Post task - Final activity

Individual work

Luis Manuel Fonseca Palomino

203058_35
Código: 77.192.697

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS, TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA
TEORÍA ELECTROMAGNÉTICA Y ONDAS
2020-17-05
 Introduction

In this activity all the concepts and ideas seen in units 1, 2 and 3 of the courses will be
studied, these concepts will be applied in the solution of application exercises.
They will put into practice everything learned in unit 1, referring to electromagnetic waves
such as, calculating their loss tangent, their characteristics and their parameters.
In the second exercise the concepts of unit 2 will be applied, the refraction angle, the speed
of wave propagation in different media, air and sea water, as well as the wave displacement
time in these media will be calculated.
Finally, the impedance zi will be found taking into account the parameters of zl, zo and the
propagation frequency.
 Application exercises:

For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the group
number and CCC to the first 3 digits of the identification number.
Luis Manuel Fonseca Palomino
 Código: 77.192.697
 Código grupo: 203058_35

1. An electromagnetic wave of f =771 MHz is transmitted from the bottom of a ship

to a receiver located at p=1 Km depth. The wave is emitted with an advance
angle of a=( 5+35 ) °=40° . Determine the time it takes for the wave to reach the
receiver.
For development, follow the following steps:
a. Calculate the tangent of losses tan(δ).
σ σ
tan ( δ )= =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o

σ ( 4)
tan ( δ )= =
ω ε 2 π (771 MHz )(80)(8.8542 x 10−12 C 2 / N m2 )

tan ( δ )=1.1657

δ =tan−1 (1.1657 )=49.37°

b. Classify the behavior of the medium.

Media tan ( δ ) δ [° ]
Dissipative dielectrics (Dielectrics with losses) 0,1 < Tan(δ) <= 10 6° < δ <= 84°

Dissipative dielectrics (Dielectrics with losses) 0,1 < 1.1657 <= 10 6° < 49.37° <= 84°

c. Calculate the propagation parameters of the wave γ , α and β .

 Parameter Dielectrics with losses

 √ jωμ(σ + j ωε)
 ℜ¿)

 ℑ()

 √ jω μ/( σ+ j ωε)

¿ √ jωμ( σ + j ωε)
¿ √ j(2 π∗771 x 10 )(1.2566 x 10−6)( 4+ j(2 π∗771 x 106)( 8.8542 x 10−12∗80))
6

¿ 74.811464 +162.744362i

¿ 74.811464

¿ 162.744362i
¿ √ jω μ /(σ + j ωε)
¿ √ j(2 π∗771 x 10 )(1.2566 x 10−6)/(4+ j(2 π∗771 x 106 )(8.8542 x 10−12∗80))
6

¿ 30.880342+14.195291i

d. Calculate the propagation speed of the V p wave.

w 2 π∗771 x 106 6
= V p= =29.76 x 10 m/s
❑ 162.744362
e. Calculate the distance between the ship and the receiver d .
a+ 90° + b=180 °
40 ° +90 ° +b=180 °
b=180 °−90 °−40 °
b=50 °
1000 m
tan ( 50 ° )=
d

1000 m
tan ( 50 ° )=
d
 1000 m
d= =839.09m
tan ⁡(50 ° )
Hipotenusa
2 2
hip= √( 1000 ) + ( 839.09 ) =1305.4 m

f. Based on V p and d determine the time t of the route.

Figure 1: wave propagation in open media.

Vp=d∗t
m
29.76 x 10 6
vp s
t= = =22797.6 seg
d 1305.4 mts
2. From an airplane, which is 1250 m high, a communication signal f =771 MHz is
emitted to a submarine that is 800 m deep, the angle of incidence of the signal on
 the sea surface is a=( 5+35 ) °=40° . Determine the time it takes for the signal to
reach the submarine.
Luis Manuel Fonseca Palomino
 Código: 77.192.697
 Código grupo: 203058_35
Air = n = 1.00029
Sea watter = n2 = 1.33

For development, follow the following steps:

a. Calculate the distance between the plane and the point of incidence at sea d 1.
h 1=1250 m

1250 mts
tan ( a )=
x
12501mts
x= =1489.6=1490 mts
tan ⁡(40 ° )
2 2
d 1=√ ( 1250 mts ) + ( 1490 ) =1945 mts
b. Calculate the velocity of propagation of the wave V p 1 in the air (V p=Co /n)

Co 3.00 x 108 6
V p= = =299.91 x 10 m/s
n 1.00029
c. Using Snell's Law, calculate the angle of refraction of the wave in the sea.
n 1 Sen(θa)=n2 Sen(θb)
1.00029 Sen( 40)=1.33 Sen (θb)
 1.00029∗Sen ( 40 )
Sen(θb)= =0.4834
1.33
θb=se n−1 ( 0.4834 )=28.9=29 °

d. Calculate the distance between the point of incidence in the sea and the
submarine.
θ x =180 °−90 °−29 °
θ x =61 °
800
x= =443.44 mts
tan ( 61 ° )
2 2
d 2= √ ( 800 ) + ( 443.44 ) =914.67 mts

e. Calculate the propagation speed of the wave V p 2 at sea (it is V pfrom exercise
1).

Co 3.00 x 108 6
V p 2= = =225.56 x 10 m/s
n 1.33
f.
g. Based on V p 1 and d 1 determine the time t 1of the first path (t 1=d 1 /V p 1).

d1 1945 mts
t 1= = =8.45 μseg
V p1 299.91 x 106 m/s
h. Based on V p 2 and d 2 determine the time t 2of the second path.
 d2 914.67 mts
t 2= = =3.04 μseg
V p 2 299.91 x 106 m/s

i. Calculate the total time of the route t=t 1+ t 2.

t=t 1+ t 2.

t=8.45 μseg+3.04 μseg=11.49 μseg

Figure 2: wave propagation in bounded open media.

Image recovered from https://byjus.com/physics/

characteristics-of-sound-wavesamplitude/

3. A lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of Z 0=75 Ω, a length

of L=5 m and is excited by a signal of f =500 MHz. The line is connected to an
antenna with load impedance Z L =( 45+ j 45)Ω. Taking into account that
V p=3 x 107 m/s, calculate:

Luis Manuel Fonseca Palomino

 Código: 77.192.697
 Código grupo: 203058_35

a. Wavelength λ .
v p =λf
 v p 3 x 107 m/s
λ= = =0.06
f 500 MHz

b. Electrical length l .
L 5m
l= = =83.33
λ 0.06
c. Input impedance Z¿ .
Z 0∗z L∗j Z 0∗tan ⁡(2 π∗l)
Z¿ =
z 0∗j Z L∗tan ⁡(2 π∗l)

Ω∗( 45+ j 45 )∗j 75 Ω∗tan ( 2 π∗83.33 )

Z¿ =75 =75 Ω
75 Ω∗ j ( 45+ j 45 )∗tan ( 2 π∗83.33 )

d. Reflection coefficient Γ (magnitude and phase).

Z L −Z 0 45+ j 45−75
Γ= = =−0.0959+0.4110 i
Z L +Z 0 45+ j 45−75

Γ =|0.4220|1.8 °

e. VSWR

VSWR=1+ ¿ Γ ∨ ¿ ¿
1+0.4220
1−¿ Γ ∨¿= =2.4602¿
1−0.4220

f. Check the results c, d and e with the Smith 4.1 software.

g. Using the Smith 4.1 software, get an input impedance that is only real.
h. Figure 3: Transmission line.
 Conclusions

In this activity, we learned how an electromagnetic wave that moves through air or by
another means, to calculate its parameters, behaves as a loss tangent to classify the
medium by which the wave propagates and its basic parameters ( γ , α , β v p) among
others.
It was studied how the electromagnetic wave behaves in air and in sea water, its
refractive index, its propagation speed and its refractive angle were calculated, the
time it took for a wave to travel through the air and water was calculated. sea.
 Bibliography

 Paz, A. (2013). Ondas en medios abiertos acotados. Electromagnetismo para ingeniería

electrónica. Capítulo 7. (p.280).
Recovered from
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1hIcqmguT4nvfzCdYMVpd_DmYOigWM_UI?
usp=sharing
 Paz, A. (2013). Ondas en medios abiertos acotados. Electromagnetismo para ingeniería
electrónica. Capítulo 8. (p.280).
| Recovered from
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1hIcqmguT4nvfzCdYMVpd_DmYOigWM_UI?
usp=sharing
 Paz, A. (2013). Ondas en medios abiertos acotados. Electromagnetismo para ingeniería
electrónica. Capítulo 9. (p.280).
| Recovered from
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1hIcqmguT4nvfzCdYMVpd_DmYOigWM_UI?
usp=sharing
 C.H. Papas Dover Publications Inc.; Edición: New edition (1 de agosto de 1989) Theory of
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Chapter 5,6.