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Smoke detector & fire Alarm system project Report
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Smoke Detector & Fire Alarm System IntroductionFire Alarm Circuits and Smoke Sensors are a part
of the security systems which help in detecting or
preventing damage. Installing Fire Alarm Systems
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and Smoke Sensors in commercial buildings like offices, movie theatres, shopping malls and other
public places is compulsory. Types Of Smoke Detector Optical or Photoelectric smoke detectors.
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Ionization smoke detectors Optical smoke detectors consists of a light source like LED and a light
detector like photocell. The photocell conducts as long as the light falls on it. When there is smoke,
the light from the source is interrupted and the photocell doesn’t conduct. Ionization smoke
detectors consists of two electrodes and an ionization chamber filled with ions. When there is no
smoke, the ions move freely and the electrodes conduct normally. In the presence of smoke, the
chamber is filled with smoke and interrupts the movement of ion. The sensor used in this project is
MQ-2 Gas/Smoke sensor. It is sensitive to LPG, Hydrogen, Smoke, Methane, Butane and other
industrial combustible gases. Components RequiredSmoke Detector MQ-2 Sensor LM358 Dual
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op-amp 10KΩ Resistor 330Ω Resistor LED 0.1µF Capacitor 10KΩ Potentiometer Battery
(5V-9V)

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Fire Alarm IR receiver Buzzer Battery(5V-9V) Battery clip Circuit DiagramSmoke Detector:- Fire
Alarm:-

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Working of Smoke DetectorIn this project, we implemented a simple Smoke Detector Circuit with
adjustable sensitivity.We used a Smoke SensorPage-2
MQ-2 as the main sensory device. The working of
the circuit is simple and is explained below. LM358 acts as a comparator in this circuit. The inverting
terminal of LM358 is connected to POT so that the sensitivity of the circuit can be adjusted.The
output of LM358 is given to an LED as an indicator although a buzzer can be used as an alarm. The
non-inverting terminal of LM358 is connected with output of smoke sensor. Initially, when the air is
clean, the conductivity between the electrodes is less, as the resistance is in the order of 50KΩ. The
inverting terminal input of comparator is higher than the non-inverting terminal input. The indicator
LED is OFF. In the event of fire, when the sensor is filled with smoke, the resistance of the sensor
falls to 5KΩ and the conductivity between the electrodes increases.This provides a higher input at
the non-inverting terminal of comparator than the inverting terminal and the output of comparator is
high. The alarming LED is turned ON as an indication of presence of smoke. Working of Fire AlarmIn
this project, we implemented a simple fire alarm using IR LED as main sensory device.It is connected

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in series with battery and buzzer.when fire detected by IR LED ,the buzzer sound. Applications
Shopping malls Banks Movie threaters Office Laboratory
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SMOKE DETECTOR & FIRE ALARM SYSTEM Presented BySHIVAM BHARTI RICHA TRIPATHI AMBA
SAURAV KUMAR B.Tech –Electrical Engg 3rd year

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