Basic Chemistry Formulas 2013

BASIC CHEMISTRY FORMULAS

Density & Specific Gravity:

 Defined as the mass of a matter per unit volume.

 Units: g/mL, kg/m3, lbm/ft3

 Specific Gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance and of water (4°C) or of air (20°C, 1
atm).

 Density of water = 1000 kg/m3

 Density of air = 1.205kg/m3

The Mole Concept:

 The SI unit for the amount of a substance is Mole (mol). It is defined as the amount of a
substance that contains as many entities (atoms, molecules, ions, or other particles) as there are
atoms in exactly 0.012 kg of pure carbon-12 atoms.
 Avogadro’s number: 1 mole = 6.0221367x1023 particles
 1 mole of He = 6.022x1023 particles
 1 mole of Cl2 = 2(6.022x1023)particles

Formula & Molecular Weights:

 Formula weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the elements in the formula, each taken the
number of times the element occurs. Formula weight is commonly named for ionic compounds.
 i.e formula weight of NaCl = 1(23 amu) + 1(35.45) = 58.45 amu
 Molecular weight is the sum of atomic weights named for non-ionic substances.
 i.e. molecular weight of water: H2O = 2(1amu) + 1(16 amu) = 18 amu

Molarity:

 It is defined as the amount of substance per Liter of solution.

 M = n/V
 Example 1: Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains 3.65 g HCl in 2.00L solution.
 For dilution of solution: V1M1 = V2M2

Molality:

 Molality (m) of a solute in solution is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
 m = n/Kg solvent

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 Basic Chemistry Formulas 2013

Normality:

 The normality of a solution is defined as the number of equivalent weights, or simply

equivalents (eq), of solute per Liter of solution.
 Equivalent weight of acid = formula weight / no. of H+
 Equivalent weight of base = formula weight / no. of OH- or no. of H+ that will react to the base
 N = fM

Parts per Total Expressions:

 Mole fraction = (mol of A) / (total moles)

 % by weight = (weight of A) / (total weight)
 % by volume = (volume of A) / (total volume)
 % by weight per volume = (weight of A) / (total volume)

Pressure:

 Pressure is the force exerted per unit of area.

 1 atmosphere (atm) = 760 mmHg/ 760 Torrs/ 101325 Pascal/ 1.01325 bars/ 33.93 ft water/ 14.7
ft per sq. inch
 Standard temperature & pressure (STP): 1 atmosphere & 273.15 K

Gas Laws:

 Boyle’s Law - At constant temperature and amount of substance, the product of pressure and
volume is held constant. P1V1 = P2V2
 Charles’ Law - At constant pressure and amount of substance, the ratio of volume and
temperature is held constant. V1/T1 = V2/T2
 Avogadro’s Law - At constant pressure and temperature, the ratio of pressure and amount of
substance is held constant. V1/n1 = V2/n2. The standard molar volume of an ideal gas is taken
to be 22.414 L per mole at STP.