Ch.

1 Symmetry and Surface Area – Review Notes

Objectives: - to find lines of symmetry in 2-D shapes and images
- to use lines of symmetry to create designs
- to determine if 2-D shapes and designs have rotation
symmetry
- to rotate a shape about a vertex and draw the resulting image
- to create a design with line and rotation symmetry
- to use symmetry to help find the surface area of composite
3-D objects

Vocabulary: symmetry – balance, created by reflection or rotation

line of symmetry – a line that divides a figure into two mirror images
line symmetry – when two identical mirror images are divided by a line
of symmetry
centre of rotation – the point about which an object turns during rotation
rotation symmetry – when a shape turns about a center of rotation to fit
onto itself more than once in a complete turn
order of rotation – the number of times a shape fits onto itself in one
complete turn
angle of rotation – the size of the angle needed to turn a shape onto
itself
horizontal – a line moving across a page
vertical – a line running up and down a page
oblique – a diagonal line
surface area – the sum of all the areas of all the faces of a 3-D object
 Ch. 2 Rational Numbers – Review Notes
Objectives: - to compare and order rational numbers
- to solve problems involving operations on rational numbers
- to determine the square root of a perfect square rational
number
- to determine the approximate square root of a non-perfect
square rational number

Vocabulary: rational number – a number that can be written as a fraction, with the
denominator not equal to zero (eg. -4, 3.5, ½)
perfect square – a number that is the product of two identical factors
(eg. 16 = 4 times 4)
non-perfect square – a number that cannot be expressed as the product
of two equal factors
improper fraction – a number where the numerator is larger than the
denominator
mixed number – consists of a whole number and a fraction
integer – a positive or negative whole number
ascending – ordering numbers from least to greatest
descending – ordering numbers from greatest to least
sum – the answer to an addition problem
difference – the answer to a subtraction problem
product – the answer to a multiplication problem
quotient – the answer to a division problem
reciprocal – a term that refers to -3/8 and -8/3
equivalent fraction – a term that refers to 4/10 and 6/15 (reduce to the
same fraction, 2/5)
area – the number of square units contained in a 2-dimensional region
perimeter – the distance around a figure
 Ch. 3 Powers and Exponents – Review Notes
Objectives: - to use powers to represent repeated multiplication
- to solve problems involving powers

Vocabulary: power – an expression made up of a base and an exponent

exponent – the number of times you multiply the base in a power
base – the number you multiply by itself in a power
coefficient – the number in front of a variable
exponential form – a shorter way of writing repeated multiplication (25)
expanded form – repeated multiplication ( 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 )
standard form – the value of a power (25 = 32)
 Ch. 4 Scale Factors and Similarity – Review Notes
Objectives: - to draw enlargements and reductions to scale
- to identify scale diagrams and interpret the scale factor
- to determine the scale factor from scale diagrams
- to determine similar triangles and similar polygons
- to solve problems using the properties of similar triangles and
similar polygons

Vocabulary: enlargement – an increase in the dimensions of an object by a constant

factor
reduction – a decrease in the dimensions of an object by a constant
factor
scale – a comparison between the actual size of an object and the size of
its diagram
scale factor – the constant factor by which all dimensions of an object
are enlarged or reduced
scale diagram – an enlargement or reduction of an actual object
proportion – a situation where all ratios are equal
corresponding angles – vertices with the same relative position in
geometric figures
corresponding sides – line segments with the same relative position in
geometric figures
similar – refers to the same shape, but different sizes
polygon – a 2-dimesional closed figure made of three or more line
segments
 Chapters 1-4 Review
Chapter 1 Symmetry and Surface Area
1. Sketch each shape showing its line(s) of
symmetry. Describe the lines of symmetry
and the type of symmetry each shape has.
a) b)
5. Reproduce the triangle on a coordinate grid.
a) Complete a diagram that has rotation
symmetry of order 4 about the origin.
• Label the vertices on the original
triangle.
• Show the coordinates of their images
after each rotation.
y

2. Describe two ways

you could complete the 4
drawing if the dashed
line represents a line of 2
symmetry. Complete the
drawing.
0 2 4 6 x

b) Start again, this time using line

symmetry to make a new diagram.
3. Create a design within a circle that shows Use the y-axis and then the x-axis as
both line and rotation symmetry. lines of symmetry.
a) How many lines of symmetry are in your
6. Four cubes, each with side lengths of 25 cm,
design? Describe them.
are joined as shown.
b) What is the order of rotation in your
design?
c) Give the angle of rotation in both degrees
and fractions of a revolution.

4. Draw a diagram of a square cake and a a) Find the surface area of the solid that
round cake. Select any dimensions you like is formed.
as long as the side of the square cake is the
b) If the four cubes are rearranged as
same length as the diameter of the round
cake. shown, how does the surface area
change?
a) Find the surface area of each cake. Use all
sides except the bottom.
b) Cut each cake into four equal pieces. If
the pieces of cake are separated from
each other, by what percent does the
surface area of each cake increase? Again,
do not consider the bottom.

166 MHR • Chapter 4

Chapter 2 Rational Numbers 12. Mary is sewing a square quilt. If the area of
7. Write the following rational numbers in her quilt is 2.89 m2, what is its perimeter?
ascending order.
__
0.6 -0.9 -__ 4 2.7 -2__ 3 -__2
5 4 3
8. Identify a fraction between -6.3 and -6.4.

9. Estimate, then calculate.

a) -2.52 + 1.84
b) -2.4 × (-1.5)
c) -4.37 ÷ (-0.95)
d) 0.76 + (-1.83)
e) 8.48 - 10.51
f) -5.3(4.2)
g) -2.31 - (-5.72)
h) -5.5 ÷ (-5.5)

10. Estimate, then calculate.

Chapter 3 Powers and Exponents
1
a) 1___ - -1___
10 (1
10 ) 13. Write 42 × (43)5 as a single power.

b) 3__
5 (
3 ÷ -3__ 3
8 ) 14. Evaluate the expression
1
1 - ___ (-6)0 + 23 ÷ (7 - 5)2.
c) -1__
2 12
(-4) (-4)
2 10

d) -__
6 ( )
1 + -__1
8
15. Write ___________
(-4)3
as a single power and
then evaluate.
e)
1 × -__
___
10 ( )
3
7
2 ÷ __ 4 16. Write (3 × 7)4 as repeated multiplication
f) __
3 5 without any exponents and as a product
5
1 + 2__ of two powers.
g) -4__
2 9
17. A population of 50 bacteria doubles in
h) (
1
-2__ -2__
2
1
2 ) number every hour. The formula N = 50(2)t
determines the number, N, of bacteria that
11. Estimate and then calculate the side length
are present after t hours. How many
of each square from its area. If necessary, bacteria will there be after each number of
round your answer to the nearest hundredth hours?
of a unit. a) 5 h
a) 2.56 cm2 b) 9 h
b) 0.01 km2
c) 0.048 mm2
d) 1.02 km2

Chapters 1–4 Review • MHR 167

Chapter 4 Scale Factors and Similarity 22. Are any of the rectangles similar? Justify
18. Make an enlargement of the figure using a your answer.
scale factor of 3.
A

E
B

D
C

F
19. Determine the missing values.
1 !
a) ___ = ___ 23. a) Identify the different types of polygons
3.5 42
shown in the tessellation.
1 2.7
b) __ = ______
! 49.95
1 4.6
c) _____ = ___
0.09 !

20. Determine the missing length.

2.9
A C
x
1.9
D E

1.9

21. Use the scale to calculate the actual flying

distance from Calgary to Regina. Express b) Identify any similar polygons. Describe
your answer to the nearest kilometre. the pattern verbally.
c) Create your own tessellation that
Calgary features similar polygons.

Regina

Scale: 1 cm represents 154 km

168 MHR • Chapter 4