COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTERLOCKING CONCRETE BLOCKS

USING STANDARD AGGREGATES AND CRUSHED GLASS

_____________________________

A Design Project Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Engineering and Architecture
Civil Engineering Department
Urdaneta City University

_____________________________

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

_____________________________

By:
Jonalyn C. Manaois
Issa Angeli G. Pascua
Edmond O. Bautista
Ismael C. Gonzales
Jenifer B. Claunan

February 2020
_____________________________

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 APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that this technical study entitled “COMPARATIVE

STUDY OF INTERLOCKING CONCRETE BLOCKS USING STANDARD

AGGREGATES AND CRUSHED GLASS” was prepared and submitted by

Jonalyn C. Manaois, Edmond O. Bautista, Ismael C. Gonzales, Issa Angeli G.

Pascua, and Jenifer B. Claunan was successfully defended and approved on

ENGR. ALBERT T. YANGA

Adviser

Design Project Committee

ENGR. JERMINE V. DACANAY, MIT ENGR. LEO GERARDO S. ROXAS

Critic Reader Panel Member

ENGR. ROLANDO P. TAACA ENGR. BERNARD S. DORIA, RMP, MSCE

Panel Member Chairman

APPROVED AND ACCEPTED as partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, Bachelor of Science in
Electronics and Communication Engineering and Bachelor of Science in Computer
Engineering with the final rating of __ _.

ENGR. JERMINE V. DACANAY, MIT

Research Coordinator

ENGR. RHEALYN B. VALENZUELA, MSME

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 Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project study is attributed to the Almighty God, for giving the

researchers the wisdom, knowledge, strength to go on despite the odds and

understanding throughout this study for without Him we can do nothing. The

researchers would like to extend their sincere appreciation and heartfelt

gratitude to the following:

To Engr. Bernard S. Doria, the research chairman, for his valuable

suggestions and his encouragement to finish this study.

To Engr. Albert T. Yanga, project adviser, for his continuous support,

suggestions and professional advice to make this study possible.

To Engr. Jermine V. Dacanay, critic reader, for her valuable

suggestions, support, and criticism which greatly help improve the manuscript.

To Engr. Rolando P. Taaca, Engr. Leo Gerardo S. Roxas, the panel

members, for their willingness to strengthen the knowledge of the researchers

and for the continuous inspiration and valuable suggestions that help them make

the study better.

To Engr. Alejandro N. Gerlaban and the University Maintenance,

for their unending support and guidance to make this study possible.

To Mr. Prince Allan Sison, for his assistance and support to the

researchers for them to finish this study.

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 To the researchers beloved parents, for moulding them to become

responsible students, for their endless love, understanding and support. Words

are not enough to express our deepest gratitude to all those people who

influenced and inspired us to finish this study.

JCM

EOB

ICG

IGP

JBC

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 DEDICATION

We sincerely dedicate this Masterpiece to;

Entities

That unselfishly gave their effort, time and support.

Friends and Classmates

That motivates us and never did let us down,

Mentors

That helped us broaden our understanding,

Our Parents and Loved ones,

That provided love, care, and encouragement for every one of us

And

The Almighty God for the guidance, strength, and wisdom

In the completion of this undertaking

Jo

Ed

Mael

Issa

Jen

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

DEDICATION v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF TABLES xi

ABSTRACT xii

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDIES 5

Structural Behaviour of Interlocking Blocks 5

Walling System 6

Development of Interlocking Blocks 7

Analysis of Materials Used as Substitute to Aggregate 9

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 11

Abstract 11

Introduction 11

Conceptual Framework 12

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 Research Methodology 14

Interlocking Blocks Design 18

Components and Materials 22

Test Results and Discussion 29

Compressive Strength Test Results 29

Conclusion 36

Water Absorption Test Results 37

Conclusion

38

Comparing Interlocking Blocks Design 1 to a

Load Bearing Hollow Blocks 39

Conclusion 45

References 46

4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50

Summary 50

Conclusions 50

Recommendations 51

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Steps and Procedures 52

Appendix B. Data Sheets 58

Appendix C. Proposed Study Shed Using Interlocking

Blocks with Crushed Glass 68

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Appendix D. Documentations 75

Appendix E. Grammarly and Plagiarism Report 81

Appendix F. Communication Letter 82

Appendix G. Deployment Letter 83

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Description Page

1.1 Concrete as Mortar 1
1.2 Sample Design of Interlocking Blocks 2
1.3 Mortarless Dry-stacked Interlocking Masonry System 2
2.1 Compressed Earth Blocks Wall 6
2.2 Mortarless Walling System 7
2.3 Different Design of Interlocking Blocks 8
2.4 Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate 10
3.1 Conceptual Framework 13
3.2 Scheme of Experimental Work 15
3.3 Chart of the Materials 16
3.4 Gantt Chart of Activities with PERT-CPM 17
3.5 Interlocking Block-Design 1 Top View 18
3.6 Interlocking Block-Design 1 Front View 19
3.7 Interlocking Block-Design 1 3D View 19
3.8 Interlocking Arrangement of Blocks-Design 1 19
3.9 Interlocking Block-Design 2 Top View 20
3.10 Interlocking Block-Design 2 Front View 20
3.11 Interlocking Block-Design 2 3D View 21
3.12 Interlocking Arrangement of Blocks-Design 2 21
3.13 Cement 22
3.14 Sand 23
3.15 Gravel 23
3.16 Crushed Glass 24
3.17 Water 24
3.18 Hydraulic Block Machine 25
3.19 Plastic Moulder 25
Formula of Compressive Strength and its Conversion to 29
3.20
Psi

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table Description Page

3.1 List of Materials, Ratio and Price of One Interlocking

Block-Design 1 (with gravel) 26

3.2 List of Materials, Ratio and Price of One Interlocking

Block-Design 1 (with glass) 26

3.3 List of Materials, Ratio and Price of One Interlocking

Block-Design 2 (with gravel) 27

3.4 List of Materials, Ratio and Price of One Interlocking

Block-Design 2 (with glass) 28

3.5 Summary of test results of Interlocking Block-Design 1

(Compressive Strength Test) 32

3.6 Summary of test results of Interlocking Block-Design 2

(Compressive Strength Test) 36

3.7 Summary of test results of Interlocking Block-Design 1

(Water Absorption Test) 38

3.8 Summary of test results of Interlocking Block-Design 2

(Water Absorption Test) 38

3.9 Summary of Materials using 6” Concrete Hollow Blocks 42

3.10 Summary of Materials using Interlocking Bocks Design 1 44

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 ABSTRACT

Name of the Researcher(s): Jonalyn C. Manaois

Edmond O. Bautista

Ismael C. Gonzales

Issa Angeli G. Pascua

Jenifer B. Claunan

Institution: Urdaneta City University

Urdaneta City

Course: Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Semester: First Semester 2019-2020

Adviser: Engr. Albert T. Yanga

Title Thesis: Comparative Study of Interlocking

Concrete Blocks Using Standard

Aggregate and Crushed Glass

Key Terms: Structure, Wall, Interlocking blocks,

Aggregates

_________________________________________________________________

This study aims to show the comparison of using crushed glass and

standard aggregates in making interlocking concrete blocks. It aims to sought

answers to the following objectives; (1) to identify the different aggregates of

concrete used today and its compressive strengths. (2) to test the compressive

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strength of interlocking blocks with crushed glass as a substitute for crushed

stone. (3) to develop an alternative construction material that would minimize

environmental and economic issues. (4) the comparison between an interlocking

block with crushed glass and with crushed stone in terms of its compressive

strength and water absorption test. (5) to find out if interlocking blocks with

crushed glass can minimize the cost of construction.

In this research, the researchers use several methods such as project

identification, project assessment, the gathering of materials, research design,

project development, project testing, project evaluation, and project

presentation. The scope of the study is more on enhancing the concrete

compressive strength and design of interlocking blocks. It will also give data that

using crushed glass bottle as coarse aggregate for interlocking blocks is a good

quality of aggregate. This study will also include testing and identifying the

compressive strength of blocks made of cement, sand, and gravel, and blocks

with crushed glass bottles as coarse aggregate.

Based on the findings from this study, it can be concluded that the use of

a crushed glass bottle is a potential alternative to coarse aggregate since the

interlocking block that has crushed glass attains more strength than the

interlocking block that has crushed stone. After several testing, we found out

that the maximum strength of the interlocking block with crushed glass was 1073

psi, while the interlocking block with gravel was 914 psi. The interlocking blocks

with glass are stronger in terms of compressive strength than those with gravel.

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In terms of water absorption; it shows that the interlocking blocks with crushed

glass got lesser absorption percentages than the interlocking block with gravel.

Therefore, the interlocking block with crushed glass is more durable.

Maybe the price of individual interlocking blocks is higher than the

conventional hollow blocks, it still shows that using interlocking blocks can

reduce the primary material that we usually used in construction. And by using

interlocking blocks, it can also minimize the cost of construction.

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