EE-201 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

EXPERIMENT No: 8

a) Familiarization with construction and working of a Transformer

b) Verification of Turns Ratio of Transformer

Objective:
o To determine the turn ratio of a Transformer.
o To verify that a transformer transfers electrical power without change in frequency.
Apparatus:
 Single phase transformer trainer
 Voltmeter
 Ammeter
Schematic Diagram:

Theory:

A transformer is a static device that changes ac electric power at one voltage level to ac electric
power at another voltage level through the action of electromagnetic induction.

The basis of a transformer is mutual induction between two circuits linked by a common
magnetic flux. One of the transformer winding connected to ac supply mains, is called Primary
winding and the other from which energy is drawn out is called secondary winding. The two
inductive coils are electrically separated but magnetically linked through a path of low
reluctance.

In brief, a transformer is a device that

 Transfers electrical power from one circuit to another

 EE-201 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

 The two electrical circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each other.
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction

 Whenever a magnetic flux linked with a conductor changes, an e.m.f. is always induced in it.

 Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an e.m.f. in induced in that conductor.

 The magnitude of induced voltage is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages

TASK-I: To determine the turn ratio of a Transformer

We can calculate the turn ratio by two ways.

 By voltage
 By Current
By voltage ratio we can calculate the ratio of the turns.

By Current ratio we can calculate the ratio

of the turns.

Turn Ratio from voltages

Voltage across primary coil Voltage across secondary coil Turn Ratio
Vp (V) Vs (V) N= Ns/Np
 EE-201 Lab Manual, ME Department, Wah Engineering College

The turn ratio calculated from voltages and current in the primary and secondary coils is almost
same as shown below, however the little difference is due to precise instruments.

TASK-II: There is no change in frequency in transformer action

Frequency means number of cycle’s do the wave completes in only one second. The frequency
of output voltage is same as that of input supply. The change in transformer is only in
magnitudes of voltages and currents. Frequency is inverse of Time Period and the time period
can be measured by the CRO. In PAKISTAN the frequency is 50 Hz so the time period is
0.02sec.

Procedure:
To verify our objective we connect the Primary side
of our transformer to the channel 1 of CRO and the
individually calculate the time periods of both
signals it gives 0.02 sec for both signals which
shows that the frequency is 50 Hz for both input and
output of transformer.

Conclusion: