AIM: What are rate laws?

(3/3)
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DO NOW:
Why would kinetics be important in an hospital setting?

• Take out wksht 10.1

Announcements
• Read ch.17

• AIS Tutoring: Thursdays rm 902 (3:40 to 4:40)

Pick up worksheet 10-1; will go over
part 1 and 2 together.

- Multiple choice is classwork with

partner
- Rest is hw
• Rate Law: describes how the rate of reaction varies
with the concentrations of various species, usually
reactants, in the system.
• Rate laws must be determined experimentally!
• Why?
Ex) X + Y → Z
• rate = k [X]a [Y]b
• k = rate constant (different for each reaction)
• [X], [Y] = concentrations of X and Y (in molar)
• a and b = order of reaction according to that reactant
 Ex 1) What is the generic rate law for the reaction:
F2(g)+ 2ClO(g) → 2FClO2(g)
• 1) What are the values of a and b?
• 2) What is the value of k?

If you change the Example Order

concentration and
Nothing happens to the Concentration 2x, rate 0
rate remains the same
The rate changes by the Concentration 2x, rate 1
same amount increases by 2x
The rate changes by x2 Concentration 3x, rate 2
increases by 9x
 • What are the values of a and b?
If you change the Example Order
concentration and
Nothing happens to Concentration 2x, rate 0
the rate remains the same
The rate changes by Concentration 2x, rate 1
the same amount increases by 2x
The rate changes by x2 Concentration 3x, rate 2
increases by 9x

• rate = k [F2]a [ClO]b

• a = 1 and b = 1; overall order = 1 + 1 = 2
• rate = k [F2] [ClO]
What is the value of k?
• rate = k [F2] [ClO]
• 0.0012 = k [0.10] [0.010]
• k = 1.2 M-1 s-1
• What would the rate be if [F2] = 0.30 M,
[ClO] = 0.030 M?
• What would the rate be if [F2] = 0.30 M,
[ClO] = 0.030 M?

• rate = k [F2] [ClO]

• Rate = 1.2 [0.30] [0.030]
• Rate = 0.0108 M/s
• Ex 2) What is the rate law for 2NO + Cl2 → 2NOCl?
What is the overall order of the reaction?

• rate = k [NO]a [Cl2]b

 Rate Laws and Reaction Mechanisms
If a reaction proceeds in a sequence of steps, the rate law
is determined from the slowest step. The coefficients of
the slowest step become the exponents in the rate law.
Overall : NO2(g) + CO(g) = NO(g) + CO2(g)

Step 1: 2NO2(g) = NO3(g) + NO(g) slow

Step 2: NO3(g) + CO(g) = NO2(g) + CO2(g) fast

Rate law Rate=k[NO2]2

(based on the slow step)
Rate law practice con’t
• What is the rate law and “k” value? Overall reaction
order?