©2009 Ismail Ab.

Wahab, Malaysian Entrepreneurship Development Centre (MEDEC), Universiti Teknologi MARA

Name of Business/Company USER'S GUIDE

ROYAL BUBBLE FORECASTING
Select Language/Pilih Bahasa Form of Business Capital Expenditure Projections
Pre-Operating and Working Capital Projections
● English Private Limited Company Sales and Purchase Projections
Malay ● Sole-Proprietorship/Others Forecasted Project Cost and Financing
SUMMARY AND SCHEDULES
Planning Period Nature of Business
Project Cost and Sources of Finance Summary
3 Years ●
Manufacturing Fixed Assets and Depreciation Schedules
Loan Amortization Schedule
5 Years Trading/Distribution
Service FINANCIAL REPORTS
Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement
Start Year of Projection Start Month of Projection Pro-forma Income Statement
January Pro-forma Balance Sheet
February Financial Performance
March
April
May
June
July BRIEF REPORTS
August
Total Project Cost September Cash Balance Time to Break-Even
Sources of Financing October Income Paybak Period for Start-Up Fund
November
Monthly Loan Payment December Total Assets & Liabilities Internal Rate of Return
 Monthly Hire-Purchase Payment Total Owners' Equity

Complimentary Edition FinePlanner

FINANCIAL PLAN
FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES
aysian Entrepreneurship Development Centre (MEDEC), Universiti Teknologi MARA

USER'S GUIDE

FORECASTING
Capital Expenditure Projections
Pre-Operating and Working Capital Projections
Sales and Purchase Projections
Forecasted Project Cost and Financing
SUMMARY AND SCHEDULES

Project Cost and Sources of Finance Summary

Fixed Assets and Depreciation Schedules
Loan Amortization Schedule

FINANCIAL REPORTS
Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement
Pro-forma Income Statement
Pro-forma Balance Sheet
Financial Performance

BRIEF REPORTS
Time to Break-Even
Paybak Period for Start-Up Fund
Internal Rate of Return
 FinePlanner

FINANCIAL PLAN
FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES
Complimentary Edition
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE PROJECTION
Anggaran Perbelanjaan Aset Tetap
ROYAL BUBBLE
Capital Expenditure

Types of Fixed Assets Estimated Cost (RM)

Administrative/Organisation
Land & Building
Office Furniture and Fittings 3,022

Sales/Marketing
Signboard 1,000

Operations/Technical
renovation 6,000
Machineries and Equipments 10,100

Total 20,122

Depreciation method
Straight line

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URE PROJECTION
an Aset Tetap

Estimated Economic Life

(years)

3
3
3
3

3
3
3
3

3
3
3
3

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM
Complimentary Edition
PRE-OPERATING & WORKING CAPITAL
Pra-Operasi & Modal Kerja

ROYAL BUBBLE
Pre-Operating & Working Capital Projections
Pre-Operating & Incorporation Costs (one-off) RM
Development cost
Business incorporation
Deposit (rent, utilities, etc.)
Other pre-operating & incorporation costs 100
Sales & Marketing Costs (monthly)
Promotions and advertising 500
marketing manager salaries 2,000
promotion personnel salaries 300

General & Administrative Costs (monthly)

office supplies 525
general manager salaries 3,000
administrative manager salaries 2,000
financial manager 2,500

Operations & Technical Costs (monthly)

Purchase of Raw Materials/Goods 3,346
Carriage Inwards 1,000
Salaries, Wages, EPF & SOCSO
Utilities 3,000
operating manager salaries 2,500
assistance operator salaries 1,500

Other Expenditure (annually)

Registration Fee 71
License, Insurance, Roadtax 699
Total Pre-Operations & Working Capital Expenditure 23,041

Annual Increase in Working Capital (if any)

Year 2 5%
Year 3 5%

Tax Rates
Year 1 26%
Year 2 26%
Year 3 26%
26%
26%

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Fi © 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

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KING CAPITAL
Complimentary Edition
SALES & PURCHASES
Jualan & Bellian
ROYAL BUBBLE
Sales & Purchase Projections

Sales Projections RM Purchase Projections RM

January 2020 34,515 January 2020 3,346
February 2020 32,124 February 2020 3,011
March 2020 31,054 March 2020 3,178
April 2020 30,090 April 2020 3,680
May 2020 33,356 May 2020 4,014
June 2020 36,780 June 2020 3,345
July 2020 36,546 July 2020 3,512
August 2020 35,544 August 2020 3,847
September 2020 32,546 September 2020 3,345
October 2020 36,381 October 2020 3,680
November 2020 38,125 November 2020 3,680
December 2020 37,119 December 2020 4,014
Total 2020 414,180 Total 2020 42,651
Total 2021 455,598 Total 2021 43,504
Total 2022 523,938 Total 2022 43,931

Sales Collections Purchase Payments

In the month of sales 100% In the month of purchase 100%
One month after sales 0% One month after purchase 0%
Two months after sales 0% Two months after purchase 0%

Ending Inventory of Raw Materials RM Ending Inventory of Finished Goods RM

End of 2020 500 End of 2020 3,000
End of 2021 700 End of 2021 3,500
End of 2022 1,000 End of 2022 4,000
1,200 4,500
1,400 5,000
 Main Menu

Fin © 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

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Complimentary Edition
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION COST
Kos Pelaksanaan Projek

ROYAL BUBBLE
Project Implementation Cost

Capital Expenditure Cost Sources of Financing

Land & Building 0 Cash
Office Furniture and Fittings 3,022 Cash
0 0 Cash
0 0 Cash
0 0 Cash
Signboard 1,000 Cash
0 0 Cash
0 0 Cash
0 0 Cash
renovation 6,000 Cash
Machineries and Equipments 10,100 Cash
0 0 Cash
0 0 Cash
Working Capital 1 months
Sales & Marketing Costs (monthly) 2,800 Cash
General & Administrative Costs (monthly) 8,025 Cash
Operations & Technical Costs (monthly) 11,346 Cash
Pre-Operating & Incorporation Costs (one-off) 100 Cash
Other Expenditure (annually) 770 Cash
Provision for Contingencies 5% 2,120 Cash
TOTAL 45,282

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Complimentary Edition SOURCESSumber
OF PROJECT FINANCING
Pembiayaan Projek
ROYAL BUBBLE
Sources of Project Financing
Own Contributions
Capital Expenditure Cost Loan Hire-Purchase
Cash Existing F. Assets
Land & Building 0 -
Office Furniture and Fittings 3,022 3,022
0 0 -
0 0 -
0 0 -
Signboard 1,000 1,000
0 0 -
0 0 -
0 0 -
renovation 6,000 6,000
Machineries and Equipments 10,100 10,100
0 0 -
0 0 -
Working Capital
Sales & Marketing Costs (monthly) 2,800 2,800
General & Administrative Costs (monthly) 8,025 8,025
Operations & Technical Costs (monthly) 11,346 11,346
Pre-Operating & Incorporation Costs (one-off) 100 100
Other Expenditure (annually) 770 770
Provision for Contingencies 2,120 2,120
TOTAL 45,282 45,282 0 0 0

Proposed Terms of Loan (if required) Proposed Terms of Hire-Purchase (if required)

Interest rate 5% Interest rate 5%

Loan tenure (years) 10 Tenure (years) 5

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FinePlanner © 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM
Complimentary Edition
LOAN AMORTIZATION & HIR
Jadual Bayaran Balik Pin
ROYAL BUBBLE
LOAN AMORTIZATION SCHEDULE
Amount (RM) 0
Interest Rate 5%
Duration (yrs) 10
Method Annual Rest
Instalment Payments
Year
Principal Interest Annual Payments
0 - - -
1 - - -
2 - - 0
3 - - 0
4 - - 0
5 - - 0
6 - - 0
7 - - 0
8 - - 0
9 - - 0
10 - - 0
11 - - 0
12 - - 0
13 - - 0
14 - - 0
15 - - 0
16 - - 0
17 - - 0
18 - - 0
19 - - 0
20 - - 0

FinePlanner
RTIZATION & HIRE-PURCHASE SCHEDULES
Jadual Bayaran Balik Pinjaman & Sewa-Beli
ROYAL BUBBLE
CHEDULE HIRE-PURCHASE REPAYMENT SCHEDULE
Amount (RM) 0
Interest Rate 5%
Duration (yrs) 5

Bayaran Ansuran
Principal Balance Tahun
Pokok Faedah BayaranTahunan
- 0 - - -
- 1 - - -
- 2 - - -
- 3 - - -
- 4 - - -
- 5 - - -
- 6 - - -
- 7 - - -
- 8 - - -
- 9 - - -
- 10 - - -
- 11 - - -
- 12 - - -
- 13 - - -
- 14 - - -
- 15 - - -
- 16 - - -
- 17 - - -
- 18 - - -
- 19 - - -
- 20 - - -
ULES

EDULE

Baki Pokok

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

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Complimentary Edition DEPRECIATION OF FIXE
Susutnilai Aset Tetap
ROYAL BUBBLE
Type of Fixed Asset Office Furniture and Fittings
Cost (RM) 3,022
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 3,022
1 1,007 1,007 2,015
2 1,007 2,015 1,007
3 1,007 3,022 -
4 0 0 -
5 0 0 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM)
Depreciation Method
Economic Life (yrs)
Annual
Year
Depreciation
0 -
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
10 - -
0
Straight Line
3
Accumulated
Book Value
Depreciation
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-

Type of Fixed Asset Signboard

Cost (RM) 1,000
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 1,000
1 333 333 667
2 333 667 333
3 333 1,000 -
 4 0 0 -
5 0 0 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM)
Depreciation Method
Economic Life (yrs)
Annual
Year
Depreciation
0 -
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
10 - -
0
Straight Line
3
Accumulated
Book Value
Depreciation
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-

Type of Fixed Asset renovation

Cost (RM) 6,000
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 6,000
1 2,000 2,000 4,000
2 2,000 4,000 2,000
3 2,000 6,000 -
4 0 0 -
5 0 0 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 - - -
2 - - -
 3 - - -
4 - - -
5 - - -
6 - - -
7 - - -
8 - - -
9 - - -
10 - - -

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ON OF FIXED ASSETS
utnilai Aset Tetap

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 - - -
2 - - -
3 - - -
4 - - -
5 - - -
6 - - -
7 - - -
8 - - -
9 - - -
10 - - -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 - - -
2 - - -
3 - - -
4 - - -
5 - - -
6 - - -
7 - - -
8 - - -
9 - - -
10 - - -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 - - -
2 - - -
3 - - -
 4 - - -
5 - - -
6 - - -
7 - - -
8 - - -
9 - - -
10 - - -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 - - -
2 - - -
3 - - -
4 - - -
5 - - -
6 - - -
7 - - -
8 - - -
9 - - -
10 - - -

Type of Fixed Asset Machineries and Equipments

Cost (RM) 10,100
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - 10,100
1 3,367 3,367 6,733
2 3,367 6,733 3,367
3 3,367 10,100 -
4 0 0 -
5 0 0 -
6 0 0 -
7 0 0 -
8 0 0 -
9 0 0 -
10 0 0 -

Type of Fixed Asset 0

Cost (RM) 0
Depreciation Method Straight Line
Economic Life (yrs) 3
Annual Accumulated
Year Book Value
Depreciation Depreciation
0 - - -
1 - - -
2 - - -
 3 - - -
4 - - -
5 - - -
6 - - -
7 - - -
8 - - -
9 - - -
10 - - -

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 PVIFA= 0.6139
7.7217349292

Loan amt Principal Int annual paym

1 0 - - -
2 - - 0
3 - - 0
4 - - 0
5 - - 0
6 - - 0
7 - - 0
8 - - 0
9 - - 0
10 - - 0
11 - - 0
12 - - 0
13 - - 0
14 - - 0
15 - - 0
16 - - 0
17 - - 0
18 - - 0
19 - - 0
20 - - 0

- -
Balance
-
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Complimentary Edition

ROYAL BUBBLE
Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement

MONTH Pre-Operations January February

CASH INFLOW
45,282
Capital (Cash)
Loan 0
Cash Sales 34,515 32,124
Collection of Accounts Receivable 0 0

TOTAL CASH RECEIPT 45,282 34,515 32,124

CASH OUTFLOW

Pre-operating & Incorporation Expenditure 100

Sales & Marketing Expenditure 2,800 2,800
General & Administrative Expenditure 8,025 8,025
Operations & Technical Expenditure 11,346 11,011
Other Expenditure 770
Purchase of Fixed Assets 20,122
Hire-Purchase Repayment:
Principal 0 0
Interest 0 0
Loan Repayment:
Principal 0 0
Interest 0 0
Tax Payable 0 0
TOTAL CASH OUTFLOW 20,222 22,941 21,835
CASH SURPLUS (DEFICIT) 25,060 11,574 10,289
BEGINNING CASH BALANCE 25,060 36,635
ENDING CASH BALANCE 25,060 36,635 46,924

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 PRO-FOR

2020 MONTHLY CASH FLOW

March April May June July

31,054 30,090 33,356 36,780 36,546

0 0 0 0 0

31,054 30,090 33,356 36,780 36,546

2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800

8,025 8,025 8,025 8,025 8,025
11,178 11,680 12,014 11,345 11,512

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
22,002 22,504 22,839 22,170 22,337
9,052 7,586 10,517 14,610 14,209
46,924 55,975 63,561 74,079 88,689
55,975 63,561 74,079 88,689 102,898
 PRO-FORMA CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Aliran Tunai Pro-forma

August September October November December

35,544 32,546 36,381 38,125 37,119

0 0 0 0 0

35,544 32,546 36,381 38,125 37,119

2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800

8,025 8,025 8,025 8,025 8,025
11,847 11,345 11,680 11,680 12,014

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
22,671 22,170 22,505 22,505 22,839
12,873 10,376 13,876 15,620 14,280
102,898 115,771 126,147 140,024 155,644
115,771 126,147 140,024 155,644 169,925
EMENT

2020 2021 2022

45,282 0 0

0 0 0
414,180 455,598 523,938
0 0 0

459,462 455,598 523,938 0 0

100
33,600 35,280 37,044 0 0
96,295 101,109 106,165
138,651 144,304 149,771
770 809 849
20,122

0 - -
0 - -

0 - -
0 - -
0 0 0
289,537 281,502 293,828 0 0
169,925 174,096 230,109 0
0 169,925 344,021
169,925 344,021 574,130
Complimentary Edition

PRO-FORMA INCOME STATEMENT

Penyata Pendapatan Pro-forma
ROYAL BUBBLE
Pro-forma Income Statement
Years 2020 2021 2022
Sales 414,180 455,598 523,938
Less: Cost of Sales (Notes 1 & 2) 140,518 148,971 154,337 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Gross Profit 273,662 306,627 369,601 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Less: Expenditure
Pre-Operating & Incorporation Expenditure 100
General & Administrative Expenditure 96,295 101,109 106,165 0 0
Sales & Marketing Expenditure 33,600 35,280 37,044 0 0

Other Expenditure 770 809 849

Interest on Hire-Purchase 0 0 0
Interest on Loan 0 0 0
Depreciation of Fixed Assets 1,341 1,341 1,341
Total Expenditure 132,105 138,538 145,398
Net Income Before Tax 141,557 168,089 224,202 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Tax 0 0 0 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Net Income After Tax 141,557 168,089 224,202 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Accumulated Net Income 141,557 309,646 533,848 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Note 1
Cost of Sales
Opening Inventory of Finished Goods 0 3,000 3,500
Add: Total Production Cost (Note 2) 143,518 149,471 154,837
0
Less: Ending Inventory 3,000 3,500 4,000
140,518 148,971 154,337 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Note 2
Raw Materials 0 0 0

2022
Opening Inventory 0 500 700
Add: Current Year Purchases 42,651 43,504 43,931 0 0
Add: Carriage Inwards 12,000 12,600 13,230 2022
Less: Ending Inventory 500 700 1,000

2021

2020

- 200,000 400,000
Complimentary Edition

PRO-FORMA BALANCE SHEET

Kunci Kira-Kira Pro-forma
ROYAL BUBBLE
Pro-forma Balance Sheet
2020 2021 2022 Main Menu
ASSETS Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement

Non-Current Assets (Book Value) Pro-forma Income Statement

Land & Building 0 0 0 Pro-forma Balance Sheet
Other Fixed Assets 13,415 6,707 - Financial Performance
Other Assets
Deposit 0 0 0
SUMMARY
13,415 6,707 0 0 0
Current Assets 2020
Inventory of Raw Materials 500 700 1,000 2021
Inventory of Finished Goods 3,000 3,500 4,000 2022
Accounts Receivable 0 0 0
Cash Balance 169,925 344,021 574,130
173,425 348,221 579,130 0 0

TOTAL ASSETS 186,839 354,928 579,130 0 0 2013

Owners' Equity
2012
Capital 45,282 45,282 45,282
Accumulated Income 141,557 309,646 533,848 #VALUE! #VALUE!
186,839 354,928 579,130 #VALUE! #VALUE! Equity
2011
Long-Term Liabilities Liabilitie
Sales
Loan Balance 0 0 0
Hire-Purchase Balance 0 0 0 #VALUE! #VALUE! 2010
0 0 - #VALUE! #VALUE!
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable 0 0 0 2009

TOTAL EQUITY & LIABILITIES 186,839 354,928 579,130 #VALUE! #VALUE! 0 200000 400000 600000 800000

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Complimentary Edition FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Prestasi Kewangan
ROYAL BUBBLE

Financial Ratio Analysis 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

LIQUIDITY
Current Ratio NA NA NA #VALUE! #VALUE!
Quick Ratio (Acid Test) NA NA NA #VALUE! #VALUE!

EFFICIENCY
Receivable Turnover NA NA NA #VALUE! #VALUE!
Inventory Turnover 80 71 62 #VALUE! #VALUE!

PROFITABILITY
Gross Profit Margin 66.07% 67.30% 70.54% #VALUE! #VALUE!
Net Profit Margin 34.18% 36.89% 42.79% #VALUE! #VALUE!
Return on Assets 75.76% 47.36% 38.71% #VALUE! #VALUE!
Return on Equity 75.76% 47.36% 38.71% #VALUE! #VALUE!

SOLVENCY
Debt to Equity 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% #VALUE! #VALUE!
Debt to Assets 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% #VALUE! #VALUE!
Time Interest Earned #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

Break-even Analysis 2020 2021 2022

Total projected sales(RM) 414,180 455,598 523,938
Total variable costs (cost of sales) 140,518 148,971 154,337 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Contribution margin 273,662 306,627 369,601 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Contribution margin ratio 66% 67% 71% #VALUE! #VALUE!
Fixed costs 132,105 138,538 145,398
Total costs 272,623 287,509 299,736 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Net Profit 141,557 168,089 224,202 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Break-even sales 199,937 205,846 206,114 #VALUE! #VALUE!
Percentage of break-even to sales 48% 45% 39% #VALUE! #VALUE!

Current Ratio Quick Ratio (Acid Test)

10 10
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 202

Receivable Turnover Inventory Turnover

90
10
9 80
8 70
7 60
6 50
5 40
4
30
3
20
2
1 10
0 0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Gross Profit Margin Net Profit Margin

71% 45%
40%
70%
35%
69%
30%
68%
25%
67%
20%
66% 15%
65% 10%
 Gross Profit Margin Net Profit Margin
71% 45%

70% 40%
35%
69%
30%
68%
25%
67%
20%
66% 15%
65% 10%
64% 5%
63% 0%
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 202

Return on Assets Return on Equity

80% 80%
70% 70%
60% 60%
50% 50%
40% 40%
30% 30%
20% 20%
10% 10%
0% 0%
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 202

Debt to Equity Debt to Assets

100% 100%
90% 90%
80% 80%
70% 70%
60% 60%
50% 50%
40% 40%
30% 30%
20% 20%
10% 10%
0% 0%
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2020 2021 2022 2023 20

Time Interest Earned

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

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MANCE

Main Menu 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Pro-forma Cash Flow Statement Current Ratio NA NA NA #VALUE! #VALUE!
Pro-forma Income Statement
Pro-forma Balance Sheet 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Financial Performance Quick Ratio (Acid Test) NA NA NA #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Receivable Turnover NA NA NA #VALUE! #VALUE!

PAYBACK PERIOD FOR 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

START-UP FUND Inventory Turnover 80 71 62 #VALUE! #VALUE!

Less than 1 year 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Gross Profit Margin 66% 67% 71% #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Net Profit Margin 34% 37% 43% #VALUE! #VALUE!

INTERNAL RATE OF 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Return on Assets 76% 47% 39% #VALUE! #VALUE!
RETURN (IRR)

341%

TIME TO BREAK-EVEN

Less than 1 year

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Quick Ratio (Acid Test) Return on Equity 76% 47% 39% #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Debt to Equity 0% 0% 0% #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Debt to Assets 0% 0% 0% #VALUE! #VALUE!

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Time Interest Earned #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #VALUE! #VALUE!

20 2021 2022 2023 2024

Inventory Turnover

0 2021 2022 2023 2024

Net Profit Margin

 Net Profit Margin

020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Return on Equity

020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Debt to Assets

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TIME TO BREAK-EVEN

Less than 1 year

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

PAYBACK PERIOD FOR START-UP FUND

Less than 1 year

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\
 BRIEF REPORT

INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)

341%
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TOTAL PROJECT COST

RM
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TOTAL PROJECT COST

45,282
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

SOURCES OF FINANCING

Cash
Existing F. Assets
Loan
Hire-Purchase
Total
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

SOURCES OF FINANCING

RM45,282
RM0
RM0
RM0
RM45,282
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09 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

CASH BALANCE

2020 RM
2021 RM
2022 RM

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

CASH BALANCE

169,925
174,096
230,109

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

NET INCOME BEFORE TAX

2020 RM
2021 RM
2022 RM

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

T INCOME BEFORE TAX

141,557
168,089
224,202

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Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

OWNERS' EQUITY (ACCUMULATED

2020 RM
2021 RM
2022 RM

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

NERS' EQUITY (ACCUMULATED)

186,839
354,928
579,130

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009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TOTAL ASSETS & LIABILITIES (ACCUMULA

ASSETS

2020 RM
2021 RM
2022 RM

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

TOTAL ASSETS & LIABILITIES (ACCUMULATED)

ASSETS LIABILITIES

186,839 RM 0
354,928 RM 0
579,130 RM 0

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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

ESTIMATED MONTHLY LOAN PAYME

RM 0
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

MONTHLY LOAN PAYMENT

per month
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mail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

ESTIMATED MONTHLY HIRE-PURCHASE P

RM
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

 BRIEF REPORT

ESTIMATED MONTHLY HIRE-PURCHASE PAYMENT

0 per month
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© 2009 Ismail Ab.Wahab MEDEC UiTM

FinePlan
FINANCIAL PLANNING PACKAGE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES
PROF. MADYA DR. ISMAIL AB.WAHAB, MALAYSIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (MEDEC),
FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM, SELANGO R
 
FinePlanner is an MS Excel-based financial planning package for generating comp
professional and presentable financial projections for start-up entrepreneurs and
Based on market survey and assumptions, FinePlanner generates cash flow, inco
sheet forecasts for up to five years ahead. It makes it suitable for managers and e
knowledge in finance and accounting and who have no previous experience in fin
planning.
 
Objective
FinePlanner is a tool that can assist small and medium-sized entrepreneurs in the
professional, comprehensive and presentable financial projections for business s
Novelty
Dual language: English and Malay Generate comprehensive and presentable fina
years
Suitable for businesses engaged in manufacturing, trading or services
Suitable for incorporated or unincorporated businesses
Suitable for all levels of existing and potential entrepreneurs: students & graduat
corporate entrepreneurs, rural entrepreneurs, agro entrepreneurs, etc.
USER 'S GUIDE
FinePlan
FINANCIAL PLANNING PACKAGE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES
PROF. MADYA DR. ISMAIL AB.WAHAB, MALAYSIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (MEDEC),
FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM, SELANGO R
 
FinePlanner is an MS Excel-based financial planning package for generating comprehensive, highly
professional and presentable financial projections for start-up entrepreneurs and small business operators.
Based on market survey and assumptions, FinePlanner generates cash flow, income statement and balance
sheet forecasts for up to five years ahead. It makes it suitable for managers and entrepreneurs with minimal
knowledge in finance and accounting and who have no previous experience in financial or business
planning.
 
Objective
FinePlanner is a tool that can assist small and medium-sized entrepreneurs in the preparation of
professional, comprehensive and presentable financial projections for business start-up and expansion.
Novelty
Dual language: English and Malay Generate comprehensive and presentable financial projection up to five
years
Suitable for businesses engaged in manufacturing, trading or services
Suitable for incorporated or unincorporated businesses
Suitable for all levels of existing and potential entrepreneurs: students & graduates entrepreneurs,
corporate entrepreneurs, rural entrepreneurs, agro entrepreneurs, etc.

Getting Started

Before you start the planning process, select the language by clicking “English” or “Malay” buttons planning period.

v  Select the planning period (3 or 5 years).

v  Choose first year of planning period and first month of planning period.

v  Select the legal form of business (private limited company or sole-proprietorship and others)

v  Select nature of business (manufacturing, trading/distribution or service)

Financial Forecasting

v  Click Capital expenditure projections menu for entering the projected cost of each fixed assets required for
business. Please key in the cost of new fixed assets and/or the market value for existing fixed assets (if an
Determine the number of years of economic or productive life for each asset (except land & building). The econo
life of an asset refers to the period (normally expressed in number of years) whereby the asset can be economic
used i.e. without much maintenance or breakdowns.
v  Next, select the depreciation method for all assets. The recommended method for calculating depreciation is eit
straight-line or declining balance. The simplest and most commonly used is straight line method. It is calculated
taking the purchase or acquisition price of an asset subtracted by the salvage value divided by the total produc
years the asset can be reasonably expected to benefit the company [called “useful life” in accounting jargon].
planning purposes, the salvage value can be zero. The declining method of depreciation accelerates deprecia
faster than the straight-line method because it bases each year's depreciation on the assets’ previous-year net b
value.

v  Go back to the main menu.

Projection of Pre-operating and Working Capital Expenditure

v  First, determine the pre-operating and incorporation costs. The pre-operating cost can includes busin
registration and licences, legal fees , stamp duties etc.

v  Next, estimate the sales and marketing costs, general and administrative costs, and operations and techni
costs. These costs are incurred every month and are generally known as working capital. Other costs which are
paid monthly but are incurred every year can be included under other expenditure (annually) category such
payment of road tax and insurance for motor vehicles, licences etc.

v  Estimate the increment rate for working capital expenditure (if any). Next, choose the current and estimated rates
corporate taxation from the list. The system will only calculate the amount of tax for private limited company.

v  Go back to the main menu.

Projections for Sales and Purchases

v  Fill in the sales projections table. Sales (or revenues) refers to the sales forecast derived from the
marketing plan. It is the total of forecasted cash and credit sales for each year throughout the planned
period. Sales are to be forested monthly (first planning year) and annually (after first year).
v  The amount of monthly purchases in the purchase Projections table should be equal to the amount
purchases that have been projected in the working capital section under operations and technical cos
category.
v  If there some credit sales or purchases, choose the percentage of credit sales collections and credit
purchase payments in the columns provided.
v  Next, estimate the ending inventory of raw materials and finished goods (for manufacturing
businesses only). For trading and distribution businesses, the ending inventory figures are to be entered
the ending inventory of finished goods column only. It is assumed that there is no ending inventory fo
businesses involved in service industry. If your businesses are involved in both trading and service
activities, please select trading/distribution category under nature of business in the main menu.
v  Go back to the main menu.

Project Costs and Financing

v  The project cost is the total cost of implementation of the proposed project. The project cost schedul
incorporates both long and short terms expenditure needed to start the business. The components of th
schedule include capital expenditure, working capital, pre-operating and incorporation costs, other
expenditure and provision for contingency.

v  The sources of financing schedule shows various sources of finance available to fund the business.
These could be internal and external sources of finance. The internal sources of finance include equity
contributions in cash and/or existing assets. External sources may include term loan and hire purchase
For planning purposes, other sources such as grants and money borrowed from individuals should be
considered as own cash contributions. For each asset and working capital required, p lease choose the
type of financing from the list provided in the sources of financing column.

v  The amount of working capital is dependent upon the period until the business can generate enough
sales to cover its short-term expenditure. Therefore, the amount of working capital needed could be in th
range of one to six months. Please select the number of months from the list provided in relevant colum

v  The final component of the project cost is provision for contingency. This cost is added to the total cost of
other four components based on a certain percentage (usually between 5 to 10 percent). The reason for includ
contingency cost in the project implementation cost schedule is to take care of any variance of the actual from
budgeted expenditure. For example, if the cost of materials increases during the planned period, the firm can uti
this fund to cover the extra cost without having to search for new funding.

SUMMARY AND SCHEDULES

This section presents the supporting schedules relating to the information that have been provided in the forecasting secti
The schedules are project cost and sources of funds summary, fixed assets and depreciation schedules, and loan amortizati
schedule.

REPORTS AND ANALYSIS

This section presents the pro-forma financial statements and analysis of the financial performance and position of the propo
project.

Pro-forma cash flow statement

v  Pro forma cash flow statement refers to the projected statement of cash inflows and outflows throughout the plan
period. Under normal circumstances, the pro forma cash flow statement is prepared between three to five consecutive ye
with monthly details for the first year. The pro forma cash flow statement shows the following information:
·         Cash inflows – the projected amount of cash flowing into the company.
·         Cash outflows – the projected amount of cash flowing out of the company.
·         Cash deficit or surplus – the difference between cash inflows and cash outflows.
 ·         Cash position – the beginning and ending cash balances for a particular period.

Pro-forma Income Statement

v  The pro forma income statement shows the expected profit for the planned period. The statement shows the
following information:
·         Gross profit
·         Net profit

v  Gross profit is the gross margin realised after deducting the cost of goods sold from sales. It represents the
amount of profit before deducting other operating expenditure such as administration expenditure, marketing
expenditure, operations expenditure (for a trading entity), interest charges, depreciation charges on fixed assets
(except for a manufacturing concern) and other miscellaneous expenditure incurred throughout the year in orde
to obtain the net profit before tax.

Pro-forma Balance Sheet

v  While the pro forma income statement shows the financial performance of the company for the planned peri
the pro forma balance sheet shows the financial position of the company at a specific point in time in terms of
assets owned and how those assets are financed. The pro forma balance sheet is prepared for a period of three
years.

v  The general elements of the pro forma balance sheet include:

·         assets
·         owner’s equity
·         liabilities

v  Assets are the economic resources of a business that are expected to be of benefit in the future. Assets report
in the balance sheet are generally categorised into two categories: non-current and current assets.
v  Non-current assets include fixed assets and other assets that are owned and usually held to produce product
services. These assets are not intended for sale in the short term. Examples: property, plant, machinery, equipme
vehicles, major renovations and long-term investments. For fixed assets, the values shown in the balance sheet a
the book value i.e. the original cost less the accumulated depreciation.

v  Current assets are short-term assets that can be converted into cash within a year. Examples: cash, inventorie
(raw materials, work-in-process and/or finished goods), receivables and other short-term investments.

v  Owners’ equity refers to capital contributions from the owners or shareholders in terms of cash or assets plus
the accumulated amount of net income. However, if the business suffers a loss, the amount of loss will be deduc
from the capital contributions.
v  Liabilities are the amounts owed by the business to outsiders. They are categorised as non-current (long-term
and current liabilities.
v  Non-current or long-term liabilities refer to the long-term obligations of the business that mature in a period
more than one year. They usually include long-term loans as well as hire purchase.
 v  Current liabilities refer to the short-term obligations of the business that mature within a period of less than a
year. The most common forms of current liabilities are accounts payable and accrued payments

Financial Analysis
v  Financial analysis is a technique of examining financial statements to help the entrepreneur analyse the financ
position and performance of the business.
v  Financial analysis involves two basic steps: generating the information from the financial statements and
interpreting the results.
v  The most common form of financial analysis is “ratio analysis”.
v  Financial ratios are normally used to compare figures from the financial statement with other figures, so that t
true meaning of financial pictures can be obtained.
v  There are various financial ratios that the entrepreneur can look at. However, the most commonly considered
ratios in small business decision-making fall into four categories: liquidity, efficiency, profitability and solvency.

v  Liquidity Ratio: The term liquidity refers to the availability of liquid assets to meet short-term obligations. Thus, liquidity ra
measure the ability of the business to pay its monthly bills.The most widely used liquidity ratios are current ratio and quick ra
Current ratio can be determined by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities. Generally, this ratio shows
business’ ability to generate cash to meet its short-term obligations. Quick ratio, also known as the acid test ratio, measures
extent to which current liabilities are covered by liquid assets. To determine quick ratio, the calculation of liquid assets does
take into account inventrories since it is sometimes difficult to convert them into cash quickly.

v  The efficiency ratios measure how efficient the business uses its assets to generate sales. The most widely used efficiency r
for planning purposes is inventory turnover ratio. Inventory turnover (or stock turnover) measures the number of tim
inventories have been converted into sales and indicates how liquid the inventory is. All other things being equal, the higher
turnover figure, the more liquid the business is. This ratio divides the cost of sales (or cost of goods sold) by the average value
inventory. The average value of inventory is derived by adding the opening and closing balance of and dividing the total by tw

v  Profitability ratios are important indicators of the business’ financial performance. Investors will particularly be intereste
these ratios since they measure the performance and growth potential of the business. Some of the commonly used profitab
ratios are gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets and return on equity. Gross profit margin give a good indica
of financial health of the business. Without an adequate gross margin, the business will be unable to pay its operating and ot
expenses. Gross profit margin is calculated by dividing the business gross income by sales. Net profit margin is an indicatio
how effective the business is at cost control. The higher the net profit margin, the more effective the business is at conver
sales into actual profit. Net profit margin is calculated by dividing the business net income by sales. Return of assets measu
the overall return that the business is able to make on its assets. This ratio is derived by dividing the business net profit by to
assets. Return of equity shows what the business has earned on its owners’ investment in the business. This ratio is derived
dividing the business net profit by total equity.
This final category of ratios i.e. Solvency Ratios, is designed to help the entrepreneur measure the degree of financial risk that
business faces. By referring to this ratio, the entrepreneur can assess his level of debt and decide whether it is appropriate for
the business. The most commonly used solvency ratios are total debt (liabilities) to equity (also known as leverage or gearing),
total debt to total assets, and times interest earned (also known as interest coverage). The total debt to equity ratio measure
the percentage of the business’ assets financed by creditors relative to the percentage financed by the owners. This ratio is
calculated by dividing the the total debt by total equity. The debt to asset ratio measures the percentage of the business’ ass
financed by creditors relative to the percentage financed by the entrepreneur. This ratio is calculated by dividing the total deb
by total assets. Times interest earned ratio measures the number of times interest expense can be covered by profit before
interest and tax. This ratio is calculated by dividing total inte
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