GIS Technical Presentation

Gas Insulated Switchgear
July 16, 2010

Kerala State Electricity Board, Kozhikode
Name : Ankur Aggarwal Division : EPD Category : General 1

Contents
Introduction
Why only SF6 Gas
Main Drivers for GIS Application
Product Development Cycle
Characteristics of Gas Insulated Switchgears
Main Parts of GIS
Primary Components
Gas Compartments
Sealing System of GIS
Pressure Levels
Earthing System
Secondary Control System
Delivery & Storage
Erection of GIS
Commissioning of GIS
GIS Testing at Site
Inspection & Maintenance of GIS
Hybrid Sub Station
Comparison of AIS & GIS
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Safety & Security Issues
Partial Discharge
Maintenance (Typical)
2
INTRODUCTION
3
INTRODUCTION
What is GIS????
GIS stands for GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR
A metal enclosed switchgear in which the insulation is
obtained, at least partly, by an insulating gas other than air
at atmospheric pressure (IEC 62271-203)
This term generally applies to High Voltage Switchgears
The gas used is generally SF6 or SF6 mixtures
Considering that the basic aspect of substation design i.e.
installation, operation, maintenance and extension is possible
with a maximum of one circuit and one section of bus bar
out of service simultaneously.
4
INTRODUCTION
GIS using SF6 is now a well

established technology and have
been in service since the 1960’s.
GIS Technology is typically of
modular design and filled with a
minimum quantity of SF6.
GIS can have low life cycle cost
compared to AIS and can be
used for indoor as well as
outdoor applications.
There has been a rapid growth in
the application of this technology
with an estimated 80,000 bays
now in service and increasing at
a rate of over 6,000 bays per
year.
(Source CIGRE Working Group B3.17 report 381
June 2009)
5
INTRODUCTION
The Gas Insulated Switchgear has got hermetically sealed cast

aluminum enclosures, flanges, covers and aluminum castings.
The GIS is built up from modular units which are designed not
to burn through in the event of an internal arcing in the time
limited by the recommendation of IEC 62271-203.
The modules join to each other with flanges.
The live parts are supported by epoxy resin based insulator

discs which always can be found between flanges of the
neighbor modular units.
6
INTRODUCTION
The key advantages that GIS can offer of compactness,

immunity from environmental conditions and reliability are
well understood and documented.
In today’s environment where assessments of capital projects

are made on a total life time basis; there GIS can be the most
cost effective solution in comparison with AIS.
Life Cycle Cost (LCC) assessments are enabling the one

perceived disadvantages of GIS, i.e. its higher initial cost, to be
overcome.
With this background, GIS technology is expected to become

the preferred choice of many users in the future.
7
WHY ONLY SF6 GAS
8
WHY ONLY SF6 GAS
SF6 Gas is a colorless, odourless, non-toxic, non-flammable

synthetic gas.
SF6 Gas is around 5 times heavier than air and is among one
of the heaviest known gases.
Under normal conditions SF6 gas is chemically inert & stable;
its reactivity is among the lowest of all substances.
The excellent insulating properties of SF6 are resulting from to
the strong electron affinity (electro-negativity) of the molecule.
This is based on two mechanisms a) resonance capture and b)
dissociative attachment of electrons, in accordance with the
equations:
9
WHY ONLY SF6 GAS
SF6 Gas break down is possible only at relatively high field
strengths.
The breakdown voltage at 50Hz & 1 Bar in a homogenous field is

around 2.5 to 3 times higher than the corresponding values of air
or nitrogen.
On account of its thermal properties and low ionisation

temperature SF6 exhibits outstanding characteristics for
extinguishing the electric arcs.
The arc quenching time using SF6 gas is around 100 times less
than that using the air.
10
MAIN DRIVERS FOR GIS APPLICATION
11
MAIN DRIVERS
Short Planning, Delivery & Installation Requirements

High Level of Reliability & Availability
Minimal Maintenance Efforts
High Degree of Safety for Operating Personnel
Long Operating Life > 50 Years
Factory Pre Assembled and Tested Units
Protection from Environmental Conditions
Customer Tailored Solution due to modular designs
Extension of AIS under operation or restricted space
availability
Simple construction
Restricted Space Availability
High Land Acquisition Costs
12
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
13
GIS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
CIGRE Report on GIS Product Development Cycle
14
CHARACTERISTICS OF GIS
15
Compact space saving design with uncomplicated

foundations.
Minimal weight by light weight construction through the use

of aluminum housings and use of computer aided design
tools to optimize the shape and size.
Complete safety to the personnel under all operating and

fault conditions based on new manufacturing methods and
quality control procedures.
• Environmental compatibility enables no restrictions on
choice of location by means of minimum space requirement,
low noise emission and effective gas tightness using sealing
systems with guaranteed leakage rates < 0.5% p.a. per gas
compartment.
16
Economical transport of several bays connected together as
maximum possible shipping unit.
Minimal operating cost of practically maintenance free

equipment, designed for extremely long service life up to 50
years. This ensures that first inspection will not be necessary
until after 25 years of operation, however depending upon the
status of the switchgear.
Highest reliability by a product concept which includes most

modern design tools, development programs and appropriate
quality control measures.
Easy and efficient installation and commissioning with

transport units already fully assembled and tested in the
factory, pre-filled with SF6 gas at reduced pressure.
17
CHARACTERISTIC OF GIS
Technology Insulation Insulating Enclosure

Design Medium
AIS External Air, SF6 Gas Live Porcelain

Technology Insulation Or
Composite Insulators
GIS Gas SF6 or SF6 Metal Enclosures
Technology Insulation Mixtures (Aluminum) effectively
earthed
Hybrid Mixed SF6 or Sf6 Permutation &
Technology Insulation Mixtures and Combination of all
Air
18
MAIN PARTS OF GIS
19
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
20
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
CB PT
Bus Bar
Isolator
CT
21
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
22
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
23
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
24
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
25
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
1-Phase Bus Bar with Connecting Element
26
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
27
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
28
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
29
PRIMARY COMPONENTS
30
GAS COMPARTMENTS
31
GAS COMPARTMENTS
GIS contains several independent gas compartments.
The internal barriers between the gas compartments are

provided by solid insulator discs.
The system gives possibility
For decreasing gas losses
For restriction of damages caused by fault arc
For reducing the time of gas manipulations
Different gas compartments contains usually different gas

volumes
32
GAS COMPARTMENTS
33
GAS COMPARTMENTS
All the gas compartments include the following

basic parts:
A Metal Rupture disc assembly with deflector

cover (as PRD)
A temperature compensated contact

manometer for continuous monitoring of
internal gas pressure
A set of gas connection valves
A set of gas filters
These basic parts basically act as safety and

security devices for satisfactory performance of
GIS during actual site conditions.
34
SEALING SYSTEM OF GIS
35
GIS represents closed pressure system
Gas leakage rates are < 0.5% p.a. i.e. a undisturbed life
of 20 years is guaranteed for GIS before the gas has to
be replenished.
GIS is built in modular units (for single phase design)

which are joined with each other through flanges.
Epoxy resin insulator discs are placed between the

flanges of the neighboring units to support the live
parts.
To ensure static gas tight sealing ethylene-propylene

rubber rings are placed.
36
37
PRESSURE LEVELS
38
PRESSURE LEVELS
GIS uses SF6 gas as insulation & arc quenching

material.
Therefore pressure in puffer type circuit breaker is high

because of better arc quenching properties.
The figure shown below depicts the various pressure

levels and their relationship as specified and governed
by various IEC and IN Standards.
However, the exact pressure values are not fixed and

vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and
specifically design wise orientation in pressure values
is also more or less applicable.
39
PRESSURE LEVELS (IEC 62271-203)
40
PRESSURE LEVELS GAI3 245 kV
41
PRESSURE LEVELS GT01 145 kV
42
PRESSURE LEVELS
• Design Pressure:
– Abstract value used at determining the wall
thickness of enclosure elements.
– It is valid at the design temperature which is the
average of the permissible temperatures of the
active parts and the enclosures.
– According to IEC 62271- 1, the maximum
temperature for silver coated contacts in SF6 is 105
deg C and for accessible parts expected to be
touched in normal operation is 70 deg C.
– Therefore the design temperature shall be (105+70)/2
= 87.5 deg C
43
PRESSURE LEVELS
• Rated Filling Pressure:

– This is the actual working value on which the
equipment is filled up under normal conditions.
– It is valid at 20 deg C gas temperature
– Some Type Tests are performed at rated gas
pressure like gas tightness test, mechanical
endurance test, internal arc test and inductive
current breaking capacity test.
• Alarm Pressure:
– This value is approximately 90% of the rated value.
– This is basically the setting level for the first step of
gas protection
– At this value the gas monitoring device and relay
gives alarm signal for refilling.
44
PRESSURE LEVELS
• Minimum Functional/ Lock Out Pressure:

– The minimum permissible pressure of the equipment.
– Dielectric Test, Switching Test & Temperature rise test
are performed at this value.
– If the pressure falls under this value the second level of
gas protection has to provide the electrical isolation of
the defected gas compartment.
• Routine Test & Bursting Test Pressure:

– RTP = k x Design Pressure
– Where k = 1.3 for welded and 2 for cast aluminum
enclosures
– This is dominated by IEC 62271-203.
– BTP = m x Design Pressure
– Where m = 3 for welded and 5 for cast aluminum casing
45
EARTHING SYSTEM
46
EARTHING SYSTEM
GIS Earthing System is designed according to IEEE Guide for safety

in AC Substation grounding (IEEE Std 80).
Earthing eliminates all the hazardous potential differences caused by:
Fault Situation (Short Circuit) or
Return Currents (electromagnetically induced among the phases

during normal operation)
Earthing also protects the personnel from shock hazard voltage by

maintaining low touch/ step voltage among the different parts of
switchgear.
Earthing of GIS is established by using two different types of earthing

conductors i.e. interconnecting earthing bars among the phases and
earthing conductors between the enclosure and Earth Mat.
From Safety point of view, LCC and Structural elements are also
earthed.
47
EARTHING SYSTEM
48
SECONDARY CONTROL SYSTEM
49
Secondary Cables: For Controlling, power supply of drives, and GIS

signaling.
LCC (Local Control Cubicle): Connection between substation control

system and GIS.
LCC gives possibilities to check the service conditions and

healthiness of switches and devices. Position signal of all the
switches appear in mimic diagram of LCC.
Operation of switches is possible either from control room or locally

through LCC.
In normal service the LOCAL/ REMOTE Selector switch are in

REMOTE control position to operate the GIS from Control room. If the
selector switch is turned to LOCAL position, the switches of the
concerned bay can be operated from LCC.
50
51
DELIVERY & STORAGE
52
DELIVERY & STORAGE
53
Delivery & Storage
• Packing:
– GIS Unit and all other parts and materials required for
erection & operation are seaworthy packed in wooden cases
&
– Packing is provided with signs for transport & storage as well
as instructions for proper handling.
• Storage of Shipping Units:

– If GIS is not planned to assemble immediately after delivery it
is recommended to leave the shipping units in weatherproof
transport packing.
– Wooden cases can be stored either in open air or in ware
houses.
– To safeguard the packing unit from ground moisture and for
better ventilation, the unit is raised on planks and covered
with waterproof sheets.
– The temperature of storage shall be in the range of -15 deg C
to +25 deg C and humidity shall be < 50%
– SF6 gas cylinders shall be handled and stored carefully in a
cool, dry and away from flames and sunlight.
54
DELIVERY & STORAGE
55
ERECTION OF GIS
56
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR ERECTION
To prevent accidents, fire hazards, shocks the utility operator

to ensure that:
A responsible person and supervisor caries out the erection
Only qualified and trained personnel are designated for the work
Installation and operation manual (manufacturer specific) shall be

strictly followed.
Tools, tackles and other devices for installation are available
Only manufacturer approved lubricants, materials, fillers,

degassers etc are used.
Death, severe injuries and considerable damage to property

and environmental damages may result if the safety and
erection procedures are not followed.
57
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR ERECTION
58
PREPERATORY WORK FOR ERECTION
Since for GIS erection an absolute cleanliness is required,

no installation work of any kind may be carried out at the
same time.
The following aspects are substantial:

Foundations and Earthing System
Cables and Cable Ducts
Transport Routes & Lifting arrangements
Tools, devices and consumables
Lighting, power & water supplies
Civil Works
59
COMMISSIONING OF GIS
60
GIS Commissioning should not commence before:

GIS erection is complete
Auxiliary and control cables have been connected
All auxiliary and control voltages are available at the

switches
SF6 gas filling has been completed
GIS is connected to earthing system.
61
Checks and Verifications:

Switchgear conformity with manufacturer drawings and
instructions
Conformity of secondary control & protection circuits
Conformity of earthing system
Sealing of all enclosure flanges and tightness of bolts &

connections
Proper functioning of AC & DC auxiliary supply systems
Proper operation, alarm and position indication of each drive
Proper function of electrical interlocks between LCC & GIS
Proper filling pressure of each gas compartment
62
GIS Testing at Site
63
GIS Testing at Site
Before putting into service the GIS shall be tested to

check the correct operation and dielectric strength of the
equipment.
These tests comprise:

Dielectric tests on auxiliary circuits
Measurement of the resistance of the main circuits
Measurement of gas condition
Gas Tightness Test
Checking the ratio and polarity of the CT
High Voltage AC Test on Main Circuits
64
GIS Testing at Site
Dielectric Test on Auxiliary Circuits:

After the site erection is completed, the auxiliary
cables that were not tested in the factory have to be
tested for checking the correct wiring.
The test is performed with HV AC Test Equipment
1 kV AC Voltage shall be applied between the

terminal blocks and the earth points for 1 sec with
neutral points of the circuit to be removed during
testing
65
GIS Testing at Site
Measurement of Resistance of Main Circuit:

During the erection the resultant resistance of all
bays between the bus bar and the outgoing terminal
shall be checked.
The resistance shall be calculated from the voltage

drop measured at min 100 A DC loading current.
66
GIS Testing at Site
Measurement of Gas Condition:

The moisture content of SF6 gas should be
measured with dew point measuring device
Similarly the gas percentage measurement shall

also be carried out using gas measuring device.
SF6 percentage should be > 95%.
67
GIS Testing at Site
Gas Tightness Test:

Generally gas leakage test with gas leak detector is
being done at site to ensure that there is practically
no gas leakage after erection and commissioning of
GIS and before putting it into service.
CT Ratio & Polarity Test:

The ratio and polarity of the current transformer is
checked using primary current injection method.
68
GIS Testing at Site
High Voltage Test of GIS (AC Test):

This test is carried out to ensure the dielectric
strength of the switchgear which if unhealthy can
lead to an internal fault in future thereby leading to
Partial Discharges.
The test voltage to be applied as per IEC 62271-203

is 380 kV rms for 1 minute.
69
INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE OF GIS
70
INSPECTION OF GIS
GIS Life Cycle is ~ 50 years. There is a small risk of failure which

can often be avoided by proper monitoring and inspection of GIS
71
MAINTENANCE OF GIS
GIS is hermetically closed system.
Primary contacts and conductors are under protective gas

atmosphere and therefore no corrosion may occur due to
humidity
No internal or external parts are designed to be replaced within

the life cycle of GIS.
Practically GIS is maintenance free since the same is tested for

higher number of operations viz 10000 for circuit breakers.
However, within the scope of general overhauling only checking

and replacing of contacts, nozzles etc is carried out till the time
GIS operations are in prescribed limit of the IEC
recommendations and Type Test Certifications.
72
HYBRID SUB STATION
73
HYBRID SUB STATION
A sub station of which the bays are made from a mix of GIS and AIS
technology components and interconnections, i.e. a sub station that
consists of bays where some of the bays are made of a mix of AIS
and GIS technology components or some of bays are made of GIS
technology components and their interconnections only are
considered as HYBRID SUB STATIONS.
There are two exceptions from this rule:
If the only one component in AIS technology is the HV connection

(bushing, box) to O/H line, cable or transformer then the S/s is
considered as GIS S/s.
AIS where only one component is in GIS technology or where

additional elements have a mixture of Air & Gas Insulation but the
primary insulation to earth is still air (as in dead tank) they are
still considered as AIS S/s.
74
COMPARISON AIS & GIS
75
LAND
Less as compared to AIS.
App. 70% Land Reduction for a 400 kV GIS S/s wrt AIS
ENGINEERING
Less Engineering Required for GIS wrt AIS.
Engineering Standardization is a continuous process.
Project Specific influence (Cabling, Connections, Soil)
CIVIL WORKS
Involved in both, however, substantial reduction for GIS
AIS requires Equipment and Tower Foundations, cable trenches etc
GIS required GIS Room.
76
EQUIPMENT
Equipment Cost AIS viz a viz GIS is nearly double.
With Auxiliaries GIS cost is 1.2 to 1.5 times of AIS
AUXILIARIES (EARTHING, LIGHTING, FIRE FIGHTING etc)
AIS has more area means more requirement
More Fencing, More Earthing, More Lighting
More Cables required for AIS since HV equipments are a

distance apart and therefore the distances are longer.
Site preparation, mobilization cost, earth leveling, fencing and

roads cost are more in AIS compared to GIS.
77
ERECTION & COMMISSIONING
Assemblies pre tested at factory and dispatched as single unit

in form of complete bays
Time required is < 40% of the time required for erection &
commissioning of AIS
Very few cable requirement i.e. between LCC to GIS and

between GIS to CRP.
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
Time for AIS O&M > 2 x Time for GIS O&M
GIS O&M requires only some preliminary checks.
No Environmental Issues
GIS Room and floor are always kept clean.
78
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
No Pollution, Moisture or Temperature Difference Issues.
Less Ecological disturbances since land used is less
Sealed System with optimum earthing, thus no EMF emission
No RIV Interference due to sealed system
ASTHETIC VALUES
GIS is better compared to AIS
All housed beautifully in a room
High profile appearance.
No acoustic load on environment
Less corona discharges
79
COMPARISON AIS & GIS (145 kV)
80
LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
81
82
83
Life Cycle costing is a process to determine the sum of all the
costs associated with an asset or a part thereof including
acquisition, installation, operation & maintenance, refurbishment
and disposal costs.
LCC = Acq. Cost + Ownership Cost + O&M Cost + Disposal Cost
GIS Primary Hardware (Acquisition Cost)

When comparing the equivalent primary HV components, GIS is more
expensive than AIS. However if the prices of the gantries, supports,
conductors, earthing, illumination, fire fighting for AIS s/s are included
in the comparison, the difference between GIS and AIS can be
significantly reduced, because they are already included in the GIS
System. Comparison including the cost of land, installation, building
etc as well as the cost of secondary control & protection and
monitoring equipment is also very important and can lead to more cost
attractive solution for GIS in any circumstances.
84
Maintenance (Ownership Cost)
In comparison of the failure rate, GIS has better features than

AIS. In general, failure rate of GIS components are 0.25 times
that of AIS components (viz. CB, CT, CVT, ISO) and especially
0.10 times in case of bus bar. Thus, GIS needs less repair
maintenance cost through out its lifetime. The cost of
preventive and predictive maintenance are well reduced,
because of less possibility of failure.
Operation Cost (Ownership Cost)
Operating cost including the maintenance cost of GIS shall be

substantially low as compared to AIS. However, the cost of
training, spare holding for new GIS installation is high as
compared to AIS.
85
Outage Cost (Operating Cost)
Since failure rate of GIS components is lower than that of AIS

and therefore, outage cost of AIS including the possible loss of
revenue by the outage shall be bigger.
However, it shall also be considered that the outage time for

GIS can be longer than that of AIS, in case of certain failures.
Disposal Cost
Cost of decommissioning and disposal after use and after

subtracting earnings which can be received by selling the
reusable materials like aluminum, copper etc have to be
capitalized. Now a days CIGRE is studying the feasibility on re
usage of SF6 gas up to 99%.
86
87
88
89
90
91
SAFETY & SECURITY ISSUES
92
Substation Security has always been important factor.
Importance of a secure and uninterrupted electricity supply

continues to increase.
Outages and failures due to insufficient substation security

becomes less and less acceptable to customers.
Substation security is important to:

Maintain the availability of the power supply
Prevent public access to the plants, for the purpose of safety of

general public, prevention of vandalism and intruders
Protect other parts and components in a S/s against violent

deterioration of high voltage equipment caused by failures.
Prevent and minimize the financial risk due to all the occurrences
mentioned above
93
Protection Measures to obtain an adequate security level include:
Protection against intruders
Outdoor substations: Fence design (height, shape, minimum clearance to

ground, mechanical strength, reduction of height due to snow depth)
Indoor Substations: Building design (windows, doors, access control).
Protect other parts and components in S/s against violent deterioration of HV

equipment caused by failures
Outdoor parts: Fence Design, Passive protection of components by concrete

structures
Indoor parts: Quality of building material, wall thickness
GIS is inherently well placed to meet these demands and considerations in an

excellent way due to:
Small space requirements, these s/s are easier to protect.
The enclosure gives protection against access to live parts
GIS are often located indoor to give additional security compared to outdoor
substations.
94
CIGRE Report on Power Supply Network with GIS

Technology Report 381 Working Group B3.17 Jun 2009
AIS GIS
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Primary Space Global Acid Rain Nutrification
Energy Consumption Warming Potential Potential
Potential
95
PARTIAL DISCHARGE
96
PARTIAL DISCHARGE - AN OVERVIEW
Partial Discharge is
Localized Electrical Break down
Of a small portion of electrical insulation system
Under High Voltage Stresses
Which does not bridge the space b/w conductors
97
PARTIAL DISCHARGE – AN OVERVIEW
High Reliability
Expectations from GIS
Long Life Space Economization
Maintenance Free
98
Preventive Maintenance is required for GIS to

ensure maintenance free.
Most Important aspect of Preventive Maintenance is

to analyze the type & location of internal fault.
Internal Faults in GIS:

Insulation
Loose Particles
Arcing
Thus Partial Discharge Measurement are very much

helpful to evaluate the integrity of the equipment.
99
PD Measurement can be taken:

Continuously
Intermittently
On-Line
Off-Line
100
MAINTENANCE (TYPICAL)
101
GIS General
General Conditions of Equipments
Support Structures
Earthing Connections
Gas Pressure Density/ Level & Trend Analysis
Calibration of Pressure Transmitter/ Transducer/ Pressure

Gauges/ Manometers
Alarm Setting & Operations
102
CIRCUIT BREAKER
Number of Operations
Trial Operations
Contact Timing. Travel Record
Mechanism Type (i.e. Spring/ Hydraulic/ Pneumatic)
103
DISCONNECTOR & EARTHING SWITCHES
Number of Operations
Trial Operations
Motor Operating Time & Current
Operation of position indicating valve
Condition of auxiliary switches, wiring & connections
Conditions of gears, linkages, lubrication
Interlocking operation
104
THANK YOU
105
CGL CONTACTS
For Further Information, Please Contact
Crompton Greaves Ltd.
Engineering Projects Division
3rd Floor, Tower A, DLF Cyber Greens, DLF Phase III,
Gurgaon (Haryana) – 122 002
Contact Persons:
a) Mr. Reshu Madan – Dy. General Manager (+91-9711206415) reshu.madan@cgglobal.com
b) Mr. Kapil Verma – Dy. Manager (+91-9711206425) kapil.verma@cgglobal.com
c) Mr. Ankur Aggarwal – Dy. Manager (+91-9711206437) ankur.aggarwal@cgglobal.com
106

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Gas Insulated Switchgear

July 16, 2010

Name : Ankur Aggarwal Division : EPD Category : General 1

 GIS using SF6 is now a well

 The Gas Insulated Switchgear has got hermetically sealed cast

 The modules join to each other with flanges.

 The live parts are supported by epoxy resin based insulator

 The key advantages that GIS can offer of compactness,

 In today’s environment where assessments of capital projects

 Life Cycle Cost (LCC) assessments are enabling the one

 With this background, GIS technology is expected to become

 SF6 Gas is a colorless, odourless, non-toxic, non-flammable

 The breakdown voltage at 50Hz & 1 Bar in a homogenous field is

 On account of its thermal properties and low ionisation

 Short Planning, Delivery & Installation Requirements

CIGRE Report on GIS Product Development Cycle

 Compact space saving design with uncomplicated

 Minimal weight by light weight construction through the use

 Complete safety to the personnel under all operating and

 Minimal operating cost of practically maintenance free

 Highest reliability by a product concept which includes most

 Easy and efficient installation and commissioning with

Technology Insulation Insulating Enclosure

AIS External Air, SF6 Gas Live Porcelain

1-Phase Bus Bar with Connecting Element

 GIS contains several independent gas compartments.

 The internal barriers between the gas compartments are

 The system gives possibility

 For decreasing gas losses

 For restriction of damages caused by fault arc

 For reducing the time of gas manipulations

 Different gas compartments contains usually different gas

 All the gas compartments include the following

 A Metal Rupture disc assembly with deflector

 A temperature compensated contact

 A set of gas connection valves

 A set of gas filters

 These basic parts basically act as safety and

 GIS represents closed pressure system

 GIS is built in modular units (for single phase design)

 Epoxy resin insulator discs are placed between the

 To ensure static gas tight sealing ethylene-propylene

 GIS uses SF6 gas as insulation & arc quenching

 Therefore pressure in puffer type circuit breaker is high

 The figure shown below depicts the various pressure

 However, the exact pressure values are not fixed and

• Rated Filling Pressure:

• Minimum Functional/ Lock Out Pressure:

• Routine Test & Bursting Test Pressure:

 GIS Earthing System is designed according to IEEE Guide for safety

 Earthing eliminates all the hazardous potential differences caused by:

 Fault Situation (Short Circuit) or

 Return Currents (electromagnetically induced among the phases

 Earthing also protects the personnel from shock hazard voltage by

 Earthing of GIS is established by using two different types of earthing

 Secondary Cables: For Controlling, power supply of drives, and GIS

 LCC (Local Control Cubicle): Connection between substation control

 LCC gives possibilities to check the service conditions and

 Operation of switches is possible either from control room or locally

 In normal service the LOCAL/ REMOTE Selector switch are in

• Storage of Shipping Units:

 To prevent accidents, fire hazards, shocks the utility operator

 Installation and operation manual (manufacturer specific) shall be

GIS using SF6 is now a well

The Gas Insulated Switchgear has got hermetically sealed cast

The modules join to each other with flanges.

The live parts are supported by epoxy resin based insulator

The key advantages that GIS can offer of compactness,

In today’s environment where assessments of capital projects

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) assessments are enabling the one

With this background, GIS technology is expected to become

SF6 Gas is a colorless, odourless, non-toxic, non-flammable

The breakdown voltage at 50Hz & 1 Bar in a homogenous field is

On account of its thermal properties and low ionisation

Short Planning, Delivery & Installation Requirements

Compact space saving design with uncomplicated

Minimal weight by light weight construction through the use

Complete safety to the personnel under all operating and

Minimal operating cost of practically maintenance free

Highest reliability by a product concept which includes most

Easy and efficient installation and commissioning with

GIS contains several independent gas compartments.

The internal barriers between the gas compartments are

The system gives possibility

For decreasing gas losses

For restriction of damages caused by fault arc

For reducing the time of gas manipulations

Different gas compartments contains usually different gas

All the gas compartments include the following

A Metal Rupture disc assembly with deflector

A temperature compensated contact

A set of gas connection valves

A set of gas filters

These basic parts basically act as safety and

GIS represents closed pressure system

GIS is built in modular units (for single phase design)

Epoxy resin insulator discs are placed between the

To ensure static gas tight sealing ethylene-propylene

GIS uses SF6 gas as insulation & arc quenching

Therefore pressure in puffer type circuit breaker is high

The figure shown below depicts the various pressure

However, the exact pressure values are not fixed and

GIS Earthing System is designed according to IEEE Guide for safety

Earthing eliminates all the hazardous potential differences caused by:

Fault Situation (Short Circuit) or

Return Currents (electromagnetically induced among the phases

Earthing also protects the personnel from shock hazard voltage by

Earthing of GIS is established by using two different types of earthing

Secondary Cables: For Controlling, power supply of drives, and GIS

LCC (Local Control Cubicle): Connection between substation control

LCC gives possibilities to check the service conditions and

Operation of switches is possible either from control room or locally

In normal service the LOCAL/ REMOTE Selector switch are in

To prevent accidents, fire hazards, shocks the utility operator

Installation and operation manual (manufacturer specific) shall be

Tools, tackles and other devices for installation are available

Only manufacturer approved lubricants, materials, fillers,

Death, severe injuries and considerable damage to property

Since for GIS erection an absolute cleanliness is required,

The following aspects are substantial:

Cables and Cable Ducts

Transport Routes & Lifting arrangements

Tools, devices and consumables

Lighting, power & water supplies

GIS Commissioning should not commence before:

Auxiliary and control cables have been connected

All auxiliary and control voltages are available at the

SF6 gas filling has been completed

GIS is connected to earthing system.

Checks and Verifications:

Conformity of secondary control & protection circuits

Conformity of earthing system

Sealing of all enclosure flanges and tightness of bolts &

Proper functioning of AC & DC auxiliary supply systems

Proper operation, alarm and position indication of each drive

Proper function of electrical interlocks between LCC & GIS

Proper filling pressure of each gas compartment

Before putting into service the GIS shall be tested to

These tests comprise:

Measurement of the resistance of the main circuits

Measurement of gas condition

Gas Tightness Test

Checking the ratio and polarity of the CT