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Students at Work Math Tutoring Center

Tomas Saco St. cor. Jupiter St.


Macasandig, Cagayan de Oro City MATHEMATICS
Contact Number : 0908-934-7327
sawmtc2007@gmail.com

Lesson: LINEAR EQUATIONS


A. Properties of Equality : for any real number a, b, and c.

1. Reflexive (RPE)  a=a 2. Symmetric (SyPE)  If a=b , then b=a


3. Transitive (TPE)  If a=b and b=c , then a=c 4. Addition (APE)  If a=b , then a+ c=b+ c
5. Multiplication (MPE)  If a=b , then ac=bc 6. Substitution (SPE)  If a=b , then a may replace b or vice
versa in any statement

B. Linear Equations

1. A linear equation is represented by its general form ax +b=0 , where a and b are real numbers, a ≠ 0. EX: 5 x−4=6
2. The value of the variable that makes the equation true is a solution to the equation.

Ex: 5x – 4 = 6  5x = 10  x = 2 ∴ SS = { 2 } or the solution set is 2

3. Types of Linear Equations:

(a) Conditional  linear equation with one solution only Ex: 5x – 4 = 6 SS: { 2 }

(b) Identity  linear equation with infinite solution Ex: 2x – 3 = 2 (x – 1) – 1  0=0 SS: {  }

(c) Contradiction  linear equation with no solution Ex: 3(x + 2) – 9 = 5x – (2x +1)  3 = −¿1 SS: ∅

4. System of linear equations: the set of two or more linear equations involving the same variables.

Ex: {2x+x−y=3
y=6
SS: { (3, 0) } ∴ the solution set is a point in the x-y-plane, as it is the intersection of the two lines

3 x − y+ z=−1
Ex:
{ 2 x +3 y + z=4
5 x + 4 y +2 z =5
SS: { (−¿1, 1,3) } ∴ the solution set is a point in the x-y-z-plane, as it is the intersection of the three lines

5. Types of 2x2 systems of linear equations and the nature of their solutions.

Line-Relationship Type of System Number of Solution

1 point of
intersecting consistent and intersection
independent

parallel inconsistent and no solution


independent

coincident consistent and infinitely many


dependent

6. Methods of solving systems of linear equations.


(a) Graphing  use a table of values or intercepts and plot the points on the graph to find any solution for the system. The most tedious
method.

Students at Work Math Tutoring Center


Tomas Saco St. cor. Jupiter St.
Macasandig, Cagayan de Oro City MATHEMATICS
Contact Number : 0908-934-7327
sawmtc2007@gmail.com

Lesson: LINEAR EQUATIONS


(b) Substitution Method  solve for x or y in one of the equations and substitute it in the other equation.

Ex: {5 x3−4x + y=5


y =−3
sol: eq1: 3 x+ y=5  y=5−3 x
∴ 5 x−4 ( 5−3 x )=−3  substituting the y in eq2
5 x+ 12 x=−3+ 20
17 x=17  x=1  ∴ the system is consistent and independent
∴ y=5−3 ( 1 )  y=2  the system has one solution : { (1, 2) } 

(c) Elimination Method  choose which variable to eliminate and make the coefficients of the variable additive inverses.

4 x +5 y=18 ( 4 x +5 y=18 ) ×3 12 x+15 y =54


Ex: {3 x +2 y =10
sol: eliminate x {( 3 x +2 y=10 ) ×−4
 {
−12 x−8 y=−40
 add the system

∴ 12 x+15 y=54
+−12 x−8 y=−40
∴ 0+7 y =14
y=2  ∴ the system is consistent and independent
∴ 3 x+ 2 ( 2 ) =10 the system has one solution : { (2, 2) } 
x=2 
PRACTICE EXERCISES

A. Solve each equation and identify whether it is conditional, identity or contradiction.

(1) 4 x−2=5 ( x +1 )−3 (2) 3 x−( x−3 ) =2(x+ 1) (3) 3 x+ 2=5 x−2( x−1)

B. Identify the property used.

(1) Given : x +5=3 x +1 (2) If 3 x=a and a=6 , ∴ 3 x=¿ _______ _________________
x−3 x=1−5 __________________
−2 x=−4 __________________ (3) if h+ 4=k , then _______¿ h+ 4 _________________
x=2 __________________

C. Solve each system of linear equation according to the method, and state its type and solution.

(1) by substitution (2) by elimination

{−3y−x=3
x+3 y =4 {−7−2x+x +68 y=−5
y =6
2 x−4 y + z=10
D. Solve the 3x3 system:
{ x+ 2 y −z=1
−x−3 y +2 z =0

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