The Model of a Language as a

Communication Link
Joannes Richter

Abstract
From a technical viewpoint languages may be considered as standard communication systems
between partners, which may be analyzed for their coding systems, symbols, efficiency and
standards such as alphabets and synchronization systems.
In PIE-languages the symbols may be categorized according to their linguistic categories Linguals,
Gutturals, Palatals, Labials, Dentals.
A few Languages may have conserved some of their original cores such as DYAUS, DIOVIS,
DIEVAS, DIEVS, DEIVUS, DEIWS, DEYWIS, DEIVAS, TI'WAR, TIWES, TUISCO, TUISTO.
These code-words contain the most important representatives of all linguistic categories.
In analogy to the noble gases with a "full" outer shell of valence electrons we may define the words
with a “full” quintet (5-set) of representative linguistic categories “noble phonetic quintet”. Most
languages however may have lost parts of their noble keywords by deterioration.
Although our knowledge of Etruscan language is rather scarce we may check the Tuscan dictionary
for equivalent cores, which may fit in the list of the PIE-keywords.
The List of Etruscan mythological figures contains a number of relevant names TIUR, TIVR, TIV,
TUSCA(N), which correlate to a neighboring language-family in the words TI'WAR, TIWES,
TUISCO and TUISTO.
In Old Persian cuneiform scripture the name “Mitra” is spelled as (Mi-Θ-Ra) and in Avestan,
Sanskrit (Hinduism) and in Latin as MIT(h)RA, which includes all 5 standard categories Dental,
Guttural, Lingual, Palatal, Labial in one word.
Some of the original keywords (such as VIDES [Latvians], JUTES [→ Jutland], GOThS [*GUT-
ÞIUDA "Gothic people" or *GUTANS (Goths)], etc.) also inspired the people to use the keyword to
compose a king's name, a people's name and/or their language, in which the 5 representative
symbols for the linguistic categories are specified.
Introduction

The radix economy for alphabets

Engineers may analyze a language as a common communication link which may be compared to a
communication link between satellites. The characteristic data-sheet for a communication link may
list parameters such as the bandwidth, the transfer capacity in a number of bits/second, the number
of levels for the symbols, the frame size, the synchronization word, the redundancy, the parity
checks for each communication layer, etc.
Some of these parameters may also be found in languages. The transfer capacity in a number of
bits/second may use another unit such as words/second or letters/second, but the capacity may be
measured and will result in a maximal number which has been documented for a specific channel.
Another parameter is the number of levels for the symbols. In communication theory we may define
the radix economy of the channel.
The radix economy of a number in a particular base (or radix) is the number of digits needed to
express it in that base, multiplied by the base (the number of possible values each digit could have).
Radix economy also has implications for organizational structure, networking, and other fields.
According to the theory in Radix economy of different bases Euler's number e is the base with the
lowest average radix economy. Since 2 / ln(2) ≈ 2.89 and 3 / ln(3) ≈ 2.73, it follows that 3 is the
integer base with the lowest average radix economy.
A similar analysis suggests that the optimum design of a large telephone menu system to minimise
the number of menu choices that the average customer must listen to (i.e. the product of the number
of choices per menu and the number of menu levels) is to have three choices per menu.[1]

The 5 subsystems for articulatory phonetics

All the sounds we make when we speak are the result of muscles contracting. The muscles in the chest that
we use for breathing produce the flow of air that is needed for almost all speech sounds; muscles in the
larynx produce many different modifications in the flow of air from the chest to the mouth. After passing
through the larynx, the air goes through what we call the vocal tract, which ends at the mouth and nostrils.
Here the air from the lungs escapes into the atmosphere. We have a large and complex set of muscles that can
produce changes in the shape of the vocal tract, and in order to learn how the sounds of speech are produced
it is necessary to become familiar with the different parts of the vocal tract. These different parts are called
articulators, and the study of them is called articulatory phonetics.
In a complex communication system we may use 5 independent subsystems, each of which may be
optimized with 3 levels. In the human anatomy of the vocal tract we may identify five more or less
independent subsystems the tongue, the throat, the soft (velum) and hard Palate, the alveolar ridge,
the lips and the teeth.
Of course the 5 subsystems are not independent. For the sake of simplicity we start by assuming the
dependency may be ignored. The generated phonetic elements (letter-symbols) are named:
Linguals, Gutturals, Palatals, Labials, Dentals, each set of which contains 3 control symbols in an
optimized language.
An analysis of the Etruscan Deities

Overview of the relevant Etruscan Deities

As a keyword for the Etruscan language we may analyze the naming of a few divine names such as
Tinia, Tina, Tin (the god of the sky) and Tiur, Tivr, Tiv (the Moon godess).

The Chief Etruscan god, the ruler of the skies, husband of Uni, and father of Hercle,
identified with the Greek Zeus and Roman Jupiter well within the Etruscan window of
ascendance, as the Etruscan kings built the first temple of Jupiter at Rome. Called apa,
"father" in inscriptions (parallel to the -piter in Ju-piter), he has most of the attributes of his
Indo-European counterpart, with whom some have postulated a more remote linguistic
Tinia,
connection.[36] The name means "day" in Etruscan. He is the god of boundaries and
Tina,
justice. He is depicted as a young, bearded male, seated or standing at the center of the
Tin
scene, grasping a stock of thunderbolts. According to Latin literature, the bolts are of three
types: for warning, good or bad interventions, and drastic catastrophes.[37] Unlike Zeus,
Tin needs the permission of the Dii Consentes (consultant gods) and Dii Involuti (hidden
gods) to wield the last two categories. A further epithet, Calusna (of Calu), hints at a
connection to wolves or dogs and the underworld.[37]
Tiur,
Tivr, Etruscan deity identified with Greek Selene and Roman Luna (goddess).[38]
Tiv
Table 1 Extract from The list of the Etruscan Deities

Tinia
Tinia (also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the god of the sky and the highest god in
Etruscan mythology, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus.[1] He was
the husband of Thalna or Uni and the father of Hercle.

The Etruscans believed in Nine Great Gods, who had the power of hurling thunderbolts;
they were called Novensiles by the Romans.[2] Of thunderbolts there were eleven sorts,
of which Tinia, as the supreme thunder-god, wielded three.[2] Tinia was also part of the
powerful "trinity" that included Menrva and Uni, and had temples in every city of
Etruria.[3] Tinia was sometimes represented as seated and with a beard or sometimes
standing and beardless.[3] In terms of symbolism, Tinia has the thunderbolt and the rod
of power, and is generally accompanied by the eagle and sometimes has a wreath of ivy
round his head, in addition to the other insignia of Jove. 1

Tiur, Tivr, Tiv

The name Tinia may be the symbol which is equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus,
but TIUR, TIVR, TIV (as the Moon goddess), probably inherited from earlier matriarchal era,
could be the dominant root word.

1 Source: (Wikipedia) Tin(ia)

The theonyms at the Liver of Piacenza
The outer rim of the Piacenza liver is divided into 16 sections; since according to the testimony of
Pliny and Cicero,[citation needed] the Etruscans divided the heavens into 16 astrological houses, it
has been suggested that the liver is supposed to represent a model of the cosmos,

References to TIN - “Tinia” ("day") at the circumference and interior

Tin, the main god of lightning, had his dwelling due north. His principal position at the beginning of
the list at the circumference:[2] may suggest that Tin automatically is the most important sky-god.
The Etruscan word “Tinia” translates as "day", whereas ais > eis is “God”. The ego-pronoun (“I”)
is “mi”.2
The theonyms at the Liver of Piacenza are abbreviated and in many cases, the reading even of the
abbreviation is disputed. As a result, there is a consensus for the interpretation of individual names
only in a small number of cases. The reading given below is that of Morandi (1991) unless
otherwise indicated3.
In the following overview concentrates on an extract of the complete list (which may be found in
the appendix):
Divine Name
1 TIN[IA] /CIL/EN
2 TIN[IA]/ΘVF[VLΘAS]
3 TINS/ΘNEΘ
Table 2 Divine names in the Liver of Piacenza (at the circumference:[2] )

Divine Name Reference no.

20 TINS/ΘVF[VLΘAS] (as no 2)
22 TINS/NEΘ (as no 3?)
25 ΘVNΘ(?)
Table 3 Divine names in the Liver of Piacenza (at the interior)

References to TIVS or TIVR ("Moon") at the bottom of the artefact

Divine Name Reference
1 TIVS (or TIVR "Moon"? [1])
2 usils
Table 4 Divine names in the Liver of Piacenza (at the bottom of the artefact)

This entry may refer to the archaic god who might still be respected in the background.

2 Etruscan Vocabulary
3 beginning in the "north" (the left side in the image shown above) and going clockwise, c.f. Nancy Thomson De
Grummond, Etruscan Myth, Sacred History and Legend (2006), p. 50.
Notes to the theonyms at the Liver of Piacenza
The outer rim of the Piacenza liver is divided into 16 sections; since according to the testimony of
Pliny and Cicero,[citation needed] the Etruscans divided the heavens into 16 astrological houses, it
has been suggested that the liver is supposed to represent a model of the cosmos,
Tin, the main god of lightning, had his dwelling due north. His principal position at the beginning of
the list at the circumference:[2] may suggest that Tin automatically is the most important sky-god.
The Etruscan word “Tinia” translates as "day", whereas ais > eis is “God”. The ego-pronoun (“I”)
is “mi”.4

The theonyms at the Liver of Piacenza are abbreviated and in many cases, the reading even of the
abbreviation is disputed. As a result, there is a consensus for the interpretation of individual names
only in a small number of cases. The reading given below is that of Morandi (1991) unless
otherwise indicated5:
The most important words may be found at the bottom of the artefact:
1 TIVS (or TIVR "Moon"? [1])
2 usils
Table 5 Divine names in the Liver of Piacenza (at the bottom of the artefact)
Therefore I decided to concentrate of the names TUSCA and TIVR as the Etruscan keywords.

The name TIVS or TIVR at the bottom of the Liver of Piacenza

A blog Piacenza Liver and Transliteration Hanky-Panky explains the note [1] as follows:
The above drawing of the inscription makes clear that the word is TIVR, not TIVS, and
if you should be skeptical at all, the real-life photo of the Piacenza Liver will lead you
precisely to the same conclusion; the rho is clear and unmistakable, even in this grainy
photo.

TIUR however is well attested and real:

tiur [PyrT 2.iv; TCort vi] (na.sg.) // tiiurś [TLE 749], tivrs [TLE 181] (gen.sg.) // tiuri-
m [LL 2.iii, 2.xv, 3.xxiii, 4.ii, 5.iv, 8.xxi, 8.xxxv, 9.iii, 9.xi] (loc.sg.)
(LL = Liber Linteus; PyrT = Pyrgi Tablets; TCort = Tabula Cortonensis; TLE =
Testimonia Linguae Etruscae)

According to the Etruscan Vocabulary the word “moon” and the word “month” is translated as
TIUR, which is related to the text at the bottom of the Liver of Piacenza.
TIUR [PyrT 2.iv; TCort vi] (na.sg.) // TIIURŚ [TLE 749], TIVRS [TLE 181]
(gen.sg.) // TIURI-M [LL 2.iii, 2.xv, 3.xxiii, 4.ii, 5.iv, 8.xxi, 8.xxxv, 9.iii, 9.xi] (loc.sg.)
(LL = Liber Linteus; PyrT = Pyrgi Tablets; TCort = Tabula Cortonensis; TLE =
Testimonia Linguae Etruscae).

4 Etruscan Vocabulary
5 beginning in the "north" (the left side in the image shown above) and going clockwise, c.f. Nancy Thomson De
Grummond, Etruscan Myth, Sacred History and Legend (2006), p. 50.
The 5-letter divine names
A number of divine names covers all 5 linguistic categories Linguals - Gutturals - Palatals - Labials
- Dentals. A set of names are 5-letter words, which may be identified as perfect structures, each of
which contains one letter for each linguistic category.
The keywords may be grouped in 4 structures:
1. The DI-family (Sanskrit, Latin, Lithuanian, Latvian): DYAUS, DIOVIS, DIEVAS, DIEVS.
2. The DE–family (Prussian, Sudovian): DEIVUS, DEIWS, DEYWIS, DEIVAS.
3. The TI–family (Norse, English, and Etruscan): TI'WAR, TIWES, TIUR, TIVR, TIV.
4. The TU–family (Germanic, Tuscan) TUSCA(N), TUISCO, TUISTO
This overview suggests the TUSCA(N) and TUISCO are correlating. The “Tuisco”-territory
(Switzerland, Benelux and Germany) may be located next to the TUSCA(N)-territory (Northern
Italy).
Also the Etruscan deities TIUR, TIVR, TIV are related to Norse and English roots TI'WAR,
TIWES.
In an overview these names may be listed according to their structures as follows:
Language
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4
Keyword Keyword Keyword Keyword
DI* DEI* TIW* TU*
1 “Ancient” Territory Sanskrit DYĀŪṢ
Latin 1 DIOVIS
ḌIAVS
Latin 2 DEIVUS
2 Baltic Lithuanian DIEVAS
Latvian DIEVS
3 Prussian Old Prussian DEIWS
DEYWIS
Sudovian DEIVAS
4 GB and Scandinavia Old Norse TI'WAR
Old English TIWES
5 Southern Germany – Southern (?) TUISCO
Northern Italy Germanic TUISTO
Etruscan TIUR, TUSCA(N)
TIVR,
TIV

Table 6 Overview of the 4 types of Keywords 1-4

The name TUISCO, respectively TUISTO
According to Tacitus' Germania the legendary patriarch of all Germanic peoples had been named
Tuisto, which is a derivation of ÞUW (“Tuw”). Tacitus is the only source of these myths. The name
TUISCO, respectively TUISTO, covers all 5 linguistic categories.

The names ETRUSCAN, *TURSCI, TUSCI and TUSCANY

The ETRUSCAN (Etruscan) civilization was a civilization of ancient Italy in the area
corresponding roughly to TUSCANY (Tuscany).

The origin of the name TUSCĪ

The names Tuscī for the Etruscī had been chosen by the Romans.
The Etruscans called themselves Rasenna, which was syncopated to Rasna or Raśna,
[19][20][21] while the ancient Romans referred to the Etruscans as the Tuscī or Etruscī
(singular Tuscus).[22][23] Their Roman name is the origin of the terms "Toscana",
which refers to their heartland, and "Etruria", which can refer to their wider region. 6

The etymology of TUSCI

The etymology of TUSCI is based on a beneficiary phrase in the third Iguvine tablet, which is a
major source for the Umbrian language.[25] The phrase is turskum ... nomen, "the Tuscan name",
from which a root *TURSCI (*Tursci) can be reconstructed.[26]
A metathesis and a word-initial epenthesis produce E-trus-ci.[27] A common hypothesis is that
*Turs- along with Latin turris, "tower", come from Greek τύρσις, "tower".[28]
The TUSCI were therefore the "people who build towers"[28] or "the tower builders".[29] This
venerable etymology is at least as old as Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who said "And there is no
reason that the Greeks should not have called them by this name, both from their living in towers
and from the name of one of their rulers."[30] Giuliano and Larissa Bonfante speculated that
Etruscan houses seemed like towers to the simple Latins.[31] It is true that the Etruscans preferred
to build hill towns on high precipices enhanced by walls.

Tinia as the god of the thunderstorm and lightning

Both early kings of Rome, Numa Pompilius7 (reigned 715–673 BC) and Tullus Hostilius (r. 673–
642 BC) experimented with lightnings, which also belonged to the responsibility of the Etruscan
sky-god Tinia and the Roman sky-god Jupiter (the god of the sky and thunder and king of the gods
in Ancient Roman religion and mythology).
• Numa Pompilius, supported and prepared by Egeria, reportedly held a battle of wits with
Jupiter himself, in an apparition whereby Numa sought to gain a protective ritual against
lightning strikes and thunder.[138]
• Tullus Hostilius reviewed the commentaries of Numa Pompilius and attempted to carry out
sacrifices recommended by him. However, Tullus did not undertake the ceremony to Jupiter
Elicius correctly, and both he and his house were struck by lightning and reduced to ashes as
a result of the anger of Jupiter.

6 Ethnonym and etymology

7 Tullus Hostilius (r. 673–642 BC) was the legendary third king of Rome.
8 Plutarch, "The parallel lives, Numa Pompilius, §XIV" and Ovid Fasti III.
Overview of the 5-letter words starting with a lingual (D, T)
The following table illustrates the derivation of the personal pronouns of the 1 st person singular and
dual.
The vowel core IEU may have been chosen as a core symbol for eternity, which is symbolized by
the length of the phonetic effect in concatenating the long vocals A-I-U respectively A-E-I-O-U.
The cores *aiwi (“forever”) and *aiwō (“law”) both seemed to be based on vowel cores “Iauu”
which also may be found in divine names Dyaus or Diaus, Dieu, Diau(s) and Diou,..
For similar expressions *aiwō, *aiwaz (“law”) the origin is explained as:

From Proto-Germanic *aiwō, *aiwaz (“law”), from Proto-Indo-European *oiw- (“custom,

tradition, law”). Cognate with Old Saxon êo, Old Frisian ewa, êwe, ê, â, Old High German
êwa, êha, êa, ê (German Ehe).

In fact however the 5 letters (2 consonants and 3 vowels) had been chosen as representatives for the
linguistic categories Linguals - Gutturals - Palatals - Labials - Dentals.

Language / Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 "I" (ego) - PIE-root Nominative

Alphabet pronoun(s) name dual forms
Keyword Keyword Keyword Keyword "we two"
DIEVS DEIWS TIWES TUISTO
Sanskrit DYAUS
Latin 1 DIOVIS io, iéu, iou,
iau, yiou, iu,
yo, eu, ...
Latin 2 DEIVUS
Lithuanian DIEVAS àš
Latvian DIEVS es
Old DEIWS es
Prussian DEYWIS es
Sudovian DEIVAS as
Old Norse TI'WAR *TIW vit (vit)
Old TIWES I'g (derived *TIW ƿit (ƿit)
English from Ti'g) →
ic → I (?)
Southern TUISCO I'g (derived *TWI
(?) TUISTO from Ti'g) →
Germanic ic → I (?)
Etruscan TIUR, TUSCA(N) mi
TIVR,
TIV

Table 7: Overview of the 4 types of complete Keywords

The Etruscan entry TUSCA(N) is accompanied by an TIV entry which correlates to the Old-Norse
TI'WAR and the Old English pattern TIWES. This will have to be illustrated in a following chapter.
Overview of the 5-letter words starting with V, J, or G
Another branch of complete 5-letter words is initiated with a labial such as “V” or “W”, which
basically may have been generated from the TIWES-root by reversing the TIW-triad to WIT.
For some peoples the initial labial “W” may have disappeared, which resulted in an deteriorated
divine name VODIN → (V)ODIN.
Maybe the nominative dual forms "we two" vidva, vidve / veʜdve had to be preceded by the
keyword vid to warn the communication-partners that the pronoun's core va belonged to a language
of the VID-family.

Language / Type 5 Type 6 Type 7 Type 8 Type 9 Nominative

Alphabet Keyword Keyword Keyword Keyword Keyword dual forms
VITHAR VODIN JUTES GOThS JEWS "we two"

Futhark ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ-ᚨ-ᚱ
(“f-i-th-a-r")
VITHAR
ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ ᚦ-ᚨ-ᚱ
VIᚦ ThOR
ᚦ-ᚢ-ᚠ ᚱ-ᚨ-ᚦ
TIW, ROD
Slovene VODIN vidva,
vidve/
veʜdve

Germanic (V)ODIN
(W)ODIN

Latvians VIDES
Jutes JUTES
Goths *GUTANS
*GUT-
ÞIUDA
JEW(S) Children of the
Great Name:
IHV
Table 8 Overview of the 4 types of Keywords
Some of the original keywords (such as the VIDES [Latvians], JUTES [→ Jutland], GOThS
[*GUT-ÞIUDA "Gothic people" or *GUTANS (Goth) ], etc.) also had been to designate a people
and/or their language, in which the 5 main symbols for the linguistic categories might have been
specified.
The runic keyword ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ-ᚨ-ᚱ
Compared to the numerous keywords for the peoples' names and their sky-gods' names the first 5
characters of the runic keyword ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ-ᚨ-ᚱ ( “f-i-th-a-r" or VITHAR ) may also be investigated for
the traces of a hidden mythical name. To our surprise the singular name seemed to be composed to
include the following 4 names: ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ ( Viᚦ ), ᚦ-ᚢ-ᚠ ( TIW ), ᚦ-ᚨ-ᚱ ( ThOR ) and ᚱ-ᚨ-ᚦ ( ROD ).
The first two names ( Viᚦ and TIW ) seemed to be the oldest names. The other couple ( ThOR and
ROD ) seems to belong to the later set of additional names. The vowel O may also be interpreted as
an /ɑɑ/ or an /æ/ :
The Younger Futhark corresponding to the Elder Futhark ansuz rune is ᚬ, called óss. It is
transliterated as ą. This represented the phoneme /ɑɑ/, and sometimes /æ/ (also written ᛅ)
and /o/ (also written ᚢ). 9

9 Development in Younger Futhark in Ansuz (rune)

The JEWs as the children of the Great Name: I H V
The JEWS are the children of the Great Name: I H V (the Spirit is first and above these), which
is documented in the Sefer Yetzirah (and Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer
Yetzirah”) reference (chapter 4, paragraph 3)10.
Are the leading consonant D and the trailing consonant S missing in the standard name for the
universal sky-god D-JEW-S?
It must be admitted that JUDAS is to be a complete 5-letter word representing the full range of the
linguistic categories. In fact there are more persons named Judas than one (Judas Iscariot).
Positive figures named Judas mentioned in the New Testament include the prophet
Judas Barsabbas (Acts 15:22-33), Jesus's brother Jude (Mark 6:3; Matt 13:55; Jude 1),
and the apostle Judas the son of James (Luke 6:14-16; Acts 1:13; John 14:22).[13] 11

Sanskrit Latin (& Derivations) Hebrew Staveless

runes
Symbols 8 + 25 + 7 = 40 25 (except "X") 22 15
Vowels 1 Velar A, Ā, A A,E,H,O A, H
Gutturals
2 Palatals I, Ī, E, Ai, E, I I I
3 Retroflex RRi, RR i,
Cerebrale
Linguals
4 Dentals LRRi, LRR i,
5 Labials U, Ū, O, Au, O, U U U

Consonants 1 Velar K, Kh, G, Gh, Ṅ

Gutturals
2 Palatals C, Ch, J, Jh, Ñ C,K,Q,G,J Ch,K,G K
3 Retroflex Ṭ, Ṭh, Ḍ, Ḍh, Ṇ D,L,N,T D,L,N,T, Th Th, N, T, L
Cerebrale
Linguals
4 Dentals T, Th, D, Dh, N Z,R,S Z,R,S, Ts, Sh R,S, (R)

5 Labials P, Ph, B, Bh, M B,M,P, F (→ V,W,Y) B,V,M,Ph F,M,B

Semi-vocals Y, R, L
Sibilants Ś, Ṣ, S
Glottal H
Table 9: Elementa for Sanskrit, Latin, Hebrew and the Staveless runes
(Source: The Roots of the Indo-European Alphabets)

10 The Composition of the Sky- God's Name in PIE-Languages

11 Historicity
The characteristics of the linguistic categories in the “Sefer Yetzirah”
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter
4, paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the
Hebrew alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph
( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [guttural sounds] produced from the depth of the
tongue with the opening of the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial
sounds] made by the release of the lips and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬,
yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by the width of the tongue [against the
palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬,
tau (‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of]
sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental sounds]
produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.”12

Listing these 22 letters in a hierarchical overview I noticed the name DIAVS as a set of
representative letters for the 5 categories: the lingual D, the palatal I, the guttural A, the labial V,
and the dental S.13

# Hierarchical structure of the Hebrew Alphabet

0 The Great Name: I H V - the Spirit is first and above these,
1 Mem (water) (M) Aleph (air) (Æ) Shin (fire) (S)
is mute is the Mediator is a sibilant 14
(‫מ‬, M) – Labial 1 (‫א‬, A) - Guttural 1 (‫ש‬, Sh) – Dental 1
2 Taw (T) Dalet (D) Pe (Ph) Bet (B) Kaph (Ch) Gimel (G) Resh R
Monday Tuesday Friday Saturday Sunday Thursday Wednesday
/Moon /Mars /Venus /Saturn /Sun /Jupiter /Mercury
(‫ת‬, Th) (‫ד‬, D) (‫פ‬, Ph) (‫ב‬, B) (‫כ‬, Ch) (‫ג‬, G) (‫ר‬, R)
Lin. 1 Lin. 2 Lab. 2 Lab. 3 Pal. 1 Pal. 2 Dent. 2
Left ear Left eye Left nose Mouth Right nose Right eye Right ear
(balance)
3 Enemies Friends Animators Destroyers
liver, gall & tongue the heart and 2 ears 2 nostrils & the milt mouth & 2 openings of the body
Teth Lamedh Nun He Heth Ayin Waw Yodh Qoph Zayin Samekh Tsade
(T) (L) (N) (Ε) (H) (Gh) (V) (I) (K) (Z) (S) (Ts)
origin
‫ט‬, ‫ל‬, ‫נ‬, ‫ה‬, ‫ח‬, ‫ע‬, ‫ו‬, ‫י‬, ‫ק‬, ‫ז‬, ‫ס‬, ‫צ‬,
T L N E H Gh V I K Z S Ts
Lin. Lin. Lin. Gutt. Gutt. Gutt. Lab. Pal. Pal. Dent. Dent. Dent.
3 4 5 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 5

Table 10 Hierarchical structure in the Sefer Yetzirah ( public domain version )

12 Footnote 6 in Modern Hebrew phonology - Wikipedia

13 The History of Designing an Alphabet
14 In phonetics, sibilants are fricative consonants of higher amplitude and pitch, made by directing a stream of air with
the tongue towards the teeth.[1] Examples of sibilants are the consonants at the beginning of the English words sip,
zip, ship, and genre.
The Slavs
Around 700AD the Slavs (including the Sorbs15) occupied a virtually empty forest territory between
the rivers Elbe and Oder16. The territory between both rivers was to become a transit area between
the German and Slavic languages.
Originally the name “Slaves” had been derived from The Slavic word “*slȍvo” (słowo : “Word”)17.
The word for the Germans is Njeminski or Nemški („German“, respectively: „mute“).
In 800AD the Franconian empire under Charlemagne overcomes the Saxony and concentrates on
the conquest of the Slavic tribes between the rivers Elbe and Oder. Henry I leads the Saxon army to
the conquest of the Slavic territories to protect the area against the Magyars.
The mayor enemies of the Franconian empire and Charlemagne carried a core “Wit” in their name
such as18:
1. the last Visigothic king Wittiza (693-702/703) of a united Hispania,
2. the Saxon duke Widukind and
3. the Slav leader Witzan (Witzlaus).
From 900AD at Cape Arcona (Rügen) the deity Svantevit has been honored in a temple area of 300
x 350 square m, of which already 90% has disappeared in the sea (58:00). In the 10 th century the
Saxons conquer the southern part of the territory between the Elbe and Oder.
In 1150AD the fortress Brandenburg at the center of the Slavic territory is inherited to a Christian
leader (the Saxon Albrecht the Bear). Jaxa of Köpenick, who is the ruler of the Kopenick borough,
prepares to conquer the fortress Brandenburg. In 1157AD the Slavs conquer the fortress of
Brandenburg.
Soon however Albrecht the Bear reconquers the Brandenburg, from where the missionaries organize
the Christening of the heathen Slavic population.
On 15 June 1168 the temple fortress at Cape Arcona (Rügen) was taken after four weeks of siege,
when the attackers succeeded by day, in starting a fire at an unobserved point, which the defenders
of the castle could not put out due to a shortage of water. The temple was then destroyed, the
Svetovid statue chopped up and burned.

Krodo
Jacob Grimm documents some references to Krodo, but is suspicious for their seriousness. Krodo
may be a Saxon deity, but also there may have been a Slavic deity Krodo or Rod, or even Radigast
(related to Mercury and Wuotan) which either had been borrowed from the Slavs or borrowed to the
Slavs19.
Bothe's Sassenchronik (Leibn. 3, 286) relates under the year 780, that King Charles,
during his conquest of the East Saxons, overthrew on the Hartesburg an idol similar to
Saturn (Kronos), which the people called Krodo20.

15 Sorbs traditionally speak the Sorbian languages (also known as "Wendish" and "Lusatian"), closely related to the
Polish, Kashubian, Czech and Slovak.[5] Sorbian is an officially recognized minority language in Germany. Sorbs
are linguistically and genetically closest to the Czechs and Poles.
16 Source (in German) Die Slawen - Unsere geheimnisvollen Vorfahren | MDR Geschichte
17 Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/slovo - - From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ślawas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléwos
(“fame”).
18 The Unification of Medieval Europe
19 A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
20 Page 139 in Grimm's Teutonic Mythology - Scribd (1888) labeled (26)
Rod (“Root”)
In the early religion of the Slavs, the god of the sky was *Deiwos[7] or *Div,[8][7][9]
but then he was replaced by Rod. *Deiwos was the same as the Proto-Indo-European
*Dyeus (cf. Sanskrit Deva, Latin deus ("god"), Greek Zeus, Old High German Tiwaz,
Lithuanian Dievs).[10]

Rod is an indirect, Slavic successor of the Indo-European god *Dyeus, who was "Lord of Gods",
"Lord of Heaven", "King of Gods". First haircut (postriziny) was dedicated to him, where he and
rozhanitsy were given a meal and cut hair.[2] His cult lost its importance and in the ninth or tenth
century he was replaced by Perun, Svarog and/or Svetevid, which would explain his absence in the
pantheon of Vladimir the Great.[3][4][5].
Rod's name is confirmed in Old Church Slavonic and Old East Slavic sources about pre-
Christian religion. The name is derived from the Proto-Slavic word *rodъ meaning
"family", "birth", "harvest", "genus", "nature", and this word is derived from the Proto-
Indo-European root *wréh₂ds meaning "root"21.

The keyword “Crodo” or “Rod” in the Futhark Alphabet

The name “Rod” is equivalent to the Latin root “RADIX” (“root”), which is cognate to English:
radish, German: “Radieschen” and Dutch: “radijs”.
The essay Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo checks the correlations between the keyword “Crodo” or
“Rod” in the Futhark Alphabet, the Saxon god "Krodo", the deity Rod in the Chronica Slavorum
and a number of correlating names in the aristocratic Merovingian dynasty such as Chrodechilde,
Radegund, Chrodoald, Chrodoswintha, Chrodoberga, Chrodield and Chrodobert.
“Crodo” or “Rod” is one of the four keywords “VIT”, “TIW”, “ThOR” and “(Ch)ROD”, which
may be decoded from the leading runic words “ᚠᚢᚦ” , “ᚦᚩᚱᚳ“ and “ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ” in the Futhark Alphabet
and also is found in Slavic mythology. Rod is cognate to the English word and the Latin word
“RAD” for “root” and the origin of mankind.
Runes were called VIThA by the West SLAVS, which is a genitive of *vid or *vit meaning "image"
or "side", "facet". This may also support the translation “Vith” for “ᚠᚢᚦ”, “Vitha” (for “ᚠᚢᚦᚩ”) and
“Vithark” for “ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ”. Probably the Slavic language seems to have been a champion in preserving
the symbolism of the “vitha” (runic symbols).
"Krodo" seems to be represented in the names of the aristocratic Merovingian dynasty. The List of
Frankish kings specifies a few “(Ch)ROD”-names such as Chrodechilde (474 AD), Radegund (520
AD), Chrodoald (555 AD), Chrodoswintha (567 AD), Chrodoberga (567 AD), Chrodield (~590),
Chrodinus (†582 AD), and Chrodobert (631 AD). Therefore aristocratic Merovingian dynasty may
have been based on a deity named “Chrodo” as an equivalent for the planet Saturn (Kronos)22.

21 Source: Name Rod (Slavic Religion)

22 Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
The categorization of the universal Keyword “MITRA”
The theory of the keywords composed from representative symbols form the 5 linguistic categories
Linguals, Gutturals, Palatals, Labials, Dentals also should have to be found in the Old Persian
alphabet. The keyword name “MITRA” is not restricted to Old Persian, but also covers three other
languages, which might indicate MITRA's universality.
The divine names DYĀŪṢ, ḌIAVS and MITRA share the symbolism of the 5 linguistic categories
Linguals, Gutturals, Palatals, Labials, Dentals in the PIE-languages and Hebrew.
A remarkable difference between the European and Indian languages is the categorical switch
between Dentals ↔ Linguals which is identifiable in the transits D ↔ Ḍ and Ṣ ↔ S in DYĀŪṢ ↔
ḌIAVS.

The university (4 religions) of “MITRA”

This chapter is concentrating on the keyword “MITRA”, which is found in 4 distinct religions:
According to another historian of Mithraism, John R. Hinnells: "The god is unique in
being worshipped in four distinct religions: Hinduism (as MITRA), in Iranian
Zoroastrianism and Manicheism (as MIThRA), and in the Roman Empire (as
MIThRAS)." [2123]

The spelling of “MITRA”

Mithra however may have been an indeclinable foreign word, which could not be spelled as
“Mithras” with an “s”. The twofold usage of dental letters Th and S (in MIThRAS) would disturb
the Noble Phonetic Quintet.
The exact form of a Latin or classical Greek word varies due to the grammatical process
of declension. There is archaeological evidence that in Latin worshipers wrote the
nominative form of the god's name as "Mithras". However, in Porphyry's Greek text De
Abstinentia (Περὶ αποχης εμψγχων), there is a reference to the now-lost histories of the
Mithraic mysteries by Euboulus and Pallas, the wording of which suggests that these
authors treated the name "Mithra" as an indeclinable foreign word.[13] 24

The earliest evidence of Mithra in Asia Minor

The earliest evidence of Mithra in Asia Minor is documented in 1400BCE.
In the inscribed peace treaty of c. 1400 BC between Hittites and the Hurrian kingdom of
the Mitanni in the area southeast of Lake Van in Armenian Highlands, the form mi-it-ra-
appears as the name of a god invoked together with four other divinities as witnesses
and keepers of the pact.[1125] Robert Turcan describes this inscription as "the earliest
evidence of Mithras in Asia Minor".[10][12]
23 Hinnells, John R. (1990), "Introduction: the questions asked and to be asked", in Hinnells, John R. (ed.), Studies in
Mithraism, Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider, p. 11
24 Gordon, Richard L. (1978). "The date and significance of CIMRM 593 (British Museum, Townley Collection".
Journal of Mithraic Studies II: 148–174.. p. 160: "The usual western nominative form of Mithras' name in the
mysteries ended in -s, as we can see from the one authentic dedication in the nominative, recut over a dedication to
Sarapis (463, Terme de Caracalla), and from occasional grammatical errors such as deo inviato Metras (1443). But it
is probable that Euboulus and Pallas at least used the name Mithra (MIThRA) as an indeclinable (ap. Porphyry,
De abstinentia II.56 and IV.16)."
25 Thieme, Paul (1960), "The 'Aryan' Gods of the Mitanni Treaties", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 80.4.
pp. 301-317.
The Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
Although based on a logo-syllabic prototype, all vowels but short /a/ are written and so the system
is essentially an alphabet26.
In the Indian languages the characters are classified according to their Phonetic location from the
lungs (1) to the labials (5). A similar sorting also seems to be used in the Old Persian cuneiform
alphabet. The following list sketches an overview of the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet, which
basically contains 3 symbols for each consonant. The Old Persian alphabet applies a genuine
ternary system.The script encodes three vowels, a, i, u, and twenty-two consonants, k, x, g, c, ç, j, t,
θ, d, p, f, b, n, m, y, v, r, l, s, z, š, and h. Old Persian contains two sets of consonants: those whose
shape depends on the following vowel and those whose shape is independent of the following
vowel.

1: Signs in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet

Notes from Alphabetic properties in Old Persian cuneiform alphabet (condensed information):
Thirteen out of twenty-two consonants are invariant, regardless of the following vowel (that is, they
are alphabetic), while only six have a distinct form for each consonant-vowel combination (that is,
they are syllabic), and among these, only d and m occur in three forms for all three vowels. The
letters k, g do not occur before i, and j, v do not occur before u, so these consonants only have two
forms each. Sometimes medial long vowels are written with a y or v, as in Semitic. Diphthongs are
written by mismatching consonant and vowel: dai, or sometimes, in cases where the consonant does
not differentiate between vowels, by writing the consonant and both vowel components: cišpaiš. In
addition, three consonants, t, n, and r, are partially syllabic, having the same form before a and i, and
a distinct form only before u.

Mithra in Old-Persian scripture

According to Wikipedia's entry the word Mithra is a 5-letter word in Avestan transcribed as
MIΘRA, and a 3-letter word in Old Persian):

2 Old Persian: Mi-th-ra (Mi-Θ-Ra ( Mi-Th-Ra ))

Old Avestan is quite close in grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-
Aryan language.
In Avestan the spelling MIΘRA might have resulted in a 5-letter word MIΘRA.

26 Signs in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet

The 7 triads of the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
In Old Persian the consonants are specified (and categorized) as follows27:
Labials Dentals/Alveolar Palatals Velar Glottal
Nasal M N
Plosive P B T D K G
Fricative F Θ X H
Affricate T
TS T
TƩ DƷ T
Sibilant S Z Ʃ
Rhotic R
Approximant L J W
Table 11 The Consonants in Old Persian (Source: Phonology in Old Persian )
One cuneiform symbol had been inherited from the Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform, which probably
should be isolated from the dominant triads.
Old Persian cuneiform for the letter L is loosely inspired by the Sumero-Akkadian
cuneiform; however, only one glyph is directly derived from it - l(a) (?), from la (?). (la
did not occur in native Old Persian words, but was found in Akkadian borrowings.) 28

By isolating the L the architecture improves substantially. In the reorganized Old Persian alphabet
we may identify 7 triads. The script contains three vowels, a, i, u, and twenty-two consonants, k, x,
g, c, ç, j, t, θ, d, p, f, b, n and m, y, v, r, L, s, z, ś, and h. Four triads are homogeneous sets of
identical categories and the other 3 triads are sets of different categories.
In the upper line the symbols A, Ī, Θ, M, R describe the categorization of the Old Persian name
MiΘRa ( MiThRa ).

Triad 1 Triad 2 Triad 3 Triad 4 Triad 5 Triad 6 Triad 7

Velar Dentals Semi-
Palatals Labials Nasals Sibilants
Vowels Gutturals Alveolar vocals L
C, Ç, J P, F, B N&M S, Z, Ś Glottal
K, X, G T, Θ, D Y, V, R
Θ Mi Ra
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
k- x- g- c- ç- j- t- θ- d- p- f- b- n- m- y- v- r- l- s- z- š- h-
K X G C Ç J T Θ D P F B N M Y V R L S Z Š H
X C Ç Θ P F B Y L S Z Š H
K- G- J- T- D- N- M- V- R-
-(A) K G J T D N M V R
-Ī — — Ji Ti Di Ni Mi Vi Ri
-Ū Ku Gu — Tu Du Nu Mu — Ru
Table 12 The Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
The abundant usage of triads in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet is a fine proof how good the
Old-Persian language completes the optimizing process towards a multiple combination of ternary
systems.

27 Phonology in Old Persian

28 History (Old Persian cuneiform)
Overview of the Sanskrit, Persian, Latin, Hebrew and Runic alphabets
The following linguistic categorization of the Old Persian symbols may be inserted in the overview
of several mayor alphabets, which illustrated the minor (and probably irrelevant) differences in the
categorization of the phonemes.
1. The alphabetic pattern starts with the initial triad of vowels a, i, u
2. followed by a second triad (of gutturals): k, x, g.
3. A third triad (of palatals) contains c, ç, j.
4. A fourth triad (of dentals) contains t, θ, d.
5. A fifth triad (of labials) contains p, f, b.
6. A duo (of nasals) contains n and m.
7. A sixth triad (of Semi-vocals) are specified as y, v, r,
8. The inherited letter L
9. A seventh triad (of Sibilants) contains s, z, ś.
10. The last letter is the glottal h.
The categorization and sorting of Sanskrit and Old Persian may be considered as a genuine
correlation:
Sanskrit Old Persian Latin (& Hebrew Staveless
Derivations) runes
Symbols 8 + 25 + 7 = 40 6 + 22 25 (except "X") 22 15
Vowels 1 Velar A, Ā, A, Ā A A,E,H,O A, H
Gutturals
2 Palatals I, Ī, E, Ai, I, Ī E, I I I
3 Retroflex RRi, RR i,
Cerebrale
Linguals
4 Dentals LRRi, LRR i,
5 Labials U, Ū, O, Au, U, Ū O, U U U
Conso- 1 Velar K, Kh, G, Gh, Ṅ K, X, G
nants Gutturals
2 Palatals C, Ch, J, Jh, Ñ C, Ç, J C,K,Q,G,J Ch,K,G K
3 Retroflex Ṭ, Ṭh, Ḍ, Ḍh, Ṇ D,L,N,T D,L,N,T, Th, N, T, L
Cerebrale Th
Linguals
4 Dentals T, Th, D, Dh, N T, Θ, D, N Z,R,S Z,R,S, Ts, R,S, (R)
Sh
5 Labials P, Ph, B, Bh, M P, F, B, M B,M,P, B,V,M,Ph F,M,B
F (→ V,W,Y)
Semi- Y, R, L Y, V, R, L
vocals
Sibilants Ś, Ṣ, S S, Z, Ś (?)
Glottal H H
Reference DYAUS DIĀŪṢ ḌIAVS IHV FIThAR

Table 13 Overview of the Sanskrit, Persian, Latin, Hebrew and Runic alphabets
A remarkable difference between the European and Indian languages is the categorical switch
between Dentals ↔ Linguals which is identifiable in the transits D ↔ Ḍ (and Ṣ ↔ S in the
(Sanskrit respectively Latin) version DIĀŪṢ ↔ ḌIAVS.
Overview of the incomplete 5-letter words with a lingual D, Z, T
A great number of languages may have started with complete 5-letter words, but lost a more of less
respectable number of letters. Usually these losses also modified the structures of the personal
pronouns. The following table illustrates how the deterioration may have proceeded. Only a few
series of deterioration may be listed:
Language / Key Key Key Key Key Key Key Keys Keys "I" (ego)
Alphabet DIOS DIUS DEUS DIEU DIOU DZEU DIA Z* TIV*
DIO DYU DEU DJU ZEUS
DIU DÈO DIU ZIISCh
DIÈ ZIU
Spanish DIOS YO
Italian DIO IO
Savoye DYU DE
(central)
Sicily DIU IU
Latin DEUS EGO
Portugal DEU EU
Romania
Logudorese DÉU(S) DÈO
Sardinian
Provencal DIÉU IÉU
French DIEU JE
Walloon DIU, DJI
DJU,
DIÈ
Nîmes DÏOU YIOU
Villar-St- DIOU IÒU
Pancrace (?) MË
Savoye DZEU DZOU
(Montagny)
Rumantsch DIA IA
(Surmiran)
Eischemtöi ZIISCH IICH
tschu
Old High ZIU IH
German
Greek ZEUS EGO
Etruscan TIUR, MI
TIVR,
TIV

Table 14 Deterioration of the words from The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Person

These variants clearly illustrate the spreading of the naming and derivations of the divine names.
Notes to the overview of the incomplete 5-letter words
• The divine names ZIISCH respectively ZIU illustrates the derivation of the ego-pronoun
IICH and IH.
• Antoine Hippolyte Bigot (1825 - 1897) wrote an interesting and beautiful poem in
Provencal, or to be more precise: the dialect of the city of Nîmes. The dialect proves the
correlation between the ego-pronouns (“yiou”, respectively “mïou”) and the divine name
(“Dïou”) which are contrasting to the Occitan versions “iéu” respectively “Diéu” as they
have been found in Frédéric Mistral's Mirèio).29
• The “Dïou”-spelling directly seems to refer to *Diou-piter, the PIE-root for Jupiter. Diou has
also been found in the dialect of Villar-St-Pancrace where the ego-pronouns are iòu më,
respectively m’ iòu 30
• The Savoyan words are documented in The Ego-pronouns and Divine Names in Savoy
French Dialects.

29 “Yiou” & “Dïou” in the dialect of Nimes – from: The Masking Language Old-Greek
30 Patois of Villar-St-Pancrace (for the moment this site unfortunately seems to have been lost) :
Personal pronouns: (Cas sujet Cas régime atone tonique direct indirect)
Sg. 1°p a (l’) iòu më, m’ iòu 2°p tü, t’ të, t’ tü 3°p M u(l), al ei(l) së lu ei F eilo la eilo N o, ul, la - lu - Pl. 1°p nû* nû*
2°p òû* vû* vû* 3°p M î(z) së lû* iè F eilâ (eilaz) lâ* eilâ
A Dictionary of “Noble Phonetic Quintets”
In PIE-languages the symbols may be categorized according to their linguistic categories Linguals,
Gutturals, Palatals, Labials, Dentals.
A few Languages may have conserved some of their original cores such as DYAUS, DIOVIS,
DIEVAS, DIEVS, DEIVUS, DEIWS, DEYWIS, DEIVAS, TI'WAR, TIWES, TUISCO, TUISTO.
These code-words contain the most important representatives of all linguistic categories.
In analogy to the noble gases with a "full" outer shell of valence electrons we may define the words
with a “full” quintet (5-set) of representative linguistic categories “noble 31 phonetic quintet32”. The
following lists are composed from the analysis in The Model of a Language as a Communication
Link.
The dictionary is structured in several lists to illustrate the diversity of the DIE*-, TIW*-, VIT*-,
VOD*-, VID*-, JUT*-, JEW*-, etc. families.

The DIE*-, TIW*-Families

Language Sort-key Noble Phonetic Quintets
Sanskrit DIE* DYAUS
Latin 1 DIE* DIOVIS
Latin 2 DEI* DEIVUS

Lithuanian DIE* DIEVAS

Latvian DIE* DIEVS

Old Prussian DEI* DEIWS

DEYWIS
Sudovian DEI* DEIVAS

Old Norse TIW* TI'WAR

Old English TIW* TIWES

Southern (?) TU* TUISCO

Germanic TUISTO
TU* TUSCA(N)
Etruscan TIU* TIUR, TIVR, TIV

Table 15 Noble Phonetic DIE*-, TIW*-Quintets

31 The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the
radioactive radon (Rn).
32 A quintet is a group containing five members. It is commonly associated with musical groups, such as a string
quintet, or a group of five singers, but can be applied to any situation where five similar or related objects are
considered a single unit.
The VIT*-, VOD*-, VID*-, JUT*-, JEW*-, etc. families.
The dictionary is structured in several lists to illustrate the diversity of the DIE*-, TIW*-, VIT*-,
VOD*-, VID*-, JUT*-, JEW*-, etc. families.
Language Sort-key Noble Phonetic Quintets

Futhark VITHAR ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ-ᚨ-ᚱ

(“f-i-th-a-r")
VITHAR
VITHAR ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ ᚦ-ᚨ-ᚱ
VIᚦ ThOR
VITHAR ᚦ-ᚢ-ᚠ ᚱ-ᚨ-ᚦ
TIW, ROD
Slovene VODIN VODIN

Germanic VODIN (V)ODIN

(W)ODIN

Latvians VIDES VIDES

Jutes JUTES JUTES
Goths GOThS *GUTANS
*GUT-
ÞIUDA
Jews JEWS Children of the Great Name:
IHV
Table 16 Noble Phonetic VIT*-, VOD*-, VID*-, JUT*-, JEW*--Quintets
The Search of archaic Phonetic Quintets
The analysis also concentrated on the search of the most archaic evidence for the roots of the noble
phonetic quintets, which may have lead to D Y Ā Ū Ṣ and/or Ḍ I A V S. Unfortunately the
cuneiform scriptures do not really present clear evidence for noble phonetic quintets.
One of the suitable elements were the words DIĜIR, Varuṇa and Marduk, but the linguistic
categorization of the letters seems to be unreliable.
According to Mircea Eliade's Patterns in Comparative Religion we do not know what name the
primordial sky god was named in the Iranian languages. The divinity Zarathustra attempted to
transfigure, placing him at the heart of his religious reform, was called Ahura Mazda, “Lord
Wisdom”, “Omniscient”33.
In Hinduism, Iranian Zoroastrianism and Manicheism, and the Roman Empire a common deity
Mitra may have been based on the Noble Phonetic Quintets such as MIΘRA, DYĀŪṢ and ḌIAVS.

Language Name Short Name Noble Phonetic Quintets Incomplete sets

Sumerian DIĜIR DIĜIR DIĜIR
DIŊIR DIŊIR
DIṄIR DIṄIR
Sumerian Emesal pronun- DIMER DIMER
ciation DIĜIR
Mesopotamia/ Marduk MARDUK MARDUK (Latin) MARDUK
Babylon MERŌDAK (Tiberian) (Old Persian)
Vedic scripture Varuṇa VARUNA VARUNA
BARUṆA BARUṆA
Mitra, Mithra and Mithras

Hinduism Mitra

Iranian Mithra Mi-Θ-Ra

Zoroastrianism MIΘRA
Mi-Θ-Ra
and MIThRA ( Mi-Th-Ra )
Manicheism MIΘRA
Roman Empire Mithras MIThRA

Comparative Noble Phonetic Quintets in Sanskrit, Hebrew & Latin

Sanskrit Dyauṣ DYĀŪṢ DYĀŪṢ
Hebrew / Latin Ḍyaus Ḍ IAVS Ḍ IAVS
Table 17 Old-Persian Phonetic Quintets compared to the Sanskrit and Hebrew / Latin keywords

33 Page 72 in Patterns in Comparative Religion by (1958) by Mircea Eliade

Conclusion
From a technical viewpoint languages may be considered as standard communication systems
between partners, which may be analyzed for their coding systems, symbols, efficiency and
standards such as alphabets and synchronization systems.
In PIE-languages the symbols may be categorized according to their linguistic categories Dental,
Guttural, Lingual, Palatal, Labial.
A few Languages may have conserved some of their original cores such as DYAUS, DIOVIS,
DIEVAS, DIEVS, DEIVUS, DEIWS, DEYWIS, DEIVAS, TI'WAR, TIWES, TUISCO, TUISTO.
These code-words contain the most important representatives of all linguistic categories.
In analogy to the noble gases with a "full" outer shell of valence electrons we may define the words
with a “full” quintet (5-set) of representative linguistic categories “noble phonetic quintet”. Most
languages however may have lost parts of their noble keywords by deterioration.
Although our knowledge of Etruscan language is rather scarce we may check the Tuscan dictionary
for equivalent cores, which may fit in the list of the PIE-keywords.
The List of Etruscan mythological figures contains a number of relevant names TIUR, TIVR, TIV,
TUSCA(N), which correlate to a neighboring language-family in the words TI'WAR, TIWES,
TUISCO and TUISTO.
In Old Persian cuneiform scripture the name “Mitra” is spelled as (Mi-Θ-Ra) and in Avestan,
Sanskrit (Hinduism) and in Latin as MIT(h)RA, which includes all 5 standard categories Dental,
Guttural, Lingual, Palatal, Labial in one word.
Some of the original keywords (such as VIDES [Latvians], JUTES [→ Jutland], GOThS [*GUT-
ÞIUDA "Gothic people" or *GUTANS (Goths)], etc.) also inspired the people to use the keyword to
compose a king's name, a people's name and/or their language, in which the 5 representative
symbols for the linguistic categories are specified.
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
The radix economy for alphabets.....................................................................................................2
The 5 subsystems for articulatory phonetics....................................................................................2
An analysis of the Etruscan Deities......................................................................................................3
Overview of the relevant Etruscan Deities .....................................................................................3
Tinia ...........................................................................................................................................3
Tiur, Tivr, Tiv..............................................................................................................................3
The theonyms at the Liver of Piacenza............................................................................................4
References to TIN - “Tinia” ("day") at the circumference and interior......................................4
References to TIVS or TIVR ("Moon") at the bottom of the artefact.........................................4
Notes to the theonyms at the Liver of Piacenza...............................................................................5
The name TIVS or TIVR at the bottom of the Liver of Piacenza ..............................................5
The 5-letter divine names.....................................................................................................................6
The name TUISCO, respectively TUISTO......................................................................................7
The names ETRUSCAN, *TURSCI, TUSCI and TUSCANY........................................................7
The origin of the name TUSCĪ....................................................................................................7
The etymology of TUSCI............................................................................................................7
Tinia as the god of the thunderstorm and lightning....................................................................7
Overview of the 5-letter words starting with a lingual (D, T)..............................................................8
Overview of the 5-letter words starting with V, J, or G........................................................................9
The runic keyword ᚠ-ᚢ-ᚦ-ᚨ-ᚱ..........................................................................................................10
The JEWs as the children of the Great Name: I H V.....................................................................11
The characteristics of the linguistic categories in the “Sefer Yetzirah”....................................12
The Slavs........................................................................................................................................13
Krodo........................................................................................................................................13
Rod (“Root”).............................................................................................................................14
The keyword “Crodo” or “Rod” in the Futhark Alphabet.........................................................14
The categorization of the universal Keyword “MITRA”...................................................................15
The university (4 religions) of “MITRA”......................................................................................15
The spelling of “MITRA”..............................................................................................................15
The earliest evidence of Mithra in Asia Minor..............................................................................15
The Old Persian cuneiform alphabet.............................................................................................16
Mithra in Old-Persian scripture.................................................................................................16
The 7 triads of the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet..................................................................17
Overview of the Sanskrit, Persian, Latin, Hebrew and Runic alphabets ......................................18
Overview of the incomplete 5-letter words with a lingual D, Z, T....................................................20
Notes to the overview of the incomplete 5-letter words ...............................................................21
A Dictionary of “Noble Phonetic Quintets”......................................................................................22
The DIE*-, TIW*-Families............................................................................................................22
The VIT*-, VOD*-, VID*-, JUT*-, JEW*-, etc. families.............................................................23
The Search of archaic Phonetic Quintets.......................................................................................24
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................25
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................27
Appendix 1 – Notes to the Liver of Piacenza ...............................................................................27
The divine names at the circumference of the Liver of Piacenza ............................................27
The divine names at the interior : numbers 17-40....................................................................28
The divine names at the bottom : numbers 1-2........................................................................28
Appendix 2 – Published papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd...................................29
Appendices

Appendix 1 – Notes to the Liver of Piacenza

The divine names at the circumference of the Liver of Piacenza

The divine names at the circumference:[2] (numbers 1-16) are:
Divine Name
1 tin[ia] /cil/en
2 tin[ia]/θvf[vlθas]
3 tins/θneθ
4 uni/mae uni/ea (Juno?)
5 tec/vm (Cel? Tellus?)
6 lvsl
7 neθ[uns] (Neptunus)
8 caθ[a] (Luna?[3])
9 fuflu/ns (Bacchus)
10 selva (Silvanus)
11 leθns
12 tluscv
13 celsc
14 cvl alp
15 vetisl (Veiovis?)
16 cilensl
Table 18 Divine names in the Liver of Piacenza (at the circumference:[2] )
The divine names at the interior : numbers 17-40
The divine names at the interior ( numbers 17-40 ) are:
Divine Name Reference no. Reference god
17 tur[an] (Venus)
18 leθn (as no 11)
19 la/sl (Lares?)
20 tins/θvf[vlθas] (as no 2)
21 θufl/θas
22 tins/neθ (as no 3?)
23 caθa (as no 8)
24 fuf/lus (as no 9)
25 θvnθ(?)
26 marisl/latr
27 leta (Leda)
28 neθ (as no 7)
29 herc[le]
30 mar[is] (Mars)
31 selva (as no 10)
32 leθa[m]
33 tlusc (as no12)
34 lvsl/velch (Hercules)
35 satr/es (Saturnus)
36 cilen (as no 16)
37 leθam (as no 32)
38 meθlvmθ
39 mar[is] (as no 30)
40 tlusc (as no 12)
Table 19 Divine names in the Liver of Piacenza (at the interior)

The divine names at the bottom : numbers 1-2

The most important words may be found at the bottom of the Liver of Piacenza:
Divine Name Reference god
1 TIVS (or TIVR "Moon"? [1])
2 usils
Table 20 Divine names in the Liver of Piacenza (at the bottom of the artefact)
Therefore I decided to concentrate of the names TUSCA and TIVR as the Etruscan keywords.
Appendix 2 – Published papers of J. Richter at Academia .edu and Scribd
The (approximately) 150 following papers are sorted according to the initial upload date34 :
• The Model of a Language as a Communication Link (Scribd)
• The Roots of the Indo-European Alphabets (12.5.2020)
• Samenvatting van "The Alphabet as an Elementary Document"
• The Alphabet as an Elementary Document
• The Origin of the Name Dyaus
• De oorsprong van de naam Diaus
• The History of Designing an Alphabet (Scribd)
• Een architectuur voor de PIE-talen (Scribd)
• An Architecture for the PIE-Languages
• A Suggested Restoration of the 'Futhark'-Sequence (Scribd)
• The Composition of the Sky- God's Name in PIE-Languages
• The Ternary Codes in Language and Creation (Scribd)
• The Role of Saussure's Letter "E"
• The Optimal Number of Vowels in Languages (Scribd)
• A Ternary Encoding to Optimize Communications and Cooperation

◦ A Golden Box to Control the Lightnings

◦ The Ancient Lightning Rods around the Mediterranean Sea
◦ Die ältesten Blitz(ab)leiter am Mittelmeer (Scribd)
◦ Pyramids in the Role as Power Plants
◦ Piramides als energiecentrales (Scribd)
◦ The Role of the Pyramids in Melting Glass and Meta... (Scribd)
◦ The Egyptian Drilling Technology (Scribd)

• The Architecture of the Younger Futhark Alphabet

• The Sources for the IΩ- Pronouns
• Notes to Herodotus' Histories of IΩ, Europa and Medea

◦ The Role of Irrigation and Drainage in a Successful Civilisation

◦ De rol van de irrigatie en drainage in een succesv... (Scribd)
◦ Notes to Frazer's "Pausanias's Description of Greece"
◦ The Initials of European Philosophy
◦ Atlantis vormde 3400 jaar geleden een Helleens Delta-project
◦ The War against Atlantis

• The "Ego"-Root inside the Name "Thebes"

• The Role of the AEtts in the Futharc Alpabet
• The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy
• Traces of an old religion (The Root "Wit" in Wittekind)
• Woden (Wuþ) as the Designer and Author of the Futhark Alphabet
• Is the Core "Wut" in "Wutach" symbolizing "Wutan" ("Woden")
• The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
• Simon Stevin's Redefinition of Scientific Arts
• Simon Stevin's definitie van wetenschappelijk onderz
34 https://independent.academia.edu/JoannesRichter, respectively https://independent.academia.edu/richterJoannes
• De etymologie van de woorden met Wit-, Wita en Witan-kernen
• The "Vit"-Roots in the Anglo-Saxon Pedigree
• The Traces of "Wit" in Saxony
• King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic
alphabet and at the end (WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet
• Aan het slot (WIJZAE) van het Deense alfabet en aan het begin ("Futha") van het
runenalfabet bevinden zich de letters (ΔΘZΨ) van koning Chilperik I
• The Role of the Ligature AE in the European Creation Legend
• A Concept for a Runic Dictionary
• Concentrating the Runes in the Runic Alphabets
• Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
• De sleutelwoorden van het Futhark alfabet
• The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet
• Het runenboek met het unieke woord Tiw
• A short Essay about the Evolution of European Personal Pronouns
• The Evolution of the European Personal Pronouns
• De miraculeuze transformatie van de Europese samenleving
• The Miraculous Transformation of European Civilization
• The Duality in Greek and Germanic Philosophy
• Bericht van de altaarschellist over de Lof der Zotheid
• De bronnen van Brabant (de Helleputten aan de Brabantse breuklijnen)
• De fundamenten van de samenleving
• De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van Nederland
• De etymologie van "wijst" en "wijstgrond"
• The Antipodes Mith and With
• The Role of the Dual Form in the Evolution of European Languages
• De rol van de dualis in de ontwikkeling der Europese talen
• The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French
• Synthese van de Germanistische & Griekse mythologie en etymologie
• De restanten van de dualis in het Nederlands, Engels en Duits
• Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
• The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
• Over de oorsprong van de „lange IJ“ in het Nederlandse alfabet
• The Backbones of the Alphabets
• The Alphabet and and the Symbolic Structure of Europe
• The Unseen Words in the Runic Alphabet
• De ongelezen woorden in het runenalfabet
• The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
• Over de volgorde van de klinkers in woorden en in godennamen
• The Creation Legends of Hesiod and Ovid
• De taal van Adam en Eva (published: ca. 2.2.2019)
• King Chilperic's 4 Letters and the Alphabet's Adaptation
• De 4 letters van koning Chilperik I en de aanpassing van het Frankenalfabet
• The Symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets in Magical Powers
• The Antipodes in PIE-Languages
• In het Nederlands, Duits en Engels is de dualis nog lang niet uitgestorven
• In English, Dutch and German the dual form is still alive
• The Descendants of the Dual Form " Wit "
• A Structured Etymology for Germanic, Slavic and Romance Languages
• The “Rod”-Core in Slavic Etymology (published: ca. 27.11.2018)
• Encoding and decoding the runic alphabet
• Über die Evolution der Sprachen
• Over het ontwerpen van talen
• The Art of Designing Languages
• Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
• Notes to the Dual Form and the Nous-Concept in the Inari Sami language
• Over het filosofische Nous-concept
• Notes to the Philosophical Nous-Concept
• The Common Root for European Religions (published: ca. 27.10.2018)
• A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
• Een scenario voor de middeleeuwse kerstening van een heidens volk
• The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
• The Unification of Medieval Europe
• The Divergence of Germanic Religions
• De correlatie tussen de dualis, Vut, Svantevit en de Sint-Vituskerken
• The Correlation between Dual Forms, Vut, Svantevit and the Saint Vitus Churches
• Die Rekonstruktion der Lage des Drususkanals (published: ca. 27.9.2018)
• Die Entzifferung der Symbolik einer Runenreihe
• Deciphering the Symbolism in Runic Alphabets
• The Sky-God, Adam and the Personal Pronouns
• Notities rond het boek Tiw (Published ca. 6.2.2018)
• Notes to the book TIW
• Von den Völkern, die nach dem Futhark benannt worden sind
• Designing an Alphabet for the Runes
• Die Wörter innerhalb der „Futhark“-Reihe
• The hidden Symbolism of European Alphabets
• Etymology, Religions and Myths
• The Symbolism of the Yampoos and Wampoos in Poe's “Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
from Nantucket”
• Notizen zu " Über den Dualis " und " Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften "
• Ϝut - Het Nederlandse sleutelwoord
• Concepts for the Dual Forms
• The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
• Proceedings in the Ego-pronouns' Etymology
• Notities bij „De godsdiensten der volken“
• The Role of *Teiwaz and *Dyeus in Filosofy
• A Linguistic Control of Egotism
• The Design of the Futhark Alphabet
• An Architecture for the Runic Alphabets
• The Celtic Hair Bonnets (Published Jun 24, 2018)
• Die keltische Haarhauben
• De sculpturen van de Walterich-kapel te Murrhardt
• The rediscovery of a lost symbolism
• Het herontdekken van een vergeten symbolisme
• De god met de twee gezichten
• The 3-faced sculpture at Michael's Church in Forchtenberg
• Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn
• De zeven Planeten in zeven Brabantse plaatsnamen
• Analysis of the Futhorc-Header
• The Gods in the Days of the Week and inside the Futhor-alphabet
• Een reconstructie van de Nederlandse scheppingslegende
• The Symbolism in Roman Numerals
• The Keywords in the Alphabets Notes to the Futharc's Symbolism
• The Mechanisms for Depositing Loess in the Netherlands
• Over het ontstaan van de Halserug, de Heelwegen en Heilwegen in de windschaduw van de
Veluwe
• Investigations of the Rue d'Enfer-Markers in France
• Die Entwicklung des französischen Hellwegs ( " Rue d'Enfer "
• De oorsprong van de Heelwegen op de Halserug, bij Dinxperlo en Beltrum
• The Reconstruction of the Gothic Alphabet's Design
• Von der Entstehungsphase eines Hellwegs in Dinxperlo-Bocholt
• Over de etymologie van de Hel-namen (Heelweg, Hellweg, Helle..) in Nederland
• Recapitulatie van de projecten Ego-Pronomina, Futhark en Hellweg
• Over het ontstaan en de ondergang van het Futhark-alfabet
• Die Etymologie der Wörter Hellweg, Heelweg, Rue d'Enfer, Rue de l'Enfer und Santerre
• The Etymology of the Words Hellweg, Rue d'Enfer and Santerre
• The Decoding of the Kylver Stone' Runes
• The Digamma-Joker of the Futhark
• The Kernel of the Futhorc Languages
• De kern van de Futhark-talen
• Der Kern der Futhark-Sprachen
• De symboolkern IE van het Nederlands
• Notes to Guy Deutscher's "Through the Language Glass"
• Another Sight on the Unfolding of Language (Published 1 maart, 2018)
• Notes to the Finnish linguistic symbolism of the sky-god's name and the days of the week
• A modified Swadesh List (Published 12 / 17 / 2017)
• A Paradise Made of Words
• The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns
• The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (Published 10 / 28 / 2017)
• The Role of the Dual Form in Symbolism and Linguistics (Oct 17, 2017)
• The Correlation between the Central European Loess Belt, the Hellweg-Markers and the
Main Isoglosses
• The Central Symbolic Core of Provencal Language (Oct 7, 2017)
• The Hermetic Codex II - Bipolar Monotheism (Scribd)