SpiderQC Online Help PDF

Leica SpiderQC v4.
0
Getting Started Guide
(Online Help)
Table of Contents
Introduction to Leica SpiderQC ................................................................................................. 1
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1
Important Notes ......................................................................................................................... 5
User Interface ............................................................................................................................ 7
Licensing.................................................................................................................................. 11
Getting Help............................................................................................................................. 15
Technical Support.................................................................................................................... 15
Menus and Toolbars................................................................................................................ 17
File ........................................................................................................................................... 17
File Menu Summary ................................................................................................................ 17
Quality Check... ....................................................................................................................... 19
Quality Check (Comparison)... ................................................................................................ 21
Quality Check (Graphs)... ........................................................................................................ 22
Open Observation file.............................................................................................................. 23
Open GPS Navigation file........................................................................................................ 24
Open GLONASS Navigation file.............................................................................................. 25
Open Galileo Navigation file... ................................................................................................. 26
Decimate RINEX...................................................................................................................... 27
Concatenate RINEX ................................................................................................................ 28
Import Antenna PCV Corrections ............................................................................................ 30
Export to CSV... ....................................................................................................................... 31
Edit........................................................................................................................................... 32
Edit Menu Summary ................................................................................................................ 32
NMEA Connections ................................................................................................................. 33
Spider Post Processing ........................................................................................................... 38
SINEX Interface ....................................................................................................................... 41
Spider Network Server ............................................................................................................ 44
Nivel200 Connections.............................................................................................................. 45
Limit Checks ............................................................................................................................ 49
Messaging and Events ............................................................................................................ 52
Database Settings ................................................................................................................... 54
Edit Settings - Overview .......................................................................................................... 55

Quality Testing and Processing Settings................................................................................. 57
i
General Settings ...................................................................................................................... 67
Automatic RINEX Quality Check Settings ............................................................................... 69
Connection Settings ................................................................................................................ 78
Graphing Settings .................................................................................................................... 86
Messaging ............................................................................................................................... 97
Map Display Settings............................................................................................................. 101
Web Settings ......................................................................................................................... 103
Automate ............................................................................................................................... 111

Automate Menu Summary..................................................................................................... 111
Start... - Automatic Processing .............................................................................................. 112
Automatic RINEX Quality Check - General Information ........................................................ 114
Edit Sites................................................................................................................................ 118
Results................................................................................................................................... 122
Results Menu Summary ........................................................................................................ 122
Plot Graph.............................................................................................................................. 123
Compile Site and File Report................................................................................................. 125
View Web Page ..................................................................................................................... 127
Raw Data Analysis ................................................................................................................ 128

Raw Data Analysis Menu Summary ...................................................................................... 128
Residual Analysis Options..................................................................................................... 130
Select Reference File ............................................................................................................ 146
Select Receiver / Antenna ..................................................................................................... 148
Enable/Disable Satellites....................................................................................................... 150
View Tracking Info ................................................................................................................. 152
SNR Skyplot .......................................................................................................................... 155
SNR vs Elevation................................................................................................................... 158
SNR Time Series ................................................................................................................... 160
Code Multipath Skyplot.......................................................................................................... 162
Code Multipath vs Elevation .................................................................................................. 166
Code Multipath Time Series .................................................................................................. 168
Phase Multipath Skyplot ........................................................................................................ 170
Phase Multipath vs Elevation ................................................................................................ 171
Phase Multipath Time Series................................................................................................. 172
Receiver Clock....................................................................................................................... 173
Connect ................................................................................................................................. 175

Connect Menu Summary....................................................................................................... 175
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Table of Contents
Connect NMEA ...................................................................................................................... 176

NMEA (Offline)....................................................................................................................... 179
Connect Spider Post Processing........................................................................................... 183
Connect Spider Post Processing (Offline)............................................................................. 185
SINEX .................................................................................................................................... 187
Connect SINEX (Offline)........................................................................................................ 189
Spider Network Server .......................................................................................................... 191
Connect Nivel200 .................................................................................................................. 194
Tools ...................................................................................................................................... 196

Tools Menu Summary ........................................................................................................... 196
Date and Time Conversion.................................................................................................... 197
Edit Coordinates .................................................................................................................... 198
Plot Map................................................................................................................................. 200
Analyze Spider Rover NMEA Logs........................................................................................ 202
Plot Spider Rover NMEA Logs .............................................................................................. 204
Analyze Spider General Connection Logs ............................................................................ 205
Plot Coordinate Time Series.................................................................................................. 207
Plot Inclination Time Series ................................................................................................... 213
Geodectic Computations ....................................................................................................... 214
Plot IONEX Map .................................................................................................................... 215
Window Menu ........................................................................................................................ 218

Window Menu Summary ....................................................................................................... 218
Help Menu ............................................................................................................................. 219

Help Menu Summary............................................................................................................. 219
Purchased Options ................................................................................................................ 220
Tool Bar Overview ................................................................................................................. 222
Tabbed-View.......................................................................................................................... 226
Tabbed View - Summary ....................................................................................................... 226
Report tab .............................................................................................................................. 228
Messages tab ........................................................................................................................ 229
Site Status tab ....................................................................................................................... 230
Site Quality tab ...................................................................................................................... 231
Network View tab................................................................................................................... 236
Real Time View Tab .............................................................................................................. 237
Post Proc View tab ................................................................................................................ 238
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Offline View............................................................................................................................ 239
Network Status tab ................................................................................................................ 240
Positioning Status tab............................................................................................................ 242
Nivel Status tab...................................................................................................................... 244
Graph Context menu ............................................................................................................. 245

Graph Context Menu - Summary........................................................................................... 245
Properties .............................................................................................................................. 246
Series / Comments ................................................................................................................ 250
Quick Start Tutorials .............................................................................................................. 251

Quick Start Tutorials - Overview............................................................................................ 251
Analysis of Automatic Processing Results ............................................................................ 252
Analysis of Quality Check Results......................................................................................... 255
Quick Tour: Reference Station Integrity Monitoring .............................................................. 259
Quick Tour: Deformation Monitoring with Spider Real Time (RT) Positioning Products....... 262
Quick Tour: Deformation Monitoring with Spider Post Processing Positioning Products ..... 266
Quick Tour: Plotting Coordinate Results from LGO .............................................................. 270
Quick Tour: Detection of Unflagged Cycle Slips ................................................................... 276
Quick Tour: Measure GLONASS Inter-frequency Biases ..................................................... 281
Technical Information ............................................................................................................ 287

Quality Check Output ............................................................................................................ 287
Profiles................................................................................................................................... 301
Index ...................................................................................................................................... 303
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Introduction to Leica SpiderQC
Introduction
Welcome and thank you for choosing Leica SpiderQC.
Leica SpiderQC is the first choice in quality monitoring software to compliment Leica GNSS
Spider, Leica SpiderWeb or any other network reference station software. It is a stand-alone
software that can perform automatic quality checking and reporting of the logged RINEX data.
Advanced analysis tools allow detailed site evaluation, receiver performance testing and
multipath assessment. Combined with Leica GNSS Spider it provides online analysis of
network RTK processing. SpiderQC fully supports both the GPS (including L2C and L5) and
GLONASS satellite systems.
Overview
The following topics give an overview of the main functionality of Leica SpiderQC.
Quality Check
RINEX Data Management
SNR Analysis
Multipath Analysis
Ionosphere Plots
Network RTK Analysis
Coordinate Analysis
Automated Analysis of Reference Station Data
Automatic Quality Check
Web page and Status Information
Graphs and Reports
1
For information on the software options refer to the Licensing Information.
Quality Check
• Summary of key quality and quantity (tracking) information.

• HTML output.
• Critical problems are highlighted for quick analysis.
• Includes data completeness, satellite tracking, cycle slip, multipath, receiver clock
and formatting information.
• Support both GPS and mixed GPS/GLONASS data.
• Supports RINEX versions 2.1 and 2.11.
RINEX Data Management
• Decimation of RINEX observation files

• Concatenation of RINEX observation, GPS navigation and GLONASS navigation files
SNR Analysis
• Numerical summaries and graphical views of L1, L2 and L5 signal to noise ratios
• Display SNR as sky plots or as scatter plots against satellite elevation
Multipath Analysis
• Numerical summaries and graphical views of code multipath on L1, L2 and L5 for
single, dual and triple frequency data
• Display multipath as residuals on a satellite track, time series of residuals together
with satellite elevation, RMS on a skyplot, and RMS versus satellite elevation
Ionosphere Plots
• Use IONEX files from CODE and IGS to make maps of the total electron content
• Make animated or static maps
• Display day/night, annotations and geomagnetic equator
• Supports IONEX version 1.0
Network RTK Analysis
• Graphical display of residual ionosphere and troposphere error across an RTK

network
• Calculated in real time using data from Leica GNSS Spider network RTK processing
• Maps for both network RTK users and nearest site users
• Time series of global RMS values
• Web page output of residual error maps
2
Coordinate Analysis
• Display time-line or scatter plots of coordinate displacements from real time data
streams or pre-logged files
• Formats supported include NMEA GGA, GNS, GGQ, LLQ and comma separated
(CSV) files from LGO
• Multiple real time high speed and Spider Post Processing connections
• Graphical display of longitudinal, transverse, height, easting, northing, 2D and 3D
displacement time series and 2D scatter plots
• Limit checks and messaging (run application, email and SMS) are supported
• Web page output of displacements calculated from real time NMEA data
Automated Analysis of Reference Station Data
GNSS Reference station networks generate vast amounts of data. To make a detailed
analysis of this data is not possible without sophisticated analysis and reporting tools. Leica
SpiderQC offers a comprehensive suite of tools tailored to the inspection, alarming, display
and distribution of quality data relating to the data products of a reference network. Status
information is available at a glance using traffic light symbols and other graphics. For more
detailed investigations a range of HTML reports, web pages and graphs can be created as
necessary.
Automatic Quality Check
• Scheduled processing of RINEX files generated by a reference network

• Set thresholds to govern the test criteria for the quality check
• Email warning messages when specified test criteria fail
• Individual reports generated for each file processed
• Results stored in a database for generation of graphs, reports and web pages
Web Page and Status Information
• Key information displayed in a customisable multi-language web page

• User definable traffic light status displays based on the results of the most recent data
processed for each station
• Contents include: traffic light status, quality indicator plots, file by file quality
information and file availability
• Direct links to Leica GNSS Spider and Leica SpiderWeb are supported
3
Graphs and Reports
• Make graphs of key quality indicators for each station

• Graphs include: cycle slips, multipath, data completeness, data latency and many
more
• Create HTML reports that show summary information or detailed results of data
processing
• Reports include: statistics of pass/fail tests, average values for key quality indicators
and file by file results of the quality check
4
Important Notes
In order to use the software correctly and reliably, you must follow the
instructions given in the online help system. You must also adhere to the
directions given in the user manual for the product with which you are using
the software and the user manual of the manufacturer of the sensor and
control equipment.
The rights and responsibilities accruing in respect to Leica Geosystems AG

as a result of acquisition of the software are set out in the Leica
Geosystems AG Software License Agreement..
All of the instructions and directions required for a technical specialist to use
the system are included in the online help system, which are only available in
English.
Trademarks
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
5
System Requirements
Operating system:
• Windows XP
• Windows Server 2003
• Windows Vista (32bit)
Minimum hardware requirements:
• Pentium II or higher
• 500 MHz
• 128 MB RAM
• 1GB hard disk
• SVGA 800x 600
• keyboard and mouse
• CD-ROM or DVD drive
• 1 parallel or USB port for software protection key (not required for License Free
version)
• Ethernet connection (for receiving NMEA or configuration data from other PCs)
6
User Interface
The Leica SpiderQC interface is characterized by a tab view, as shown below. Each tab
displays a particular type of output.
Menu Bar
The Menu Bar is a special Toolbar at the top of the screen that contains menus. If a
command is not applicable it is grayed out and not accessible.
The Menu Bar lists the following commands:
• File
• Edit
• Automate
• Results
• Raw Data Analysis
• Deformation Analysis
• Connect
• Tools
• Window
• Help
7
Tool Bar
Toolbars displays the commands used most often. Click here for a summary of the tool bar
icons.
The toolbar will change depending on the purchased licensing options. In most cases the
following tool bar will be shown:
If the Advanced Data Analysis option has been purchased, then a different tool bar will be
shown that includes options to make manual data analysis more efficient.
Tabbed-View
The main tab view is the primary component of the SpiderQC interface. It comprises the
following tabs.
Tab Description
Report Tab Displays output from manual RINEX quality checks and other file
processing results.
Messages Shows a log of the most recent messages that have been
Tab generated by the software. Messages occur when ever any
settings are edited, from limit checks during online coordinate
analysis and during automatic processing.
Station Shows a “traffic light” overview of each station involved in
Status Tab automatic processing based on the quality of the most recently
processed files. The settings for the traffic light status are defined
in the Edit...Settings menu.
Station Displays detailed information on the station quality and status of
Quality Tab automatic processing. The tab shows the reports generated using
the Compile Station Report and Compile File Report menu options.
Network Displays a traffic light status map of the Reference Stations
View Tab configured for automatic RINEX processing based on their status
as in the Station Status tab. This tab is also used to display maps
of residual ionosphere and troposphere error derived from Leica
GNSS Spider network RTK processing. The content of this tab is
8
• Analysis of single NMEA data streams and files (no messaging or limit checks)
• Analysis of Spider and SAPOS General Connection logs and Spider Rover NMEA
logs
Automatic RINEX Processing Option
The Automatic RINEX Processing Option (Art. No. 749320) is an extension to the main
license enabling automatic checking of RINEX data generated by a single reference station.
For analysis of data from multiple reference stations the appropriate number of Additional Site
Licenses (see below) may be purchased. A valid hardware protection key (dongle) is required
to run the software including the main license (Art. No. 749319).
Included features:
• Automatic quality check of RINEX data for 1 site

• Web page, graphs, reports, traffic light, messaging output for QC results
Additional Site License Option
The Additional Site License Option (Art. No. 749321) extends the number of sites that can be
processed with the Automatic RINEX Processing Option. Up to 255 Additional Site Licenses
may be purchased. A valid hardware protection key (dongle) is required to run the software
including the main license (Art. No. 749319) and Automatic Processing Option (Art. No.
749320).
Included features:
• Increases the number of sites for automatic RINEX processing by one per license
that is purchased
Advanced Network Analysis Option
The Advanced Network Analysis Option (Art. No. 762826) enables calculation and display
Network Online Visualisation of Accuracy (NOVA) maps. NOVA maps represent the residual
ionosphere and troposphere error for network RTK and nearest site RTK users derived from
Leica GNSS SpiderNet RTK Processing. A valid hardware protection key (dongle) is required
to run the software including the main license (Art. No. 749319).
12
Included features:
• Graphical display of RMS values for residual ionosphere and troposphere across an
RTK network (NOVA maps)
• NOVA maps are displayed for both network RTK users and nearest site users
• Time series of global RMS values
• Web page output with NOVA maps and global RMS
Advanced Coordinate Analysis Option
The Advanced Coordinate Analysis Option (Art. No. 751824) enables displacement analysis
features for GNSS monitoring systems when combined with Leica GNSS Spider, RTK GPS
receivers or third party software with NMEA position output. A valid hardware protection key
(dongle) is required to run the software including the main license (Art. No. 749319).
Included features:
• Graphical and numerical analysis of multiple NMEA and Spider Post Processing
connections
• Calculation of statistics for integrity monitoring
• Limit checks and messaging for NMEA, Spider Post Processing, SINEX and Nivels
• Web page output of real time results
Advanced Data Analysis Option
The Advanced Data Analysis Option (Art. No. 759039) enables zero, single, double and triple
difference residual analysis. This features can be used to study and visualize GNSS data,
detect unflagged cycle slips, measure GLONASS hardware biases, analyze the effectiveness
of measurement differencing and other linear combinations and many other data analysis
tasks. A valid hardware protection key (dongle) is required to run the software including the
main license (Art. No. 749319).
Included features:
• Graphical and numerical analysis of zero, single, double and triple difference code
and phase residuals
• Control over which corrections (geometry, clock, troposphere, ionosphere, phase
ambiguity etc.) are applied to the data
13
Getting Help
Technical Support
Background information
Technical information is available through several online services. All registered Leica
Geosystems customers have access to this information. You can obtain product support in
several ways:
World Wide Web
The Leica Geosystems Web Site www.leica-geosystems.com provides unlimited access to a

variety of company services and product information.
The latest information and version of the software is available on the SpiderQC web page.
Email, Fax
Contact the Leica Geosystems Dealer/Distributor in the country where you bought your
product.
15
Menus and Toolbars
Main Menu Bar
File
File Menu Summary
The File menu offers the following commands:
Command Function
Quality Check... Selects one or more RINEX observation files for quality
checking. A separate report is generated for each RINEX file.
Refer to Quality Check Output for details on the contents of the
quality check.
Quality Check Selects one or more RINEX observation files for quality
(Comparison) checking. A single report is generated for all RINEX files
allowing for an easy comparison.
Quality Check Selects one or more RINEX observation files for analysis.
(Graphs) Graphs of various key indicators are created for each RINEX file
and saved to file.
Open Observation Opens a RINEX observation file for analysis.
file...
Open GPS Navigation Opens a RINEX GPS navigation file for analysis.
file...
Open GLONASS Opens a RINEX GLONASS navigation file for analysis.
Navigation file...
Open Galileo Opens a RINEX Galileo navigation file for analysis.
Navigation file...
Close files Closes the currently opened observation and navigation files.
Decimate...RINEX... Reduces the observation rate of a RINEX observation file.
Concatenate...RINEX... Merges multiple RINEX observation or navigation files into a
single file.
Save results... Saves output in the Output Tab or Station Report tab to a file.
Import
Antenna PCV Imports antenna phase centre variation corrections.

Corrections...
17
Export
Export to CSV... Exports the observations from the currently selected reference
file to a comma separated file.
Exit Closes the program.
18
Menus and Toolbars
Quality Check...
The manual quality check produces a HTML file containing detailed information on the
contents and format of the files. The quality check may be run via the user interface or by
command line option.
Note: The manual quality check is available for free (no hardware protection key is
required).
• You must choose the RINEX observation file.

• If you choose a Zip file, the file name of the zip file must be the same as that of the
RINEX files it contains.
• RINEX files that are extracted from a zip file will be deleted after the processing has
finished.
• The Zip file may use a single extension (.zip) or a double extension (.rnx.zip).
• When performing manual QC checks, the only output is the QC report even if this
data belongs to a reference station configured for automatic processing.
Running the QC via the User Interface
Follow these steps to run the QC via the user interface.
• If the corresponding RINEX navigation file(s) are in the same folder and have the
same name they will be loaded automatically. Otherwise you will be prompted for the
name of the GPS navigation file. The GLONASS navigation file (if applicable) should
be together with the GPS navigation file.
Step Action
1 Open one or more RINEX files. To open a RINEX observation file
use File… Quality Check.
2 Process the file. The file will be processed and the Quality Check
output will be displayed in the Report tab. The progress bar in the
bottom left of the window gives an indication of the status of the
quality check.
3 Analyze the results. See Analysing QC Results for more information
on the output of the quality check.
19
Optionally, you may edit the Quality Settings using Edit… Settings.
Running the QC via the Command Line
Follow these steps to run the QC via the command line.
Step Action
1 At the command prompt type
gqc -QC <filepathname>
where <filepathname> is the absolute path to the RINEX

observation file or the zip archive containing the observation
and navigation files.
2 The output will be saved to a .QC file with the same name as the
input file.
Related Topics
Quality Settings
Quality Check Output
Sample Quality Check Output
Analysis of Quality Check Output
20
Menus and Toolbars
Quality Check (Comparison)...
The Quality Check (Comparison) feature runs the manual quality check (refer to Quality
Check) but creates a single combined report rather than individual reports. This feature allows
for more convenient comparison of results from different sites or different periods.
Running the Quality Check (Comparison):
Follow these steps to run the QC comparison.
Step Action
1 Open one or more RINEX observation files. To open a RINEX
observation file use File… Quality Check (Comparison).
2 Process the file. The file will be processed and a html report will be
displayed in the Report tab. The progress bar in the bottom left of the
window gives an indication of the status of the quality check.
3 Analyze the results.
21
Quality Check (Graphs)...
The Quality Check (Graphs) feature creates a various graphs of key quality indicators for a
selection of RINEX files. This feature provides a quick and easy way of creating graphs for
site analysis. The manual alternative is to load each file and create the graphs individually
using the options in the Raw Data Analysis menu.
Running the Quality Check (Graphs) :
Follow these steps to create the QC graphs.
Step Action
1 Open one or more RINEX observation files. To open a RINEX
observation file use File… Quality Check (Graphs).
2 Process the file. The file will be processed and a html report will be
displayed in the Report tab. The progress bar in the bottom left of the
window gives an indication of the status of the quality check.
3 A pop up window will be displayed that indicates the folder where the
graphs have been stored. Press Yes to browse the output folder
using Windows Explorer.
22
Menus and Toolbars
Open Observation file...
Opens a RINEX observation file for analysis.
• Several observation files may be loaded at once.

• To choose the active file use Select Reference File from the Data Analysis menu.
• If no valid hardware protection key is attached then only the sample data set located
in the install directory can be loaded.
• It is very important to have accurate coordinates in the RINEX header. The header
coordinates are used for all calculations done by SpiderQC.
23
Open GPS Navigation file...
Opens a RINEX GPS navigation file for analysis.
• Multiple navigation files can be loaded.

• It is recommended to load all navigation files before loading observation files.
• A GPS navigation file must be loaded before any observations can be loaded.
24
Menus and Toolbars
Open GLONASS Navigation file...
Opens a RINEX GLONASS navigation file for analysis.

• A GLONASS navigation file must be loaded before GLONASS observations can be
loaded.
25
Open Galileo Navigation file...
Opens a RINEX Galileo navigation file for analysis.

• A Galileo navigation file must be loaded before any observations can be loaded.
26
Menus and Toolbars
Decimate RINEX
The RINEX Decimate dialog is accessed via the File...Decimate...RINEX menu and is used
to reduce the observation rate of a RINEX observation file (e.g. from 1s to 30s sampling rate).
RINEX Decimate Settings
Field Description
Input File Select the input RINEX observation file.
Output File Select the output RINEX observation file name. The input and output
names cannot be the same.
Obs Select the desired observation interval of the output file. The input
Interval file should have an observation rate faster than the output rate.
Related Topics
RINEX Concatenation
27
Concatenate RINEX
The RINEX Concatenate dialog is accessed via the File...Concatenate...RINEX menu and is
used to merge multiple RINEX observation, GPS navigation or GLONASS navigation files into
a single file.
RINEX Concatenate Settings
Field Description
File Type Select either the RINEX Observation, GPS Navigation or GLONASS
navigation file type.
Observation Select the output data rate.
Interval
• Selecting a data rate lower than the original will decimate
the output.
• No interpolation of data will be done if the selected data rate
is faster than the original.
Input files Select two or more input RINEX files.
• For observation files the files must be for the same station.
28
Menus and Toolbars
The header information will be taken from the first file in

alphabetical order.
Output file Select the output file. The output file may not be the same as one of
the input files. The file will be output in the same folder as the input
files.
Related Topics
RINEX Decimation
29
Import Antenna PCV Corrections
Antenna PCV corrections may be imported using the File...Import...Antenna PCV

Corrections menu. Antenna PCV corrections are used exclusively for residual analysis as
part of the Advanced Data Analysis option and are activated via the Raw Data
Analysis...Residual Analysis menu.
• Importing antenna PCV corrections will over write any previously loaded corrections.
• NGS absolute calibrations are included in the install.
• Only NGS format correction files are supported.
Related Topics
Residual Analysis Settings
30
Menus and Toolbars
Export to CSV...
Exports the observations from the currently selected reference file to a comma separated file.
31
Edit
Edit Menu Summary
The Edit menu offers the following commands:
Command Function
Copy Copies the selected content from the currently active tab to
the clipboard.
Select All Selects the entire content of the currently active tab.
Clear Messages Clears all entries in the Messages tab. The messages are
not deleted, rather the "event.log" file (located in the install
directory) is renamed with the current date and time and a
new log file is started.
NMEA Use to configure NMEA data streams for use together with
Connections... Connect...NMEA.
Spider Post Use to configure access to Spider Post Processing
Processing... databases for use together with Connect...Spider Post
Processing.
SINEX Interface... Use to configure access to SINEX files that are created with
a third-party software such as Bernese GPS Software. This
menu is used in conjunction with Connect...SINEX.
Spider Network Use to configure access to Spider Network Server for use
Server... together with Connect...Spider Network Server.
Nivel200 Use to configure access to Spider Post Processing
Connections... databases for use together with Connect...Nivel200.
Limit Checks... Plot multiple time series of Spider Post Processing data
configured in Edit...Spider Post Processing.
Messaging and Used to configure events such as the sending of email and
Events... running of appications when messages are generated by the
system. Related options are also contained in the Messages
Settings in Edit...Settings menu
Settings... Opens a dialog to edit the program settings.
32
Menus and Toolbars
NMEA Connections
The NMEA connections dialog is used to configure connections to NMEA data streams for
online coordinate analysis. A plot of the configured connections can be made using
Connect...NMEA.
See also Connection Settings, Edit Coordinates, Limit Checks and Messaging and Events.
NMEA Connections Settings
Field Description
Name The name of the connection.
Channel The communication channel.
Format The selected NMEA format.
Quality A basic indicator of the coordinate quality. Indicates the selected
solution type.
Site The reference coordinate site.
Profile The entered Profile direction.
LimitClass The selected limit class that is used to perform tolerance checking of
the NMEA coordinates.
Smoothing The selected smoothing option.
Logging Indicates if the logging option was selected.
Path The root level folder where SpiderQC will create the NMEA log files if
the logging option is activated.
33
Rollover The selected rollover time SpiderQC will use for the NMEA logging.
Buttons The five buttons along the bottom of the dialog are used to add, edit
and delete the configured connections.
New Opens the Edit Connection dialog allowing the user to enter the
details of a new NMEA connection.
From Opens the Spider Database settings dialog to enable the user to
Spider connect to a Leica GNSS Spider Site Server to automatically
configure the connections to all active Positioning Products with
NMEA output via TCP/IP. In the Spider Database settings dialog
simply enter the IP address or PC name of the Spider Site Server and
enter your Spider password.
• This feature requires Leica GNSS Spider version 2.03 or

later.
Delete Deletes the selected connection(s) from the list.

Edit Opens the Edit Connection dialog allowing the settings of the
currently selected connection to be modified.
Change Toggles the status (active or inactive) of the selected connection(s).
Status
Edit Connection Dialog
The Edit Connection dialog is used when creating or editing NMEA connections.
Setting Description Valid Range

Name A unique name for the connection. Unique string
Status The current status of the Active or Inactive
connection. Determines whether or
not it will be plotted.
Communications The settings of the selected Valid Serial or TCP/IP
communication port of the NMEA port
data.
NMEA Format The NMEA message format of the GGA, GGQ, LLQ or
data on the configured port. LMM (Leica Proprietary)
Solution The minimum solution type to be Depends on the NMEA
34
Menus and Toolbars
plotted. The solution type is a basic message format

indicator of the coordinate quality.
Apply CQ Limit If this option is selected the Active or Inactive
Coordinate Quality (CQ) estimate
contained in GGQ or LLQ
messages will be used to decide if
the result will be shown. This option
can be used to filter out poor quality
data that occurs e.g. when the
satellite geometry is bad.
CQ Limit The maximum CQ of that result that 0.01 to 0.5m
will be displayed if the above option
is activated.
Apply Statistics If this option is selected, SpiderQC Active or Inactive
will compute statistics on the
incoming NMEA messages. The
statistics include precision,
accuracy, availability, number of
satellites used and more.
The statistics are computed at the

interval specified below and
graphed for the period specified
below. The plots are stored to the
selected File Path and are stored in
sub-directories corresponding to
the name of the connection.
Some statistics will be shown in

real time in the Positioning Status
tab. The real time statistics are not
rigorous and are for indicators only.
Limit Checks can be made on

some of the statistics: 2D accuracy,
height accuracy and availability.
Statistics Time The interval over which the 1min, 10min, 20min,
Interval statistics will be computed. The 30min, 1hr, 2hrs, 6hrs,
interval is aligned to UTC time. 12hrs, 24hrs
Statistics Time The time period over which the 10min, 20min, 30min,
35
Period calculated statistics will be 1hr, 2hrs, 6hrs, 12hrs,
displayed in plots. 24hrs, 2 days, 5 days, 1
week
Reference Select the station corresponding to
Coordinate the configured data stream. The
known station coordinates are then
used as the reference for all
displacement calculations. The
station list is created using
Tools...Edit Coordinates and
selected in the General Settings of
the Edit...Settings menu.
Profile Direction This value, a direction in degrees, 0 to 360 degrees
indicates the expected direction of
movement for the point and is used
to calculate the Longitudinal and
Transverse displacement.
Longitudinal displacement is the
displacement in the direction of the
profile. Transverse displacement is
at right angles to the profile. See
Profiles for more information.
Limit Class This is the limit class that is used to
perform tolerance checking of the
NMEA coordinates. The limit class
must be pre-configured in
Edit...Limit Checks. To configure an
event, such as sending an email, if
a limit check fails use
Edit...Messaging and Events.
Smoothing This option is used to decide if None or the filter length
SpiderQC is to smooth the (5s, 10s, 15s, 20s, 25s,
coordinate data. If smoothing is 30s, 45s, 1min, 2min,
used then the smoothed value will 5min, 15min, 30min,
be shown in the plot and used for 1hr, 2hr, 6hr, 12hr or
the limit checks. 24hr)
For information on the algorithm

used for the smoothing see Data
Smoothing.
36
Menus and Toolbars
Log to file This option is used to make Checked or Unchecked

SpiderQC log the received NMEA
data to log files.
File Path The root level folder where A valid absolute
SpiderQC will create the NMEA log directory.
files if the above option is activated.
File Rollover The rollover SpiderQC will use for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, or 24
the NMEA logging. Each file name hours.
will contain the date and time and
be placed in the File Path above in
a subdirectory named after the
connection name.
Related Topics
Spider Post Processing
Limit Checks
Messaging and Events
Edit Coordinates
37
The Spider Post Processing connections dialog is used to configure connections to

SpiderPositioning databases for online and offline coordinate analysis. A plot of the
configured connections can be made using Connect...Spider Post Processing.
See also Connection Settings, Limit Checks and Messaging and Events.
Spider Post Processing Products Connection List Settings
Field Description
Name The name of the Spider Post Processing product.
Server The name or IP address of the PC running the Spider Site Server.
Site The name of the monitoring site configured in GNSS Spider.
Profile The selected profile direction in degrees.
LimitClass The selected limit class that is used to perform tolerance checking
of the received coordinates.
Smoothing The selected smoothing option.
Button The four buttons along the bottom of the dialog are used to add,
edit and delete the configured connections.
Spider connect to a Leica GNSS Spider Site Server to automatically
configure the connections to all active Post Processing Products.
In the Spider Database settings dialog simply enter the IP address
or PC name of the Spider Site Server and enter your Spider
password.
Edit Opens the Edit Spider Post Processing dialog allowing the settings
of the currently selected connection to be modified.
Change Toggles the status (active or inactive) of the selected
Status connection(s).
38
Menus and Toolbars
The Edit Connection dialog is used when creating or editing NMEA connections.

Name This is the name of the Spider Post
Processing product.
Station The name of the monitoring site configured in
GNSS Spider.
Server This is the name or IP address of the PC
running the Spider Site Server.
Status The current status of the connection. Active or Inactive
Determines whether or not it will be plotted.
Profile This value, a direction in degrees, indicates 0 to 360 degrees
Direction the expected direction of movement for the
point and is used to calculate the
Longitudinal and Transverse displacement.
displacement in the direction of the profile.
Transverse displacement is at right angles to
the profile. See Profiles for more information.
Limit This is the limit class that is used to perform
Class tolerance checking of the received
coordinates. The limit class must be pre-
configured in Edit...Limit Checks. To
configure an event, such as sending an email,
if a limit check fails use Edit...Messaging and
Events.
Smoothing This option is used to decide if SpiderQC is to None or the filter
smooth the coordinate data. If smoothing is length in hours
used then the smoothed value will be shown (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12,
in the plot and used for the limit checks. 24, 36, 48)
For information on the algorithm used for the

smoothing see Data Smoothing.
Update This option allows SpiderQC to update the
Spider Spider site coordinate using the results of the
coordinate PP Positioning products.
using
Note: This feature is intended for use in
39
post processing (PP Positioning)
monitoring applications. This option
should not be used with RT Positioning or
RT Products on the Site or Network
servers.
a median The coordinate update is made using a 1 to 30 days
calculated median calculated over a defined time period.
over
and a A minimum number of results can be defined 5 to 100 results
minimum to ensure that a high quality median is
of calculated.
Note:
• SpiderQC automatically gets the reference coordinate from Leica GNSS

Spider, so there is no need to create a reference coordinate list like with NMEA
connections.
Related Topics
NMEA Connections
Limit Checks
40
Menus and Toolbars
SINEX Interface
The SINEX interface dialog is used to configure connections to standardised GNSS

processing output in the Solution INdependant EXchange format (SINEX). SINEX files can be
created using geodetic processing packages such as the Bernese GPS Software. The results
contained in the SINEX file can be presented and analyzed using SpiderQC. An online (self
updating) plot of the SIENX data can be made using Connect...SINEX.
See also Connection Settings, Limit Checks and Messaging and Events.
SINEX Interface Settings
Field Description
SINEX file Select the folder where the SINEX files are located.
path
SINEX file Enter the first characters of the file name. This field can be used
prefix to help distinguish between different solutions. e.g., daily, weekly,
etc.
Datum Enter the name of coordinate datum. e.g. ITRF2000.
Site Name The name of the site.

Site Code The four digit site code.
Point... The identifier for the point that this connection refers to. Used to
differentiate between multiple points at the selected site.
Description The entered description of the site.
Receiver The name of the receiver at the site.
Antenna The name of the antenna at the site.
LimitClass The selected limit class that is used to perform tolerance checking
of the received coordinates.
Results The number of solutions available for that site.
Button The five buttons along the bottom of the dialog are used to add,
edit and delete the configured connections.
Update When this button is pressed, SpiderQC will check the configured
folder for any SINEX files that have not previously been read. Any
new files that are found will be read and the results (estimated
41
positions, tropospheric estimates and related quality information)
will be stored internally by SpiderQC. No limit checks are
performed when the files are read in this manner (no messages
will be generated if a position is out of tolerance).
Reset Only deletes the result information from the previously read
SINEX files. All site configurations are kept.
Delete All Deletes all the site and result information that was previously read
from SINEX files.
Delete Deletes the selected site(s) from the list.
Edit Opens the Edit SINEX Site dialog allowing the settings of the
Change Toggles the status (active or inactive) of the selected
Status connection(s).
Edit SINEX Site Dialog
The Edit SINEX Site dialog is used when editing sites that were found in SINEX files.

Name This is the name of the site.
Point The identify for the monument that this

connection refers to, in case there are
multiple monuments at that site.
Code This is the site code used within the SINEX
files to uniquely identify the site.
Desc. The description of the site.
Photo A path and filename to a photo or graphic of

the site. The photo will be displayed in the
web page.
Status The current status of the connection. Active or Inactive
Determines whether or not it will be plotted
and shown in the web page.
Reference The initial X, Y, Z coordinate of the site. This
Coordinate coordinate will be used to calculate the
deformation/displacement of the site. All
displacements are computed relative to this
42
Menus and Toolbars
reference coordinate.
Profile This value, a direction in degrees, indicates 0 to 360 degrees
the expected direction of movement for the
point and is used to calculate the
Longitudinal and Transverse displacement.
displacement in the direction of the profile.
Transverse displacement is at right angles to
the profile. See Profiles for more information.
Limit This is the limit class that is used to perform
Class tolerance checking of the received
coordinates. The limit class must be pre-
configured in Edit...Limit Checks. To
configure an event, such as sending an
email, if a limit check fails use
Related Topics
Limit Checks
43
Spider Network Server
The Spider Network Server is used to configure a connection to a Leica GNSS Spider
Network server and enables calculation and visualisation of residual error data from a running
network RTK installation. The calculation and display of the data is initiated using
Connect...Spider Network Server.
See also Connection Settings.
• This feature only works with Leica GNSS Spider v3.0 or later
• A minimum of 6 fixed sites are required for the maps to be calculated
Spider Network Server Settings

Network The PC name or IP address of the
Server computer where the Leica GNSS Spider
network server is installed.
Password The password for the Spider network
server.
Processing The processing mode used by the Spider Real Time or Re-
Mode network server. Processing
Log to file Select this option if you wish to
periodically log the network error maps to
file.
File path The folder to which the network error
maps will be written if the above option is
active. The maps will be stored in sub-
folders according to GPS week and day of
GPS week. E.g. C:\SpiderQC\Network
Maps\1307\005\
Interval The interval at which the maps are 10min, 20min,
recorded. 30min, 1hr, 2hrs,
6hrs
Related Topics
Connection Settings
Connect Spider Network Server
44
Menus and Toolbars
Nivel200 Connections
The Nivel200 connections dialog is used to configure connections to Nivel210 and Nivel220
inclination sensors for data logging. The connection is initiated using the Connect...Nivel200
menu.
Nivel200 Settings
Field Description
Name The entered name of the Nivel connection.
Channel The selected communication port of the sensor.
Type The selected Nivel model.
ID's The selected IDs assigned to the connected sensor.
Observation The entered observation rate in seconds.
Rate
Logging Indicates if the logging option was selected.
Path The root level folder where SpiderQC will create the the Nivel log
files if the logging option is activated.
Rollover The selected rollover time SpiderQC will use for the Nivel logging.
Button The four buttons along the bottom of the dialog are used to add, edit
and delete the configured connections.
New Opens the Edit Connection dialog allowing the user to enter the
45
details of a new Nivel connection.
Edit Opens the Edit Connection dialog allowing the settings of the
Change Toggles the status (active or inactive) of the selected connection(s).
Status
The Edit Connection dialog is used when creating or editing Nivel connections.

Name A unique name for the connection. Unique string
Status The current status of the Active or Inactive
connection. Determines whether or
not it will be plotted.
Communications The settings of the selected Valid Serial or
communication port of the Nivel TCP/IP port
sensor(s).
Nivel Type The model of the sensor. Nivel 210 Nivel210 or
are connected individually via Nivel220
RS232. Nivel 220 can be connected
46
Menus and Toolbars
in series with up to 32 sensors on a

single RS485 bus.
Nivel Identifiers The IDs assigned to the connected Up to 32 identifiers
sensors. The Add, Edit and Delete
buttons open the Edit Nivel
Identifier dialog.
Observation The desired observation interval in 1 to 600000
Rate seconds. seconds
Log to file This option is used to make Checked or
SpiderQC log the received Unchecked
inclination data to log files.
File Path The root level folder where A valid absolute
SpiderQC will create the Nivel log directory.
files if the above option is activated.
A subfolder is created for each Nivel
ID. A comma separated .niv file is
created for each rollover.
File Rollover The rollover SpiderQC will use for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, or
the Nivel logging. Each file name 24 hours.
will contain the date and time and
be placed in the File Path above in
a subdirectory named after the
connection name.
47
Edit Nivel Identifier Dialog
The Edit Nivel Identifier dialog is used when creating or editing Nivel connections.
Setting Description Valid

Range
ID The sensor identifier configured with the 1...9 or
NivelTool. A...Z
Name The name of this sensor. String
Null X The X-tilt reference value. -
Null Y The Y-tilt reference value. -
Read From Press this button to read the Null X and Null -
Sensor Y values directly from the connected Nivel
sensor.
48
Menus and Toolbars
Limit Checks
Limit (tolerance) checks may be defined to generate messages and events when received
coordinates (either via NMEA or via Spider Post Processing) differ by more than a certain
amount from the known a priori (reference or null)coordinates. Absolute limit checks may be
configured using the Edit...Limit Checks menu. Events, such as sending of an email or
running of an application, may be configured to occur when a limit check is failed using
A number of Limit Classes may be created. Each Limit Class has up to eight different limit
checks (see table below), each of which has three defined levels (Level 1, Level 2 and Level
3). A different message type is generated for each level and so different events may be
configured for them using Edit...Messaging and Events.
The usage of the limit checks is as follows:
Limit Check NMEA NMEA with Apply Spider Post Processing

Type Statistics option
Longitudinal
Transverse
Height
2D
3D
2D
Accuracy
Height
Accuracy
Availability
49
Limit Check Settings
The three buttons along the top of the dialog are used to add, edit and delete the configured
limit classes.
Button Description
New Opens the Edit Limit Class dialog allowing the user to enter the
name of the new limit class.
Rename Opens the Edit Limit Class dialog allowing the name of the limit
class to be modified.
Delete Deletes the selected limit class from the list.
Limit Activate or deactivate the absolute limit checks for each type of
Checks displacement (longitudinal, transverse, height, 2D and 3D). The
displacement is calculated as the difference between the measured
coordinate and the reference coordinate defined in the connection.
In order to prevent overloading of the system when using high

speed (20Hz) input data, the limit checks are only calculated at
most every second and a new message will not be sent more than
the rate defined in the Message Settings in the Edit...Settings
menu.
50
Menus and Toolbars
Related Topics
NMEA Connections
51
Messaging and Events is used to run actions such as sending of emails when the system
generates a message. Messages may be generated by the automatic RINEX processing or
by coordinate analysis components of SpiderQC.
See also Messaging Settings and Limit Checks.
To configure messages and events
Follow this procedure to configure messages and events:
Step Action
1 Select the menu Edit...Messages and Events .
2 The Edit Messages and Events dialog will be shown. In the list on the
left-hand side of the dialog all Messages are listed which SpiderQC can
generate. On the right-hand side you see all Actions.
3 Use the New Action button to configure an action. You will be required to
enter specific information for the action based on its type (Application or
Email or SMS).
4 Select the messages that you wish to trigger the action in the Message
window on the left and activate the check box for the action in the Action
window. You can link multiple Actions to one Message.
5 Use the Overview button to get a summary of which actions are
assigned to messages.
6 Change the settings as required.
7 Click the OK button. The Edit Messages and Events dialog will be
closed and the settings saved.
52
Menus and Toolbars
Messaging and Events Settings
The five buttons along the right of the dialog are used to add, edit, delete, test and overview
the messages and events..
Button Description
New Press the button and a sub-menu appears where you can select the
Action... type of the new action. You can choose between Application, Email
and SMS.
1. Application define in the field command line an external

application (EXE or BAT) which SpiderQC will run as an
action. Always use the full path to the directory. The field
Comment is only a remark and has no additional
functionality so it works also if this field is empty. Press OK
and the new action is in the right list of the Message and
Events Editor.
2. Email Define the address(es) of the To and CC recipients.
3. SMS Define the telephone number of the recipient.

Edit Please select a action first in the list. Press the button Edit and then
it is possible the edit the selected action.
Delete Press this button to delete a selected action.
Test Press this button to immediately test a selected action. This function
can be used for controlling all actions.
Overview All the definitions you made between messages and actions are
listed in a overview panel.
53
Database Settings
The Database Settings dialog is used to enable the user to connect to a Leica GNSS Spider
Site Server to
• automatically configure the connections to all active Positioning Products with NMEA
output via TCP/IP.
• automatically configure the connections to all active Post Processing Products.
Field Description
Database The database name. This field cannot be changed.
Name
Server Enter the IP address or PC name of the Spider Site Server.
Login The required Spider login access level. This field cannot be
changed.
Password Enter your Spider password.
54
Menus and Toolbars
Edit Settings
Edit Settings - Overview
The Edit Settings dialog is used to modify a wide range of program settings. The settings
pages can be accessed by the tree view on the left side of the settings dialog.
Quality Testing and Processing
• Cycle Slip Detection

• Multipath Estimation
• Quality Testing
• Required Observation Types
• Single Point Positioning
• Satellite Status
General Settings
Automatic RINEX Quality Check
• Archiving
• Global Navigation Files
• Output
• Security
• Site Status
Connection Settings
• NMEA
• Spider Post Processing
• SINEX
• Nivel200
• Spider Network
55
Graphing Settings
• QC Graph Extents
• Displacement Graph Extents
• Troposhere Graph Extents
• Network Error Map Extents
• Tilt Graph Extents
Messaging Settings
• Email Messaging
• SMS Messaging
Map Display Settings
Web Settings
• QC Graphs
• NMEA Graphs
• Spider Post Processing Graphs
• SINEX Graphs
• Languages
56
Menus and Toolbars
Quality Testing and Processing Settings
The main quality settings page contains settings that govern how the quality of a RINEX file is
determined. The quality settings apply for both manual and automatic quality checking.
There is a main quality page and five sub pages, Cycle Slip Detection, Multipath Estimation,
Quality Testing, Required Observation Types, Single Point Positioning and Satellite Status.
Each page can be accessed by the tree view on the left side of the settings dialog.
The settings are divided into the following categories, with each category on a separate page
of the settings dialog:
Quality Testing and Processing Settings (Main Page)
General quality testing parameters.

Range
Elevation Mask The angle (in degrees) below which satellites 0 to 30
will be ignored.
Minimum SV The number of satellites (above the elevation 4 to 12
mask) that is deemed an acceptable number.
The number of epochs with less than this
number will be reported.
57
Minimum SNR The minimum signal to noise ratio of an 0 to 9
observation for it to be regarded as complete.
Use 0 for all observations.
Report Data The maximum time difference (in seconds) 1 to 1000
Gap between epochs that will not be reported.
Gaps greater than this number will be
reported in the Remarks section.
Report Missing The maximum time (in seconds) that a 1 to 3600
SV satellite can be above the elevation mask and
not be observed to without being reported.
Show If this value is set the report produced will Checked

Extended contain additional output. The extended or
Output output includes breakdowns of observations Unchecked
and mutlipath by satellite. This setting applies
to both normal and automatic processing.
Auto Save QC Automatically save the report file when a file is Checked
Report processed using the File...Quality Check or
menu option.. Unchecked
The Restore button may be used to reset all
settings to their default values.
58
Menus and Toolbars
Cycle Slip Detection
Settings that control the testing for cycle slips
• Cycle slip detection by SpiderQC is only done for dual frequency data. For
single frequency data only the flags in the RINEX file are used.

Report If this option is checked SpiderQC will Checked or Unchecked
flagged cycle not do any cycle slip detection of its
slips only own and will only report cycle slips that
were flagged by the receiver.
List all If this option is checked a list of all Checked or Unchecked
flagged cycle flagged cycle slips will be included in
slips in the the QC report with epoch, satellite and
QC check frequency information.
A priori The expected RMS of the code and 0 to 10 metres
widelane RMS phase widelane linear combination in
metres.Default: 0.5m.
Sigma The number of standard deviations an 1 to 10 sigma
signifying slip outlier must be outside to be
considered a cycle slip. Default: 4
sigma.
Min gap to The minimum time between 30 to 3600 seconds
59
begin new arc observations for a new satellite arc to
be started. Default: 301s.
Min outliers The minimum number of consecutive 2 to 10
signifying slip outliers outside 'Sigma Signifying Slip'
to be considered a cycle slip. Default:
3.
IOD signifying The change in ionospheric delay that 50 to 2000 cm/minute
slip signifies an ION slip. Default 800
cm/min.
The Restore button may be used to
reset all settings to their default values.
Multipath Estimation
Settings that control how the MP1 and MP2 multipath estimates are dervied.

Automatically SpiderQC will automatically decide Checked or Unchecked
determine how many points it is appropriate to
points in use in the moving average.
moving
average
60
Menus and Toolbars
Points in MP The number of observations that are 10 to 100

moving used in sequence to compute
average multipath RMS estimates. Default 50.
The Restore button may be used to
reset all settings to their default values.
Quality Testing
Settings that use used to decide if a file passes or fails the quality check.

Max cycle The maximum number of cycles slips the 0 to 1000.
slips per hour data can have with out failing this quality
test.
Max multipath The maximum MP1 or MP2 RMS the data 0.1 to 20m
RMS can have without failing this quality test.
Minimum The minimum percentage of complete 0 to 100%
percentage (valid) observations that the data must
complete have to pass this quality test. The
observations percentage is the number of recorded
observations over the number of possible
obervations based on the available
satellites.
61
Minimum The minimum percentage of epochs that 0 to 100%
percentage of have observations (as opposed to data
epochs with gaps) for the data to pass this test.
data
Ignore orbit If this option is checked, the quality check
related will not fail if there is missing
problems ephemeris/orbit data
Minimum The minimum number of epochs that have 0 to 100%
percentage of at least the minimum number of satellites.
epochs with Note: this is a warning not a pass/fail test
minimum SV because the number of available satellites
cannot necessarily be controlled.
However, sometimes the receiver
firmware will cause a receiver to not track
all available satellites.
The Restore button may be used to reset
all settings to their default values.
62
Menus and Toolbars
Required Observation Types
Defines the observations types that the files are required to contain.

GPS L1, Select the GPS frequencies that are Checked or Unchecked
L2, L5 required. Only GPS observations
containing valid code and phase data for
each of the selected frequencies will be
regarded as a "complete observation" in
the RINEX quality check.
GLONASS Select the GLONASS frequencies that are Checked or Unchecked
L1, L2 required. Only GLONASS observations
containing valid code and phase data for
Galileo L1, Select the Galileo frequencies that are Checked or Unchecked
E5a, E5b, required. Only Galileo observations
E5a+b containing valid code and phase data for
63
Single Point Positioning
Defines parameters used to control the calculation of the station coordinates.

Observable Frequency of the code observations C1, P1 or P3
to be used when estimating the
receiver coordinates via a single
point positioning (SPP). P3 is the
ionospheric-free linear combination.
Ionospheric Ionospheric model to be applied. None or Klobuchar
Model Klobuchar is the broadcast model.
Tropospheric Tropospheric Model to be applied. None, Modified Hopfield
Model or Saastamoinen
A priori A priori standard deviation of the 0.1 to 100m
sigma observations.
Weighting Weighting model used in the least Equal or Elevation
model squares estimation. Dependant
For information on the algorithm

used for the weighting see Elevation
Dependant Weighting.
64
Menus and Toolbars
Satellite Status
In this settings page is a list of all satellites that are supported. To disable satellites
from the quality check, uncheck them here. It may be a good idea to disable satellites
with known problems so that they are not biasing the quality check. For example the
GLONASS satellite R9 is not transmitting L2 data and hence will always have missing
data.
These settings are distinct from the Enable/Disable Satellites option under the Raw
Data Analysis menu in that they:
• Only apply to the quality check

• Are remembered after the program is closed
Related Topics
General Settings
Automatic RINEX Quality Check Settings
Connection Settings
65
Graphic Settings
Messaging Settings
Web Settings
66
Menus and Toolbars
General Settings
The General settings apply to the program and in general and the manual quality check.
Program Settings (Main Page)

Coordinate The Bernese format coordinate file that contains
File the reference coordinates for NMEA coordinate
plots.
• You can create or edit Bernese

coordinate files using Edit Coordinates
in the Tools menu.
False The false easting used when projecting

Easting coordinates to UTM easting and northing.
False The false northing used when projecting Checked or
Northing coordinates to UTM easting and northing. Unchecked
Local Time Show times in local time. If not selected the UT Checked or
(GMT) times will be used. Unchecked
Note: It may be necessary to close and then re-

open the user interface for all of the dates in the
Messages tab to be updated to the new format.
67
Related Topics
General Settings
Connection Settings
Graphic Settings
Messaging Settings
Web Settings
68
Menus and Toolbars
The Automatic Program Operations settings page contains settings that govern how the
automatic processing runs.
There is an Automatic RINEX Quality Check main page and seven sub pages, Archiving,
Global Navigation Files, Output, Security and Site Status. Each page can be accessed by the
tree view on the left side of the settings dialog.
69
Automatic RINEX Quality Check (Main Page)
General parameters that govern automatic processing.

Range
Program In Stand-alone mode SpiderQC does not Stand-alone
Mode directly interact with another program during or
the automatic RINEX processing (that it may Integrated
during the site configuration). with
SpiderWeb
In the Integrated with SpiderWeb mode
SpiderQC will try to automatically
synchronize the site information and other
settings with Leica SpiderWeb 2.0 or later
installed on the same computer. If this mode
is selected than the check box Force use of
asp.net directed links (for use together
with SpiderWeb or GeoMoS Web) on the
Web Settings main page will be checked.
Resume If this option is selected automatically Checked or
automatic processing will start the moment SpiderQC is Unchecked
processing loaded without any user intervention.
on program
startup
Load Selecting this option make SpiderQC Checked or
automatically automatically load when the system is Unchecked
on system booted. Note: the user must have
startup administrative rights to for this option to work.
Late files SpiderQC will continue trying the process late Checked or
expire after files until the difference between the Unchecked
expected time of arrival and the current time plus a time
exceeds this setting. Files that are more than between 1
this value late will be considered missing. and 1000
hours
Check for Sets the interval at which SpiderQC will A time
late files check for RINEX files that are deemed to be between 1
every late. and 1440
minutes
Store If this option is checked SpiderQC will create Checked or
70
Menus and Toolbars
individual a .QC report for every file that is Unchecked

QC report automatically processed. The files will be
files placed in the QC Output Path below.
QC Output The path where SpiderQC stores all of the Valid

Path .QC and graph files generated during absolute
automatic RINEX processing. directory
Archiving
Settings that control archiving of the RINEX files.

Archive Select this option to enable automatic Checked or
Data archiving. unchecked
Archive The full path name of the directory where the Valid absolute
Path input files are to be archived. Files with be directory
segregated by GPS week and station.
Move files If this option is selected the input files will be Checked or
moved (copied then deleted) from the input unchecked
directory to the archive directory. If this option
is not selected the files will be copied.
71
Global Navigation Files
Settings that control the RINEX file naming convention that is used.

Range
Use global If this option is selected SpiderQC will use a single set of navigation Checked
navigation files for all stations rather than expect that the navigation files are or
files stored together with each station. unchecked
File Site ID The 4 character station ID that is used for the navigation files (e.g. 4 ASCII
EPHM or BRDC). Characters
Archive The type of archive that the files are contained in. None, Zip
Type or Unix
Compress
Multiple The type of file extension that is used if the file is contained in an No,*
Extensions archive. ??0.zip or
*.rnx.zip
Root Path The root level folder containing the RINEX data. A valid
absolute
directory
Directory The station specific sub-directory where the individual RINEX files are Valid
Naming contained. A list of predefined directory structures corresponding to Directory
convention what is available in Leica GNSS Spider is given. There is also the Names
possibility to configure the path manually using the following Relative
72
Menus and Toolbars
wildcards: the Data

Path
%Y Four digit year
%y Two digit year
%m Two digit month
%M Month as text
%c Month as text (abbreviated)
%d Two digit day of month
%j Three digit day of year (Julian day)
%G The GPS week
%w The day of the GPS week
Output
Settings that use used to control automatically generated graphs.

Create web If this value is set SpiderQC will generate and Checked or
page maintain a station quality summary web page Unchecked
as part of the automatic processing. See
Automatic Quality Check and Web Settings for
more information.
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Graph If this value is set graphs of all the quality Checked or
Output indicators will be generated automatically as Unchecked
part of automatic processing.
Calendar The automatically generated graphs will show Checked or
Month all files processed in that calendar month. Unchecked
GPS Week The automatically generated graphs will show Checked or
all files processed in that GPS week. Unchecked
Note:
• Additional settings that govern the format of the graphs may be found in the
general Graph Settings page.
• Additional settings that govern the format and content of the web page may be
found in the general Web Settings page.
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Menus and Toolbars
Security
Defines what security measures are used.

Monitor If this value is set SpiderQC will check for Checked or
Files spurious files. This option may be useful in Unchecked
guarding a system against hackers.
Expected The file extensions (wildcards may be used) of File extensions
File Types the files that are expected to be found in the (wildcards
input and output directories. Files that do not accepted)
match this list will be reported in the log,
(optionally) reported by email and (optionally)
deleted.
Include If this option is selected files that do not have Checked or
Files With an extension will be included in the expected unchecked
No file types
Extension
Delete Files If this option is selected any files found that do Checked or
not match the list of expected file types will unchecked
automatically deleted. If this option is not set
the existence of all spurious files will be
reported every time the monitoring process is
run.
75
Site Status
Defines how the traffic light status indicators are used.

Minimum/Maximum The number of files that are used in Greater than 1.
Files the calculation of the station status Minimum must be
indicators. less than or equal
to the maximum.
QC Fails The range of quality test failures for Non negative
each status (green, amber and red). integer. Minimum
must be less than
or equal to the
maximum.
Not Available The range of files not available for Non negative
each status (green, amber and red). integer. Minimum
must be less than
or equal to the
maximum.
Overall (QC and/or The range of combined quality test Non negative
Not Available) failures and files not available for integer. Minimum
each status (green, amber and red). must be less than
or equal to the
maximum.
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Menus and Toolbars
Related Topics
General Settings
Connection Settings
Graphic Settings
Messaging Settings
Web Settings
77
Connection Settings
These settings apply to the various connection options, such as NMEA, GNSS Spider Post
Processing and Nivel200, that can be configured using the Edit menu and activated via the
Connect menu.
There are five sub pages, NMEA, Spider Post Processing, SINEX, Nivel200 and Spider
Network in the Connections setting page. There is no Connection settings main page. Each
page can be accessed by the tree view on the left side of the settings dialog.
NMEA
These settings apply to the Connect...NMEA menu option.

Update plot This option is used to decrease the CPU Active or Inactive, a
periodically usage when plotting data from a data time between 1 and
and not when stream. Rather than updating the plot 5000 seconds
new data is every time new data is received, the plot
received will be updated not more than the
specified number of seconds.
Create web Creates a web page with the displacement Active or Inactive, a
78
Menus and Toolbars
page output plots selected in the Web Settings. time between 1 and
60 minutes
Automatically When the program is started (the first
reconnect instance only) the NMEA connections will
when the be re-established and the graphs (and
program is optionally the web page) updated.
loaded
Period to This option specifies how much data the A time between 1
store in plot will store in memory when plotting minute and 24 hours
memory data from a data stream. The value is set
in minutes or hours from the current time.
Data older than this amount will be
discarded and hence this value sets the
maximum time range for the data that can
be shown in the plot.
Period to This option specifies the maximum age of A time between 1
display in the the data to be displayed in the plot. minute and 24 hours
plot
Plot title The title shown in the displacement
graphs in the user interface. No title is
given in the plots on the web page,
instead a text description is given for each
plot type.
Automatically If this option is checked then the minimum
scale the plot and maximum values of the plot axes will
to fit the data automatically scale to match in the data.
Otherwise the values used in the
Displacement Graph Extents settings will
be used.
79
These settings apply to the Connect...Spider Post Processing menu option.

60 minutes
reconnect instance only) the Spider PP Positioning
when the connections will be re-established and the
program is graphs (and optionally the web page)
loaded updated.
store in plot will store in memory when plotting minute and 60 years
80
Menus and Toolbars

display in the the data to be displayed in the plot. minute and 60 years
plot
plot type.
be used.
SINEX
These settings apply to the Connect...SINEX menu option.
81
60 minutes
reconnect instance only) the SINEX file connections
when the will be re-established and the graphs (and
loaded
store in plot will store in memory when plotting minute and 60 years
display in the the data to be displayed in the plot. minute and 60 years
plot
plot type.
Displacement Graph Extents and
Troposphere Graph Extents settings will
be used.
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Menus and Toolbars
Nivel200
These settings apply to the Connect...Nivel200 menu option.

Create web Creates a web page with the tilt and Active or Inactive, a
page output temperature plots selected in the Web time between 1 and
Settings. 60 minutes
reconnect instance only) the Nivel connections will
when the be re-established and the graphs (and
loaded
store in plot will store in memory when plotting minute and 24 hours
83
display in the the data to be displayed in the plot. minute and 24 hours
plot
Plot title The title shown in the tilt graphs in the
user interface. No title is given in the plots
on the web page, instead a text
description is given for each plot type.
Otherwise the values used in the Tilt
Graph Extents settings will be used.
Spider Network
These settings apply to the Connect...Spider Network Server menu option.
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Menus and Toolbars

Update Select the update interval. The rate or 10s, 20s, 30s, 1min
interval interval at which the maps will be updated. or 2 mins
Create web Creates a web page with the residual error Active or Inactive, a
page output maps and global RMS time series. time between 1 and
60 minutes
Automatically When the program is started (the first -
reconnect instance only) the Spider Network Server
when the connection will be re-established and the
program is graphs (and optionally the web page)
loaded updated.
Period to The time period of the RMS time series 1 to 24 hours
show global shown in the user interface, web page and
RMS values log files.
Extrapolation The distance outside the boundaries of 0 to 60 minutes of
distance the network that the maps will be arc
extrapolated.
Note:
• No automatic scaling option is available for the network maps. The settings in
the Network Error Map Extents settings will be used.
Related Topics
General Settings
Connection Settings
Graphic Settings
Messaging Settings
Web Settings
85
Graphing Settings
The main graph settings page contains settings that govern the format of the graphs that are
generated using SpiderQC.
There is a Graphing settings main page and four sub pages, QC Graph Extents,
Displacement Graph Extents, Troposphere Graph Extents, Network Error Map Extents and
Tilt Graph Extents. Each page can be accessed by the tree view on the left side of the
settings dialog.
86
Menus and Toolbars
Graph Settings (Main Page)
General graph format settings.
• These settings also apply to most graphs generated using the Raw Data
Analysis menu.

Plot Size The Base Width and Base Height are used to 320 to 2000
(Graphs) define the default size in pixels of timeline and pixels
similar graphs saved to file when using the
File...Quality Check (Graphs) menu and
when creating web pages.
Plot Size The Base Width and Base Height are used to 320 to 2000
(Maps) define the default size in pixels of maps saved pixels
to file when using the File...Quality Check
(Graphs) menu and when creating web
pages.
Plot Size The size of the graphs that are created using 100, 90, 80,
(Screen) the Results … Plot Graph menu or by the 75, 60 or
automatic quality check. A size suitable for 50%
your monitor's display settings should be
used. Default 100.
Plot Size The size of the graphs that are contained in 100, 90, 80,
(Web) the web page generated automatically or by 75, 60 or
using the Results … Create Web Page 50%
menu. A small graph size than normal may be
preferable to decrease download time for
users.
Line Graph Options:

Show Markers will be shown on the graph indicating where the data
Points points are.
Show Bars will be drawn to indicated the precision (2 sigma) of the
precisions data. This is only supported with SINEX data which contains
(when precision information.
available)
Vector Plot and Map Options:
Show Point Markers will be shown to indicate the position of the site.
87
Markers
Show Point Labels will be shown to indicate the name of the site.
Labels
Show A grid of latitude and longitude will be shown to indicate the
Gridlines scale of the map
General The Background, Plot, Plot Area, Text, Depends on

Colours Borders and Threshold colours to be used in video
the graphs. display
settings
NOVA Map The Site OK and Site Not Fixed colours to be Depends on
Colours: used in the NOVA maps. video
display
settings
88
Menus and Toolbars
QC Graph Extents
Used to set the display settings for each of the graphs used to display results from
automatic quality checking.
In this dialog the minimum and maximum y-value and the spacing between tick marks
may be specified for all graphs that are available to display output from automatic
quality checking. The graph extents are listed for each graph type, not each individual
graph. A complete lists of the graph types is shown below with the graph type.
Plot Description Type

Cycle slips A plot of the number of cycles slips above the Cycle Slip
elevation mask for each file.
Cycle Slips
Per 1000
Obs
DOP A plot of the average GDOP and PDOP for each DOP
file.
Latency A plot of the difference between the nominal file Latency
creation time and the actual file creation time for
each file.
Multipath A plot of the overall MP1 RMS and MP2 RMS Multipath
estimate for each file.
No SV A plot of the average number of satellites tracked No SV
89
for each file.
Outliers A plot of the estimated number of outliers for each Outliers
file.
Percentages A plot of completeness that shows the percentage Percentages
of
• complete observations compared to the

theoretical number of possible observations
for each file.
• of complete observations compared to the
number of measured observations for each
file.
• epochs that has measurements to at least
the specified minimum number of satellites.
• of epochs with measurements compared to
the theoretical number of possible epochs
for each file.
90
Menus and Toolbars
Displacement Graph Extents
Used to set the display settings for each of the graphs used to display displacement
calculated from NMEA or Spider Post Processing data.

2D / Coordinate A time series plot of the plan 2D / Coordinate Quality
Quality displacement.
3D A time series plot of the 3D
absolute displacement.
Longitudinal A time series plot of the Longitudinal
longitudinal displacement.
Transverse A time series plot of the Transverse
transverse displacement.
Easting/Northing A time series plot of the Easting/Northing
displacement in easting and
northing.
Height A time series plot of the Height
displacement in height.
91
2D Scatter A scatter plot of the plan 2D Scatter
displacement.
HDOP A time series of the HDOP
Horizontal Dilution of
Precision.
Satellites Used A time series of the number Satellites Used
of satellites used in the
position solution.
Age of Data A time series of the age of the Age of Data
reference data (GNSS
differential corrections).
Vectors
Scale Factor Enter a scale factor. A scale 0.01 to 1000

factor of 1 will display the
vector displacement at actual
size. ie. 1cm displacement
will be 1cm long on the
screen.
92
Menus and Toolbars
Troposphere Graph Extents
Used to set the display settings for each of the graphs used to display estimated
tropospheric zenith path delay (ZPD) and gradients estimated by a geodetic software
and recorded in SINEX format. Refer to the SINEX Interface for more information.

Zenith Path A time series plot of estimated Zenith Path Delay
Delay troposphere zenith path delays.
Zenith A time series plot of estimated Zenith Gradients
Gradients troposphere zenith path delay gradients
in the east/west and north/south.
93
Network Error Map Extents
Used to set the display settings for each of the graphs used to display displacement
calculated from NMEA or Spider Post Processing data.
Plot Description
Ionosphere A map of estimated residual ionosphere error.
Troposphere/Geometry A map of estimated residual troposphere/geometry error.
94
Menus and Toolbars
Tilt Graph Extents
Used to set the display settings for each of the graphs used to display tilt and
temperature data measured with Nivel200 inclination sensors.
Setting Description
Tilt Time series of inclination (tilt) in x and y directions.

Temperature A time series of the internal temperature of the inclination device.
Related Topics
General Settings
Connection Settings
95
Graphic Settings
Messaging Settings
Web Settings
96
Menus and Toolbars
Messaging
The Messaging settings page contains settings that enable the generation of messages and
events by the system. Actual configuration of messages and events is done in the using the
Edit...Messages and Events menu.
There is a Messaging main page and two sub pages, Email messaging settings and SMS
settings . Each page can be accessed by the tree view on the left side of the settings dialog.
Messaging (Main Page)
General parameters that govern automatic processing.

Minimum This setting is used to prevent the system A time between 1
time from becoming overloaded with messages and 3600 seconds
between when performing limit checks and other
messages messages related to high-speed (e.g. 20Hz)
coordinate data.
Minimum This is the minimum amount of disk space on A value between
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disk space any of the drives used by automatic 10 and 100,000
processing. If the disk space drops below this MB
value SpiderQC will generate a message.
Note:
• Events such as the sending of email or running of external applications can be

attached to messages using the Edit...Messages and Events menu.
Email messaging settings
The Email Settings give SpiderQC the necessary information to communicate with the mail
server and send the email error messages specified in the Edit...Messages and Events
section. Details of email messages that failed to send are recorded in the Messages tab.

From The name assigned to the valid e-mail address. -
Name
From The mail address assigned to the valid e-mail Valid e-mail
Address address. address
To The e-mail address of the primary recipient of the Valid e-mail
98
Menus and Toolbars
Address error messages. E.g. the GPS network manager. address(es)

Multiple To addresses may be specified
(delimited by semi-colons).
CC (Optional) The e-mail address of a secondary Valid e-mail
Address recipient of the error messages. Multiple To address(es) or
addresses may be specified (delimited by semi- blank
colons)
Domain The domain name for the e-mail service. Valid domain
name
Server The full address of the local e-mail server. Valid server
address
Port The port number of the local e-mail server. Integer, default 25
SMS Settings
The SMS Settings give SpiderQC the necessary information to communicate with a GSM
modem to send SMS messages specified in the Edit...Messages and Events section. Details
of SMS messages that failed to send are recorded in the Messages tab.
99
COM The serial port to which the GSM modem is Valid COM port
Port attached.
Baud The baud rate used by the GSM modem. Valid baud rate
Rate
Send PIN Specified if SpiderQC needs to send a PIN code Checked or
Code to access the modem. Unchecked
Check If this is activated SpiderQC will give a failure Checked or
that message if the SMS modem does not respond Unchecked
modem with "OK" when a SMS message is sent.
responds
with OK
PIN Code The PIN code needed for SpiderQC to access The PIN code set
the GSM modem. on the GSM
modem
Note: SpiderQC supports the GSM 07.05 specification used by the Leica MC45 GSM
modem. Only modems that support this protocol may be used with SpiderQC.
Related Topics
General Settings
Connection Settings
Graphic Settings
Messaging Settings
Web Settings
100
Menus and Toolbars
The Map Display Settings govern the appearance of the View/Edit tab.

Plot Coastline If this option is selected the associated file Checked or
will be loaded and used to display a Unchecked
coastline in the maps shown in the Network
View tab.
Coast line file The name of the file containing the coast Valid file path and
line data. name
Plot If this option is activated the selected raster Checked or
background image will be loaded in displayed in the Unchecked
image maps shown in the Network View tab.
Alpha value The alpha value is used to control the 0 to 255
intensity of the background image. If the
alpha value is low the picture will have a low
intensity (and will be less distracting). If the
alpha value is high the intensity will be like
(like if you view the image normally in a
viewer).
101
Background The raster image file to be displayed. The Valid file path and
image file following file types are supported: JPEG name
(JPG), Window Bitmap (BMP), Device
Independent Bitmap (DIB), Portable
Network Graphics (PNG) and Tagged
Image File Format (TIF).
Georeferencing For the background image to be properly
georeferenced you must enter the latitude
and longitude of the upper-left and lower-
right corners of the image.
Specify map This option allows the user to specify the Checked or
boundaries latitude and longitude boundaries of the Unchecked
map shown in the Map View tab. If
unchecked then the display area will be
calculated automatically.
Related Topics
General Settings
Connection Settings
Graphic Settings
Messaging Settings
Web Settings
102
Menus and Toolbars
Web Settings
The main web settings page contains settings that govern the content and appearance of the
web page used to communicate the results of automatic quality checking.
There is a main web settings page and four sub pages, QC Graphs, NMEA Graphs, Spider
Post Processing Graphs, SINEX Graphs and Lanuages. Each page can be accessed by the
tree view on the left side of the settings dialog.
• The languages that the web pages are shown in are controlled by XML files
located in the install folder. To add or remove languages refer to the section
Lanuages.
• To change the format of the web page, including e.g. colours, fonts, table design
etc. refer to the section Formatting of Web Pages.
103
Web Settings (Main Page)
General web page settings.

Title The title given to the main web page Text
(index.htm).
Web Path The path to the folder where the web page is Valid Path
to be created.
File Report The maximum length (in hours) of the timer 24 to 720
Length period for which file by file quality checking hours
results will be shown in the "File Summary"
pages of the web page.
Availability The period in days for which the availability of 10 to 365
Report data will be shown in the "File Availability" days
Length pages of the web page.
Include If activated, the individual report for each file Checked or
links to the processed as part of the Automatic RINEX Unchecked
QC report Quality Check will be recorded and linked to
the File Summary page of the web page
output. The files have an automatic clean up
with a life time the same as the Availability
Report Length above.
Force use Use this option when the web page output is Checked or
of asp.net to be displayed in Leica SpiderWeb or Leica Unchecked
directed GeoMoS Web.
links (for
use • If Integrated with SpiderWeb is
together selected in the field Program Mode in
with the Automatic RINEX Quality Check
SpiderWeb (Main page), this option will be
or GeoMoS activated automatically.
Web)
Note:
• The title of the web page is now language specific and must be configured in
the XML language files. See Multi-Language Web Page for more information.
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Menus and Toolbars
QC Graphs
Settings to define what graphs should be shown on the web page.

Check Up to six graphs may be selected to be shown on
Box the "Quality Plots" pages of the web page.
Graph
Selection
Plot data This setting is used to define the time period that A time between 1
from the the graphs will show. and 120 days
last days
105
NMEA Graphs
Settings to define what graphs should be shown on the NMEA web page.

Check Box Up to six graphs may be selected to be shown
Graph on the Real Time Coordinate Analysis web page
Selection (created using Connect...NMEA).
Include A table will be included in the web page that Checked or
connection provides the same information that is available in Unchecked
status the Positioning Status tab. Specifically, the
information following information is listed: Status (icon),
Name, Communications status, Time of last
change, Longitudinal displacement [m],
Transverse displacement [m] and Height
displacement [m]
106
Menus and Toolbars
Spider Post Processing Graphs
Settings to define what graphs should be shown on the Spider Post Processing web page.

Graph on the Post Processed Coordinate Analysis web
Selection page (created using Connect...Spider Post
Processing).
displacement [m]
107
SINEX Graphs
Settings to define what graphs should be shown on the web page.

Graph on the SINEX Analysis web page (created using
Selection Connect...SINEX).
displacement [m]
108
Menus and Toolbars
Languages
Select the language files to be included in the web page output.
Multi-language Web Pages
The language(s) of the web pages created by Leica SpiderQC can be configured by
the user. This is done simply by adding or removing XML (.xml) files from the
Languages folder in the install directory (by default C:\Program Files\Leica
Geosystems\Leica SpiderQC\Language\).
Four languages are included in the install: Chinese, English, French and German. At
least one language file must be in the folder for Leica SpiderQC to create the web
page.
To add a new language
1. Copy an existing XML language file and save it with the name
'??GQCLanguage.xml' where '??' is a two character abbreviation of the
language name (e.g. EN for English, DE for German).
2. Translate the content of the file.
The next time Leica SpiderQC creates the web page, a web page in the new language
will also be created.
Note:
• Do not modify any of the XML tags. The tags are contained within angled
brackets <> and are needed by the program to find the relevant text.
• Do not change the order of and %d, %s or %lf characters within the text or the
web page will not be created correctly and the program could become
unstable.
109
To remove a language
1. Move or delete the XML language file from the Language folder.
2. (Optional) Manually delete any files for the language that have been created
by SpiderQC.
Leica GNSS QC will no longer create a web page in this language. Any existing web
page files will not be deleted.
Formatting of Web Pages
The formatting of the web pages is contained in a Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) file
with the name "style_win_ie.css". The CSS file is stored in the installed folder of
SpiderQC and is copied to the web page folder each time the web page is updated.
The CSS file can be used to change formatting such as colours, fonts, table design etc.
Note:
• The CSS file will be overwritten if you re-install SpiderQC. Please take care to
back up the CSS file should you modify it.
• If you have modified the CSS file please check when you install a new version
of SpiderQC to see if new classes have been added to the CSS file.
Related Topics
General Settings
Connection Settings
Graphic Settings
Messaging Settings
Web Settings
110
Menus and Toolbars
Automate
Automate Menu Summary
The Automate menu offers the following commands:
Command Description
Start... Configure and start automatic processing.
Resume Resume a previously configured automatic processing
session.
Stop Stop automatic processing.
Edit Edits the GNSS reference station details.
Sites...
• Add or edit a site.
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Start... - Automatic Processing
The Start Auto Processing dialog is accessed via the Auto...Start menu and is used to
initiate automatic quality checking. Before this setting is enabled, one or more sites must be
configured in Automate...Edit Stations.
Note: This is a dongle protected option that must be purchased (SpiderQC Automatic
Processing and SpiderQC Additional Site Licence).
All of the configuration is done per site. To start automatic processing it is simply a matter of
setting the date of the first file to be processed. By default this is set to the next hourly file
based on the PC clock.
Start Automatic Processing Settings

Use This check box is used to switch the format of the Checked or
Julian Date of First File setting from Day/Month/Year to Unchecked
Day Day of Year/Year.
Date of This is the date of the first file that SpiderQC will Valid Folder
First try to process. It may be the current date if
File processing in real time (as files are created), or it
may be a previous data if processing or re-
processing existing data.
ID of This is the time identifier for the first file to be a...x or 0
First processed. The format will depend on the file
File naming convention used. Typically it will be a
letter between 'a' and 'x'.
Set An end date should be set if you wish to process Checked or

end old RINEX files and not continue until the current Unchecked
date time. If this option is set the back processing with
stop once the end date is reached. Otherwise
SpiderQC will continue trying to process the files
until the current time is reached, at which point it
will start waiting for files to arrive.
Date of This is the date of the last file that SpiderQC will
Last try to process. It should be at date in the past.
File
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Menus and Toolbars
ID of This is the time identifier for the first file to be

Last processed. The format will depend on the file
File naming convention used. Typically it will be a
letter between 'a' and 'x'.
Related Topics
Auto Program Operation Settings
Edit Reference Station List
Automatic Quality Check - General Information
Analysis of Automatic QC Results
113
Automatic RINEX Quality Check - General Information
The automatic RINEX quality check can used for inspection, alarming, display and distribution
of quality data relating to the data products of a reference network. Status information is
available at a glance using traffic light symbols and other graphics. For more detailed
investigations a range of HTML reports, web pages and graphs can be created as necessary.
Step Action
1 Create one or more reference stations.
Use the menu option Automate … Edit Stations to open the Edit
Reference Stations dialog.
2 Edit the settings.
Configure the quality testing parameters and automatic processing options

using Edit…Settings. See Quality Testing and Processing Settings and
Automatic RINEX Quality Check Settings for more information.
3 Start automatic processing.
To start automatic processing use Automate …Start and enter the settings
in the Start Auto Processing dialog.
4 Stop automatic processing.
Automatic processing may be stopped using Automate …Stop.

5 Resume automatic processing.
To resume a previously configured automatic processing session without

going through the start procedure use Automate … Resume.
During automatic processing some basic output will be saved. These include quality database
files, file QC summaries and the message log. Other output such as graphs and web pages
will be saved depending on what Automatic RINEX Quality Check Settings are used.
114
Menus and Toolbars
Quality Database Files
One Quality Database (QDB) file is generated for each station. These files contain the
processing results for every file automatically processed for a given station. The QDB files are
used to generate the other forms of output, such as graphs, summaries and web pages.
The QDB record for a single file is approximately 150 bytes. Therefore, the QDB file for a
single station that generates a new RINEX file every hour for a period of one year will be
about 1.25MB.
The QDB files are placed in a directory labelled “QDB” within the program’s install directory.
The naming convention used is “<station_name>.qdb” were <station_name> is the name
given to the station in the Edit Reference Stations dialog.
File Summaries
Every files that is processed will have a processing summary file created. The summary is
exactly the same as what would be generated by processing the file manually, with two
exceptions:
1. The observation interval will be taken from the station settings, not from the file. Thus
changes in the observation interval will be detected.
2. The expected file length will be taken from the station settings and used to check if
the file is complete.
The file summaries will be stored using the same file name as the input RINEX file but with
the extension “.QC”. The files are in the Rich Text (RTF) format.
Messages
The message log records all significant events that have occurred during the automatic
processing. Possible events recorded in the message log include:
1. Starting/Stopping of automatic processing.

2. Low disk space warnings.
3. Errors occurred while trying to sent e-mails.
4. File write errors.
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5. Security warnings (spurious file detected).
6. File has low quality
7. File has invalid format
8. File is late
9. File is missing
Events, such as the sending of an e-mail or running of an external application, can be

configured to occur when a message is generated using the Edit...Messages and Events
menu.
The most recent event messages are also recorded in the output tab “Messages”. This is
done so that the user can get a quick summary of the program operation and in case disk
space runs low and the event log file cannot be saved.
Warning: Over time the message log can become very large and affect performance
(such as load time). The user should use the Edit...Clear Messages menu to archive
the old messages and clear the message list from time to time..
Note:
• If a file is not available for processing then it will be recorded as being late.
SpiderQC will continue to try and process the files until it is found and
processed or a certain period has elapsed (see Automatic Program Operation
Settings) and the file is regarded as permanently missing.
• Automatic processing may be configured to start automatically when the
program is loaded. Also SpiderQC can be configured to load automatically
when the operating system starts (see Automatic Program Operation Settings).
• If a station is offline then a record will be made by SpiderQC so that it is known
at a later date why the files for the station were not processed.
• The Messages, Station Status, Station Quality and Map View tabs contain
useful information on the current status of automatic processing.
• The current task being performed by SpiderQC is shown in the status bar.
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Menus and Toolbars
• Reports and graphs may be generated using the options in the Results menu
while automatic programming is in progress. At times when the database files
are in use by the processing kernel, these menu options will be deactivated or
might not respond to user input.
• A dialog box asking for confirmation will be shown when trying to exit the
program while automatic processing is in progress.
• It is possible to process old files or to reprocess data by using the Auto...Start
menu and selecting a suitable start time. All data will be reprocessed and new
results obtained. If a file that was previously processed by no longer exists is
processed the previous results will be kept (i.e. it will not be flagged as
missing).
Related Topics
Edit Reference Station List
Start Automatic Processing
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Edit Sites...
The Edit Reference Stations List dialog is accessed via the Automate...Edit Sites menu and
is used to edit, create and delete sites for automatic processing.
Note:
• Note that if the program mode is set to "Integrated with SpiderWeb" it is not
allowed to create or edit sites manually. See Automatic RINEX Quality Check
Settings for more information.
Edit Sites Settings
Button Description
New Used to create a new site using the Add Site dialog.
Spider connect to a Leica GNSS Spider Site Server to automatically configure
the connections to all suitable File Products. In the Spider Database
settings dialog simply enter the IP address or PC name of the Spider
Site Server and enter your Spider password.
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Menus and Toolbars
For a file product to be added the following conditions must be met:
The File Product must be active.

The Site must be connected and started.
The site must be real (not simulated).
The File Product must be of type RINEX, have static dynamics,
include navigation information, have either None, Zip or Unix
Compress archiving, have a length of between 1 and 24 hours.
Both single site and global file products will be used.
Hatanaka compact RINEX is supported.
• If you re-use From Spider with the same site server it will not
re-add the same products again, but rather add new ones and
check for changes in the existing ones.
• Products that have since been deactivated in Spider will not
automatically be deactivated in SpiderQC.
• If the length of a product is changed, then the old site in
SpiderQC should be deleted and a new one created.
Remove Used to delete a site. Once a station has been deleted the entry is
removed from the stations list. However, the QDB file that contains the
processing results is not deleted. This file must be deleted manually
from the QDB subdirectory of the install directory.
Edit This option opens the Edit Station dialog to edit the station details.
Change This button is used to toggle the status of a site from active (online) to
Status inactive (offline) or visa versa.
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Add Site / Edit Site Dialog
The Add Site dialog is used when creating new sites. The Edit Site dialog will appear when
editing a site.
Note: When editing an existing site it is not possible to change the observation period. To
change this value you must create a new site.

Range
Site Name The name of the reference station. The name for each site Text
must be unique because it is used to identify the site and
name the output QDB file.
Site Code The site code is the four character identifier that 4 ASCII
corresponds with the naming of the RINEX files. There Characters
can be multiple sites with the same abbreviation so that
(for example) 1 hour and daily files may be processed for
the same site.
Status The status of the station. Normally active. If the station is Active or
not producing data then the status should be set to Inactive
inactive.
Include in Select this option if you wish for the results from this site Checked
Web Page to be included in the web page. or
Unchecke
d
Satellite GPS or mixed GPS/GLONASS GPS or
System GPS/GLO
NASS
Observatio The observation rate in seconds that the RINEX files are 0.01s to
n Rate expected to contain. 30s
Observatio The length of the files in hours to be processed. 1, 2, 3, 4,
n Period 6, 12, or
24 hours
Latency The delay in minutes between the nominal file creation 0 and
time and the time the file is expected to be available for 64000
processing. This settings is used to allow the reference
station software time to create the file and the file to be
transmitted from the reference station to the computer
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Menus and Toolbars
doing the processing.

Compact Select this option if the files are compresses using
RINEX Hatanaka compression.
Archive The type of archive that the files are contained in. None, Zip,
Type Unix
Compress
or GZip
Multiple The type of file extension that is used if the file is No,*
Extensions contained in an archive ??0.zip or
*.rnx.zip
Root Path The root level folder containing the RINEX data A valid
absolute
directory
Directory The station specific sub-directory where the individual Valid
Naming RINEX files are contained. A list of predefined directory Directory
convention structures corresponding to what is available in Leica Names
GNSS Spider is given. There is also the possibility to Relative
configure the path manually using the following wildcards: the Data
Path
%Y Four digit year
%y Two digit year
%m Two digit month
%M Month as text
%c Month as text (abbreviated)
%d Two digit day of month
%j Three digit day of year (Julian day)
%G The GPS week
%w The day of the GPS week
Related Topics
Start Automatic Processing
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Results
Results Menu Summary
The Results menu offers the following commands:
Command Description
Plot Graph... Plot a graph of the automatic processing results.
Compile Site Compile a summary report for all sites based on the results of
Report... automatic processing.
Compile File Compiles a file report that details the automatic processing
Report... results for individual files for a chosen station.
Create Web Create a summary web page based on automatic RINEX
Page quality check results. See Web Page Settings for more
information.
View Web Loads the web page in the default web browser.
Page...
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Plot Graph
The Plot Graph dialog is accessed via the Results... Plot Graph menu and is used to plot a
graphs of the automatic RINEX processing results.
Setting Description
Site Select the site you wish to plot the results for.
Graph Select what result you wish to graph.
Graph Description
Cycle slips A plot of the number of cycles slips above the elevation
mask for each file.
Overall Data A plot of completeness that shows the percentage of

Completeness complete observations compared to the theoretical number
of possible observations for each file.
% Complete A plot of completeness that shows the percentage of

Observations complete observations compared to the number of
measured observations for each file.
% Epochs Min SV A plot that shows the percentage of epochs that has
measurements to at least the specified minimum number of
satellites.
% Epochs With A plot of completeness that shows the percentage of epoch

Data with measurements compared to the theoretical number of
possible epochs for each file.
MP1 A plot of the overall MP1 RMS estimate for each file.
Average tracked A plot of the average number of satellites tracked for each
satellites file.
Outliers A plot of the estimated number of outliers for each file.
Latency A plot of the difference between the nominal file creation

time and the actual file creation time for each file.
PDOP A plot of the average PDOP for each file.
GDOP A plot of the average GDOP for each file.
Time Select the time period, there are three options. The last 30 days, this GPS week
Period (enter the week) or this month (enter the month).
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Related Topics
Compile Reports
Graph Settings
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Menus and Toolbars
Compile Site and File Report
The Compile Station Report dialog is accessed via the Results...Compile Station Report
menu and is used to compile a summary report for all stations based on the results of
automatic RINEX processing.
Compile Site Report Settings
Setting Description
Site All sites are included in the report.
Report Overall: The report shows an overall summary of the processing
results with the number of expected, arrived, missing, processed,
passed and failed files.
Quality Statistics: The report shows the average value for each
key quality statistic.
Quality Testing: The report summarised the results of the quality

testing and indicates the that cause for files that have failed
testing.
Full (Detailed): The report includes all of the above information

plus the File Report (below) for each station.
Time Select the time period, there are three options. The last 30 days,
Period this GPS week (enter the week) or this month (enter the month).
Compile File Report Settings
The Compile File Report dialog is accessed via the Results...Compile File Report menu
and is used to compile a file report that details the automatic processing results for individual
files for a chosen station.
Setting Description
Site Select the site.
Report File Summary report showing the status of each file that was
processed or should have been processed in the selected time
period.
Time Select the time period, there are three options. The last 30 days,
Period this GPS week (enter the week) or this month (enter the month).
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Related Topics
Plot Graph
Graph Settings
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Menus and Toolbars
View Web Page
The View Web Page dialog is accessed via the Results...View Web Page menu and is used
to load the various web pages that can be created by Leica SpiderQC.
Setting Description
Web Select either the web page from the following:
Page
Automatic Quality Check : Web page created using the Automatic RINEX
Quality Check.
Network RTK Analysis : Web page created using Connect...Spider

(NOVA) Network Server.
Real Time Coordinate : Web page created using Connect...NMEA.

Analysis
Post Processed : Web page created using Connect...Spider Post

Coordinate Analysis Processing.
Language Select from the available languages.
Related Topics
Web Settings
Plot NMEA
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Raw Data Analysis
Raw Data Analysis Menu Summary
The Raw Data Analysis menu offers the following commands:
• There must be at least one RINEX observation file loaded for the above options to be
available.
coordinates are used for all calculations done by SpiderQC.
Command Description
Residual Set the residual analysis options.
Analysis
Select Select one of the currently loaded observation files as the active
Reference File reference file.
Select Set the receiver / antenna type for the currently loaded observation
Receiver / files.
Antenna
Enable/Disable Set the active and inactive satellites for the raw data analysis.
Satellites
View Available
Satellites
View Tracking Plots the satellite observations and cycle slip information on a
Info skyplot.
SNR Skyplot... Plot a skyplot of SNR values using the currently loaded reference
data.
SNR vs Plot SNR versus elevation using the currently loaded reference data.
Elevation If full SNR information (S1 and S2 observations) are not available
then the mapped values will be used.
SNR Time Plot SNR versus time using the currently loaded reference data. If full
Series SNR information (S1 and S2 observations) are not available then the
mapped values will be used.
Code Plot a skyplot of code multipath estimates using the currently loaded
Multipath reference data.
Skyplot...
Code Plot code multipath MP1 and (if possible) MP2 RMS and MP5 RMS
Multipath vs estimates versus elevation using the currently loaded reference data.
Elevation
Code Plot a time series of code multipath error versus time for a single
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Multipath Time satellites using the currently loaded reference data.

Series...
Phase Plot a skyplot of phase multipath estimates using the currently
Multipath loaded reference data. This menu is only available if the selected
Skyplot reference file contains triple frequency GPS or Galileo data.
Phase Plot phase multipath RMS estimates versus elevation using the
Multipath vs currently loaded reference data. This menu is only available if the
Elevation selected reference file contains triple frequency GPS or Galileo data.
Phase Plot a time series of phase multipath error versus time for a single
Multipath Time satellites using the currently loaded reference data. This menu is
Series only available if the selected reference file contains triple frequency
GPS or Galileo data.
Receiver Plot the receiver clock offset versus time using the currently loaded
Clock... reference data.
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Residual Analysis Options
The Residual Analysis options dialog is accessed via the Raw Data Analysis...Residual
Analysis menu and is used to control the content of the Offline View tab when analyzing
loaded RINEX observation files (see the File menu, Raw Data Analysis menu and Select
Reference File for further information).
• This is a dongle protected option that must be purchased (SpiderQC Advanced

Data Analysis). See the Licensing page for a list of all program options.
Before you begin
Before you begin to set the residual analysis settings, you must make sure that
• There must be at least one RINEX observation file loaded for the Offline View to be
updated.
• The Offline View window is also used for NMEA and Spider Post Processing analysis
and while either of these is active changing the Plot View Settings will not have any
effect.
coordinates are used for all calculations done by SpiderQC for the sake of
consistency.
Residual Analysis Options
• As with all plots it is important to have accurate header coordinates in the RINEX
observation files.
• The elevation mask defined in the Quality Settings will be used.
Setting Description
Choose the value Select either residual (corrected observation) or satellite
type: elevation or signal to noise ratio.
Choose the Select either zero (undifferenced), single difference
difference level: (between receiver single difference), double difference or
triple difference. For single, double and triple differences
more than one RINEX observation file with overlapping
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Menus and Toolbars
observations must be loaded for the plot to display data.

Allow mixed Select this option to enable double differences to be
satellite systems computed with a mixture of GPS and GLONASS satellites.
If this option is not enabled then a different reference
satellite will be used for GPS and GLONASS.
Choose the Select either L1, L2, ionosphere free, geometry free or
frequency to be widelane. Select either code or phase observations.
used:
Plot units Select either metres or cycles. When the unit cycles is used
with non-integer quantities such as the ionosphere-free and
geometry-free linear combinations, the values will be scaled
to GPS L1 cycles.
Choose the
corrections to be
applied:
Geometry The code or phase pseudoranges are corrected by the
distance from the receiver (based on the coordinates in the
header of the RINEX file) to the satellite computed from the
RINEX navigation data. Relativistic corrections are applied.
This correction is always applied for single, double and
triple differences.
SV Clock The code or phase pseudoranges are corrected by the
satellite clock offset computed from the clock terms in the
RINEX navigation files. This correction is disabled for
single, double and triple differences since the error is
cancelled by the formation of the differences.
RX Clock The code or phase pseudoranges are corrected by the
satellite clock offset computed using a single point position
(see Edit...Settings, Quality Settings, Single Point
Positioning for more information). For single differences
the average error across all satellites (with no weighting) is
used. This correction is disabled for double and triple
differences since the error is cancelled by the formation of
the differences.
Ionosphere The code or phase pseudoranges are corrected by
ionospheric delay computed from the Klobuchar model
contained in the RINEX navigation data (if available).
Troposphere The code or phase pseudoranges are corrected by
tropospheric delay computed from the Modified Hopfield
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model based on a standard atmosphere.
Nominal Epoch The code pseudoranges are corrected by the millisecond
offsets in the time of observation field (a technique used by
some legacy receivers to maintain the time of measurement
to within one millisecond of the nominal GPS measurement
time).
Antenna PCV The measurements are corrected for antenna phase centre
variations and offsets. The antenna models can be loaded
using File...Import...Antenna PCV Corrections. When an
observation file is loaded using File...Open Observation
File the antenna name in the RINEX file used to select the
appropriate antenna corrections. If no match is found a
warning message is shown in the load file report in the
Output tab. To manually set the antenna correction file use
the Raw Data Analysis...Select Antenna menu.
Inter-frequency The residuals are corrected for inter-frequency biases
Biases which may been seen when combining GLONASS data
from different brands of receiver. This settings should be
used in combination with SD Reference Ambiguity Method
1 when doing phase levelling.
Choose the
phase levelling
options:
Level Phase The phase pseudoranges are ambiguity levelled to remove
the integer ambiguity.
• The L1 and L2 ambiguities are levelled prior to

formation of any linear combination (e.g.
ionosphere free, geometry free or widelane).
• The ambiguity levelling is not robust (only a single
epoch of data is used) and it is possible that in
some circumstances (in particular with zero or
single difference data and long baseline data) that
the integers are not fully removed.
• If the ambiguities are not fully removed, a bias of
one or so cycles bias will remain in the L1 and L2
residual plots. For the geometry free and
ionosphere free plots the resulting bias will be a
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Menus and Toolbars
non-integer number of cycles.

• Cycle slip detection is done by SpiderQC unless
the "Use only flagged cycle slips" option is
activated.
• L2C phase has a bias relative to P1 and C1 derived
phase.
SD Reference The single difference reference ambiguity is estimated. This

Ambiguity is important when combining data from different satellite
systems to account for differences in the L1 and L2
frequencies. If combined GPS/GLONASS data is used and
this option is not selected then a non-integer bias will be
introduced for each mixed system satellite pair due to the
difference in the L1/L2 frequencies. Three methods are
given:
Method 1:
This method is suitable for baselines of all lengths, but will

only calculate an approximate value for the SD Reference
Ambiguity.
Method 2:
This method is only suitable for zero baselines, but will give
a better estimate.
Manual:
Method 2 is used and then the user is presented with a

dialog where they can modify the value that is used to do
tuning.
See the Quick Guide: Measure GLONASS Hardware

Biases for more information
For information on the algorithm see Single Difference

Reference Ambiguity.
Use only flagged If this option is set the phase levelling will only be done if
cycle slips the Level Phase option is set and a) the first time a satellite
is processed b) a satellite has just risen and c) there is a
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flagged cycle slip. This option is useful for finding unflagged
cycle slips. See the Quick Guide: Detection of Unflagged
Cycle Slips for more information.
Choose the X Select either time, satellite elevation or elevation and
axis of the plot: azimuth (skyplot).
Scatter plot Select this option to just display data points. Otherwise time
line diagrams will be drawn.
Tips:
• Zero difference residuals with no corrections selected shows the raw code or
phase measurements.
• Zero difference residuals with only Geometry and SV Clock corrections is useful
for detecting corrupt data. If the data is okay all satellites should have the same
trend (caused by the receiver clock).
• Constant linear drifts in double difference residuals indicate low accuracy header
coordinates. The drift in each double difference pair may have different rates and
signs.
Related Topics
Select Reference File
Enable/Disable Satellites
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Multipath vs Elevation
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Menus and Toolbars
Multipath Time Series
Receiver Clock
Sample Plots
1. Time Series of Undifferenced Code Pseudorange Measurements:
Corrections applied: None
135
Corrections applied: Geometry
136
Menus and Toolbars
Corrections applied: Geometry, Satellite clock
137
Corrections applied: Geometry, Satellite clock, Receiver clock
138
Menus and Toolbars
Corrections applied: Geometry, Satellite clock, Receiver clock, Ionosphere, Troposphere
139
6. Time Series of Satellite Elevation:
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Menus and Toolbars
7. Time Series of Ambiguity Levelled L1 Double Difference Phase Residuals (zero

baseline):
Corrections applied: Geometry, Satellite Clock, Receiver Clock, Phase Levelling
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8. Time Series of Ambiguity Levelled L1 Double Difference Phase Residuals (3.3km
baseline):
Corrections applied: Geometry, Satellite Clock, Receiver Clock, Troposphere, Phase

Levelling
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Menus and Toolbars
9. Time Series of Ambiguity Levelled L1 Double Difference Phase Residuals (3.3km

baseline):
Corrections applied: Geometry, Satellite Clock, Receiver Clock, Troposphere, Antenna

Phase Centre Variations, Phase Levelling
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10. Azimuth and Elevation Plot of Ambiguity Levelled L1 Double Difference Phase
Residuals (3.3km baseline):
Corrections applied: Geometry, Satellite Clock, Receiver Clock, Troposphere, Phase

Levelling
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Menus and Toolbars
11. Time Series of L1 Triple Difference Phase Residuals (3.3km baseline):
Corrections applied: Geometry, Satellite Clock, Receiver Clock
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Select one of the currently loaded observation files as the active reference file. The reference
file is the one that will be used to general all graphs and data summaries.
Select Reference File Settings
• Only the selected file will be used for the analysis. If multiple files from the same
station are loaded they will not be merged. To combine multiple files for analysis use
the RINEX concatenation and decimation tools.
Setting Description
Reference A list of all of the currently loaded observation files. Select the file that
File is to be used for the analysis.
Rover File A list of all of the currently loaded observation files. Select the file that
is to be used for the rover when viewing singe, double and triple
difference residuals (see Raw Data Analysis...Residual Analysis
Settings).
Reference A list of all satellites available in the currently selected reference file.
SV Select the satellites that is to be used as the reference for viewing
double and triple difference residuals (see Raw Data
Analysis...Residual Analysis Settings).
The option MostObs sets the reference as the satellite with the most
observations and the highest average elevation over the whole period
of the file.
The option Highest sets the reference initially as the satellite with the
highest elevation. With the setting Highest the satellite will be changes
only when the satellite drops below 30 degrees at which time the
current highest satellite will be used. Thus for longer files the Highest
satellite is the only way to see the entire period.
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Menus and Toolbars
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
147
Select Receiver / Antenna
The Satellites dialog is accessed via the Raw Data Analysis, Enable/Disable Satellites...
menu and is used to control which satellites will be used and shown in the various plots
available in the Data Analysis menu.
• The antenna models can be loaded using File...Import...Antenna PCV Corrections.

• When an observation file is loaded using File...Open Observation File the antenna
name in the RINEX file used to select the appropriate antenna corrections. If no
match is found a warning message is shown in the load file report in the Output tab.
• The calibrations are only used when viewing residuals via Raw Data Analysis...Plot
View Settings.
Select Antenna Calibration Settings
Setting Description
File Select one of the currently loaded observation files.
RINEX This field shows the name of the antenna contained in the header of
Header the currently selected RINEX observation file.
Calibration Select the antenna calibration record to be used with this
observation file.
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Menus and Toolbars
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
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The Satellites dialog is accessed via the Raw Data Analysis, Enable/Disable Satellites...
menu and is used to control which satellites will be used and shown in the various plots
available in the Data Analysis menu.
• On opening the program all satellites will be activated (the settings are not saved).
• These settings have no influence on the Quality Check. To disable satellites for the
quality check use Edit...Settings...Satellite Status.
Satellite Settings
Setting Description
G1, G2, ... Active or deactivate an individual GPS satellite.
G32
R1, R2, ... Active or deactivate an individual GLONASS satellite.
R25
Button Description
GPS Toggle all GPS satellites on/off.
GLO Toggle all GLONASS satellites on/off.
GAL Toggle all Galileo satellites on/off.
All Activate all satellites.
None Deactivate all satellites.
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Menus and Toolbars
Related Topics
Residual Analysis Settings
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
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View Tracking Info
The Raw Data Analysis, View Tracking Info... menu is used to plot a skyplot of the
recorded observations, missing observations and cycle slips contained in the currently
selected reference file. When a 24 hour input file is used this plot can help to visually identify
obstructions.
Note:
• After closing the plot numerical summary data is available in the Output tab.
Sample Plot
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Menus and Toolbars
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
153
View Available Satellites
The Raw Data Analysis, View Available Satellites... menu shows the number of GPS,
GLONASS, Galileo and total satellites tracked by the receiver for each epoch of the selected
reference file. No check on the quality of the observation is made.
Sample Plot:
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Menus and Toolbars
SNR Skyplot
The Plot Skyplot Settings dialog is accessed via the Raw Data Analysis, SNR Skyplot...
menu and is used to plot a skyplot of SNR (signal to noise ratio) values using the currently
loaded reference data.
SNR Skyplot settings
• If the S1 and/or S2 observations (full SNR values) are available they will be used.
Otherwise the mapped values (0-9) will be used.
Setting Description
Choose the style of This settings is fixed.
the plot
Choose the Select L1 or L2.
frequency of the
plot
Choose the plot Select automatic scale or enter the scale.
range
155
Sample Plot
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
156
Menus and Toolbars
Receiver Clock
157
SNR vs Elevation
The Raw Data Analysis, SNR vs Elevation... menu is used to plot a scatter plot of SNR
(signal to noise ratio) values with SNR on the y-axis and satellite elevation (in degrees) on the
x-axis. The currently selected reference file is used as the data source.
There are no options for this plot.
Sample Plot
Related Topics
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Menus and Toolbars
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
159
SNR Time Series
The Raw Data Analysis, SNR Time Series... menu is used to plot a time line diagram of the
SNR (signal to noise ratio) values with SNR on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. The
currently selected reference file is used as the data source.
SNR Time Series Settings
Setting Description
Choose the style of the plot This settings is fixed.
Choose the frequency of the plot Select L1 or L2.
Choose the plot range Select automatic scale or enter the scale.
Sample Plot
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Menus and Toolbars
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
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Code Multipath Skyplot
The plot code skyplot settings dialog is accessed via the Raw Data Analysis, Code
Multipath Skyplot... menu and is used to plot a skyplot of multipath estimates using the
currently loaded reference data.
• After closing the plot, numerical summary data is available in the Output tab.
Multipath Sky Plot Settings
Setting Description
Choose the style of the plot RMS: The graphs shows using a colour range the MP1
or MP2 RMS.
Time Series: The graphs shows MP1 or MP2 residuals.

Choose the frequency of the Select L1 or L2
plot
Choose the plot range Select automatic scale or enter the scale.
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Menus and Toolbars
Sample RMS Plot
163
Sample Residual Plot
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
164
Menus and Toolbars
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
165
Code Multipath vs Elevation
The Raw Data Analysis, Code Multipath vs Elevation... menu is used to plot a scatter plot
of MP1 and (if possible) MP2 RMS estimates with the RMS on the y-axis and satellite
elevation (in degrees) on the x-axis. The currently selected reference file is used as the data
source.
Sample Plot
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
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Menus and Toolbars
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
167
Code Multipath Time Series
The plot code multipath time series settings dialog is accessed via the Raw Data Analysis,
Code Multipath Time Series... menu and is used to plot a time series of multipath error
versus time for a single satellite using the currently loaded reference data.
Code Multipath Time Series Settings
Setting Description
Choose the SV A list of the satellites contained in the reference file with
to Plot the number of observations to that satellite.
Choose the Offset: The offset in meters to be made to the MP2 time
plot settings series to make the plot easier to analyze.
Sample Plot
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
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Menus and Toolbars
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
169
Phase Multipath Skyplot
The plot phase skyplot settings dialog is accessed via the Raw Data Analysis, Phase
Multipath Skyplot... menu and is used to plot a skyplot of multipath estimates using the
Note:
• This menu is only available if the selected reference file contains triple
frequency GPS or Galileo data.
Phase Multipath Sky Plot Settings
Setting Description
Choose the RMS: The graphs shows using a colour range the MP1 or MP2
style of the RMS.
plot
Time Series: The graphs shows MP1 or MP2 residuals.
Choose the Select L1 or L2
frequency of
the plot
Choose the Select automatic scale or enter the scale.
plot range
170
Menus and Toolbars
Phase Multipath vs Elevation
The Raw Data Analysis, Phase Multipath vs Elevation... menu is used to plot a scatter plot
of MP1 and (if possible) MP2 RMS estimates with the RMS on the y-axis and satellite
elevation (in degrees) on the x-axis. The currently selected reference file is used as the data
source.
Note:
171
Phase Multipath Time Series
The plot phase multipath time series settings dialog is accessed via the Raw Data Analysis,
Phase Multipath Time Series... menu and is used to plot a time series of multipath error
versus time for a single satellite using the currently loaded reference data.
Note:
Phase Multipath Time Series Settings
Setting Description
Choose the SV A list of the satellites contained in the reference file with
to Plot the number of observations to that satellite.
Choose the Offset: The offset in meters to be made to the MP2 time
plot settings series to make the plot easier to analyze.
172
Menus and Toolbars
Receiver Clock
The Raw Data Analysis, Receiver Clock... menu is used to plot a time series of the receiver
clock offset.. The currently selected reference file is used as the data source.
Receiver Clock Settings
Setting Description
Choose the The receiver clock may be either shown in metres or in
plot unit milliseconds.
Sample Plot
Related Topics
View Tracking Info
SNR Skyplot
SNR vs Elevation
SNR Time Series
173
Multipath Skyplot
Receiver Clock
174
Menus and Toolbars
Connect
Connect Menu Summary
The Connect menu offers the following commands:
Command Description
NMEA Real time plotting of multiple time series of NMEA data
configured in Edit...NMEA Connections.
NMEA (Offline)... Offline plotting of multiple time series of NMEA data configured in
Edit...NMEA Connections.
Disconnect NMEA Disconnects all active NMEA data streams.
Spider Post Near real time plotting of multiple time series of Spider Post
Processing... Processing data configured in Edit...Spider Post Processing.
Spider Post Offline plotting of multiple time series of Spider Post Processing
Processing data configured in Edit...Spider Post Processing.
(Offline)...
Disconnect Spider Disconnects all active Spider Post Processing database
Post Processing connections.
SINEX Near real time plotting of multiple time series of SINEX data
configured in Edit...SINEX Interface.
SINEX (Offline) Offline plotting of multiple time series of SINEX data configured in
Edit...SINEX Interface.
Disconnect SINEX Disconnects all active Spider SINEX database connections.
Nivel200 Connect and log data from multiple Nivel210/220 inclination
sensors configured in Edit...Nivel200.
Spider Network Connect and display ionosphere and troposphere information
Server derived from Spider Network processing configured in
Edit...Spider Network Server.
Disconnect Spider Disconnects from the Spider Network Server.
Network Server
Disconnect Nivel200 Disconnects all active Nivel210/220 sensors.
Reconnect Reconnects all previously active NMEA, Spider Post Processing,
Nivel and Spider Network Server connections.
Disconnect (All) Disconnects all active NMEA, Spider Post Processing, Nivel and
Spider Network Server connections.
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Connect NMEA
Background Information
This feature is accessed via the Connect...NMEA menu and is used to plot NMEA coordinate
data in the form of displacements (difference from a reference coordinate) from a number of
TCP/IP or RS232 data streams in real time. Configuration of the data streams must be done
before hand using Edit...NMEA Connections. Limit checks and messaging and events can
be configured using Edit...Limit Checks and Edit...Messaging and Events respectively.
Various options can be found in Edit...Settings under the topic Connections.
This is a dongle protected option that must be purchased (SpiderQC

Advanced Coordinate Analysis Option). See the Licensing page for a list of all
program options.
To configure NMEA coordinate plots
Follow this procedure to configure NMEA coordinate plots.
Step Action
1 (If not connecting to Leica GNSS Spider) Create a list of reference
coordinates for the stations using Tools...Edit Coordinates. Select the
reference coordinate list in the General Settings page of the
Edit...Settings menu. If you are using Leica SpiderQC together with Leica
GNSS Spider, then the reference coordinates will be read from Spider.
2 Select the menu Edit...NMEA Connections. The Edit NMEA
Connections dialog will be shown. Use either the From Spider or Add
button to create connections to NMEA GGQ, GGQ, LLQ or Leica
Proprietary (LMM) data streams. Exit the dialog with OK once you have
finished creating the connections.
3 (Optional) Select the menu Edit...Settings. The Edit Settings dialog will
be shown. Modify the NMEA Connection settings. Exit the dialog with OK.
4 (Optional) Select the menu Edit...Limit Checks. The Edit Limit Checks
dialog will be shown. Modify the default limit class or create a new limit
class. Exit the dialog with OK. If you have created a new limit class use
Edit...NMEA Connections again to assign the limit class to individual
connections as desired.
176
Menus and Toolbars
5 (Optional) Select the menu Edit...Messages and Events. The Edit

Messages and Events dialog will be shown. Create actions (such as
emails or running of external applications) that are to be triggered when a
particular message (such as limit check exceeded) is generated. Assign to
each message the appropriate actions. Exit the dialog with OK.
6 Select the menu Connect...NMEA. SpiderQC will then try to connect to
each configured stream. The Positioning Status tab will then be shown.
The Real Time Plot tab, the Positioning Status tab and the Messages
tab will be updated when new data or messages are received. If a web
page output has been selected in the NMEA Connection settings, use the
Results...View Web Page menu to open the web page in your default
browser.
7 Disconnect the data streams using Connect...Disconnect NMEA. The
connections will be closed and the graph will no longer update.
Note:
• To disconnect from the NMEA data streams use the Connect...Disconnect

NMEA or Connect...Disconnect (All) menu
• To reconnect to the NMEA data streams use the Connect...NMEA or
Connect...Reconnect menu
• SpiderQC will automatically try to reconnect to a TCP/IP connection if the
connection is lost.
177
Sample Time Series Plot
Related Topics
Edit NMEA Connections
NMEA (Offline)
Limit Checks
Edit Coordinates
178
Menus and Toolbars
NMEA (Offline)
The Plot Offline NMEA Options dialog is accessed via the Connect...NMEA (Offline) menu
and is used to plot coordinate data in the form of displacements (difference from a reference
coordinate) from pre-recorded NMEA data. Configuration of the connections can be done
before hand using Edit...NMEA Connections. Otherwise the configuration can be entered
manually each time.
Offline analysis of NMEA data comprises four steps:
1. Entering general information such as the time period and plot settings using the Plot
Offline NMEA Options dialog.
2. Entering the data source specific data such as the name, format, reference
coordinate etc. using the Plot Offline NMEA Data Series dialog.
3. Selected the NMEA files for the source configured in step 2.

4. Repeat of steps 2 and 3 until all data is added to the plot.
The graphs are then displayed in the Offline View tab and controlled via the combo box on
the tool bar.
Note: This is a dongle protected option that must be purchased (SpiderQC Advanced
Coordinate Analysis Option). See the Licensing page for a list of all program options.
Connect NMEA (Offline) - General Options settings

Range
Time Period
Start Date The date of the earliest result to plot. A valid

date
Duration The time period from the specified end A time
date to plot. between 1
and 1000
days
End Date The date of the most recent result to A valid
plot. date
179
End date is Use this option to fix the end date to the Checked
always the current date. or
current date unchecked
Plot Options

instead a text description is given for
each plot type.
Automatically If this option is checked then the Checked
scale the plot minimum and maximum values of the or
to fit the data plot axes will automatically scale to unchecked
match in the data. Otherwise the values
used in the Displacement Graph
Extents settings will be used.
Data rate Select Original to use all data in the Original,
NMEA log files, to reduce the amount of 1s - 1hr
data select the desired data rate for the
plots. Use this option to look at long
periods of high rate data so that less
computer memory is required.
Note:
• The selected date will not apply for sites using the NMEA GGA data format
because GGA does not include date, only time.
180
Menus and Toolbars
Connect NMEA (Offline) - Data Series settings

Choose the NMEA connection:
Connection Select a real time connection that was
configured using Edit...NMEA
Connections to set the appropriate site
and data options. Othwerwise select
**Custom** and enter the details
manually.
Choose the connection settings:
Name The name of the time series that will be A time between 1
shown in the graphs. and 1000 days
Reference Select the station corresponding to the
Coordinate configured data stream. The known
station coordinates are then uses as the
reference for all displacement
calculations. The station list is created
using Coordinates...Edit Coordinates and
selected in the Program Settings of the
Edit...Settings menu.
Profile This value, a direction in degrees, 0 to 360 degrees
Direction indicates the expected direction of
movement for the point and is used to
calculate the Longitudinal and
Transverse displacement. Longitudinal
displacement is the displacement in the
direction of the profile. Transverse
displacement is at right angles to the
profile. See Profiles for more information.
Smoothing This option is used to decide if SpiderQC None or the filter
is to smooth the coordinate data. If length (5s, 10s, 15s,
smoothing is used then the smoothed 20s, 25s, 30s, 45s,
value will be shown in the plot and used 1min, 2min, 5min,
for the limit checks. 15min, 30min, 1hr,
2hr, 6hr, 12hr or
24hr)
Format and Quality
181
NMEA The NMEA message format of the data. GGA, GGQ, LLQ or
Format LMM (Leica
Proprietary)
Solution The minimum solution type to be plotted. Depends on the
Type The solution type is a basic indicator of NMEA message
the coordinate quality. format
Apply CQ If this option is selected the Coordinate Active or inactive
Limit Quality (CQ) estimate contained in GGQ
or LLQ messages will be used to decide
if the result will be shown. This option can
be used to filter out poor quality data that
occurs e.g. when the satellite geometry is
bad.
CQ Limit The maximum CQ of that result that will 0.01 to 0.5m
be displayed if the above option is
activated.
Related Topics
Spider Post Processing (Offline)
NMEA
Limit Checks
Edit Coordinates
182
Menus and Toolbars
Connect Spider Post Processing
The Connect...Spider Post Processing menu is used to plot coordinate data in the form of
displacements (difference from a reference coordinate) from a SpiderPositioning SQL
database that is created when using Leica GNSS Spider PP Positioning Products.
Configuration of the database connections must be done before hand using Edit...Spider
Post Processing. The graph will automatically updated when new data becomes available.
Limit checks and messaging and events can be configured using Edit...Limit Checks and
Edit...Messaging and Events respectively. Various options can be found in Edit...Settings
under the topic Connections.
Configure Spider Post Processing coordinate plots
Follow these steps to configure Spider Post Processing coordinate plots.
Step Action
1 Select the menu Edit...Spider Post Processing. The Edit Spider Post
Procession Connections dialog will be shown. Use the From Spider
button to create connections to SpiderPostioning SQL database(s). Exit the
dialog with OK once you have finished creating the connections. The
reference coordinates for the displacement graphs will be taken directly
from Spider.
be shown. Modify the Spider Post Processing Connection settings. Exit the
dialog with OK.
Edit...Spider Post Processing again to assign the limit class to individual
183
5 Select the menu Connect...Spider Post Processing. SpiderQC will then
try to connect to each configured stream. The Positioning Status tab will
then be shown. The Post Proc Plot tab, the Positioning Status tab and
the Messages tab will be updated when new data or messages are
received. If a web page output has been selected in the Spider Post
Processing Connection settings, use the Results...View Web Page menu to
open the web page in your default browser.
6 Disconnect the data streams using Connect...Disconnect Spider Post
Processing. The connections will be closed and the graph will no longer
update.
Note:
• To discontinue online operation use the Connect...Disconnect Spider Post

Processing or Connect...Disconnect (All) menu
• To recommence online operation use the Connect...Spider Post Processing
or Connect...Reconnect menu
Related Topics
Spider Post Processing (Offline)
NMEA
NMEA (Offline)
Limit Checks
Edit Coordinates
184
Menus and Toolbars
Connect Spider Post Processing (Offline)
The Spider Post Process (Offline) dialog is accessed via the Connect...Spider Post
Processing (Offline) menu and is used to plot coordinate data in the form of displacements
(difference from a reference coordinate) from a SpiderPositioning SQL database that is
created when using Leica GNSS Spider PP Positioning Products. Configuration of the
database connections must be done before hand using Edit...Spider Post Processing.
Offline Plot Settings

Start Date The date of the earliest result to plot. A valid date
Duration The time period from the specified end A time between 1
date to plot. and 1000 days
End Date The date of the most recent result to plot. -
End date is Use this option to fix the end date to the -
always the current date.
current date
Plot title The title shown in the displacement -
plot type.
Automatically If this option is checked then the minimum -
be used.
185
To configure Spider Post Processing offline coordinate plots
1. Select the menu Edit...Spider Post Processing. The Edit Spider Post Procession
Connections dialog will be shown. Use the From Spider button to create
connections to SpiderPostioning SQL database(s). Exit the dialog with OK once you
have finished creating the connections. The reference coordinates for the
displacement graphs will be taken directly from Spider.
2. Select the menu Connect...Spider Post Processing (Offline). The Spider Post
Process (Offline) dialog will be shown. Enter the time period of data to show. Exit the
dialog with Continue. SpiderQC will then try to connect to each configured stream and
will give a message indicating the result. The Offline View tab will then be shown.
Related Topics
NMEA
NMEA (Offline)
Limit Checks
Edit Coordinates
186
Menus and Toolbars
SINEX
The SINEX menu is used to plot coordinate data in the form of displacements (difference
from a reference coordinate) from SINEX files written by a third party software such as
Bernese. Configuration of the interface must be done before hand using Edit...SINEX
Interface. The graph will automatically updated when new data becomes available. Limit
checks and messaging and events can be configured using Edit...Limit Checks and
Edit...Messaging and Events respectively. Various options can be found in Edit...Settings
under the topic Connections.
Configure SINEX coordinate plots
Follow these steps to configure SINEX coordinate plots.
Step Action
1 Select the menu Edit...SINEX Interface. The Edit SINEX Interface dialog
will be shown. Enter the SINEX path and file prefix and use the Update
button to verify that SpiderQC can find the SINEX files. Exit the dialog with
OK once you have finished.
be shown. Modify the SINEX Connection settings. Exit the dialog with OK.
Edit...SINEX Interface again to assign the limit class to individual
5 Select the menu Connect...SINEX. SpiderQC will display the previously

recorded results and then periodically check for new SINEX files to update
the results. The Positioning Status tab will then be shown. The Post
187
Proc Plot tab, the Positioning Status tab and the Messages tab will be
updated when new data or messages are received. If a web page output
has been selected in the SINEX Connection settings, use the
Results...View Web Page menu to open the web page in your default
browser.
6 Disconnect the data streams using Connect...Disconnect SINEX. The
connections will be closed and the graph will no longer update.
Note:
• To discontinue online operation use the Connect...Disconnect SINEX or

Connect...Disconnect (All) menu
• To recommence online operation use the Connect...SINEX or
Connect...Reconnect menu
Related Topics
SINEX (Offline)
Limit Checks
188
Menus and Toolbars
Connect SINEX (Offline)
The Connect SINEX (Offline) dialog is accessed via the Connect...SINEX (Offline) menu and
is used to plot coordinate data in the form of displacements (difference from a reference
coordinate) from SINEX files written by a third party software such as Bernese. Configuration
of the database connections must be done before hand using Edit...SINEX Interface.

Start Date The date of the earliest result to plot. A valid date
Duration The time period from the specified end A time between 1
date to plot. and 1000 days
End Date The date of the most recent result to plot. -
End date is Use this option to fix the end date to the -
always the current date.
current date
Plot title The title shown in the displacement -
plot type.
Automatically If this option is checked then the minimum -
be used.
189
To configure SINEX offline coordinate plots
1. Select the menu Edit...SINEX Interface. The Edit SINEX Interface dialog will be
shown. Enter the SINEX path and file prefix and use the Update button to verify that
SpiderQC can find the SINEX files. Exit the dialog with OK once you have finished.
2. Select the menu Connect...SINEX (Offline). The Connect SINEX (Offline) dialog will
be shown. Enter the time period of data to show. Exit the dialog with Continue.
SpiderQC will then try to connect to each configured stream and will give a message
indicating the result. The Offline View tab will then be shown.
Related Topics
SINEX
Limit Checks
190
Menus and Toolbars
Spider Network Server
This feature is accessed via the Connect...Spider Network Server menu and is used to
estimate and visualise residual ionosphere and troposphere error for network RTK users. The
resultings maps are referred to as Network Online Visualisation of Accuracy (NOVA)
maps. The calculations are based on data received from a running Leica GNSS Spider
network RTK installation. Configuration of the connection to Spider must be made using
Edit...Spider Network Server. Various options can be found in Edit...Settings under the
topic Connections.
Network Analysis Option). See the Licensing page for a list of all program options.
The following NOVA maps and graphs shown in the following table calculated.
NOVA Map Description

Name
Ionosphere The estimated residual ionospheric error for a single base RTK user
(RTK) using data from the nearest site. This value is not an absolute measure
of the ionosphere or total electron content (TEC), rather an estimate of
the amount of residual error a rover would experience using standard
processing models.
Ionosphere The estimated residual ionospheric error for a network RTK user. This
(NRTK) value is not an absolute measure of the ionosphere or total electron
content (TEC), rather an estimate of the amount of residual error a
rover would experience using standard processing and interpolation
models.
Tropo/Geo The estimated residual tropospheric and orbit error for a single base
(RTK) RTK user using data from the nearest site. This value is not an
absolute measure of the tropospheric path delay, rather an estimate of
the amount of residual error a rover would experience using standard
processing models.
Tropo/Geo The estimated residual tropospheric and orbit error for a network RTK
(NRTK) user. This value is not an absolute measure of the tropospheric path
delay, rather an estimate of the amount of residual error a rover would
experience using standard processing and interpolation models.
191
Global RMS A general indicator of the residual error for the whole network. Time
series for each of the above four cases are given.
The processing and connection status is shown in the Network Status tab. The graphics are
shown in the Network View tab and are controlled via the first combo box on the tool bar.
The NOVA maps and global RMS values are intended to give a general indicator of the
positioning performance of a network or nearest site rover user. The values do not map one
to one with the accuracy of the rover position because the rover solution depends also on site
specific errors such as multipath and the particular algorithms that are used. For example, a
high ionosphere value may impact on the ambiguity fixing performance (time to fix, reliability
of the fix) but not on the accuracy of the rover solution (assuming the rover fixes ambiguities
correctly) if an ionosphere-free linear combination is used by the rover.
The NOVA maps and global RMS values represent a "zenith value" and the impact on a
particular satellite will depend on the satellite elevation. The multiplying factor corresponding
to various satellite elevations is shown below.
Satellite Elevation (degrees) Multiplying effect (approximate)

10 6
15 4
30 2
45 1.4
60 1.2
90 1
Note:
• This feature only works with Leica GNSS Spider v3.0 or later
• A minimum of 5 fixed sites are required for the maps to be calculated
• If multiple clusters are used, each cluster must have 5 fixed sites
• If one or more clusters do not have enough fixed sites, SpiderQC will
extrapolate using the data from the other fixed clusters (if any). The estimated
error values will likely be unrealistic if extrapolated more than approximately
70km.
• The values for the maps will not be interpolated/extrapolated if the nearest site
with a valid solution is more than 300km away.
192
Menus and Toolbars
Sample NOVA Map
193
Connect Nivel200
This feature is accessed via Connect...Nivel200 menu and initiates the connections to the
Nivel inclination sensors connected in Edit...Nivel200. This menu option is used to connect to
Nivel200 inclination sensors, read and record the measured data and display it in a real time
plot. Various options can be found in Edit...Settings under the topic Connections.
Configure and record data from multiple Nivel200 sensors
Follow these steps to configure and record data from multiple Nivel200 sensors.
Step Action
1 Select the menu Edit...Nivel200. The Edit Nivel Connections dialog will
be shown. Use either the Add button to create connections to Leica
Nivel210 or Nivel220 sensors. Exit the dialog with OK once you have
finished creating the connections.
be shown. Modify the Nivel Connection settings. Exit the dialog with OK.
3 Select the menu Connect...Nivel200. SpiderQC will try to connect to each
configured sensor. The Nivel Status tab will then be shown where the
connection status is listed. The Real Time Plot tab, the Nivel Status tab
and the Messages tab will be updated when new data or messages are
received.
4 Disconnect the data streams using Connect...Nivel200. The connections
will be closed and the graph will no longer update.
194
Menus and Toolbars
Related Topics
Edit Nivel Connections
195
Tools
Tools Menu Summary
The Tools menu offers the following commands:
Command Description
Date and Time Runs the date and time conversion utility.
Conversion...
Edit Coordinates... Runs a tool to extract and display coordinates.
Plot Map... Plot a map of station coordinates.
Analyze Spider
Compute statistics on the recorded rover connections
Rover NMEA Logs...
to Spider.
Plot Spider Rover

Make a Google map of NMEA positions received from
NMEA Logs...
a single rover connection.
Analyze Spider
Compute statistics on the recorded rover connections
General Connection
Logs... to Spider.
Plot Coordinate Plot a time series or scatter plot of coordinates from a file or real
Time Series... time data stream.
Plot Inclination Time Plot a time series or scatter plot of coordinates from a file or real
Series... time data stream.
Geodetic Runs the geodetic computation utility.
Computations...
Plot IONEX map... Plot map of the ionosphere using IONEX files.
196
Menus and Toolbars
Date and Time Conversion
The Date and Time Conversion Tool is accessed via the Tools..., Date and Time
Conversion menu and is used to convert between common time formats used in GPS.
The Date Conversion tool can be used to convert a date between:
• Civil Dates (calendar day, month and year)

• RINEX file name (day of year and file ID)
• GPS week, day of GPS week and seconds of GPS week
• Modified Julian Date (Julian date minus 2400000.5, commonly used in GPS because
it can contain a date and time in a single number and requires less digits than a
normal Julian Date)
• Julian Date
Note:
• GPS time (week and day of week) is not valid before 6 January 1980.
• Other dates are not valid before March 1900 and after February 2100.
197
Edit Coordinates
The Edit Coordinates dialog is accessed via the Tools, Edit Coordinates... menu and is
used to run a tool to extract and display coordinates.
Note:
• To plot displacements from NMEA data using Plot Coordinate Time Series or
Plot NMEA Time Series data it is necessary to create a coordinate file
containing the null or reference coordinates for the displacement calculation.
• The reference coordinate file must be set in the Program Operation settings.
Edit Coordinates List Settings
Icon Function Description

Open Open and existing Bernese format (*.CRD)
coordinate file.
Save As... Save the points as a Bernese format (*.CRD)

coordinate file.
Extract Coords from Extract coordinates from a SINEX file.

SINEX file...
Extract Coords from Extract coordinates from one or more RINEX

RINEX file... observation files.
Extract Coords from Extract coordinates from a Leica GNSS

GNSS Spider Spider site server.
New... Manually add a new coordinate.
Edit... Edit the selected coordinate.
198
Menus and Toolbars
Delete... Delete the selected coordinates.
- Delete All Clears the coordinate list.
Settings Description
Coordinates
Description The File description.

Reference The coordinate reference frame.
Frame
Epoch The coordinate epoch.
Coordinate
System
Cartesian Displays the coordinates as Cartesian X, Y and Z.
Geographic Displays the coordinates as latitude, longitude and height.
UTM Displays the coordinates as easting, northing, height and zone
in the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) projection.
Note: The false easting and false northing of the UTM

projection are setting in the General Settings part of the Edit
Settings menu option in the Edit menu.
Related Topics
Plot Coordinate Time Series
Program Operation Settings
199
Plot Map
The plot coordinate map options dialog is accessed via the Tools, Plot Map... menu and is
used to plot a map of station coordinates.
Plot Coordinate Map Options
Setting Description
Choose the date File
source
Plot the map using a Bernese coordinate file. See Edit
Coordinates for how to create a Bernese coordinate file.
Leica GeoMos Database
Plot the map using Points configured in a Leica GeoMoS

SQL database. Use the Database Settings button to set
the server information for the database and then select
the appropriate Project.
Leica GNSS Spider Database
Plot the map using Sites configured in a Leica GNSS

Spider Site Server SQL data base. Use the Database
Settings button to set the server information for the
database and then select whether to show Real or
Simulated sites.
Choose the plot
settings
Use Google If selected a Google Map will be output. Otherwise a
Maps customer raster map will be displayed.
Draw coastline Show coastlines on the map.
Draw TIN Show lines joining all stations on the map.
Show Show the distances between each station.
interstation
distances
200
Menus and Toolbars
Sample Plot
201
Analyze Spider Rover NMEA Logs
The Analyze Spider Rover NMEA Log dialog is accessed via the Tools, Analyze Spider
Rover NMEA Logs... menu and is used to compute statistics on the recorded rover
connections to Spider. The statistics include:
• Number of rover connections

• Number of valid & invalid NMEA records received
• Total connection time
• Average connection time
• Average time to fix
• Median time to fix
• Percentage of connections with RTK fix
Analyze Spider Rover NMEA Logs Settings

Time
Period
Start The date of the earliest result to plot. A valid date
Date
Duration The time period from the specified end date A time between 1
to plot. and 1000 days
End Date The date of the most recent result to plot. A valid date
End date Use this option to fix the end date to the Checked or
is always current date. unchecked
the
current
date
Source
Data
Path to The path to the folder containing the Spider Valid path
the log Rover NMEA Logs. SpiderQC will search in
files this folder and all subfolders for Spider
Rover NMEA Log files.
Show If this option is checked then a Google Map Checked or
rover will be created as part of the output. The unchecked
202
Menus and Toolbars
locations average position for each rover connection

in a will be shown in the map. If there are more
Google than 3000 rover connections the Google
Map Map will contain markers, but no context
information will be shown when clicking on a
marker.
203
Plot Spider Rover NMEA Logs
The Plot Spider Rover NMEA Logs dialog is accessed via the Tools, Plot Spider Rover
NMEA Logs... menu and is used to make a Google Map of NMEA positions received from a
single rover connection.
On selecting this menu option you will be presented with a file dialog. Select a Spider Rover
NMEA Log file to make the map.
Note:
• To improve performance in rendering the Google Map only unique rover

positions (with a 10m tolerance) will be displayed.
204
Menus and Toolbars
Analyze Spider General Connection Logs
The Analyze Spider General Connection Logs dialog is accessed via the Tools, Analyze
Spider General Connection Logs... menu and is used to compute statistics on the recorded
rover connections to Spider. The statistics include:
• Connections by real time product

• Connections by day of week
• Connections by rover user
• Number of authorised rover connections
• Number of unauthorised rover connections
• Total connection time
• Average connection time
Analyze Spider General Connection Logs Settings

Range
Time
Period
Start The date of the earliest result to plot. A valid
Date date
Duration The time period from the specified end date A time
to plot. between 1
and 1000
days
End The date of the most recent result to plot. A valid
Date date
End date Use this option to fix the end date to the Checked
is current date. or
always unchecked
the
current
date
Source
Data
Path to The path to the folder containing the General Valid path
the log Connection Logs. SpiderQC will search in
205
files this folder and all subfolders for General Log
files.
Show If this option is checked then a Google Map Checked
rover will be created as part of the output. This or
location feature is only available if the General unchecked
in a Connection Logs are in Spider (as opposed
Google to SAPOS) format. If there are more than
Map (not 3000 rover connections the Google Map will
available contain markers, but no context information
if using will be shown when clicking on a marker.
SAPOS
format)
206
Menus and Toolbars
Plot Coordinate Time Series
The Plot Coordinate Time Series dialog is accessed via the Tools , Plot Coordinate Time
Series menu and is used to plot a time series or scatter plot of coordinates from a file or real
time data stream.
Note:
A multiple baseline plot option is available using Connect...NMEA and Connect...Spider

Post Processing. These are options, which also allow for limit checks and messaging, must
be purchased as an option and are dongle protected.
Plot Coordinate Time Series Settings
• If plotting from a file the plot will be shown in a new window.

• If plotting from a data stream the plot will be shown in the Plot View Tab.
• To disconnect from a data stream use the Coordinates...Disconnect Data Stream
menu
• To reconnect from a data stream use the Coordinates...Reconnect Data Stream
menu
• SpiderQC will automatically try to reconnect to a TCP/IP connection if the connection
is lost.
Setting Description
Choose the Time Series (E,N,H):
type of plot
Plot a line graph with residual easting, northing and height
on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.
Time Series (2D,3D,H):
207
Plot a line graph with residual 2D (planar), 3D and height
on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.
Scatter Plot (E,N):
Plot a scatter plot with northing on the y-axis and easting

on the x-axis.
Choose the Source:
data source
The data may be taken from either a file or from a real
time data stream.
Format:
Select the format of the data to be read. Options include

NMEA GGA, NMEA GGQ, NMEA LLQ, NMEA LMM (Leica
Proprietary message in Leica GNSS Spider Positioning
Products). For files the options CSV XYZ is also available
(a comma separated file containing Cartesian coordinates
created by e.g. LGO). See the Quick Guide: Plotting
Coordinate Results from LGO for more information.
Comms Settings:
Opens the Communication Settings dialog. Only available

if the data source is "data stream".
Store up to *** hours of data in memory:
This option specifies how much data the plot will store in
memory when plotting data from a data stream. The value
is set in hours from the current time. Data older than this
amount will be discarded.
208
Menus and Toolbars
Update plot periodically and not when new data is

received:
This option is used to decrease the CPU usage when

plotting data from a data stream. Rather than updating the
plot every time new data is received, the plot will be
updated not more than every 2 seconds.
Choose the Output coordinates:
plot settings
Lists the coordinates and a summary of the file contents in
a report shown in the Output Tab. Only available when
plotting from a file.
Plot coordinates of at least type:
Only plot coordinates that have a coordinate quality flag of

the specified quality or higher. Only available for NMEA
formats.
Plot only coordinates with CQ less than **:
Do not plot the coordinates unless the CQ (coordinate

quality) estimate is less than the specified amount. This
option is only available with NMEA GGQ and NMEA LLQ
formats.
Smooth data using a filter length of **:
Apply a weighted moving average filter using the specified

length to smooth the coordinate data.
For information on the algorithm used for the smoothing
209
see Data Smoothing.
Plot relative to pre-defined coordinates:
Plot the coordinates relative to a known value.
• For this option to be available a reference

coordinate file must be set in the General Settings
part of the Edit Settings menu option in the Edit
menu.
• If this option is not selected then the coordinates
will be plotted relative to the first coordinate
received.
Set the y-axis minimum and maximum:
If selected, the scale of the y-axis will be fixed to the

specified minimum and maximum value. Otherwise the
scale of the y-axis will be set automatically to fit the data.
Log data to a file:
If selected, all data received from the communication plot

will be logged to the specified file. Only available when
plotting from a data stream.
210
Menus and Toolbars
Edit Communication Settings
This dialog is used to enter the communication settings for the real time coordinate plot.
Setting Description
Serial Connect to the specified serial port.
COM Port: The serial port.
Baud Rate: The baud rate.

TCP/IP Connect to the following TCP/IP port.
IP Address: The IP address or computer name of the

computer or device transmitting the data.
Set Local Host: Sets the IP address to that of the local

host.
Port: The IP port.
211
Sample Scatter Plot
212
Menus and Toolbars
Plot Inclination Time Series
The Plot Inclination Time Series dialog is accessed via the Tools, Plot Inclination Time
Series menu and is used to plot a time series or scatter plot of tilt data collected from
Nivel200 inclination sensors.
Note: Nivel sensors can be configured using Edit...Nivel200 Connections and logged using
Connect...Nivel200.
Plot Inclination Time Series Settings
Setting Description
Choose the Time Series (X,Y): Plot a line graph with x and y tilt versus
type of plot time.
Scatter Plot (X,Y): Plot a scatter plot with y tilt on the y-axis
and x tilt on the x-axis.
Choose the
plot
settings
Plot If a null measurement (calibration) is known for this sensor it
relative to may be entered here. These reference x and y tilt values will
pre-defined be differenced from the measurements.
reference
value:
Set the y- If selected, the scale of the y-axis will be fixed to the specified
axis minimum and maximum value. Otherwise the scale of the y-
minimum axis will be set automatically to fit the data.
and
maximum:
213
Geodectic Computations
The Geodetic Computations dialog is accessed via the Tools..., Geodetic Computations
menu and is used to do basic geodetic calculations. It is useful for checking the baseline
length between two stations and calculating profiles for NMEA and Spider Post Processing
analysis.
Geodectic Computations Settings
Setting Description
Input
Input File: The input Bernese (.CRD) coordinate file.

Station 1: The from station, chosen from a list of all stations in the
input file.
Station 2: The to station, chosen from a list of all stations in the input
file.
Output
Ellipsoid: The ellipsoid used for the calculations.

Forward The azimuth from Station 1 to Station 2.
Azimuth:
Reverse The azimuth from Station 2 to Station 1.
Azimuth:
Chord The chord distance between the two stations.
Distance:
Ellipsoidal The ellipsoidal distance between the two stations.
Distance:
Units
Linear: The units that the distances are displayed in.

Angular: The units that the azimuths are displayed in.
214
Menus and Toolbars
Plot IONEX Map
The Plot IONEX Settings dialog is accessed via the Tools..., Plot IONEX map menu and is
used to make visualisations of ionospheric activity from Total Vertical Election Content
(VTECU) contained in IONEX maps.
• IONEX maps are produced by the IGS and can be downloaded from
ftp://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gps/products/ionex/
• The global IONEX maps from CODE (file prefix 'codg') are recommended for
viewing global ionospheric activity
• Refer to the web page of the Astronomical Institute at the University of Berne
for more information on IONEX maps:
http://cmslive2.unibe.ch/unibe/philnat/aiub/content/research/gnss/code___resea
rch/igs/global_ionosphere_maps_produced_by_code/index_eng.html
Plot IONEX Settings
Setting Description
Input
IONEX File The IONEX map to be plotted.
Map Settings
Map to Plot A single map from the IONEX file to be plotted. Usually there
is one ionosphere map every two hours.
Data Range The minimum and maximum TECU values in the currently
selected map.
Map Type TEC: Total electron content.
RMS: RMS value showing the precision of the TEC

estimates.
Plot Draw the geomagnetic equator on the plot.
Geomagnetic
215
Equator
Show Day/Night Show the parts of the globe which are in day and night on the
plot.
Annotate Show labels, axes and legend on the plot.
Plot Settings
Minimum Value The minimum value in the plot to have a unique colour.
(TECU)
Minimum The colour of the specified minimum value and any values
Colour less than this amount.
Maximum Value The maximum value in the plot to have a unique colour.
(TECU)
Maximum The colour of the specified maximum value and any values
Colour more than this amount.
Colour The colour transition method.
Graph Size The relative size of the plot.
Animate Plot Automatically cycle through the maps to show an animation
of the ionosphere.
Animation The speed at which the animation will cycle through the
Speed maps.
Plot Draw the plot. The plot will be shown in a new window.
216
Menus and Toolbars
Sample Plot
217
Window Menu
Window Menu Summary
The Window menu offers the following command:
Command Description
Hide Hides the main window of the program and places an icon in
the system tray of the Microsoft Windows Task Bar that can
be used to restore the window. The window may be restored
by left-clicking on the icon in the system tray.
218
Menus and Toolbars
Help Menu
Help Menu Summary
The Help menu offers the following commands:
Command Description
Help Topics Loads this help.
Purchased Displays a list of the detected dongle options.
Options
CCP Opens the CCP License Monitor which can be used to register and view
License available Customer Care Package (CCP) software keys.
Monitor
Check for Connects to the Leica Geosystems web site to determine if a new version
Updates of Leica SpiderQC is available for download.
About... Displays a dialog with information about the version of the software.
219
Purchased Options
Displays a list of the detected dongle options.
Field Description
Found Dongle Displays the type of the found dongle.
Serial Number Displays the serial number of the found dongle. This number
should be reported, whenever you make an inquiry for product
support.
CCP License The date when the CCP (Customer Care Package) license
Expiry expires.
Release Date The release date of the software. A CCP license key must be
valid at least ony day beyoud
Dongle Expiry Date when the validity of the dongle expires. Any of the
protected options will be disabled after this expiry date.
Demo Activated when the available dongle has been issued for
(includes all demonstration purposes only. This dongle must not be used
options and 5 for any other purposes than product demonstration and
sites) evaluation.
Leica 749319, GNSS Reference Station software with
SpiderQC documentation
For data analysis and quality control of GNSS reference

station data. Dongle
protected.
Automatic 749320, SpiderQC, Automatic Quality Check option
Processing
Automatic processing of data from a GNSS reference station
network including
web page generation, graphs, reports and email messaging.

Includes one site
licence. Dongle protected.

Additional site 749321, SpiderQC, Additional site license for Automatic
licences Processing option
Up to 256 additional site licences may be configured. Dongle

protected.
220
Menus and Toolbars
Advanced 751824, SpiderQC, Advanced Coordinate Analysis option

Coordinate
Analysis High speed calculation and graphing of displacement,
messaging and limit checks
for real time NMEA and Nivels connections and post

processed data from GNSS Spider PP Positioning and SINEX.
Dongle protected.
Advanced Data 759039, SpiderQC, Advanced Data Analysis option
Analysis
Zero, single, double and triple difference residual analysis of
GNSS code and
phase data. Dongle protected.

Advanced 762826, SpiderQC, Advanced Network Analysis option
Network
Analysis For analysis of ionosphere and troposphere error from a GNSS
Spider Network.
Dongle protected. Requires Leica GNSS Spider v3.0 or later

with Network RTK.
This option only works together with Leica GNSS Spider v.3.0
or later with
SpiderNet option (744 913).
221
Tool Bar
Tool Bar Overview
The main SpiderQC tool bar contains the following items.
Icon Function and Description:

QC Check
Opens a RINEX file for quality checking.

Open GPS Navigation File
Opens a RINEX GPS navigation file for analysis.

Open GLONASS Navigation File
Opens a RINEX GLONASS navigation file for

analysis.
Open Observation File
Opens a reference RINEX file for analysis.

Save Output
Saves output in the Output Tab or Station Report tab

to a file.
Edit the program settings
Opens a dialog to edit the program settings.

Edit Stations
Opens a dialog to edits the GPS reference station

details.
Start automatic processing
Configure and start automatic RINEX quality check.

Resume automatic processing
Resume a previously configured automatic RINEX

quality check session.
Stop automatic processing
Stop automatic RINEX quality check.
222
Menus and Toolbars
Plot graph
Plot a graph of the automatic RINEX quality check

results.
Compile station quality report
Compile a summary report for all stations based on

the results of automatic RINEX quality check.
Compile file report
Compiles a file report that details the automatic

RINEX quality check results for individual files for a
chosen station.
Date and time utility
Runs the date and time conversion utility.

Left list box
Right list box
Plot a time series
Plot a time series or scatter plot of coordinates from

a file or real time data stream.
Plot SNR skyplot
Plot a skyplot of SNR values using the currently

loaded reference data.
Plot multipath skyplot
Plot a skyplot of multipath estimates using the

Plot SNR vs elevation
Plot SNR versus elevation using the currently loaded

reference data.
Plot multipath vs elevation
Plot multipath estimates versus elevation using the

223
Plot ionosphere map
Plot map of the ionosphere using IONEX files.

Plot residuals
Opens the Residual analysis settings dialog box.

Previous reference file
Select the previous observation file as the reference

file.
Next reference file
Select the next observation file as the reference file.

Previous rover file
Select the previous observation file as the rover file.

This function is only used together with the
Advanced Data Analysis option.
Next rover file
Select the next observation file as the rover file. This

function is only used together with the Advanced
Data Analysis option.
Previous reference satellite
Select the previous available satellite as the

reference satellite. This function is only used
together with the Advanced Data Analysis option.
Next reference satellite
Select the next available satellite as the reference

satellite. This function is only used together with the
Advanced Data Analysis option.
Previous frequency
Select the previous observation frequency/linear

combination to display. This function is only used
Next frequency
Select the next observation frequency/linear
224
Menus and Toolbars
combination to display. This function is only used

225
Tabbed-View
Tabbed View - Summary
The main tab view is the primary component of the SpiderQC interface. It comprises the
following tabs.
Tab Description
Report Displays output from manual RINEX quality checks and other file
processing results.
Messages Shows a log of the most recent messages that have been
generated by the software. Messages occur when ever any
settings are edited, from limit checks during online coordinate
Site Status Shows a “traffic light” overview of each station involved in
automatic processing based on the quality of the most recently
processed files. The settings for the traffic light status are defined
in the Edit...Settings menu.
Site Quality Displays detailed information on the station quality and status of
automatic processing. The tab shows the reports generated using
the Compile Station Report and Compile File Report menu
options.
Network Displays a traffic light status map of the Reference Stations
View configured for automatic RINEX processing based on their status
as in the Station Status tab. This tab is also used to display maps
of residual ionosphere and troposphere error derived from Leica
GNSS Spider network RTK processing. The content of this tab is
controlled by the first combo box on the tool bar, which defaults to
"Data Quality". Refer to Automatic Quality Check and Connect
Spider Network Server for more information.
Real Time Displays real time displacement/deformation data derived from
View Leica GNSS Spider RT Positioning, NMEA or Nivel200 tilt data.
Refer to Connect NMEA and Connect Nivel200 for more
information.
Post Proc Displays near real time displacement/deformation data derived
View from Leica GNSS Spider PP Positioning products and SINEX
data. Refer to Connect Spider Post Processing and Connect
SINEX for more information.
226
Menus and Toolbars
Offline View Displays code and phase residuals calculated from the loaded
RINEX data. Displays displacement/deformation data from
prerecorded NMEA log files or GNSS Spider PP Products
database. Refer to Raw Data Analysis, Connect NMEA (Offline)
and Connect Spider Post Processing (Offline) for more
information.
Network Displays real time status information related to the calculation of
Status maps of residual ionosphere and troposphere error derived from
Leica GNSS Spider network RTK processing. Refer to Connect
Spider Network Server for more information.
Positioning Displays real time connection information such as communications
Status status, limit check status and current displacement values for
active NMEA and Spider Post Processing connections. Refer to
Connect NMEA and Connect Spider Post Processing for more
information.
Nivel Status When Leica Nivel inclination sensors have been configured and
activated, this tab shows the current status of the connection
including the communications status and the last measurements.
Refer to Connect Nivel200 for more information.
227
Report tab
Displays output from manual RINEX quality checks and other file processing results.
Related Topics
Tabbed View Summary
228
Menus and Toolbars
Messages tab
Shows a log of the most recent messages that have been generated by the software.
Messages occur when ever any settings are edited, from limit checks during online coordinate
Field Description
Icons
Icon Priority
Limit check level 1 failed
Notice
Warning
Error
Date Date and time that the message was generated.

Source The source of the message.
Messaging An event triggered by a limit or threshold check.
System An event triggered by the application as part of either normal or

abnormal behavior.
User An event triggered by the operator. E.g. Edited settings.
Message The message. Click here for a detailed description of the messages.
Further Information
Messages
Tabbed View Summary
229
Site Status tab
Shows a “traffic light” overview of each site involved in automatic processing based on the
quality of the most recently processed files. The settings for the traffic light status are defined
in the Edit... / Settings menu / Automatic RINEX Quality Check / Site status settings.
Icon Description Action

Site status is unknown. Activate the automatic QC. Wait for
sufficient files to be processed.
Site is offline. Activate the site when the receiver is
online.
Recent files are available No action required.
and of acceptable quality.
Some files are unavailable Monitor the status.
or of poor quality.
A large number of files are Investigate using the reasons for the
unavailable or of poor problem using the graphs and reports
quality. under the Results menu. Adapt the
site configuration in the Quality
Testing and Processing Settings as
appropriate.
Related Topics
Tabbed View Summary
230
Menus and Toolbars
Site Quality tab
Displays detailed information on the station quality and status of automatic processing. The
tab shows the reports generated using the Compile Station Report and Compile File Report
menu options.
Field Description
Site name The site name.
Abbrev The four character site code.
Expected The number of files that were expected in the selected time period.
Arrived The number of files that were found.
Missing The number of files that were not found.
Late The number of files that have not been found but are still expected.
See the Automatic RINEX Quality Check: Late files expire after field.
Processed The number of files that have been processed by SpiderQC.
Passed The number of files that passed the quality check.
Failed The number of files that failed the quality check.
Status The site status (active or offline).
Report The type of information that is listed in the view. Select

Type
• Overall
• Statistics (Overall)
• Statistics (GPS)
• Statistics (GLONASS)
• Quality Testing
Period The time period for the results shown in the view.
Units The unit for the results shown in the view.
Refresh Click to update the report.
231
Report Type: Statistics (Overall)
The table below provides a description of the fields shown when the Report Type: Statistic
(Overall) is selected. The data shown is for all satellite systems.
Field Description
Receiver The type of receiver used at the site.
Antenna The type of antenna used at the site.
AvLatency The average latency between when the observation
period ended and the file was created.
AvCycleSlips The average number of cycle slips per file.
AvOutliers The average number of outliers per file.
AvMP1 The average code multipath MP1 value per file.
AVMP2 The average code multipath MP2 value per file.
AvDataCompleteness The average percentage of tracked versus available
satellites per file.
AvPcEpochsWithData The average percentage of available epochs versus
possible. I.e. a measure of data gaps.
AvPcEpochMinSV The average percentage of epochs with less than the
defined minimum number (default is 5) of satellites
available.
AvMaxRXClock The average maximum receiver clock offset to GPS
time.
232
Menus and Toolbars
Report Type: Statistics (GPS) & Statistics (GLONASS)
The table below provides a description of the fields shown when the Report Type: Statistics
(GPS) or Statistics (GLONASS) is selected. The data shown is only for GPS or GLONASS
satellite systems.
Field Description
Receiver The type of receiver used at the site.
Antenna The type of antenna used at the site.
AvLatency The average latency between when the observation
period ended and the file was created.
AvCycleSlips The average number of cycle slips per file.
AvOutliers The average number of outliers per file.
AvMP1 The average code multipath MP1 value per file.
AVMP2 The average code multipath MP2 value per file.
AvDataCompleteness The average percentage of tracked versus available
satellites per file.
AvNumSats The average number of satellites tracked per epoch.
233
Report Type: Quality Testing
The table below provides a description of the fields shown when the Report Type: Quality
Testing is selected. The data shown is for all satellite systems.
Field Description
Pass The percentage of files that passed the quality
check.
Fail The percentage of files that failed the quality
check.
CycleSlipsGPS The percentage of failures that were due to
high numbers of cycle slips on GPS satellites.
CycleSlipsGLONASS The percentage of failures that were due to
high numbers of cycle slips on GLONASS
satellites.
MultipathGPS The percentage of failures that were due to
high code multipath on GPS satellites.
MultipathGLONASS The percentage of failures that were due to
high code multipath on GLONASS satellites.
DataCompletenessGPS The percentage of failures that were due to
high numbers of untracked GPS satellites.
DataCompletenessGLONASS The percentage of failures that were due to
high numbers of untracked GLONASS
satellites.
PcEpochsWithData The percentage of failures that were due to
high amounts of data gaps.
Format The percentage of failures that were due to
incompliance to the RINEX standard.
BadNavGPS The percentage of failures that were due to
missing or incorrect ephemeris for GPS
satellites.
BadNavGLONASS The percentage of failures that were due to
missing or incorrect ephemeris for GLONASS
satellites.
RXClock The percentage of failures that were due to
high receiver clock offsets.
Other The percentage of failures that were due to
234
Menus and Toolbars
any other reason not covered above.

Examples include:
• The same epoch is recorded twice

• The observation interval does not
match what is configured for the site
• The file includes unsupported satellite
systems
Related Topics
Tabbed View Summary
235
Network View tab
Displays a traffic light status map of the Reference Sites configured for automatic RINEX
processing based on their status as in the Station Status tab.
This tab is also used to display maps of residual ionosphere and troposphere error derived
from Leica GNSS Spider network RTK processing. The content of this tab is controlled by the
first combo box on the tool bar, which defaults to "Data Quality".
Display
The traffic light status indicators are configured on the Edit / Settings / Automatic Quality
Check: Site Status Tab.
For quick access press the Edit Settings icon on the toolbar.
Related Topics
Automatic Quality Check: Site Status Tab
Connect Spider Network Server
Tabbed View Summary
Graph Context menu
236
Menus and Toolbars
Real Time View Tab
Displays real time displacement/deformation data derived from Leica GNSS Spider RT
Positioning, NMEA or Nivel200 tilt data. Refer to Connect NMEA and Connect Nivel200 for
more information.
Related Topics
Tabbed View Summary
Graph Context menu
237
Post Proc View tab
Displays near real time displacement/deformation data derived from Leica GNSS Spider PP
Positioning products and SINEX data. Refer to Connect Spider Post Processing and Connect
SINEX for more information.
Related Topics
Tabbed View Summary
Graph Context menu
238
Menus and Toolbars
Offline View
Displays code and phase residuals calculated from the loaded RINEX data. Displays
displacement/deformation data from prerecorded NMEA log files or GNSS Spider PP
Products database. Refer to Raw Data Analysis, Connect NMEA (Offline) and Connect Spider
Post Processing (Offline) for more information.
Related Topics
Tabbed View Summary
Graph Context menu
239
Network Status tab
Displays real time status information related to the calculation of maps of residual ionosphere
and troposphere error derived from Leica GNSS Spider network RTK processing. Refer to
Connect Spider Network Server for more information.
Field Description
Cluster The name of the Spider cluster.
Name
Last The date and time of the last change in the status.
Change
Status The cluster status:
• Stopped: The cluster is not active in GNSS Spider.

• Insufficient data: Not enough data has been received to
compute a solution.
• Fixing: Not enough sites have 5 or more fixed GPS
satellites to compute a solution.
• No solution: Insufficient sites are available to compute a
solution for the cluster.
• Solved: A solution has been computed for this cluster.
Sites The number of sites in the cluster.

Average The average spacing between the sites in this cluster.
Spacing
Site Name The site name.

Change
Status The site status:
• Not in use: The site is not assigned to an active cluster.

• No data: Not data is being received.
• Fixing: The site has less than 5 fixed GPS satellites.
• No solution: There are not enough nearby sites that are
fixed in order to be able to compute a solution for this site.
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Menus and Toolbars
• Solved: This site is used in the solution.
GPS The number of fixed and available GPS satellites for this site.
GLONASS The number of fixed and available GLONASS satellites for this site.
Cluster The cluster to which this site belongs to.
Related Topics
Tabbed View Summary
241
Positioning Status tab
Displays real time connection information such as communications status, limit check status
and current displacement values for active NMEA and Spider Post Processing connections.
Refer to Connect NMEA and Connect Spider Post Processing for more information.
Top section - Real time connections
Field Description
NMEA The name of the NMEA connection configured in Edit...NMEA
Connection Connections.
Comms The communications status:
• No response: No data is being received.

• Receiving status: Data of a lower quality than specified is
being received.
• Receiving data: Valid data of the required quality is being
received.
Change
Sats The number of satellites being used in the position solution.
Longitudinal The difference to the reference coordinate in the profile direction.
Traverse The difference to the reference coordinate at 90 degrees to the
profile direction.
Height The difference to the height coordinate in height.
Av. The average difference in longitudinal displacement over the last
Longitudinal hour.
Av. The average difference in transverse displacement over the last
Transverse hour.
Av. Height The average difference in height displacement over the last hour.
Valid Pos. The number of valid (within tolerance) positions received. Only
shown if Apply Statistics is activated in NMEA Connections.
Av. Sats The average number of satellites used in the solution. Only shown
if Apply Statistics is activated in NMEA Connections.
Prec. 2D The average 1 sigma precision in 2D (plan). Only shown if Apply
Statistics is activated in NMEA Connections.
Prec. Height The average 1 sigma precision in height. Only shown if Apply
242
Menus and Toolbars

Accu. 2D The average 1 sigma accuracy in 2D (plan). Only shown if Apply
Accu. The average 1 sigma accuracy in height. Only shown if Apply
Height Statistics is activated in NMEA Connections.
Bottom section - Post processing connections
Field Description
Post The name of the Spider Post Processing or SINEX Connection
Processing configured in Edit...Spider Post Processing or Edit...SINEX
Connection Interface respectively.
Comms The communications status:
• No response: No data is being received.

• Receiving status: Data of a lower quality than specified is
being received.
• Receiving data: Valid data of the required quality is being
received.
Change
Sats The number of satellites being used in the position solution.
Longitudinal The difference to the reference coordinate in the profile direction.
Traverse The difference to the reference coordinate at 90 degrees to the
profile direction.
Height The difference to the height coordinate in height.
Av. The average difference in longitudinal displacement over the last
Longitudinal hour.
Av. The average difference in transverse displacement over the last
Transverse hour.
Av. Height The average difference in height displacement over the last hour.
Related Topics
Tabbed View Summary
243
Nivel Status tab
When Leica Nivel inclination sensors have been configured and activated, this tab shows the
current status of the connection including the communications status and the last
measurements. Refer to Connect Nivel200 for more information.
Field Description
Name The name and ID of the Nivel configured in Edit...Nivel200
Connections.
Comms The configured communication port of the Nivel sensor.
Last Change The date and time of the last change in the status.
X Tilt The last measured tilt in the X direction in milli radians.
Y Tilt The last measured tilt in the Y direction in milli radians.
Temperature The last measured internal temperature of the sensor in degrees
Celsius.
Related topics
Connect Nivel200
Edit Nivel Connections
Tabbed View Summary
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Menus and Toolbars
Graph Context menu
Graph Context Menu - Summary
The context menu is available in all graphical views.
The context menu offers the following commands:
Command Function
Zoom In Select to zoom in. Available in Network View tab only.
Zoom Out Select to zoom out. Available in Network View tab only.
Reset Select to reset the view. Available in Network View tab only.
Measure Select to measure between two sites. Select a site, left click,
hold and drag to measure.
Available in Network View tab only.

Properties... Select to configure the Axes, Labels, Format and Colour
properties.
Series... Select to open a dialog to turn on/off the various data series
in the plot.
Comments... Select to open a dialog to turn on/off the various comment
series in the plot. Only available in special graph types,
notably the Residual Analysis graphs.
Show Comments Select to show/hide comments.
Increase font Select to increase the font size.
size
Decrease font Select to decrease the font size.
size
Draw Points When checked the point markers are displayed at each data
point.
Label Points When checked the point labels are displayed at each data
point (only for map views).
Show Check to display a background image (only for map views). A
Background background image file has to be loaded and georeferenced
Image before it can by shown in the Network View. Go to Edit >
Settings > Map Display to load and georeference a
background image.
X Grid Lines Check to display X grid lines.
Y Grid Lines Check to display Y grid lines.
Save as... Select to save the graph as a bitmap, jpeg, png, csv or
Google kml (only for map views) file.
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Properties
The Plot Properties dialog is available in all graphical views.
Axes:
Field Description
X Axis Activate automatic scaling of the x-axis of the graph or enter the
minimum and maximum values manually. For time series graphs
the values are in Modified Julian Data format (see Tools..Date and
Time Conversion). For real time graphs only the time range of the
graph can be changed, not the minimum and maximum value.
Y Axis Activate automatic scaling of the y-axis of the graph or enter the
minimum and maximum values manually.
Secondary Y Activate automatic scaling of the secondary (right hand side) y-
Axis axis of the graph or enter the minimum and maximum values
manually. Not all graphs display the secondary Y axis.
Z Axis Activate automatic scaling of the z-axis of the graph or enter the
minimum and maximum values manually. Not all graphs display
use the Z axis.
Vectors Enter the scale factor and length of the reference vector. For
vector plots only.
Labels:
Field Description
Title The title of the graph.
X Axis The x-axis label.
Y Axis The y-axis label.
Secondary Y The secondary (right hand side) y-axis label.
Axis
Legend Select the location of the legend:
• None, Bottom or Right
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Menus and Toolbars
Format:
Field Description
General
Draw Points When checked the point markers are displayed at each data
point.
Draw Lines When checked lines will be drawn between sequential data
points.
Fill Points When checked the point markers will be solid. Otherwise only the
outline will be drawn.
Width The size of the point markers.
Use When checked the data will be drawn using transparency. Use to
Transparency see data series that are underneath other data series.
Alpha value The amount of transparency to be used. The lower the alpha
value the more transparent the graph will be.
Show When checked the secondary y-axis will be shown. Only some
secondary Y data series will be shown on the secondary axis.
Axis
Connect When checked a dotted line will be drawn between points with a
Series with large data gap. Otherwise no line is drawn.
Large Gaps
Maps
Show TIN When checked a triangulated irregular network (TIN) will be

drawn between all the points.
Show When checked point markers will be shown.
Markers
Annotation When checked the x and y labels and scales will be shown.
Show When checked the distances between each point will be shown
Distances together with the TIN above.
Show Labels When checked the point name will be shown next to each point in
the map.
Real Time
Updates
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Update Style Select the style of the update for real time time series graphs:
• Continuous: The graph is shifted to the left as each new

data is received.
• Shifting: The graph grows toward the right. When the
right hand edge is reached the graph shifts back to the
middle.
Update On Select the way real time graphs are updated:
• Data Only: Only when new data is received. The graph

will not indicate if a communication problem has
occurred.
• Data and Time: When new data is received and at
specific time intervals.
• Time Only. Only updated at a defined interval. Can
significantly reduce CPU usage when viewing high rate
data.
Update Timer The interval between the timed updated used by Update On
above.
X Axis, Y
Axis
Auto Grid When selected the spacing of the grid lines will be determined
automatically.
Interval The interval between the grid lines.
Grid Lines The grid lines to be displayed:
• None: No grid lines will be displayed.

• Major only: Fewer grid lines will be displayed than
normal.
• Normal: Grid lines will be displayed.
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Menus and Toolbars
Colours:
Field Description
Series Select a data series and assign a colour to it.
Plot Specific
Special This colour is used for showing thresholds in time series and bar
graphs
SV Track This colour is used for showing satellite tracks in sky plots
Vector This colour is used for showing vectors in vector maps
(Normal)
Vector (+) This colour is used for showing positive displacement vectors in
height vector maps
TIN This colour is used for showing a Triangulated Irregular Network
of lines between sites in a map. The lines connect the sites
nearest to each other
Elevation This colour is used for showing the area below the defined
Mask elevation mask in sky plots
Vector Base This colour is used for showing the origin of vectors in vector
maps
Vector (-) This colour is used for showing negative displacement vectors in
height vector maps
General
Label Text Select the colour to be used for the title and axis labels
Primary Plot Select the colour to be used for point labels
Text
Secondary Select the colour to be used for other textual information in the
Plot Text plot, such as the distances between sites in a site map
Background Select the colour to be used for the background of the plot
(outside the plot region)
Plot Area Select the colour to be used for the background of the plot (inside
the plot region)
Borders Select the colour to be used for the border of the plot region
Grid Lines Select the colour to be used for the grid lines
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Series / Comments
The Series and Comments dialog is available in all graphical views.
Field Description
All Activate all series. All active series will be shown in the plot.
None De-activate all series.
Toggle Toggle the active and inactive series.
250
Quick Start Tutorials
Quick Start Tutorials - Overview
These tutorials shall guide the novice user through the basic set up and configuration
procedures of Leica SpiderQC.
Analysis of Automatic Processing Results
Analysis of Quality Check Results
Quick Tour: Reference Station Integrity Monitoring
Quick Tour: Deformation Monitoring with Spider Real Time (RT) Positioning Products
Quick Tour: Deformation Monitoring with Spider Post Processing (PP) Positioning Products
Quick Tour: Plotting Coordinate Results from LGO
Quick Tour: Detection of Unflagged Cycle Slips
Quick Tour: Measure GLONASS Inter-frequency Biases
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Analysis of Automatic Processing Results
The automatic quality check creates the same output files as the manual quality check.
Therefore the same analysis is possible as for the manual processing. However, the large
volumes of data produced by one or more reference stations precludes detailed examination
of the output for each and every file. For this reason Leica SpiderQC produces a range of
graphical and textural outputs that provide overviews and summaries of the processing
results. The main types are: graphs of the quality indicators, station summary reports (overall
summary, quality statistics and quality testing), file reports of individual processing results and
the web page.
Graphs of Quality Indicators
The graphs may be created manually using Results...Plot Graph, or by configuring

automatic graph generation in the Automatic Program Settings. The plot may be generated
using data from: the last 30 days, the current GPS week, the current month or a specified
GPS week or month.
The following plots are available:
Graph Description
Cycle slips A plot of the number of cycles slips above the
elevation mask for each file.
GDOP A plot of the average GDOP for each file.
Latency A plot of the difference between the nominal file
creation time and the actual file creation time for each
file.
No SV A plot of the average number of satellites tracked for
each file.
Outliers A plot of the estimated number of outliers for each file.
Overall Data A plot of completeness that shows the percentage of
Completeness complete observations compared to the theoretical
number of possible observations for each file.
Pc Complete A plot of completeness that shows the percentage of
Observations complete observations compared to the number of
measured observations for each file.
Pc Epochs A plot that shows the percentage of epochs that has
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Min SV measurements to at least the specified minimum

number of satellites.
Pc Epochs A plot of completeness that shows the percentage of
With Data epoch with measurements compared to the
theoretical number of possible epochs for each file.
PDOP A plot of the average PDOP for each file.
Station Summary Reports
The station summary reports may be created manually using Results...Compile Station
Summary Reports. The report may be generated using data from: the last 30 days, the
current GPS week, the current month or a specified GPS week or month.
The following reports are available:
Report Description
Overall A report that lists a summary of the number of files that
were expected, processed and missing for each station
along with the average pass/failure rate for the quality
testing.
Quality A report that lists the average values for the major quality
Stats indicators over the report period for each station.
Quality A report that summarises station by station the results of
Testing the quality testing showing the percentages of failure for
each test.
File Reports
The files reports may be created manually using Results...Compile File Report. The report
may be generated using data from: the last 30 days, the current GPS week, the current month
or a specified GPS week or month. The report is a list of all files in the selected period
showing the results of their quality check followed by some summary information.
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Web Page
The web may be created manually using Results...Create Web Page, or by configuring
automatic web page generation in the Automatic Program Settings. The web page has a main
page (index.htm) that shows the current station status with a traffic light symbol and provides
station-wise links to the pages listed in the following table.
Page Description
Quality A selection of graphs (as above) showing key quality
Plots indicators. Up to six graphs may be configured to be
shown in the Web Page Settings.
File A report that lists file by file the results of the quality
Summary checking for a period specified in the Web Page Settings.
File A graphical representation showing which files are
Availability available for download. The period to be shown is set in
the Web Page Settings.
Status Information
The Messages tab contains a list of all important events regarding automatic processing,
including information on:
• Starting, stopping and resuming of automatic processing.

• Editing of settings.
• Quality check failures and format problems.
• Low disk space.
• Security problems (spurious files found).
• System error information (problems accessing files or data drives, dongle not found,
failure to send emails etc.).
The Station Status and Network View (Data Quality) tabs show the current traffic light
status of each site, the Station Status in a list view and the Network View (Data Quality)
graphically.
254
Analysis of Quality Check Results
General Testing
Most of the summary information given in the QC output can be interpreted in a subjective
way. For instance, how many cycle slips does there have to be for the data to be “bad”?
Testing of the software using a reference network has shown that different receivers (makes
and models) will behave differently. Even different receivers of the same make, model and
firmware may behave quite differently under similar conditions. Also receivers are sometimes
not very consistent and a degradation of quality may be seen over time, or under unusual
circumstances such as GPS week rollover.
Following this testing some common or possible quality issues were identified and, where
possible, numerical limits were decided upon for what might be termed the “normal operation”
of a geodetic grade receiver. Based on the identified problems, Leica SpiderQC will perform a
series of Pass/Fail tests (refer to Quality Testing Settings) that are used to decide if the data
is of acceptable quality or not. The results of these tests may be found under the heading
"Quality Testing" in the QC report. See the sample QC output below.
It is important to be aware that some of these tests are subjective and do not offer a complete
evaluation of the data quality. Rather they should be used to identify a problem and further
analysis of the processing output may be required to properly assess the cause of the quality
concern. Choosing a lower elevation mask will significantly influence the results. Receivers
have difficulty tracking satellites at low elevation (less than 10 or 15 degrees) and so the ratio
of actual versus theoretical observations will decrease and the number of cycle slips will
increase.
Refer to the Quality Check Output for a description of the results contained in the output.
Quality Issues
The following table lists many of the common and not so common problems that may be
found with GPS data and gives suggestions on how these problems may be detected using
SpiderQC.
Quality Issue Indicators and Comments

Data gaps
1. The number of epochs with data will be less than the
expected number for the length of the file and the observation
rate.
2. Data gaps will be listed individually, depending on the quality
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settings used.
Poor tracking
1. The receiver has a low percentage of recorded versus
possible observations.
2. The receiver shows a high number of cycle slips. If the cycle

slip count is high enough, then the Cycle Slip Test will fail.
3. The receiver does not track some satellites at high elevation.

4. The percentage of complete observations will be low.
5. L2 multipath estimate (MP2) is much higher than the MP1
estimate. This is typical for receivers that use a poor P-code
reconstruction technique, such as the Trimble 4000 SSI.
6. The signal to noise ratio will be lower than could be expected.

Note that the SNR S1 and S2 values can differ based on the
receiver manufacturer and model. The mapped SNR values
in RINEX (0-9) are not of much use for quality checking
because the resolution is too coarse and the mapping
function is non standard.
7. Poor tracking can be the result of the antenna, antenna

environment (e.g. trees, obstructions, FR interference),
antenna cable (quality and length), inline amplification and
receiver.
Files do not
1. File passes the Format test.
comply with RINEX
standard
2. Important header information, such as receiver coordinates
may be missing.
3. Individual format problems will be listed in the Obs File Error

Messages, Nav File Error Messages or General Error
Messages sections depending on the nature of the format
error.
4. Take care that any user defined header COMMENTS are

correct (number of characters, no tabs etc.)
Navigation file is
1. If the navigation file does not contain all of the necessary
incomplete or
orbit records for the associated observation file the Nav Data
contains errors
Test will fail.
2. It can be that there is ephemeris data available for the
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satellite but that it is out of date (GPS orbit records have a

validity of 2 hours, GLONASS orbit records have a validity of
15 minutes).
3. The number of observations with invalid navigation data will

be greater than zero.
Site has
1. The receiver has a low percentage of recorded versus
obstructions
possible observations.
2. The receiver is not tracking some satellites at low elevation.

3. The SNR Skyplot will show gaps.
High multipath
1. The multipath MP1/MP2 RMS estimates are significantly
higher at one site than another with the same
antenna/receiver.
2. The MP1 and/or MP2 RMS estimates will be high. Typically

modern geodetic grade receivers have a code measurement
precision of 0.35m for L1 and L2, so the MP1 and MP2 RMS
values should be similar.
3. A time series of MP1 and MP2 values (as either a line graph
or skyplot) can be used to see the multipath estimates
directly.
Receiver clock is
1. The maximum receiver clock offset will be greater than one
not correctly
millisecond.
synchronised
2. A short interval between clock resets or a high number of
clock slips is an indicator of a poor clock.
Note:
• In some situations, such as erroneous orbit data or wrong header coordinates, many
of the numerical quality indicators reported by SpiderQC will be wrong. The error
should be corrected and then re-processed to get meaningful values.
• Some receivers use code smoothing to enhance RTK performance and which will
result in low MP1 and MP2 RMS estimates.
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Further Analysis
In order to analyze the raw data in more detail than the QC check, Leica SpiderQC contains a
number of useful tools.
These tools include:
Plot Multipath Estimates as Skyplot or Scatter Plot vs Elevation or Time Series
Plot Signal to Noise Ratio as Skyplot or Scatter Plot vs Elevation
Plot Coordinate Time Series from NMEA data or LGO results
258
Quick Tour: Reference Station Integrity Monitoring
A good way to monitor the overall performance of a reference station network is to set up a
permanent rover receiving corrections from the network as an "integrity monitoring station".
The NMEA position output of the rover can then be read by SpiderQC to graphically and
numerically display the accuracy of the positioning. If Leica GNSS Spider is providing the
NMEA results rather than a GPS receiver see the quick guide Deformation Monitoring with
Spider Positioning Products.
To Configure SpiderQC for Real Time Integrity Monitoring
Follow these steps to configure SpiderQC for Real Time Integrity Monitoring.
Part Action
1 Create a Reference Coordinate
2 Configure the Connection to the GPS/GNSS Receiver
3 Set the Display and Web Page Output Options
4 Connect to the Data Stream
Part 1: Create a Reference Coordinate
Follow these steps to create a Reference Coordinate.
Step Action
1 Using an external processing package calculate the known
coordinates of the integrity station in WGS84 (or similar such as
ITRF) X,Y,Z.
2 Open the Tools...Edit Coordinates... menu. The Edit Coordinates
List dialog will open.
3 Add a new point using the Edit...New... menu. The Edit Point dialog
will open.
4 Enter the station name and the X, Y, Z coordinates. Exit the dialog
with OK.
5 Save the coordinate list using the File...Save as... menu. Exit the
dialog with OK.
6 Open the Edit...Settings... menu. The Edit Settings dialog will be
259
shown.
7 In the tree on the left select General Settings. In a section called
General there is a setting called Coordinate File. Use the browse
button and select the file that was created in step 5 above. Exit the
dialog with OK.
Part 2: Configure the Connection to the GPS/GNSS Receiver
Follow these steps to configure the connection to the GPS/GNSS Receiver.
Step Action
1 Open the Edit...NMEA Connections... menu.
2 Use the Add button to add a connection. Enter the Name of the
NMEA data stream, the communication settings, the NMEA format
and set the coordinate quality to be used for the plot. For the
reference coordinate select the name corresponding to the site name
entered in step 4 above. Exit the dialog with OK.
3 The newly created NMEA connection will be shown in the list. Exit
the dialog with OK.
• To configure limit checking of the NMEA results, create a limit check using
Edit...Limit Checks and then assign the limit class to the connection in Edit...NMEA
Connections.
• To configure messaging assign actions to the different messages using
Part 3: Set the Display and Web Page Output Options
Follow these steps to set the display and web page output options.
Step Action
shown.
2 In the tree on the left select Connection, NMEA.
3 Select the period of data to store in memory. This is the maximum
amount of data that can be shown in the plot. To set the period to be
shown in the web page and that will be initially shown in the plots
260
within SpiderQC set the display period. Optionally select the web
page output, automatic or fixed scaling and the plot title.
4 In the tree on the left select Web Settings. Select the output path for
the optional web page.
5 Expand the Web Settings node to show the item Displacement
Graphs. When this node is selected, in the right hand window will be
a list of up to 6 graphs to be included in the optional web page
output. Select the plot types to be shown in the web page.
6 In the tree on the left select Graph Settings. Expand the node to
show the item Displacement Graph Extents. When this node is
selected, in the right hand window will be a list of graphs types and
their minimum, maximum and tick values. These settings will be used
of a fixed scale is later chosen for the NMEA time series plots. Enter
the desired plot settings. Exit the dialog with OK.
Part 4: Connect to the Data Stream
Follow these steps to connect to the data stream.
Step Action
1 Use the Connect...NMEA... menu.
2 SpiderQC will establish connections to the configured NMEA data
streams. The online plots will be shown in the Real Time Plot tab
and the connection status will be shown in the Positioning Status
tab. Use the combo box on the toolbar to change the plot type. The
web page will be output at the specified interval. Use the
Results...View Web Page... menu to launch the web output in the
system default web browser.
261
Quick Tour: Deformation Monitoring with Spider Real Time (RT)
Positioning Products
SpiderQC can be used for real time displacement or deformation analysis when combined
with the Leica GNSS Spider RT Positioning products. The Spider Positioning Products
compute baselines between selected stations providing RTK position estimates in real time.
The NMEA output of Spider can be read by SpiderQC and used to calculate and display
displacements/deformations.
To Configure SpiderQC for Deformation Monitoring with Spider RT Positioning

Products
Follow these steps to configure SpiderQC for Deformation Monitoring with Spider RT
Products.
Part Action
1 Configure the RT Positioning Products in Leica GNSS Spider
2 Configure the Connections to the Positioning Products
3 Configure the Limit Checks
4 Configure the Messaging Options
5 Set the Display and Web Page Output Options
Part 1: Configure the RT Positioning Products in Leica GNSS Spider
Follow these steps to configure the RT Positioning Products in Leica GNSS Spider.
Step Action
1 Create the sites in the Spider Site Server.
2 Connect the sites and check that the data communications are
working.
3 Create the RT Positioning products. Send the results to TPC/IP.
262
Part 2: Configure the Connections to the Positioning Products
Follow these steps to configure the connections to the Positioning Products.
Step Action
1 Open the Edit...NMEA Connections... menu.
2 Use the From Spider button to connect to the Spider Site Server.
Enter the IP address or computer name for the PC running the
Spider Site Server. If Spider is installed on the same PC running
SpiderQC enter 'localhost'. Enter the Site Server password (the
password you entered when installing Spider). Exit the dialog with
OK.
3 SpiderQC will connect to the Spider Site Server database and
readout the information of all RT Positioning products with Send To =
TCP/IP. All of the important communications and format settings will
be read from the database. The user defined site coordinates will be
used as the reference coordinates for calculating the displacements.
The reference coordinates are stored in a text file defined in the
Edit...Settings... menu under the section Program Operation. Exit
the dialog with OK.
Part 3: Configure the Limit Checks
Follow these steps to configure the limit checks.
Step Action
1 Open the Edit...Limit Checks... menu. The Limit Checks dialog is
shown.
2 Activate and edit the relevant limit checks for the Default limit class
or create one or more new limit classes using Add. Exit the dialog
with OK.
• Each NMEA connection can be assigned a different limit check.

• All NMEA connections by default use the Default limit class.
• Only the active limit check types for each class will be used to generate out of
limit messages.
• To change the limit class configured for a connection use Edit...NMEA
Connections and edit the connection.
263
Part 4: Configure the Messaging Options
Follow these steps to configure the messaging options.
Step Action
shown.
2 In the tree on the left select Messaging Settings. Select the output
path for the optional web page.
3 (For Email Messaging) Expand the Web Settings node to show the
item Email Settings. When this node is selected, in the right hand
window will be a list of mail server settings that are required to send
email messages. Enter the settings appropriate for your main server.
4 Select the item Email Settings in the tree view on the left. The right
hand window will be a list of GSM modem settings that are required
to send SMS messages. Enter the settings appropriate for your GSM
modem.
5 Exit the dialog with OK.
6 Open the Edit...Messaging and Events... menu. The Edit
Messaging and Event dialog will be shown.
7 Add actions such as emails, SMS and command line events.
8 Link to each message the relevant action by selecting the message
in the left window and activating the check box for the action in the
right window.
9 Use the Overview button to check that the configured
messages/events are correct.
Part 5: Set the Display and Web Page Output Options
Follow these steps to set the display and web page output options.
Step Action
shown.
2 In the tree on the left select Connection, NMEA.
3 Select the period of data to store in memory. This is the maximum
amount of data that can be shown in the plot. To set the period to be
264
shown in the web page and that will be initially shown in the plots
within SpiderQC set the display period. Optionally select the web
page output, automatic or fixed scaling and the plot title.
4 In the tree on the left select Web Settings. Select the output path for
the optional web page.
5 Expand the Web Settings node to show the item Displacement
Graphs. When this node is selected, in the right hand window will be
a list of up to 6 graphs to be included in the optional web page
output. Select the plot types to be shown in the web page.
6 In the tree on the left select Graph Settings. Expand the node to
show the item Displacement Graph Extents. When this node is
selected, in the right hand window will be a list of graphs types and
their minimum, maximum and tick values. These settings will be used
of a fixed scale is later chosen for the NMEA time series plots. Enter
the desired plot settings. Exit the dialog with OK.
Step Action
1 Open the Connect...NMEA... menu.
2 SpiderQC will establish connections to the configured NMEA data
streams. The online plots will be shown in the Real Time Plot tab
and the connection status will be shown in the Positioning Status
tab. Use the combo box on the toolbar to change the plot type. The
web page will be output at the specified interval. Use the
Results...View Web Page... menu to launch the web output in the
system default web browser.
265
Quick Tour: Deformation Monitoring with Spider Post Processing (PP)
Positioning Products
SpiderQC can be used for near real time displacement or deformation analysis when
combined with the Leica GNSS Spider PP Positioning Products. The Spider PP Positioning
products compute baselines between selected stations providing average position estimates
based on logged GPS data over a defined period. The post processing results of Spider are
stored in a SQL database that can be read by SpiderQC and used to calculate and display
displacements/deformations.
To Configure SpiderQC for Deformation Monitoring with Spider PP Positioning

Products
Follow these steps to configure SpiderQC for Deformation Monitoring with Spider PP
Positioning Products.
Part Action
1 Configure the PP Positioning Products in Leica GNSS
Spider
2 Configure the Connections to the PP Positioning Products
3 Configure the Limit Checks
4 Configure the Messaging Options
Part 1: Configure the PP Positioning Products in Leica GNSS Spider
Follow these steps to configure the PP Positioning Products in Leica GNSS Spider.
Step Action
1 Create the sites in the Spider Site Server.
2 Connect the sites and check that the data communications are
working.
3 Create RINEX file products for each site.
4 Create the PP Positioning products. The results are automatically
stored to a SQL database that can be read by SpiderQC.
266
Part 2: Configure the Connections to the PP Positioning Products
Follow these steps to configure the connections to the PP Positioning Products.
Step Action
1 Open the Edit...Spider Post Processing... menu.
2 Use the From Spider button to connect to the Spider Site Server.
Enter the IP address or computer name for the PC running the
Spider Site Server. If Spider is installed on the same PC running
SpiderQC enter 'localhost'. Enter the Site Server password (the
password you entered when installing Spider). Exit the dialog with
OK.
3 SpiderQC will connect to the Spider Site Server database and
readout the information of all Post Processing products. The user
defined site coordinates will be used as the reference coordinates for
calculating the displacements. Exit the dialog with OK.
Part 3: Configure the Limit Checks
Follow these steps to configure the limit checks.
Step Action
1 Open the Edit...Limit Checks... menu. The Limit Checks dialog is
shown.
2 Activate and edit the relevant limit checks for the Default limit class
or create one or more new limit classes using Add. Exit the dialog
with OK.
• Each Spider Post Processing connection can be assigned a different limit check.
• All Spider Post Processing connections by default use the Default limit class.
• Only the active limit check types for each class will be used to generate out of limit
messages.
• To change the limit class configured for a connection use Edit...Spider Post
Processing and edit the connection.
267
Part 4: Configure the Messaging Options
Follow these steps to configure the messaging options.
Step Action
shown.
2 In the tree on the left select Messaging Settings. Select the output
path for the optional web page.
3 (For Email Messaging) Expand the Web Settings node to show the
item Email Settings. When this node is selected, in the right hand
window will be a list of mail server settings that are required to send
email messages. Enter the settings appropriate for your main server.
4 Select the item Email Settings in the tree view on the left. The right
hand window will be a list of GSM modem settings that are required
to send SMS messages. Enter the settings appropriate for your GSM
modem.
6 Open the Edit...Messaging and Events... menu. The Edit
Messaging and Event dialog will be shown.
7 Add actions such as emails, SMS and command line events.
8 Link to each message the relevant action by selecting the message
in the left window and activating the check box for the action in the
right window.
9 Use the Overview button to check that the configured
messages/events are correct.
268
Step Action
1 Open the Connect...Spider Post Processing... menu.
2 Select the period of data to plot. The plot can be an offline view of
historical data only or an online plot that automatically updates by
continuously checking for new results.
3 Exit the dialog with Continue. SpiderQC will read out the results from
the database(s) for the active Spider Post Processing connections
and draw the plot. The plots will be shown in the Plot View tab. Use
the combo box on the toolbar to change the plot type.
269
Quick Tour: Plotting Coordinate Results from LGO
SpiderQC can be used to visualize the coordinates calculated by Leica Geomatics Office
(LGO) by reading in CSV output files. The following is an explanation of how to setup LGO to
create the appropriate CSV files and read them in SpiderQC.
To Process the Data in LGO
Follow these steps to process the data in LGO.
Part Action
1 Import the Data and Prepare the Processing
2 Set the Date and Time Format
3 Process the Data
4 Save the Results to a CSV file
5 Import the Data into SpiderQC
270
Part 1: Import the Data and Prepare the Processing
Follow this step to import the data and prepare the processing.
Step Action
1 A project must be created and the GNSS data imported into LGO as usual. The rover data
should be kinematic and the reference static as shown in the screen shot below.
Part 2: Set the Date and Time Format
Follow this step to set the date and time format.
Step Action
1 The data and time format must be set to DD/MM/YYYY HH:MM:SS for SpiderQC to be
able to interpret the date and time. The time format can be set in LGO using the
Tools...Options menu in the Units tab of the Options dialog, as shown below.
271
Part 3: Process the Data
Follow this step to process the data.
Step Action
1 Process the data. After the data processing has been completed LGO will switch to the
Results tab and shown the computed coordinates. The list view should display the default
columns. The displayed columns can be set using the right mouse button context as shown
below.
272
2 SpiderQC expects the following columns to be included in the Report view (and hence in the
CSV output created in the next step).
Note: You must output geocentric Cartesian X, Y, Z coordinates (preferably WGS84 or

compatible) and not geographic or local coordinates.
273
Part 4: Save the Results to a CSV file
Follow this step to save the results to a CSV file.
Step Action
1 Save the results as a comma separated text (CSV) files. This can be done using the right
mouse button context as shown below.
Part 5: Import the Data into SpiderQC
Follow these steps to import the data into SpiderQC.
Step Action
1 The Plot Coordinate Time Series Options dialog is accessed via the Deformation
Analysis...Plot Coordinate Time Series menu and is used to plot a time series or scatter
plot of coordinates from a file or real time data stream.
2 Select the desired type of plot.
3 Set the data source as File and CSV XYZ.
4 Set any other options as desired.
5 Press the Continue button. You will be presented with an Open File Dialog.
6 Select the CSV file you created using LGO and press Open.
274
275
Quick Tour: Detection of Unflagged Cycle Slips
A GNSS receiver will flag a cycle slip if the tracking loops indicate that a disruption to the
tracking has occurred. Depending on the receiver type and the atmospheric conditions
(especially the ionosphere) the flagging of cycle slips by the receiver may not be 100%
reliable. Slips may occur which are not flagged and slips may be flagged when in fact no cycle
slip has occurred. Also the software that creates the RINEX file may not correctly carry
forward cycle slips flags when e.g. decimating the data.
In order to evaluate the cycle slip flagging in the RINEX files, the following steps should be
followed.
To Evaluate Cycle Slip Flagging
Follow these steps to evaluate the cycle slip flagging.
Part Action
1 Load the Data
2 Configure the Offline View to Show Double Difference Residuals
3 Analyze the Data
Part 1: Load the Data
Follow these steps to load the data.
Step Action
1 To effectively detect cycle slips data from two receivers are needed
to form double differences. The shorter the baseline the less residual
error will remain after the double differencing the more reliable the
cycle slip detection will be. Zero baselines (two receivers connected
to a single antenna) are recommended.
2 Load the GPS and (if required) GLONASS navigation files using the
File...Open GPS Navigation file and the File..Open GLONASS
Navigation File menus.
3 Load the two or more observation files using File...Open
Observation File.
276
Part 2: Configure the Offline View to Show Double Difference Residuals
Follow these steps to configure the offline view to show double difference residuals.
Step Action
1 Open the Raw Data Analysis...Residual Analysis Settings menu.
2 In the Residual Analysis Options dialog, set the following options (see
the screen shot below):
• Value Type = Residual

• Difference Level = Double
• Frequency = L1 or L2
• Units = Phase (cycles)
• Corrections to Be Applied: Troposphere (recommended)
• Phase Levelling: Level Phase with Use only flagged cycle
slips
• X Axis: Time
277
4 SpiderQC will update the Offline View tab. If it is not already selected,
click on the Offline View tab in the main window.
Part 3: Analyze the Data
Follow these steps to analyze the data.
Step Action
1 In the Offline View you would see double difference residual time series. If the there are no
unflagged cycle slips, then the residuals should be clearly centered around zero.
Example: The screen shot below shows double difference residuals from a zero baseline
(two receivers connected to a single antenna). The time series are clearly centered around
zero for the whole time period. The differences from zero are due to measurement noise.
2 If there are unflagged cycle slips then as some point one or more of the residual time series
should diverge.
Example: In the zero baseline example below the double difference series G5-G1 diverges
by 5 cycles at 05:03:21 indicating an unflagged cycle slip.
278
3 To show the flagged cycle slips in the plots, use the right-click context menu within the Plot
View and select the option Show Comments.
Example: In the zero baseline example below there are flagged cycle slips on the G1 satellite
at 05:02:01 and 05:03:43.
The flagged cycle slip at 05:02:01 corresponds with the time the receiver started tracking and
is a valid cycle slip.
There is no flagged cycle slip at 05:03:21 after a break in the tracking. The ambiguity has
changed from 0 to -5 cycles so an actual cycle slip has occured.
The flagged cycle slip at 05:03:43 follows a break in the tracking. However, there is clearly no
actual cycle slip since the ambiguity remains on -5 cycles.
279
Tips:
• To show symbols at each of the data points use the right mouse button context
in the Plot View and select Draw Points.
• To enable tool tips for the data points use the right mouse button context in the
Plot View and select Enable Tool Tips. Hover the mouse pointer over one of
the data points to get exact information on the series, x and y values.
• To measure the size of the cycle slip use the "Measure" command by right-
clicking on the graph. Once you have activated the Measure mode, left-click
and drag on the graph to use the measure tool.
280
Quick Tour: Measure GLONASS Inter-frequency Biases
GLONASS uses Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology to distinguish the
signals from the various satellites, as opposed to GPS which used Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA). With FDMA each satellite tracked by the receiver will use a different
frequency for its L1 and L2 band signals. One consequence of this is that the wavelengths of
the phase measurements for each satellite will be different. Another consequence of the
FDMA technology is that the biases introduced by the receiver might be slightly different for
each satellite. These differences to GPS are important for ambiguity resolution with
GLONASS and combined GPS/GLONASS receivers.
To Measure GLONASS Inter-Frequency Biases
Follow these steps to measure GLONASS Inter-Frequency Biases.
Part Action
1 Load the Data
2 Configure the Offline View to Show Double Difference Residuals
3 Analyze the Data
Part 1: Load the Data
Follow these steps to load the data.
Step Action
1 To effectively detect cycle slips data from two receivers are needed
to form double differences. The shorter the baseline the less residual
error will remain after the double differencing the more reliable the
cycle slip detection will be. Zero baselines (two receivers connected
to a single antenna) are recommended.
2 Load the GPS and GLONASS navigation files using the File...Open
GPS Navigation file and the File..Open GLONASS Navigation File
menus.
3 Load the two or more observation files using File...Open
Observation File.
281
Part 2: Configure the Offline View to Show Double Difference Residuals
Follow these steps to configure the offline view to show double difference residuals.
Step Action
1 Open the Raw Data Analysis...Residual Analysis Settings menu.
2 In the Plot View Settings dialog, set the following options (see the
screen shot below):
• Value Type = Residual

• Difference Level = Double
• Frequency = L1 or L2
• Units = Phase (cycles)
• Corrections to Be Applied: Troposphere
(recommended)
• Phase Levelling: Level Phase with Use only
flagged cycle slips and SD Reference Ambiguity
• X Axis: Time

4 SpiderQC will update the Offline View tab. If it is not already
selected, click on the Plot View tab in the main window.
282
Part 3: Analyze the Data
In the Plot View you would see double difference residual time series.
Example: The screen shot below shows double difference residuals from a zero baseline
(two receivers connected to a single antenna). The double differences composed of two GPS
satellites (e.g. G8-G29) are centered on zero because with GPS hardware biases are (for
good quality receivers) the same for each channel and, hence, cancel in the differencing. For
GPS-GLONASS and GLONASS-GLONASS double differences there will be a constant bias.
As seen in the plot below the bias is different depending on the GLONASS satellite(s) that are
used. This is due to the dependance of the bias on the frequency.
If the Phase Levelling option SD Reference Ambiguity is not used, then larger biases will be
seen in the double differences involving GLONASS satellites. These biases is not due to
hardware but to the problem of the ambiguities on each satellite having different wavelengths.
The purpose of the SD Reference Ambiguity option is to account for the differences in the
frequencies by estimating the single difference ambiguity for the reference satellite in addition
to the double difference ambiguity. It is likely that the single difference reference ambiguity will
not be estimated perfectly and some bias will remain. The bias will be different for each
satellite because of the different frequencies used by each satellite.
283
The estimation of the SD Reference Ambiguity is made using the code measurements. When
using receivers from different manufacturers there can be code biases that influence the
estimation of the SD Reference Ambiguity. Three methods are given:
Method 1:
This method is suitable for baselines of all lengths, but will only calculate an approximate
value for the SD Reference Ambiguity.
Method 2:
This method is only suitable for zero baselines, but will give a better estimate.
Manual:
Method 2 is used and then the user is presented with a dialog where they can modify the
value that is used to do tuning.
284
Example: The screen shot below shows the same data used above but without the SD
Reference Ambiguity option. The differences in the frequencies of the GLONASS satellites
results in a large bias in the residuals. The double differences using only GPS satellites are
unaffected because all GPS satellites use the same frequency.
285
Technical Information
Quality Check Output
The output of the quality check is a HTML file with a number of numerical and textual quality
and summary indicators.
The results are divided into the following sections:
• File Details: Names of the files that were checked.

• Station Details: The basic receiver, antenna and position information for the site.
• Session Summary: The details of the observation period pertaining to the input file.
• Quality Testing: A series of pass/fail tests that are designed to indicate at a glance
if the data are of acceptable quality or not.
• General Quality Indicators: A series of indicators that may be used to assess the
quality of the data.
• Quality Indicators by Satellite System: Satellite system specific quality measures.
• Extended Quality Information: More detailed breakdown of the quality indicators.
• Observation File Error Messages: A list of error messages that relate specifically to
the observation file.
• GPS Navigation File Error Messages: A list of error messages that relate
specifically to the GPS navigation file.
• GLONASS Navigation File Error Messages: A list of error messages that relate
specifically to the GLONASS navigation file.
• Galileo Navigation File Error Messages: A list of error messages that relate
specifically to the Galileo navigation file.
• General File Error Messages: A list of general error messages.
• Notes: Some notes for the user that explain some input settings.
287
File Details
Names of the files that were checked.
Field Description
Observation The source observation file name.

File
GPS The source GPS navigation file name.
Navigation
File
GLONASS The source GLONASS navigation file name. Only shown for
Navigation mixed GPS/GLONASS files.
File
Quality A global "Pass" or "Fail" for the quality tests. See the Quality
Testing Testing section below for more information.
Station Details
The basic receiver, antenna and position information for the site.
Field Description
Marker The name of the marker where the data was collected (from
Name/Number header).
Observer/Agency Name of the observer and organization collecting the data
(from header).
Receiver Receiver number, type and version (from header).
#/Type/Vers
Antenna #/Type Antenna type (from header).
Antenna Offsets Antenna offsets in Height, East and North directions (from
(HEN) header).
Approx Position Approximate position of the antenna in WGS84 Cartesian
(XYZ) XYZ coordinates (from header).
Approx Position Approximate position of the antenna in WGS84 latitude,
(plh) longitude and ellipsoidal height (from header).
Diff. Est-Header Difference in X, Y, Z between the header coordinate and the
coordinate estimated by Leica SpiderQC.
Diff. Est-Header Three dimensional difference between the estimated and
header coordinate, plus the number of estimates used to
derive the estimated coordinate.
288
Session Summary
The details of the observation period pertaining to the input file.
Field Description
Time of first The GPS (receiver) time of the first observation in the file (from
obs header). Uses the format DD-MM-YYYY HH:MM:SS.
Time of last The GPS (receiver) time of the last observation in the file. Uses
obs the format DD-MM-YYYY HH:MM:SS.
Session The total length of the file.
length
GPS Week The GPS week and day of week of the file.
Observation The interval between observations in seconds.
interval
UTC leap The number of UTC leap seconds recorded in the file. The UTC
seconds leap seconds refers to the number leap second adjustments
made to UTC since GPS time began (GPS time, unlike UTC and
GLONASS time, is not adjusted for leap seconds).
Num SVs The number of satellites that have observations in the file.
with obs
Num SVs The number of satellites that have orbit information in the
with nav navigation file.
Total GPS The total number of orbits for all GPS satellites in the navigation
orbits file.
Total The total number of orbits for all GLONASS satellites in the
GLONASS navigation file (if applicable).
orbits
Total Galileo The total number of orbits for all Galileo satellites in the
orbits navigation file (if applicable).
SVs with obs The PRN numbers of all satellites for which there are
observations in the input files.
• SBAS satellites are indicated by a S.
SVs without The PRN numbers of all satellites for which there are no
obs observations in the input files.
SVs with nav The PRN numbers of all satellites for which there are ephemeris
data in the input files.
289
SVs without The PRN numbers of all satellites for which there are no
nav ephemeris data in the input files.
User The list of satellites that have been disabled using
Disabled Edit...Settings...Quality Testing and Processing...Satellite Status.
SVs:
Quality Testing
A series of pass/fail tests that are designed to indicate at a glance if the data are of
acceptable quality or not.
Field Description
General Tests
Epochs With Pass/fail test based on the percentage of recorded versus

Data possible compared with a pre-defined limit.
File Format Pass/fail test on the compliance of the observation and navigation
file to the RINEX format.
RX Clock Pass/fail test based on the maximum receiver clock offset
compared to a pre-defined limit.
Other Pass/fail test on various miscellaneous quality issues such as non-
synchronised epochs, out of sequence epochs and duplicated
epochs. Details of such a failure will be listed in the General Error
Messages section.
Satellite System Specific Tests

Cycle Slips Pass/fail test based on the number of cycle slips on observations
above the elevation mask compared to the expected number of
cycle slips for that number of observations.
Multipath Pass/fail test based on the magnitude of the MP1, MP2 and MP5
estimates for observations to satellites compared to an acceptable
limit.
Data Pass/fail test based on the percentage of complete observations
Completeness to satellites above the elevation mask compared to a pre-defined
limit.
Navigation Pass/fail test on the availability and validity of orbit data for all
Data tracked satellites.
290
General Quality Indicators
A series of indicators that may be used to assess the quality of the data.
Field Description
Tracking
Num obs > 0° The total number of observations to satellites contained in the
file.
Num possible The total number of theoretically possible observations to
obs > 0° satellites above the horizon assuming no obstructions and
perfect tracking.
Num obs with The number of observation for which there is no valid orbit (i.e.
invalid nav the orbit exists, but is invalid). For a observation to have an
invalid orbit the calculated elevation of the satellite must be less
than zero degrees.
Num obs The number of observations for which there is not orbit data.
without nav
Num obs to The total number of observations that are not used because the
unhealthy SV SV was flagged as unhealthy.
Num obs with The number of observations that have been effected by a
WLF change change in wavelength factor.
Num obs GPS The total number of observations to GPS satellites contained in
> 0° the file.
Num obs The total number of observations to GLONASS satellites
GLONASS > 0° contained in the file.
Num obs The total number of observations to Galileo satellites contained
Galileo > 0° in the file.
Num obs All > The total number of observations to all satellites (GPS,
0° GLONASS and Galileo) contained in the file.
Epochs with The number of epochs less than minimum number of tracked
<x SV > x° satellites above the elevation mask.
Epochs with The number of epochs where all satellites above the mask were
all SV > x° tracked.
Epochs with The number of epochs where all satellites above the mask were
full data> x° tracked and where all the required observation types were
291
complete.
Satellite
Geometry
PDOP The minimum, maximum and average Position Dilution of
Precision calculated from a single point position at each epoch.
GDOP The minimum, maximum and average Geometric Dilution of
Precision calculated from a single point position at each epoch.
Data Gaps
Num epochs The number of epochs contained in the file.

with data
Num epochs The number of epochs missing from the file. The difference
without data between the expected number of epochs (based on the period
of observation and observation interval) and the number of
epochs in the file.
Data Gaps The total time of all data gaps in the file.
List of Data A list of all data gaps with a duration of at least the number
Gaps (-) epochs set in Quality Testing and Processing Settings: Report
Data Gap field.
Non tracked A list of all satellites that are above the elevation mask but not
satellites > x° tracked for at least the period given in Quality Testing and
Processing Settings: Report Missing SV field.
Receiver
Clock
Clock Slips > The number of times lock was lost on all satellites or a
x° millisecond clock correction was applied directly to the code
ranges.
Max RX clock The maximum calculated receiver clock offset from true GPS
offset time in milliseconds.
292
Num of RX The number of adjustments made to the epoch time tag to

clock resets compensate for clock drift.
Total clock The total clock drift recorded in the epoch time tag.
drift
Rate of clock The rate of clock drift based on the offsets to the times of the
drift epochs.
Av time The average time between corrections to the time of epoch to
between compensate for clock drift.
resets
Quality Indicators by Satellite System
Tracking
Num obs > x° The total number of observation to satellites above the elevation
mask contained in the file.
% obs > x° The total number of observation to satellites above the elevation
mask as a percentage of the theoretically possible number.
Num possible The total number of theoretically possible observations to
obs > x° satellites above the elevation mask assuming no obstructions
and perfect tracking.
Num complete The number of the recorded observations to satellites above the
obs > x° elevation mask that have complete (valid) observations for all of
the required observation types.
% complete The number of the recorded observations to satellites above the
obs > x° elevation mask that have complete (valid) observations for all of
the required observation types as a percentage of the
theoretically possible number.
Average # SV The average number of satellites tracked per epoch.
per Epoch
Obs L2: Obs The ratio of L2 observations to L1 observations.

L1
Obs L5: Obs The ratio of L5 observations to L1 observations.
L1
293
Cycle Slips
Num cycle The estimated number of cycle slips on satellites above the
slips > x° elevation mask based on the cycle slip detection settings.
% slips per The estimated number of cycle slips on satellites above the
complete obs elevation mask based on the cycle slip detection settings as a
percentage of the number of complete observations.
Num complete The number of complete observations on average for each
obs per slip cycle slip.
IOD Slips > x° The estimated number of cycles caused by ionospheric delay
on satellites above the elevation mask, based on the IOD
signifying a slip.
Outliers > x° The number of possible outliers detected as part of the cycle
slip detection algorithm.
LLIL1 : Obs L1 The ratio of flagged cycle slips to observations on L1.
Multipath
MP1 RMS The average RMS over all satellites of the estimated code
multipath on L1 (MP1).
294
Extended Quality Information
More detailed breakdown of the quality indicators.
• This section will only be included if the Show Extended Output option is
enabled.
Field Description
Tracking by The tracking status for each supported observation type.
observation
type > x°
Tracking by Satellite specific tracking information including the:
satellite > x°
• Minimum satellite elevation
• Maximum satellite elevation
• Number of possible observations
• Number of actual observations
• Number of observation with invalid ephemeris
• Number of cycle slips
Missing phase The tracking status of each carrier phase measurement by

observations satellite, including the:
by satellite >
x° • Number of observations
• Percentage of missing L1, L2, L5
Missing code The tracking status of each pseudo-range measurement by

observations satellite, including the:
by satellite >
x° • Number of observations
• Percentage of missing C1, C2, C5, P1, P2
Tracking by The tracking status according to satellite elevation. Includes,

satellite
elevation > x° • Number of cycle slips GPS
• Number of cycle slips GLONASS
• Percentage of observations
Signal to The average signal to noise ratio per satellite for each of the
Noise Ratio by frequencies L1, L2 and L5.
satellite > x°
295
Code The average MP1, MP2 and MP5 code multipath estimates for
multipath by each satellite.
satellite > x°
Code The average MP1, MP2 and MP5 code multipath estimates for
multipath by each 5 degree elevation range.
satellite
elevation > x°
296
Messages
The list of registered messages available in the system is shown in the table below. Some
other messages can be produced by the software which are not registered and are not shown
in this list or in the Messages and Events dialog. Such messages include those relating to the
changing of setting by the user and those generated if sending of a email or other system
operation fails.
Each message has a certain level of priority indicated by its icon and the colour used to
display it in the Messages tab. The levels are:
Message Priority
Icon Priority
Notice
Warning
Error
Messages
Icon Message Description

Absolute limit check Absolute limit check 1 failed because the difference
level 1 exceeded between the received coordinate (from NMEA or Spider
Post Processing) and the reference value was greater
than the configured limit.
Absolute limit check As above except level 2 failed.
level 2 exceeded
Absolute limit check As above except level 3 failed.
level 3 exceeded
297
Invalid limit check The limit class assigned to the NMEA or Spider Post
Processing connection no longer exists and therefore
cannot be computed.
Started automatic Automatic RINEX processing was successfully started by
processing the user.
Stopped automatic Automatic RINEX processing was stopped by the user.
processing
Resumed automatic Automatic RINEX processing was successfully resumed
processing by the user or automatically by the system (see the Auto
Program settings).
Start automatic Automatic RINEX processing failed to start.
processing failed
Resume automatic Automatic RINEX processing failed to resume.
processing failed
No dongle found A valid dongle (hardware protection key) is no longer
attached to the PC. All options will be disabled and
automatic processing will stop.
RINEX file is late A RINEX file that is to be processed by the automatic
processing has not arrived within the expected time
window (see the latency setting in Automate...Edit
Stations). SpiderQC will still continue to try to process the
file until the maximum time period has elapsed (see
below).
RINEX file is missing A RINEX file that is to be processed by the automatic
processing has not arrived within the maximum time
window during which SpiderQC will continue to try to
process the file (see the Auto Program Settings). No
further attempts will be made to process this file.
RINEX file has failed A pair (observation/navigation) of RINEX files has failed
quality testing the test criteria of the automatic quality check.
RINEX file has A RINEX file processed during automatic processing has
format problems been found to be not compliant with the RINEX standard.
Such a failure is often caused by improper use of
COMMENT lines in the header.
Low disk space One of the drives used for automatic RINEX processing
has less than the configured minimum amount of free
space (see Messaging Setings).
Unexpected file A file of an unexpected type was found in a data path
used for automatic RINEX processing. This could be a
298
found potential security risk. See Security Settings for more

information.
Connection lost A TCP/IP connection to an NMEA data stream was lost.

Check that the data provider (e.g. Leica GNSS Spider RT
Positioning Product) is activated and working correctly.
SpiderQC will auto reconnect when the server is working
correctly.
Extract archive failed RINEX files could not be extracted from a zip archive.
Check that the file is valid and that the drive is write-
enabled. If it is a network drive check that the sharing
permissions include writing.
Language file(s) No valid XML language files required by SpiderQC to
missing create the web page were found. These files must be in
the Language sub folder within the install folder. To
restore the default languages you can reinstall the
software.
Synchronization with SpiderQC failed to access the SpiderWeb database on
SpiderWeb failed the local machine. Check that SpiderWeb is correctly
installed and running on the same PC as SpiderQC.
Number of dongle More sites are configured than are set on the dongle.
sites exceeded Please upgrade your dongle or remove some sites.
Customer Care Your Customer Care Package (CCP) will expire in a few
Package (CCP) will days. Without a valid CCP you will not be able to access
expire soon the protected functionality of new versions of SpiderQC.
To renew your CCP and obtain a new license key please
contact your local Leica Geosystems representative. The
new license key can be activated using Help...License
Monitor.
Customer Care Your Customer Care Package (CCP) is no longer valid.
Package (CCP) has Without a valid CCP you will not be able to access the
expired protected functionality of new versions of SpiderQC. To
renew your CCP and obtain a new license key please
contact your local Leica Geosystems representative. The
new license key can be activated using Help...License
Monitor.
299
Hatanaka A compact (Hatanaka compressed) RINEX file could not
decompress failed be converted to standard RINEX for reading. Either the
file is corrupted or there is a problem with the SpiderQC
installation. If there is a general problem decompressing
compact RINEX files, close SpiderQC and re-open it. If
that fails then reinstall the software.
Connection to SQL SpiderQC could not open a connection to an SQL
database failed database (e.g. Spider database, SpiderPositioning
database or SpiderWeb database). Check that the LAN or
internet connection is working and that the SQL port 1433
is open in the firewall.
Accuracy limit check Accuracy limit check 1 failed because the standard
1 exceeded deviation about the reference coordinate of the received
NMEA data was greater than the configured limit.
Accuracy limit check As above except level 2 failed.
2 exceeded
Accuracy limit check As above except level 3 failed.
3 exceeded
Availability limit Availability limit check 1 failed because the percentage of
check 1 exceeded high quality solutions of the received NMEA data was
greater than the configured limit. High quality refers to the
NMEA solution type configured in the NMEA connection
settings.
Availability limit As above except level 2 failed.
check 2 exceeded
Availability limit As above except level 3 failed.
check 3 exceeded
300
Profiles
A profile defines the direction (i.e. azimuth) in which the longitudinal displacement will be
computed. Every NMEA and Spider Post Processing connection can be assigned a profile
which is used during the calculation of the displacements. The calculation of the displacement
along the profile, perpendicular to the profile and in the vertical direction is dependent on the
type of Limit Class assigned to the point.
Definition
301
Index
A M
Address...................................................97 Map ...................................................... 158
Archive....................................................69 Message ................................................ 97
Auto Program Operation.........................69 Monitor Files .......................................... 69
Automatic........................................97, 111 MP1........................................................ 86
Automatic processing .............. 69, 97, 111 MP2........................................................ 86
B Multipath ................................................ 86
Bernese ................................................214 N
C Naming................................................... 69
CC Address ............................................97 NMEA............................................. 33, 175
Contact ...................................................15 NMEA Connections................................ 33
Leica Geosystems ..............................15 Normal Dates ......................................... 69
Coordinate System ...............................198 P
Coordinates ..........................................198 PDOP..................................................... 86
CRD ..............................................198, 214 Plot ................................. 33, 158, 173, 175
D Plot Size................................................. 86
Data Analysis................................158, 173 Plot View Tab........................................... 7
Disconnect Data Stream.......................175 Q
Dongle ..........................................111, 175 QC.................................... 19, 69, 111, 175
E R
Elevation ...............................................158 Receiver Clock..................................... 173
Email.................................................15, 97 Reconnect Data Stream ...................... 175
Email Settings.........................................97 Reference .............................. 33, 146, 173
F Reference Coordinate.................... 33, 183
Fax..........................................................15 Reference File...................................... 146
G Results ................................................... 86
GPS ........................................................97 RINEX ...................................... 19, 69, 198
I RINEX processing.................................. 69
IONEX...........................................196, 215 RS232 .................................................. 176
J S
Julian Dates ............................................69 Scatter plot........................................... 175
L SINEX file............................................. 198
Limit ........................................................97 Site Server ............................................. 33
Limit Check .............................................33 SNR ..................................................... 158
Limit Class ..............................................33 Spider..................... 33, 175, 176, 183, 207
LLQ .........................................................33 Spider Database .................................... 33
LMM........................................................33 Spider Post Processing ............... 175, 183
Longitudinal ............................................33 Spider Site Server.................................. 33
303
Station Quality ......................................114 TECU ................................................... 215
Station Quality Tab ...................................7 Time series .......................... 173, 175, 176
Station Status ...................................7, 114 Transverse displacement....................... 33
Station Status Tab ....................................7 U
Status........................................................7 UTM ..................................................... 198
Status Bar .................................................7 V
Stop ......................................................114 VTECU................................................. 215
SV ...........................................................86 W
T Web.................................... 15, 69, 86, 114
TCP/IP ....................................................33 Web Page ........................................ 69, 86
TEC.......................................................215 World Wide Web .................................... 15
304
Whether providing corrections from just a single reference station,
or an extensive range of services from a nationwide RTK network –
innovative reference station solutions from Leica Geosystems offer
tailor-made yet scalable systems, designed for minimum operator
interaction whilst providing maximum user benefit. In full compliance
with international standards, Leica Geosystems’ proven and reliable
solutions are based on the latest technology.
Precision, value, and service from Leica Geosystems.
When it has to be right.
Illustrations, descriptions and technical data are not binding. All rights reserved.
Copyright Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg, Switzerland, 2010.
Total Quality Management –

our commitment to total
customer satisfaction.
Ask your local Leica Geosystems

dealer for more information
about our TQM program.
Receivers: Antennas: Software: Sevices:

Leica GRX1200+ Series Leica AR25 Leica GNSS Spider Leica CrossCheck
Leica GMX902 Series Leica AR10 Leica SpiderWeb
Leica GMX901 Leica SpiderQC
Leica Geosystems’ customers benefit

from service and support that spans
time zones and geography. Our Active
Customer Care program has packages
to suit your needs, whether you use
our simplest distance measuring device
or the most sophisticated integrated
solution.
Leica Geosystems AG
Heerbrugg, Switzerland
www.leica-geosystems.com

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Leica SpiderQC v4.

Menus and Toolbars................................................................................................................ 17

Edit Settings - Overview .......................................................................................................... 55

Automate ............................................................................................................................... 111

Raw Data Analysis ................................................................................................................ 128

Connect ................................................................................................................................. 175

Connect NMEA ...................................................................................................................... 176

Tools ...................................................................................................................................... 196

Window Menu ........................................................................................................................ 218

Help Menu ............................................................................................................................. 219

Tool Bar Overview ................................................................................................................. 222

Graph Context menu ............................................................................................................. 245

Quick Start Tutorials .............................................................................................................. 251

Technical Information ............................................................................................................ 287

Index ...................................................................................................................................... 303

Welcome and thank you for choosing Leica SpiderQC.

RINEX Data Management

Network RTK Analysis

Automated Analysis of Reference Station Data

Automatic Quality Check

Web page and Status Information

Graphs and Reports

• Summary of key quality and quantity (tracking) information.

RINEX Data Management

• Decimation of RINEX observation files

Network RTK Analysis

• Graphical display of residual ionosphere and troposphere error across an RTK

Automated Analysis of Reference Station Data

Automatic Quality Check

• Scheduled processing of RINEX files generated by a reference network

Web Page and Status Information

• Key information displayed in a customisable multi-language web page

• Make graphs of key quality indicators for each station

The rights and responsibilities accruing in respect to Leica Geosystems AG

Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Minimum hardware requirements:

The Menu Bar lists the following commands:

Automatic RINEX Processing Option

• Automatic quality check of RINEX data for 1 site

Additional Site License Option

Advanced Network Analysis Option

Advanced Coordinate Analysis Option

Advanced Data Analysis Option

World Wide Web

The Leica Geosystems Web Site www.leica-geosystems.com provides unlimited access to a

Main Menu Bar

File Menu Summary

The File menu offers the following commands:

Antenna PCV Imports antenna phase centre variation corrections.

Exit Closes the program.

• You must choose the RINEX observation file.

Running the QC via the User Interface

Follow these steps to run the QC via the user interface.

Running the QC via the Command Line

Follow these steps to run the QC via the command line.

gqc -QC <filepathname>

where <filepathname> is the absolute path to the RINEX

Quality Check Output

Sample Quality Check Output

Analysis of Quality Check Output

Quality Check (Comparison)...

Running the Quality Check (Comparison):