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COLLOID
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DEFINITION
DIFFERENCES
CHARACTERISTIC
TYPES OF COLLOID
METHOD OF PREPARATION
LYOPHILIC AND LYOHOBIC
COLLOID
STABILITY OF LYOPHOBIC
COLLOID
Dr norainihamzah 12 December 2013
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Dr
norainihamzah/chm431/room521 12 December 2013 3
The difference between a true solution and a
colloid is particle size.
Dr
norainihamzah/chm431/room521 12 December 2013 4
SIZE OF COLLOID
The size of colloid particles is intermediate
between the coarse suspension (which has
tendency to settle) and ordinary solution
(1 nm to 1000 nm.)
Although colloidal particles are larger than
simple molecules, they are small enough to
remain suspended.
Dr
norainihamzah/chm431/room52
12 December 2013 1 5
Applications of Colloids
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12 December 2013 1 6
SIZE OF COLLOID
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macromolecules
Protein, plastic and carbohydrates
Tiny crystal
Silver chloride, gold
i) Oil-in-water emulsion
ii) Water-in-oil emulsion.
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i) Oil in water emulsion
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Emulsifiers are molecules have both polar and non polar parts and thus
are capable of dissolving in or interacting with both lipids and water.
When emulsifiers are mixed with lipids and water, they may act to
suspend small droplets of the lipid in water. The lipid is not dissolved in
water, but is broken into smaller fragments that may remain suspended
for long periods of time.
Dr
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Dr
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Dr
norainihamzah/chm431/room521 12 December 2013 16
Properties of lyophilic sol
(hydrophilic – if dispersing medium is water)
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Reversible sols
Dispersed phase (particles) can attract the molecules
of dispersing medium
High viscosity of dispersing medium
Surface tension of dispersed phase is lower – easier
to form bubble
More stable and required large amount of electrolyte
to coagulate
Irreversible
No attractive force between dispersed phase and
dispersing medium
Viscosity is not different
Surface tension of the dispersed phase and
dispersing medium are the same
Less stable and
Two methods ;
a) Dispersion method-reduction of larger particle to colloidal size
particles
- mechanical dispersion
- peptization
- Bredig’s arc dispersion method
b) Condensation methods- formation of colloidal size particles
from smaller unit(molecule or ion)
- hydrolysis
- oxidation
- reduction
The electrolyte used is called the peptizing agent. This method is used
to convert a freshly prepared precipitate into a colloidal sol.
Colloidal particles
can not pass
through the
dialysis membrane
Electrical properties
1. Electrophoresis
2. Electro-osmosis
Electrophoresis is
carried out by placing
the colloidal solution in
a U tube which is fitted
with platinum
electrodes.
Fe(OH)3,
Cu(OH)3,
Al(OH)3, Ca(OH)2,
TiO2,
Methylene blue
Haemoglobin.
AS2S3,
Sb2S3,
metal sols of Cu, Au, Pt, Ag,
starch,
clay
silica acid.
Definition :
Coagulation is the process by which a colloid
precipitates out of a solution.
Lyophilic sols
- are more stable
- show greater resistance to coagulation than
lyophobic sols because most of lyophilic sols are
neutral.
- a large amount of electrolytes are required to
coagulate these sols.
- this is due to the strong attraction between the
disperse phase and dispersing medium such
as hydrogen bonds.
Lyophobic sols
- are stable due to repulsion between
similarly charged particles.
- If this charge is removed by adding
electrolyetes, coagulation occurs.
- The particles come together to form larger
masses, which settles under the action of
graviti.