Lumiere brothers

The Lumiere brothers created one of the first

moving picture cameras called the
Cinematography which they used to shoot
their films. Films at the time had no plot or
story and their common purpose was to
show what interested filmmakers. They also
had no cuts or transitions involved, there was
only a short clip showing the progression of an action until the film would run
out leading in no real form of editing involved in film. That was unit the 28th of
December in 1895, were the Lumiere brothers showed their work on a 17-
metre piece of film that was only 50 seconds long. When the brothers ran their
footage through a crank camera it showed workers leaving a factory. Their
films could now show a character in front of the building with then cut to a
shot inside the building. This made the audience believe that it was the same
building.
Georges Meleies
When Melesies was in Pair in 1896 his camera jammed
when shooting a bus coming out of a tunnel, but when he
got the camera to work again the bus was replaced by a
hearse. He when discovered that the bus turned into the
hearse and the jump cut which are used to how the pasting
of time was born. He then went on to use jump cuts in his
films. For example, he used the jump cut in his film The
Haunted Castle 1896 to show the character diss and re
appearing. He also created the Fade in and fade out which is the dissolving to
or from black, the overlapping dissolve which is a dissolve of two shots that is
normally used in a montage and the stop motion photography that gives the
appearance of a movement once the frames are spliced together. For example,
A Trip To The Moon 1902.
Edwin S. Porter
In 1903 Porter made one of the earliest American narrative
films called the Life Of An American Fireman. He done this
by using stock footage and spliced to together with staged
scenes. This created the fictional narrative. He done this by
using temporal overlaps which is shots with overlapping
action. For example, the opening scene with the Fireman
coming down the fire hole. Again in 1903 Porter wideness
his editing knowledge by cutting smart between scenes
without fades, dissolves and he does let the scene reach its logical ending
therefore compressing time in his film The Great Train Robbery.
Lev Kuleshov
Kuleshov created the effect called the Kuleshov
effect in the 1910s and the 1920s. The Kuleshov
effect is a montage effect between the interaction of
two subjects instead of one single shoot of the
subject therefor giving the audience more meaning
from the interaction. In Kuleshov effect cuts between
the characters same face
motion to shots of different subjects and then back
to the characters face. For example, Hitchcock is
squinting, and it cuts to a woman with a baby and
returns to the screen of Hitchcock, the audience
would think he was a kind man. But if the woman
and baby were changed to a shoot of a woman in a
bikini, Hitchcock would be viewed has a dirty man.
Kuleshov effect part 1 is the meaning of the shoot and the subject and
Kuleshov effect part 2 is the Continuity editing, Elliptical editing and parallel
editing.
Continuity and Match
The 180* rule is making a certain position
in the frame consistent by keep the
eyelines constant across from each of the
characters. To break this rule, you must
show the moving camera or the character
moving across camera. For the eyeline match the first shot shows the
character looking offscreen and the second shot shows us what character is
looking at. A shot reverse shot is the alternate between two shots of a
subjects for example, taking between people. A match on action shot is two
shot that has a matching action for example, an opening of a door then the
next shot switches to the character walking through the door.
Common Cuts and Transitions
The straight cut is a single cut from one
shot to another shot. The smash cut is a
sudden cut that comes at an unexpected
time to shock the audience. Match Cuts
are two different shots that are visually
similar. A Wipe is a transitioning shot that can take place anywhere on the
screen or in any shape and wipes across the screen. A film that is well known
for this is Star Wars.