MS1837 2010 Full PDF

MALAYSIAN MS 1837:2010
STANDARD
Licensed to UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UNIMAP) / Downloaded on : 21-Feb-2014 12:34:02 PM / Single user license only, copying and networking prohibited
INSTALLATION OF GRID-CONNECTED
PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM
(FIRST REVISION)
ICS: 27.160
Descriptors: solar energy engineering, grid-connected PV system
© Copyright 2010
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS
The Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA) is the national

standards and accreditation body of Malaysia.
The main function of STANDARDS MALAYSIA is to foster and promote standards,

standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy,
promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health and safety of
the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and
furthering international cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation.
Malaysian Standards (MS) are developed through consensus by committees which

comprise balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others with
relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject at hand. To the greatest
extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of international
standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the
Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 [Act 549]. Malaysian Standards are reviewed
periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are
made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by-laws or
any other similar ways.
STANDARDS MALAYSIA has appointed SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop,

distribute and sell the Malaysian Standards.
For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:
Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Company No. 367474 - V)
Level 1 & 2, Block 2300, Century Square 1, Persiaran Dato’ Menteri
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Selangor Darul Ehsan Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA MALAYSIA
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http://www.standardsmalaysia.gov.my http://www.sirim.my
E-mail: central@standardsmalaysia.gov.my E-mail: msonline@sirim.my

MS 1837:2010
CONTENTS
Page
Committee representation ......................................................................................................... iii

Foreword ................................................................................................................................iv
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................... 2
4 General requirements ...................................................................................................... 7
5 Protection requirements................................................................................................... 7
6 Wiring requirements ....................................................................................................... 15
7 Component requirements .............................................................................................. 17
8 Earthing.......................................................................................................................... 20
9 Marking requirements .................................................................................................... 20
10 Documentation ............................................................................................................... 22
11 Commissioning............................................................................................................... 22
Table 1 Current rating of PV array circuits ........................................................................ 17
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a grid-connected PV system (single phase)……………..…9
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a grid-connected PV system (three phase)…….........…...10
Figure 3 PV string wiring with minimum loop area ............................................................. 15
Figure B1 Example of sign required on PV array connection box (9.2) ............................... 26
Figure B2 Example of sign required adjacent to PV array main switch (9.3.2) .................... 26
Figure B3 Example of sign required adjacent to inverter main switch (9.3.3) ...................... 26
Figure B4 Example of fire emergency information sign required on the main

switchboard (9.4.1) ............................................................................................... 27
Figure B5 Example of shutdown procedure (9.5) ................................................................. 28
© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved i

MS 1837:2010
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
Annex A Characteristics of PV arrays................................................................................. 24

Annex B Examples of signs ................................................................................................ 26
Annex C Maintenance requirements................................................................................... 29
Annex D Changes between MS1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision) ................. 31
ii © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

MS 1837:2010
Committee representation
The Industry Standards Committee on Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Energy (ISC E) under whose
authority this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Department of Standards Malaysia
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Malaysian Association of Standards Users

Malaysian Cable Manufacturers Association
Malaysian Electrical Appliances and Distribution Association
Malaysian Green Technology Corporation
Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Persatuan Kontraktor Elektrikal dan Mekanikal Melayu Malaysia
Persatuan Penjana Kuasa Bebas
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia
Suruhanjaya Tenaga
Tenaga Nasional Berhad
The Electrical and Electronics Association of Malaysia
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
The Technical Committee on Renewable Energies which supervised the development of this Malaysian Standard
consists of representatives from the following organisations:
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Bank Pembangunan Malaysia Berhad
Core Competencies Sdn Bhd
Department of Environment
Felda Palm Industries Sdn Bhd
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Malaysian Photovoltaic Industry Association
Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
National Solid Waste Management Department
Sarawak Energy Berhad
SIRIM Berhad (Renewable Energy Research Centre)
Suruhanjaya Tenaga
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (Distribution Division)
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
TNB Research Sdn Bhd
Universiti Tenaga Nasional
The Working Group on Solar Photovoltaic Systems which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of
representatives from the following organisations:
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

Malaysian Photovoltaic Industry Association
Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
Optimal Power Solutions Sdn Bhd
Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd
Sarawak Energy Berhad
SIRIM Berhad (Renewable Energy Research Centre)
Suruhanjaya Tenaga
The Electrical and Electronics Association of Malaysia
TNB Energy Services Sdn Bhd
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Universiti Malaya
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi MARA
© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved iii

MS 1837:2010
FOREWORD
This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group on Solar Photovoltaic
Systems under the authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Generation,
Transmission and Distribution of Energy.
This Malaysian Standard is the first revision of MS 1837, Installation of grid-connected

photovoltaic (PV) system.
Major modifications in this revision are as follows:
a) incorporation of new clauses on “Terms and definitions”;
b) incorporation of new figures on “General requirements” in Clause 4;
c) incorporation of new requirements on “Over-voltage protection” in 5.8;
d) incorporation of new requirement on “PV array and PV sub-array connection boxes” in

7.3;
e) incorporation of new requirement on “Fuses” in 7.5; and
f) incorporation of Annex D on “Changes between MS 1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First

revision)”.
This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 1837:2005.
Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.
iv © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

MS 1837:2010
INSTALLATION OF GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM

(FIRST REVISION)
1 Scope
This Malaysian Standard sets out the general installation requirements for grid-connected
photovoltaic (PV) arrays with direct current (DC) open circuit voltages up to 1 000 V between
positive and negative conductors or up to ± 1 000 V with respect to earth.
NOTES:
1. This includes the following PV array configurations:
a) single string of modules;
b) multi-string PV array; and
c) PV array divided into several sub-arrays.
2. DC systems and photovoltaic systems in particular, pose some hazards in addition to those derived from
conventional alternate current (AC) power systems, including the ability to produce and sustain electrical arcs with
currents that are not much greater than normal operating currents. This standard addresses the safety requirements
arising from the particular characteristics of photovoltaic systems. Those characteristics are presented in Annex A.
The objective of this standard is to provide guidelines on grid-connected PV system

installation, electrical safety and fire protection requirements for:
a) uninformed persons, including owner(s)/occupier(s) and users of the premises where

photovoltaic arrays are installed;
b) informed PV service providers and workers (e.g. electricians) working on these systems;
and
c) emergency workers.
2 Normative references
The following normative references are indispensable for the application of this standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the normative reference (including any amendments) applies.
MS 589, Specification for 13 A plugs, socket-outlets, adaptors and connection units
MS 981, Specification for safety signs and colours: Colour and design
MS 982, Specification for fire safety signs, notices and graphic symbols
MS 1992, Electronic equipment for use in power installations
MS IEC 60364, Electrical installation of buildings
MS IEC 60364-7-712, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712: Requirements for

special installations or locations - Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems
MS IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved 1
MS 1837:2010
MS IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Limits for harmonic current

emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
MS IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards -

Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
MS IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards -

Emission standard for industrial environments
MS IEC 61215, Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification
and type approval
MS IEC 61643-1, Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 1: Surge protective devices
connected to low-voltage power distribution systems - Requirements and tests
MS IEC 61643-12, Low voltage surge protective devices - Part 12: Surge protective devices
connected to low voltage power distribution systems - Selection and application principles
MS IEC 61646, Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type
approval
MS IEC 61727, Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Characteristics of the utility interface
MS IEC 61730-1, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 1: Requirements for
construction
MS IEC 61730-2, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 2: Requirements for
testing
MS IEC 62305-1, Protection against lightning - Part 1: General principles
IEEE 1547, Standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems
IEEE 1547.1, Standard for conformance tests procedures for equipment interconnectivity
distributed resources with electric power systems
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.
3.1 accessible, readily
Capable of being reached quickly and without climbing over or removing obstructions,
mounting upon a chair, or using a movable ladder, and in any case not more than 2.0 m
above the ground, floor or platform.
3.2 available, readily
Capable of being reached for inspection, maintenance or repairs without necessitating the
dismantling of structural parts, cupboards, benches or the like.
2 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

MS 1837:2010
3.3 AC side
Part of the PV system from the AC terminals of the inverter until the grid connection to the
mains.
3.4 by-pass diode
A diode that is connected in parallel with a number of PV cells or the whole PV module.
3.5 cable
A single cable core, or two or more cable cores laid up together, either with or without fillings,
reinforcements, or protective coverings.
3.6 cable, shielded
A cable with surrounding earthed metallic layer to confine the electric field within the cable
and/or to protect the cable from external electrical influence.
NOTE. Metallic sheaths, armours and earthed concentric conductors may also serve as shields.
3.7 cable core
The conductor with its insulation but not including any mechanical protective covering.
3.8 Class II equipment
Equipment in which protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only,
but in which additional safety precautions such as double insulation or reinforced insulation
are provided, there being no provision for protective earthing or reliance upon installation
conditions. Such equipment may be one of the following types:
a) Equipment having durable and substantially continuous enclosures of insulating material

which envelops all metal parts, with the exception of small parts, such as nameplates,
screw and rivets, which are isolated from live parts by insulation at least equivalent to
reinforced insulation; such equipment is called insulation-encased Class II equipment.
b) Equipment having a substantially continuous metal enclosure, in which double insulation

is used throughout, except for those parts where reinforced insulation is used, because
the application of double insulation is manifestly impracticable; such equipment is called
metal-encased Class II equipment.
c) Equipment that is a combination of the types described in 3.8 a) and 3.8 b).
NOTES:
1. The enclosure of insulation-encased Class II equipment may form part of the whole of the supplementary
insulation or of the reinforced insulation.
2. If the equipment with double insulation or reinforced insulation throughout has an earthing terminal or earthing
contact, it is considered to be of Class I construction.
3. Class II equipment may be provided with means for maintaining the continuity of protective circuits, insulated
from accessible conductive parts by double insulation or reinforced insulation.
4. Class II equipment may have parts operating at SELV (separated extra low voltage).

MS 1837:2010
3.9 connection box
An enclosure where cables are joined and/or connected to electrical equipment and/or
protective devices.
3.10 DC side
Part of the PV system from the PV cell to the DC terminals of the inverter.
3.11 installation earthing
When a PV array is installed on a building, the installation earthing is the earthing bar or
earthing rod of the building.
3.12 inverter
A system that converts the electrical power delivered by the PV array into the appropriate
frequency and/or voltage to be delivered to the load, and/or injected into the electricity grid.
3.13 ISC STC MOD
The short circuit current of a PV module or PV string at standard test conditions (STC), as
specified by the manufacturer on the product specification plate.
NOTE. As PV strings are a group of PV modules connected in series, the short circuit current of a string is equal to
ISC STC MOD.
3.14 ISC STC S-ARRAY
The short circuit current of a PV sub-array at STC, and is equal to:
ISC STC S-ARRAY = ISC STC MOD X NP SA
where NP SA is the number of parallel-connected PV strings in the PV sub-array.
3.15 ISC ARRAY
The short circuit current of the PV array at STC, and is equal to:
ISC STC ARRAY = ISC STC MOD x NP A
where NP A is the total number of parallel-connected PV strings in the PV array.
3.16 live part
A conductor or conductive part intended to be energised in normal use.
3.17 PARRAY STC
The nominal power of the PV array calculated as the sum of the nameplate power ratings of
all the PV modules that constitute the array.

MS 1837:2010
3.18 PVAC module
Combination of a PV module with an integrated DC/AC inverter, whereas the connection is

available on the AC side only. The DC cannot be accessed.
3.19 PV array
An electrically integrated assembly of PV modules, and other necessary components, to form

a DC power supply unit. A PV array may consist of a single PV string, or several parallel-
connected strings, or several parallel-connected PV sub-arrays and their associated electrical
components. The boundary of a PV array is the connection of the PV array cable to a piece of
equipment that forms part of the inverter and which is dedicated to that particular PV array.
Two or more PV arrays, which are not interconnected in parallel on the generation side of the
inverter, is to be considered as independent PV arrays.
3.20 PV array cable
The output cable of a PV array that connects the PV array connection box to the inverter.
3.21 PV array, isolated
A PV array where there is electrical separation between the PV array output circuit and the
AC system.
NOTE. Electrical separation of power circuits is usually achieved by means of a power transformer.
3.22 PV array connection box
An enclosure where all the PV strings of a PV array or all the PV sub-arrays of a PV array are
electrically connected in parallel and where protection devices may be located, if necessary.
3.23 PV array open circuit voltage
The PV array open circuit voltage is considered to be equal to VOC STC ARRAY (see 3.39).
NOTE. The open circuit voltage is dependent on the cell temperature.
3.24 PV cell
The basic unit of photovoltaic conversion; a semiconductor device that can convert light
directly into electrical energy.
3.25 PV kWh meter
A kWh meter which records kWh units of AC electricity generated by a PV system.
3.26 PV module
An assembly of several PV cells electrically connected to form a larger photovoltaic

conversion device, and which are encapsulated together to protect them from the
environment. A PV module is the smallest ready-to-use photovoltaic conversion device.
3.27 PV module connection box
An enclosure affixed to a PV module, where the electrical connections to the PV module are
made.
MS 1837:2010
3.28 PV string
A circuit formed by one or more series connected PV modules. The series connection of PV
modules to form a PV string is intended to provide the required circuit voltage.
3.29 PV string cable
A cable connecting the modules in a PV string, or connecting the string to a junction box or to
the DC terminals of the inverter.
3.30 PV sub-array
A group of PV strings connected in parallel, that comprise a partial section of the PV array,
where the output current of that group of strings is carried by a dedicated output cable before
being connected in parallel with other sub-arrays.
NOTE. Not all PV arrays are divided into sub-arrays.
3.31 PV sub-array cable
The output cable of a PV sub-array that carries only the output current of its associated sub-
array in normal operation, and that connects the PV sub-array with the other PV sub-array
that constitute the PV array.
NOTE. PV sub-array cables are only relevant for PV arrays that are divided into sub-arrays.
3.32 PV sub-array connection box
An enclosure where all the PV strings of a PV are electrically connected in parallel and where
protection devices may be located if necessary.
NOTE. PV sub-array junction boxes are only relevant for PV arrays that are divided into sub-arrays.
3.33 PV system
An electrically integrated assembly of PV array, inverter (or power conditioning unit) and other
necessary components to form a power generation unit.
3.34 ripple-free DC
For sinusoidal ripple voltage, a ripple content not exceeding 10 % r.m.s.
NOTE. Therefore the maximum peak value does not exceed 140 V for a nominal 120 V ripple-free DC system and
70 V for a nominal 60 V ripple-free DC system.
3.35 SELV (separated extra-low voltage)
An extra-low voltage system which is electrically separated from earth, and from other
systems, in such a way that a single fault cannot give rise to the risk of electric shock.
3.36 SPD (surge protective device)
A device that is intended to limit transient over-voltages and divert surge currents. It contains
at least one non-linear component.

MS 1837:2010
3.37 STC (standard test conditions)
A standard set of reference conditions used for the testing and rating of photovoltaic cells and
modules. The standard test conditions are:
a) PV cell temperature of 25 °C;

2
b) irradiance in the plane of the PV cell or module of 1 000 W/m ; and
c) light spectrum corresponding to an atmospheric air mass of 1.5.
3.38 VOC STC MOD
The open circuit voltage of a PV module at STC, as specified by the manufacturer in the
product specification.
3.39 VOC STC ARRAY
The open circuit voltage at STC of a PV array, and is equal to:
VOC STC ARRAY = VOC STC MOD x Ns
where Ns is the number of series-connected PV modules in any PV string of the PV array.

NOTE. This standard assumes that all strings within a PV array are connected in parallel; hence the open circuit
voltage of PV sub-arrays and PV strings is equal to VOC STC ARRAY.
3.40 voltage
Differences of potential normally existing between conductors and between conductors and
earth are as follows:
a) extra-low voltage (ELV) - Not exceeding 50 V AC or 120 V ripple-free DC; and
b) low voltage (LV) - Exceeding extra-low voltage, but not exceeding 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V
DC.
NOTE. When calculating the voltage of a PV array, VOC STC ARRAY is to be used.
4 General requirements
The installation of a grid-connected PV system shall be in accordance with Figure 1 and
Figure 2. These figures shall be extensively referred to throughout this standard.
5 Protection requirements
5.1 General
The installation of grid-connected PV systems shall comply with the requirements of MS IEC
60364 or MS IEC 60364-7-712. The provisions of this section are aimed at ensuring that
these requirements are met, taking into account a range of system topologies and earthing
arrangements.
MS 1837:2010
5.2 By-pass diodes
By-pass diodes shall be used in the PV modules. If by-pass diodes are not embedded in the
PV module encapsulation, they shall comply with all the following requirements:
a) have a voltage rating at least 2 x VOC STC MOD of the protected module;
b) have a current rating of at least 1.3 x ISC STC MOD;

c) be installed according to the module manufacturer’s recommendations;
d) be installed so no live parts are exposed; and
e) be protected from degradation due to environmental factors.

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9 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 – All rights reserved
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a grid-connected PV system (single-phase)
MS 1837:2010
© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 – All rights reserved 10
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a grid-connected PV system (three-phase)
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837:2010
5.3 Over-current protection
5.3.1 Discrimination
Over-current protection within the PV string shall be graded in such a way that lower level
protection trips first in the event of fault currents flowing from higher current sections to lower
current sections of the PV array.
NOTE. When circuit breakers with over-current protection elements are used, they also provide the disconnecting
means required in 5.4.
5.3.2 PV strings
In cases where it applies (see Figure 1 and 2), all PV strings shall be protected with an over-
current protection device with load breaking disconnecting facilities. These over-current
protection devices shall be installed in positive active conductors. Suitably rated circuit-
breakers used for over-current protection may also provide load breaking disconnecting
facilities (see 5.4).
The rated trip current (ITRIP) of over-current protection devices for PV strings shall be as
specified by the PV module manufacturer or, ITRIP shall be determined by the following
formula:
1.5 x ISC STC MOD ≤ ITRIP ≤ 2 x ISC STC MOD
5.3.3 PV array and PV sub-arrays
Over-current protection device is not required for PV array and PV sub-arrays.
5.4 Disconnecting means
5.4.1 General
Disconnecting means shall be provided in PV arrays according to 5.4.2, to isolate the PV

array from the inverter and vice versa and to allow for maintenance and inspection tasks to be
carried out safely.
NOTE. This clause does not apply to module inverters where the inverter is an integral part of the PV module.
5.4.2 Selection and installation
Only device with DC rating which is able to extinguish electrical arc shall be used.
Suitably rated circuit-breakers used for over-current protection may also provide load
breaking disconnecting facilities.
Other disconnection and isolation devices having the characteristics described in 7.4 may be
used as a disconnection means.
Fuse systems used for string over-current protection are acceptable non-load breaking
disconnecting means if they have removable fusing elements, preferably with a disconnection
mechanism (fuse-combination unit).

MS 1837:2010
5.4.2.1 PV strings and PV sub-arrays
No separate disconnection device is required if suitably rated circuit breakers are used for the
over-current protection which also provides load breaking disconnecting facilities.
5.4.2.2 PV array
A readily available load-breaking disconnection device, which interrupts both positive and
negative conductors, shall be installed in the PV array cable. This device shall be lockable in
the off position.
5.4.2.3 Inverter
A suitably AC rated and readily available load-breaking disconnection device, which interrupts
both positive and negative conductors, shall be installed in the cable connected to the inverter
AC terminal. This device shall be lockable in the off position.
5.5 Emergency switching device
The PV array (DC) load-breaking disconnection device and the inverter (AC) load-breaking
disconnection device shall be used as the emergency switching devices, and therefore shall
be readily accessible and be clearly identified according to 9.4.2.
The emergency switching device shall comply with the requirements for devices for
emergency switching including emergency stopping as contained in MS IEC 60364 or MS IEC
60364-7-712.
If the emergency switching device is manually operated, the remote operating device shall be
located in a readily accessible point and be identified in accordance with 9.4.2.
5.6 Earth fault protection
All metal casings and frames shall be earthed according to MS IEC 60364 or MS IEC 60364-
7-712.
5.7 Lightning protection
Lightning protection measures may be required in some PV installations. The need for
lightning protection shall be assessed in accordance with MS IEC 62305-1.
A lightning protection system has the task of preventing severe damage caused by fire or
mechanical destruction if a direct lightning strike occurs on a building or structure. Lightning
protection systems consist of three essential components:
a) an air termination system, consisting of metallic masts or rods of sufficient height to divert
lightning currents through their structure;
b) a down conductor of sufficient cross-sectional area to conduct lightning currents to earth;

and
c) an earth termination system.

MS 1837:2010
For ground mounted or freestanding PV arrays, the need for a lightning protection system
shall be assessed in accordance with MS IEC 62305-1, and if required, it shall be installed in
compliance with that standard.
The installation of a PV array on a building has a negligible effect on the probability of direct
lightning strikes and therefore it does not necessarily imply that a lightning protection system
shall be installed if none is already present. However, if the physical characteristics or
prominence of the building do change significantly due to the installation of the PV array, it is
required that the need for a lightning protection system be assessed in accordance with MS
IEC 62305-1, and if required, it shall be installed in compliance with that standard.
If a lightning protection system is already installed on the building, it shall be verified that the
PV array and associated equipment are within the protection zone of the system in
accordance with MS IEC 62305-1. If the PV array is not within the protection zone of the
existing lightning protection system, additional air termination(s) shall be provided in
accordance with MS IEC 62305-1.
When a PV array is protected by a lightning protection system, the metal structure of the PV
array shall be bonded to the lightning protection system, unless the minimum safety
clearances as specified in MS IEC 62305-1, can be achieved.
5.8 Over-voltage protection
Over-voltage protection measures include:
a) equipotential bonding;
b) avoidance of wiring loops;
c) installation of SPDs; and
d) shielding.
5.8.1 Wiring loops
To reduce the magnitude of lightning induced over-voltages, the PV array wiring shall be laid
in such a way that the area of conductive loops is minimum (see example in Figure 3).
5.8.2 Surge protective device (SPD)
5.8.2.1 General guide
SPDs are a very common method of protecting electrical systems and equipment against
over-voltages. When these devices are used, the recommendations of MS IEC 61643-12
shall be observed.
Many commercial PV inverters are fitted with SPDs on the PV input (DC) terminals, and this
shall be considered when specifying the over-voltage protection of the PV array.

MS 1837:2010
5.8.2.2 Selection
The selection of SPDs shall be in accordance to MS IEC 61643-12.
5.8.2.3 Usage and installation
The usage and installation of SPDs shall be in accordance to MS IEC 61643-12. The SPDs
on the DC side shall be installed closest possible to the inverter.
5.8.2.4 SPD specifications to protect PV array and inverter (DC terminal)
The specifications for SPDs to protect PV arrays and inverter (DC terminal) are as follows
(refer to list of parameters for SPDs selection in MS IEC 61643-12):
a) SPDs of Class II (in this context, Class II refers to the test specifications of SPDs rather
than insulation class).
b) Have a maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc) with Uc > VOC STC GEN.
c) Have a maximum discharge current (Imax) (8/20 μs) with Imax > 40 kA (or at least 20 kA).
d) Have a nominal discharge current (In) (8/20 μs) with In > 20 kA (or at least 10 kA).
e) Have a voltage protection level (Up) with 1.3 x VOC STC GEN < Up < 1.1 kV.
f) Have a voltage protection level at In (Up) with Up (L-PE) < 2.5 kV.
5.8.2.5 SPDs specifications to protect inverter (AC terminal)
The specifications for SPD to protect inverter (AC terminal) shall be suitably rated for AC use
and in accordance to MS IEC 61643-12 and in conjunction with MS IEC 61643-1.
5.8.3 Shielding
When the PV array frame is bonded to a lightning protection system, the PV array cable shall
be shielded by one of the following methods, and the shielding conductor shall be connected
to earth at both ends:
2
a) with a metallic cable armour or shield with an equivalent cross-sectional area of 10 mm
Cu; or
b) with a metallic conduit suitable as a bonding conductor; or

2
c) with an equipotential bonding conductor with a cross-sectional area of at least 6 mm .
NOTE. 6 mm2 Cu should be able to withstand 20 kA for 1 ms.

MS 1837:2010
6 Wiring requirements
6.1 Compliance with wiring standards
The wiring to the PV array shall comply with the requirements of MS IEC 60364 or MS IEC
60364-7-712.
NOTE. Particular attention needs to be given to the protection of wiring systems against external influences.
6.2 System voltage
VOC STC ARRAY shall not exceed the maximum allowed system voltage of the PV modules (as
specified by the manufacturer).
6.3 Wiring Installation
6.3.1 General
Wiring of PV arrays shall be laid in such a way that the possibility of line to line and line to
earth faults occurring is minimised.
All connections shall be verified for tightness and polarity during installation to reduce the risk
of faults and possible arcs occurring during commissioning and operation.
6.3.2 Wiring loops
The PV array wiring should be laid in such a way that the area of conductive loops is
minimised (e.g. by laying cables in parallel as shown in Figure 3); see also 5.8.1.
Figure 3. PV string wiring with minimum loop area

MS 1837:2010
6.3.3 String, sub-array and array wiring
The wiring of PV strings, sub-arrays and array shall satisfy the following requirements:
a) Double insulated, DC rated, UV resistant, flex type and fire retardant shall be used.
b) Cables shall be protected from mechanical damage.

c) Cables shall be clamped (to relieve tension and to prevent conductors coming free from
the connection).
6.3.4 Wiring installation in connection boxes
The following provisions apply to the installation of wiring systems in connection boxes:
a) Where conductors enter a connection box without conduit, a tension relief system shall be
used to avoid cable disconnections inside the connection box (for example by using a
gland connector).
b) All cable entries, when installed, shall maintain the IP rating of the enclosure.
NOTE. Water condensation inside connection boxes may be a problem in some locations and provision may
need to be provided to drain water build-up.
c) The wiring and its insulation particularly through the connection box including terminal
points shall maintain double insulation status over its entire length.
6.3.5 Location of PV array and PV sub-array connection boxes
PV array and PV sub-array connection boxes, where installed, shall be readily available.
6.4 Cable selection
6.4.1 Cable size
6.4.1.1 General
Cable sizes for PV string cables, PV sub-array cables and PV array cables shall not be less
2
than 2.5 mm and shall be determined with regard to both, the minimum current capacity (see
6.4.1.2) and maximum voltage drop requirements (see 6.4.1.3). The larger cable size
obtained from these two criteria shall be applied.
6.4.1.2 Current carrying capacity (CCC)
The minimum cable sizes for PV array wiring, based on CCC, shall be based upon a current
rating according to Table 1.

MS 1837:2010
Table 1. Current rating of PV array circuits
Type of cable Minimum current upon which cable cross-sectional

area should be chosen
PV string cable 2 x ISC STC MOD
PV sub-array and array 1.3 x ISC STC S-ARRAY or ARRAY (of relevant array)
cable
NOTE. The operating temperature of PV modules and consequently their associated wiring can be significantly
higher than the ambient temperature. A minimum temperature rise above maximum expected ambient temperature of
+40 °C should be considered for cables installed near or in contact with PV modules.
6.4.1.3 Voltage drop
The voltage drop between the PV array and the inverter shall be less than 5 %.
NOTE. Voltage drop in cables is a measure of the losses in PV array wiring and hence affects the efficiency of the
PV power system.
6.4.2 Insulation
The insulation of cables used within the PV array shall:
a) have a voltage rating of at least 1.2 x VOC STC ARRAY;
NOTE. The use of double insulated and shielded cable is required for wiring of PV arrays where VOC STC ARRAY ≥
120 V DC, to minimise the risk of faults within the wiring.
b) have a temperature rating according to the application; and
NOTE. PV modules frequently operate at temperatures of the order of 40 °C above ambient temperature. Cable
insulation of wiring installed in contact with, or near, PV modules needs to be rated accordingly.
c) be UV resistant, or be protected from UV light by appropriate protection (e.g. installed in

UV resistant conduit).
6.5 Wiring identification
Appropriate identification shall be provided for PV array cabling where it can be confused with
other wiring systems.
7 Component requirements
7.1 PV modules
7.1.1 Reliability
Crystalline silicon PV modules shall comply with MS IEC 61215. Thin film PV modules shall
comply with MS IEC 61646.
7.1.2 Equipment class
PV modules shall be Class II. PV modules shall comply with MS IEC 61730-1 and MS IEC
61730-2.
MS 1837:2010
7.1.3 Reverse current
PV modules shall be capable of conducting continuously a reverse current equal to 2.6 x ISC
MOD without damage.
7.2 Inverter requirements
Inverters shall comply with requirements in accordance to MS IEC 61000-3-2, MS IEC 61000-
6-3, MS IEC 61000-6-4, MS IEC 60364-7-712 and MS 1992 or IEEE 1547 and IEEE 1547.1
or other equivalent standard. Inverters shall be isolated in the event of mains supply failure.
7.3 PV array and PV sub-array connection boxes
7.3.1 Environmental effects
PV array and PV sub-array connection boxes exposed to the environment shall be at least IP
56 compliant in accordance with MS IEC 60529, and shall be UV resistant.
7.4 Switching devices
7.4.1 General
All switching devices shall comply with all the following requirements:
a) be rated for AC side as AC and be rated for DC side as DC use and able to extinguish
electrical arcs;
b) have a voltage rating greater than VOC STC ARRAY;
c) not have exposed metallic live parts in connected or disconnected state; and
d) interrupt all poles.
7.4.2 Current breaking devices
In addition to the requirements of 7.4.1, circuit breakers and any other load breaking
disconnection devices used for protection and/or disconnecting means shall comply with the
following requirements:
a) not be polarity sensitive (as fault currents in a PV array may flow in the opposite direction
of normal operating currents);
b) be rated to interrupt full load and prospective fault currents from the PV array and any
other connected power sources such as batteries, generators and the grid, if present; and
c) when over-current protection is incorporated, the trip current shall be rated according to
5.3.
7.4.3 Plugs, sockets and couplers
Plugs, sockets and couplers shall comply with all the following requirements:
a) be rated for AC side for AC use and be rated for DC side for DC use;

MS 1837:2010
b) have a voltage rating greater than VOC STC ARRAY;
c) be protected from contact with live parts in both the connected and disconnected state
(i.e. be shrouded);
d) have a current rating equal to, or greater than, the cable to which they are fitted;
e) require a deliberate force to disconnect;

f) have a temperature rating suitable for their installation location;
g) if multipolar, be polarised;
h) comply with Class II; and
i) if exposed to the environment, be rated for outdoor use, be UV resistant and be at least
IP 56 compliant.
Plugs and socket outlets normally used for connection to AC mains power as described in MS
589, shall not be used in PV arrays wiring.
7.5 Fuses
Fuses used in PV arrays shall comply with all the following requirements:
a) be rated for AC for AC use and be rated for DC for DC use;
b) have a voltage rating equal to, or greater than VOC STC ARRAY;
c) be rated to interrupt full load and prospective fault currents from the PV array and
connected power sources such as batteries, generators and the grid, if present; and
d) have a current rating of ≥ 1.5 and ≤ 2 time ISC STC String.
NOTE. When fuses are provided for over-current protection, the use of fused load break switch-disconnectors (fuse-
combination units) is recommended.
7.5.1 Fuse holders
Fuse holders shall comply with all the following requirements:
a) have a voltage rating equal to, or greater than VOC STC ARRAY;
b) have a current rating equal to, or greater than, the corresponding fuse; and
c) provide a degree of protection not less than IP 2X.
7.6 PV kWh meter
The PV kWh meter is used to record kWh units of AC generated electricity by a PV system.
The meter shall be connected between the AC breaker and the AC grid isolator main switch
(AC load breaking disconnection device).

MS 1837:2010
The PV kWh meter shall be suitable to record kWh units of AC electricity. The meter accuracy
shall be of Class 2 (± 2 %).
8 Earthing
8.1 General
There are three possible reasons for earthing a PV array:

a) equipotential bonding to avoid uneven potentials across and installation;
b) protective earthing to provide a path for fault currents to flow; and
c) lightning protection.
An earth conductor may perform one or more of these functions in an installation. The
dimensions and location of the conductor are very dependent on its function.
8.2 Earthing electrode
If a separate earthing electrode is provided for the PV array, this electrode shall be bonded to
the installation earthing.
8.3 Equipment earthing
8.3.1 Earthing of equipment
Equipment earthing refers to the bonding to earth of all frames of the PV array including any
2
structural metalwork. Equipment earthing shall be done with at least a 10 mm earthing
conductor.
8.3.2 Earthing conductors
All PV array earthing conductors shall comply with the material, type, insulation, identification,
installation and connection requirements as specified in MS IEC 60364 or MS IEC 60364-7-
712.
9 Marking requirements
9.1 General
All signs required by 9.2 to 9.4 shall:
a) comply with MS 981 and MS 982;
b) be indelible;
c) be legible from at least 0.8 m unless otherwise specified in the relevant clauses; and
d) be constructed and affixed to remain legible for the life of the equipment it is attached or
related to.
NOTE. Examples of signs are given in Annex B.

MS 1837:2010
9.2 PV array and PV sub-array connection boxes
A sign containing the text 'PV DC' shall be attached to PV array and PV sub-array connection
boxes.
9.3 Disconnection devices
9.3.1 General
Disconnection devices shall be marked with an identification name or number in accordance

with the PV array wiring diagram.
All switches shall have the ON and OFF positions clearly indicated.
9.3.2 PV array main switch
The PV array main switch (DC load breaking disconnection device) shall be provided with a
sign affixed in a prominent location with the following text: ‘PV DC MAIN SWITCH’.
9.3.3 Inverter main switch
The inverter main switch (AC load breaking disconnection device) shall be provided with a
sign affixed in a prominent location with the following text: ‘PV AC MAIN SWITCH’.
9.4 Fire emergency information
9.4.1 General
For PV arrays that are installed on buildings and have a rated power greater than 500 W or
with VOC STC ARRAY greater than 50 V, a sign next to the building main switchboard shall be
provided. This sign shall specify the procedure for the fire brigade to enter the building without
the risk of electric shock from the PV array and the operation of the emergency switching
device, if relevant. This sign shall be legible from at least 1.5 m.
9.4.2 Manually operated emergency switching device
When a manually operated switching device is used, the means of operating such device,
such as handles or push-buttons for emergency switching, shall be clearly indicated. The
signs to identify the switching devices (see 9.3.2 and 9.3.3) shall be placed next to them and
shall be legible from at least 1.5 m.
9.5 Shutdown procedure
A sign, that contains shutdown instructions for the PV system, shall be located in a prominent
location. The sign shall include the name and location of the relevant disconnection devices.
The sign shall also include the following PV array information:
a) open circuit voltage at STC; and
b) short circuit current at STC.

MS 1837:2010
10 Documentation
The PV system installer shall prepare the following documents and a copy shall be handed to
the PV system owner:
a) a basic circuit diagram that includes the electrical ratings of the PV array, including the
information required by 9.4;
b) a copy of the emergency shutdown procedure including the location of relevant switching
devices;
c) as-built drawing that includes the PV array, the inverter and the major components;
d) PV system or parts certification as required by relevant authorities and provided by

manufacturer;
e) all specifications of the PV array, the inverter and the system components; and
f) PV system maintenance requirements (see Annex C).
11 Commissioning
11.1 General
Commissioning tests are required to ensure that the PV array complies with the safety
requirements of this standard.
11.2 Wiring and installation integrity
The PV array wiring shall be inspected for compliance with the wiring requirements of MS IEC
60364 or MS IEC 60364-7-712, and the wiring requirements set out in Clause 4 of this
standard, and corrected if necessary.
11.3 Open circuit voltage
11.3.1 General
This test is intended to ensure that wiring polarity and continuity of the PV array are correct.
11.3.2 Procedure
The open circuit voltage of every string shall be measured before connecting to other strings.
All PV string open circuit voltages shall be within 5 % variation; otherwise the connections
shall be verified for polarity, continuity and possible faults and repaired. Once the verification
is complete and satisfactory, the PV strings can be connected in parallel.
The same procedure shall be carried out to verify PV sub-array open circuit voltages (if
relevant) and PV array open circuit voltage before connecting the PV array to the inverter.
NOTE. It is recommended that all measurements are made under irradiance conditions (during the daytime with no
rain).

MS 1837:2010
11.4 PV kWh meter
The meter shall be tested for functionality and the initial value shall be recorded.
11.5 Commissioning records
The following commissioning records shall be given to the owner, and if necessary to the
relevant authorities:
a) a certificate stating that the work done on the installation meets the requirements of this
standard;
b) a record of the final open circuit voltage measurements;
c) a record of the measured values of current and/or resistance before and after any
adjustments to the earth fault protection system (if relevant); and
d) a record of the initial value of the PV kWh meter.

MS 1837:2010
Annex A
(informative)
Characteristics of PV arrays
A1 PV arrays
A1.1 DC versus AC behavior
One of the most important characteristics of direct current (DC) in relation to safety is that DC
arcs, caused by switching or faults, are much more difficult to extinguish than AC arcs. This
implies that all switchgear and over-current protection devices in the PV array need to be
rated for used in DC circuits (DC switchgear is less readily available and its cost increases
significantly, as the DC operating voltages increase).
A1.2 Series parallel configuration
To reduce mismatch and improve PV array yield, all PV strings within a PV array should be of
the same technology and have the same number of series connected PV modules. Also, all
PV modules within the PV array should have similar rated electrical characteristics including
short circuit current, open circuit voltage, maximum power current, maximum power voltage
and rated power (all at STC).
A1.3 Low fault levels
PV cells (and consequently PV arrays) behave like current sources under low impedance
faults. Thus in PV arrays without battery storage, currents much greater than normal full load
currents will not flow even under short circuit fault conditions, making short circuit detection
impossible. Therefore, electric arcs can be formed in a PV array with fault currents that will
not trip an over-current device. The implications for PV array design that arise from these PV
array characteristics are:
a) the chances of line to line faults, earth faults and inadvertent wire disconnections in the
system need to be minimised; and
b) earth fault detection and disablement could be required as part of the system protection
functions depending on the array size and location, to eliminate the risk of fire.
A1.4 Operating temperature
PV modules can operate well above ambient temperature under normal operating conditions.
A common steady state temperature rise for silicon modules operating at the maximum power
2
point under 1 000 W/m solar irradiance and with adequate ventilation is 25 °C. This
temperature rise can go up by 35 °C when modules are open circuited (i.e. the PV array has
been put out of operation due to a grid failure in the case of grid connected systems). The
2
temperature rise can be even higher when irradiance levels are greater than 1 000 W/m and
when modules have poor ventilation. The following are two main requirements on the PV
array design derived from this operating characteristic of PV modules:

MS 1837:2010
a) PV module efficiency reduces as their operating temperature increases (for crystalline

silicon solar cells the maximum power decreases between 0.4 % and 0.5 % per each
degree C rise in operating temperature). Therefore adequate ventilation of the PV array
should be a design goal, in order to ensure optimum performance for both modules and
associated components.
b) All the components and equipment that may be in direct contact or near the PV array
(conductors, inverters, connectors, etc.) need to be capable of withstanding the expected
maximum operating temperature of the PV array.
A2 Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems

The systems have the following characteristics:
a) Generally they do not use batteries for energy storage because the grid behaves as an
infinite bus that can receive or supply power.
b) PV arrays in these systems tend to be low voltage.
c) A wide range of inverter topologies can be found on the market. Some of them include an
isolation transformer, and some of them are transformerless; some of them require the
PV array to be earthed and some of them require it not to be earthed.

MS 1837:2010
Annex B
(informative)
Examples of signs
B1 Overview
This annex provides examples of appropriate signs as specified in Clause 9.
PV DC
Figure B1. Example of sign required on PV array connection box (9.2)
PV DC
MAIN SWITCH
Figure B2. Example of sign required adjacent to PV array main switch (9.3.2)
PV AC
MAIN SWITCH
Figure B3. Example of sign required adjacent to inverter main switch (9.3.3)

MS 1837:2010
FIRE EMERGENCY
INFORMATION
DISCONNECT THE GRID MAINS

POWER INTO THE BUILDING BEFORE
ENTERING THE PREMISE. THIS WILL
ALSO DISCONNECT THE PV SYSTEM
POWER SUPPLY INTO THE BUILDING
FOLLOW THE PV SYSTEM SHUTDOWN

PROCEDURE TO FULLY DISCONNECT
THE PV SYSTEM
Figure B4. Example of fire emergency information sign required on the main
switchboard (9.4.1)

MS 1837:2010
PV SYSTEM SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE
STEP 1: Turn off the ‘PV AC MAIN SWITCH’ located

next to the AC terminals of the inverter.
STEP 2: Turn off the ‘PV DC MAIN SWITCH’ located

next to the DC terminals of the inverter.
Warning: Do not open plug and socket

connectors or PV string isolators under load
PV Array Open Circuit Voltage at STC: VDC
PV Array Short Circuit Current at STC: ADC
Figure B5. Example of shutdown procedure (9.5)

MS 1837:2010
Annex C
(informative)
Maintenance requirements
C1 Safety
Attention should be given in the maintenance procedures to the following safety requirements:
a) emergency shutdown procedure;
b) obey all warning signs;
c) shut system down and interrupt PV array according to the manual shutdown procedure;
d) split strings into extra low voltage sections (if relevant); and
e) warn of the live parts that cannot be de-energised during daylight.
C2 Periodic maintenance
The following maintenance activities should be considered for inclusions in the maintenance
procedures, according to the location, size and design of the PV array.
a) Cleaning of the PV array might be periodically required in locations where it is likely to

collect dust or other shading materials.
b) Periodic inspections should be carried out to check wiring integrity, electrical connections,
corrosion and mechanical protection of wiring.
c) Verify open circuit voltage, and if possible short circuit current values.
d) Verify functioning of earth fault protection (if relevant).
e) Measure wet insulation resistance.
f) Check PV array mounting structure(s).
g) Test operation of switches regularly.
h) Check for module defects (fracture, moisture penetration, browning, etc.).
i) Verify status of SPDs (if relevant).

MS 1837:2010
C3 Operation and maintenance procedures

Operation and maintenance procedures should include the following:
a) a short description of the function and operation of all installed equipment. More detailed
information should be available from the manufacturer’s documentation [see C3 d)];
b) emergency and maintenance shutdown procedures;
c) periodic maintenance requirements including procedures and schedule; and
d) equipment manufacturer’s documentation (data sheets, handbooks, etc.) for all

equipment supplied.

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved
Annex D
(informative)
Changes between MS 1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision)
Table D1. Changes between MS 1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision)
MS 1837 : 2010
MS 1837 : 2005 Additional (A)
(First revision) Amended Text
Clause No. Or Deletion (D)
Clause No.
Foreword Foreword A+D This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group
on Utility Interfaced Solar Photovoltaic System under the
authority of the Electro technical Industry Standards Committee
Compliance with a Malaysian Standards does not of itself

confer immunity from legal obligations.
This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group

on Solar Photovoltaic Systems under the authority of the
Industry Standards Committee on Generation, Transmission
and Distribution of Electrical Energy.
This Malaysian Standard is the first revision of MS 1837,
MS 1837:2010
Installation of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system.
Major modifications in this revision are as follows:
a) incorporation of new clauses on “Terms and definitions”;

31
32 Table D1. Changes between MS 1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision) (continued)
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
b) incorporation of new figures on “General requirements” in
Clause 4;
c) incorporation of new requirements on “Over-voltage

protection” in 5.8;
d) incorporation of new requirement on “PV array and PV

sub-array connection boxes” in 7.3;
e) incorporation of new requirement on “Fuses” in 7.5; and
f) incorporation of Annex D on “Changes between MS

1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision)”.
This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 1837:2005.
Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer

immunity from legal obligations.
SECTION 1 1 Scope
1.1 Scope Merged sub clause 1.1 & 1.2
1.2 Objective
1.3 Normative 2 Normative references A+D MS 589, Specification for 13 A plugs, socket-outlets, adaptors
references and connection units
MS 981, Specification for safety signs and colours: Colour and

design
MS 982, Specification for fire safety signs, notices and graphic

symbols
32

Table D1. Changes between MS 1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision) (continued) 1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
MS 1992, Electronic equipment for use in power installations
MS IEC 60364, Electrical installation of buildings
MS IEC 60364-7-712, Electrical installations of buildings - Part

7-712: Requirements for special installations or locations -
Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems
MS IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures

(IP code)
MS IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -

Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current
≤ 16 A per phase)
MS IEC 61000-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6:

Generic standards
MS IEC 61024-1, Protection of structures against lightning -

Part 1: General principles
MS IEC 61215, Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV)

modules - Design qualification and type approval
MS IEC 61643-1, Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part

1: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power
MS 1837:2010
distribution systems - Requirements and tests
MS IEC 61643-12, Low voltage surge protective devices - Part

12: Surge protective devices connected to low voltage power
distribution systems - Selection and application principles
33
Table D1. Changes between MS 1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision) (continued)
34
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
MS IEC 61646, Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules -

Design qualification and type approval
MS IEC 61727, Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Characteristics of

the utility interface
MS IEC 61730-1, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification

- Part 1: Requirements for construction
MS IEC 61730-2, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification

- Part 2: Requirements for testing
MS IEC 62305-1, Protection against lightning - Part 1: General

principles
IEEE 1547, Standard for interconnecting distributed resources

with electric power systems
IEEE 1547.1, Standard for conformance tests procedures for

equipment interconnectivity distributed resources with electric
power systems
34

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
1.4 Definitions 3 Terms and definitions - -
1.4.1 Accessible, 3.1 Accessible, readily - -

readily
1.4.2 Available, 3.2 Available, readily - -

readily
- 3.3 AC side A Part of the PV system from the AC terminals of the inverter until
the grid connection to the mains.
1.4.3 By Pass diode 3.4 By Pass diode A A diode that is connected in parallel with a number of PV cells
or the whole PV module.
1.4.4 Cable 3.5 Cable - -
1.4.5 Cable, shielded 3.6 Cable, shielded - -
1.4.6 Cable core 3.7 Cable core - -
1.4.7 Class II 3.8 Class II equipment - -

equipment
1.4.8 Connection box 3.9 Connection box - -
MS 1837:2010
- 3.10 DC Side A Part of the PV system from the PV cell to the DC terminals of
the inverter.
1.4.9 Installation 3.11 Installation earthing - -

earthing
35
36
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
1.4.10 Inverter 3.12 inverter - -
1.4.11 ISC MOD 3.13 ISC STC MOD - -
1.4.12 ISC S-ARRAY 3.14 ISC STC-S-ARRAY A+D The short circuit current of a PV sub-array at STC, and is equal
to:
ISC STC S-ARRAY = ISC STC MOD X SSA NP SA
where SSA NP SA is the number of parallel-connected PV strings

in the PV sub-array.
1.4.13 ISC ARRAY 3.15 ISC STC ARRAY A+D The short circuit current of the PV array at STC, and is equal
to:
ISC STC ARRAY = ISC STC MOD x SA NP A
where SA NP A is the total number of parallel-connected PV

strings in the PV array.
1.4.14 Live Part 3.16 ISC ARRAY - -
1.4.15 PARRAY 3.17 PARRAY STC - -
- 3.18 PV AC module
A Combination of a PV module with an integrated DC/AC
inverter, whereas the connection is available on the AC side
only. The DC cannot be accessed.
1.4.16 PV array 3.19 PV array - -
36

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
1.4.17 PV array cable 3.20 PV array cable - -
1.4.18 PV array, 3.21 PV array, isolated - -

isolated
1.4.19 PV array 3.22 PV array connection - -

connection box box
1.4.20 PV array 3.23 PV array open circuit A+D The PV array open circuit voltage is considered to be equal to
voltage voltage VOC STC ARRAY (see 1.4.36) (see 3.39).
NOTE. The open circuit voltage is dependent on the cell temperature.
1.4.21 PV cell 3.24 PV cell - -
1.4.22 PV kWh meter 3.25 PV kWh meter - -
1.4.23 PV module 3.26 PV module - -
1.4.24 PV module 3.27 PV module connection -

-
connection box box
- -
1.4.25 PV string 3.28 PV string
MS 1837:2010
1.4.26 PV string 3.29 PV string cable -
-
cable
- -
1.4.27 PV sub-array 3.30 PV sub-array
37
38
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
1.4.28 PV sub-array 3.31 PV sub-array cable - -
cable
1.4.29 PV sub-array 3.32 PV sub-array - -

connection box connection box
1.4.30 PV system 3.33 PV system - -
1.4.31 Ripple-free 3.34 ripple free DC - -

d.c.
1.4.32 SELV 3.35 SELV (separated extra- - -

(separated extra-low low voltage)
voltage)
1.4.33 SPD (surge 3.36 SPD(surge protective - -

protective device) device
1.4.34 STC 3.37 STC (standards test - -

(standards test conditions)
conditions)
1.4.35 VOC MOD 3.38 VOC STC MOD - -
1.4.36 VOC ARRAY 3.39 VOC STC ARRAY A+D The open circuit voltage at STC of a PV array, and is equal to:
VOC STC ARRAY = VOC STC MOD x M Ns
where M Ns is the number of series-connected PV modules in

any PV string of the PV array.
38

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
NOTE. This standard assumes that all strings within a PV array are connected
in parallel; hence the open circuit voltage of PV sub-arrays and PV strings is
equal to VOC STC ARRAY.
1.4.37 Voltage 3.40 voltage A+D Differences of potential normally existing between conductors
and between conductors and earth are as follows:
a) extra-low voltage (ELV) - Not exceeding 50 V a.c. AC or

120 V ripple-free d.c. DC; and
b) low voltage (LV) - Exceeding extra-low voltage, but not

exceeding 1 000 V a.c. AC or 1 500 V d.c. DC.
NOTE. When calculating the voltage of a PV array, VOC STC ARRAY is to be used.
SECTION 2 : 4 General Requirements The installation of a grid-connected PV system shall be in

GENERAL A accordance with Figure 1 and Figure 2. These figures shall be
REQUIREMENTS extensively referred to throughout this standard.
SECTION 3 : 5 Protection Requirements
PROTECTION
REQUIREMENTS
3.1 General 5.1 General - -
3.2 By-pass diodes 5.2 By-pass diodes A By-pass diodes shall be used in the PV modules. If by-pass
diodes are not embedded in the PV module encapsulation, they
MS 1837:2010
shall comply with all the following requirements:
a) have a voltage rating at least 2 x VOC STC MOD of the

protected module;
b) have a current rating of at least 1.3 x ISC STC MOD;

39
40
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
c) be installed according to the module manufacturer’s

recommendations;
d) be installed so no live parts are exposed; and
e) be protected from degradation due to environmental factors.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a grid-connected PV system

(single-phase)
a) removed PV string overcurrent protection device from

negative string cable;
2
b) PV string cable : minimum 2.5 mm ;
c) removed SPD between – ve & + ve cable before and after
40

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
inverter; and
2
d) earthing : minimum 10 mm .
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a grid-connected PV system

(three-phase) - New figure included to reflect 3 phase
connection to grid
3.3 Over-current 5.3 Over-current protection
MS 1837:2010
protection
3.3.1 Discrimination 5.3.1 Discrimination A Over-current protection within the PV string shall be graded in
such a way that lower level protection trips first in the event of
fault currents flowing from higher current sections to lower
current sections of the PV array.
41
42
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
NOTE. When circuit breakers with over-current protection elements are used,
they also provide the disconnecting means required in 3.4 5.4.
3.3.2 PV Strings 5.3.2 PV Strings A+D In all cases, where it applies (refer to figure), all PV strings shall
be protected with an over-current protection device with load
breaking disconnecting facilities. These over-current protection
devices shall be installed in (both) positive active conductors.
Suitably rated circuit-breakers used for over-current protection
may also provide load breaking disconnecting facilities (see
3.4) (see 5.4).
The rated trip current (ITRIP) of over-current protection devices

for PV strings shall be as specified by the PV module
manufacturer or, ITRIP shall be determined by the following
formula:
1.3 1.5 x ISC STC MOD ≤ ITRIP ≤ 2 x ISC STC MOD
3.3.3 PV array and 5.3.3 PV array and PV sub- - -

PV sub-arrays arrays
3.4 Disconnecting 5.4 Disconnecting means
means
3.4.1 General 5.4.1 General A+D Disconnecting means shall be provided in PV arrays according
to 3.4.2 5.4.2, to isolate the PV array from the inverter and vice
versa and to allow for maintenance and inspection tasks to be
carried out safely.
NOTE. This clause does not apply to module inverters where the inverter is an
integral part of the PV module.
42

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
3.4.2 Selection and 5.4.2 Selection and A + D, para 1 and 3 Only device with d.c. DC rating which is able to extinguish
installation installation electrical arc shall be used.
Other disconnection and isolation devices having the

characteristics described in 5.4 7.4 may be used as a
disconnection means.
3.4.2.1 PV Strings 5.4.2.1 PV Strings and PV -
and PV sub arrays sub arrays -
3.4.2.2 PV array 5.4.2.2 PV array -

-
3.4.2.3 Inverter 5.4.2.3 Inverter -
-
3.5 Emergency 5.5 Emergency switching A+D The PV array (d.c. DC) load-breaking disconnection device and
switching device device the inverter (a.c. AC) load-breaking disconnection device shall
be used as the emergency switching devices, and therefore
shall be readily accessible and be clearly identified according to
7.4.2 9.4.2.
The emergency switching device shall comply with the

requirements for devices for emergency switching including
emergency stopping as contained in MS IEC 60364 or MS IEC
60364-7-712.The emergency switching device shall open all
active conductors of the PV array cable and shall prevent
MS 1837:2010
further supply by the PV array to its associated d.c wiring
If the emergency switching device is manually operated, the

remote operating device shall be located in a readily accessible
point and be identified in accordance with 7.4.2 9.4.2.
43
44
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
NOTE : This clause is intended to eliminate the shock risk to fire brigade
personnel in the event of a fire emergency in the premises, by disconnecting
otherwise potentially live d.c wiring inside the premises or in readily accessible
areas outside the building.
3.6 Earth fault 5.6 Earth fault protection A All metal casings and frames shall be earthed according to MS
protection IEC 60364 or MS IEC 60364-7-712.
3.7 Lightning 5.7 Lightning protection A+D Lightning protection measures may be required in some PV
protection installations. The need for lightning protection shall be
assessed in accordance with MS IEC 61024-1 62305-1.
A lightning protection system has the task of preventing severe

damage caused by fire or mechanical destruction if a direct
lightning strike occurs on a building or structure. Lightning
protection systems consist of three essential components:
e) an air termination system, consisting of metallic masts or

rods of sufficient height to divert lightning currents through

their structure;
f) a down conductor of sufficient cross-sectional area to

conduct lightning currents to earth; and
g) an earth termination system.
For ground mounted or freestanding PV arrays, the need for a

lightning protection system shall be assessed in accordance
with MS IEC 61024-1 62305-1, and if required, it shall be
installed in compliance with that standard.
The installation of a PV array on a building has a negligible
44

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
effect on the probability of direct lightning strikes and therefore
it does not necessarily imply that a lightning protection system
shall be installed if none is already present. However, if the
physical characteristics or prominence of the building do
change significantly due to the installation of the PV array, it is
required that the need for a lightning protection system be
assessed in accordance with MS IEC 61024-1 62305-1, and if
required, it shall be installed in compliance with that standard.
If a lightning protection system is already installed on the

building, it shall be verified that the PV array and associated
equipment are within the protection zone of the system in
accordance with MS IEC 61024-1 62305-1. If the PV array is
not within the protection zone of the existing lightning protection
system, additional air termination(s) shall be provided in
accordance with MS IEC 61024-1 62305-1.
When a PV array is protected by a lightning protection system,

the metal structure of the PV array shall be bonded to the
lightning protection system, unless the minimum safety
clearances as specified in MS IEC 61024-1 62305-1, can be
achieved.
3.8 Over-voltage 5.8 Over-voltage protection - -
protection
3.8.1 Wiring loops 5.8.1 Wiring loops A+D To reduce the magnitude of lightning induced over-voltages,
MS 1837:2010
the PV array wiring shall be laid in such a way that the area of
conductive loops is minimum (see example in Figure 2 3).
3.8.2 Surge 5.8.2 Surge protective
protective device device (SPD) - -
(SPD)
45
46
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
3.8.2.1 General guide 5.8.2.1 General guide - -
3.8.2.2 Selection 5.8.2.2 Selection - -
3.8.2.3 Usage and 5.8.2.3 Usage and A The usage and installation of SPDs shall be in accordance to
installation installation MS IEC 61643-12. The SPDs on the DC side shall be installed
closest possible to the inverter.
3.8.2.4 SPD 5.8.2.4 SPD specifications to A+D The specifications for SPDs to protect PV arrays and inverter
specifications to protect PV array and inverter (d.c. DC terminal) are as follows (refer to list of parameters for
protect PV array and (DC terminal) SPDs selection in MS IEC 61643-12):
inverter (d.c terminal)
a) SPDs of Class II (in this context, Class II refers to the test
specifications of SPDs rather than insulation class).
b) Have a maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc) with Uc

> 1.3 x VOC STC GEN.
c) Have a maximum continuous operating current (Ic) with Ic >

1.3 x ISC STC GEN
Have a maximum discharge current (Imax) (8/20 μs) with Imax
> 40 kA (or at least 20 kA)
d) Have a nominal discharge current (In) (8/20 μs) with In > 20

kA (or at least 10 kA)
e) Have a voltage protection level (Up) with 1.3 x VOC STC GEN <
Up < 1.1 kV.
f) Have a voltage protection level at In (Up) with Up (L-PE) <

1.1 2.5 kV
46

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
3.8.2.5 SPDs 5.8.2.5 SPDs specifications A+D The specifications for SPD to protect inverter (a.c. AC terminal)
specifications to to protect inverter (AC shall be suitably rated for a.c. AC use and in accordance to MS
protect inverter (a.c terminal) IEC 61643-12 and in conjunction with MS IEC 61643-1.
terminal)
3.8.3 Shielding 5.8.3 Shielding A+D When the PV array frame is bonded to a lightning protection
system, the PV array cable shall be shielded by one of the
following methods, and the shielding conductor shall be
connected to earth at both ends:
a) with a metallic cable armour or shield with an equivalent

2 2
cross-sectional area of 6 mm 10 mm Cu; or
b) with a metallic conduit suitable as a bonding conductor; or
c) with an equipotential bonding conductor with a cross-
2
sectional area of at least 6 mm .
NOTE. 6 mm2 Cu should be able to withstand 20 kA for 1 ms
SECTION 4 : 6 Wiring requirements

WIRING
REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Compliance with 6.1 Compliance with wiring - -

wiring standards standards
MS 1837:2010
4.2 System voltage 6.2 System voltage - -
4.3 Wiring Installation 6.3 Wiring Installation - -
4.3.1 General 6.3.1 General - -

47
48
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
4.3.2 Wiring loops 6.3.2 Wiring loops A+D The PV array wiring should be laid in such a way that the area
of conductive loops is minimised (e.g. by laying cables in
parallel as shown in Figure 2 Figure 3); see also 5.8.1.
Figure 2 Figure 3. PV string wiring with minimum loop

area
4.3.3 String, sub- 6.3.3 String, sub-array and A The wiring of PV strings, sub-arrays and array shall satisfy the
array and array wiring array wiring following requirements:
a) Double insulated, DC rated, UV resistant, flex type and fire

retardant shall be used.
b) Cables shall be protected from mechanical damage.
c) Cables shall be clamped (to relieve tension and to prevent

conductors coming free from the connection).
4.3.4 Wiring 6.3.4 Wiring installation in A+D The following provisions apply to the installation of wiring
installation in connection boxes systems in connection boxes:
connection boxes
48

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
a) Where conductors enter a connection box without conduit,
a tension relief system shall be used to avoid cable
disconnections inside the connection box (for example by
using a gland connector).
b) All cable entries, when installed, shall maintain the IP rating

of the enclosure.
NOTE. Water condensation inside connection boxes may be a problem in

some locations and provision may need to be provided to drain water
build-up.
c) For LV PV arrays, where a return conductor is routed

through module connection boxes, such retirn conductors
shall be double-insulated cables, and the cable and its
insulation shall maintain double insulation status over its
entire length, particularly through connection boxes (i.e
these provisions also apply to the joints)
c) The wiring and its insulation particularly through the

connection box including terminal points shall maintain
double insulation status over its entire length.
34.3.5 Location of PV 3 6.3.5 Location of PV array - -

array and PV sub- and PV sub-array
array connection connection boxes
MS 1837:2010
boxes
4.4 Cable selection 6.4 Cable selection - -

4.4.1 Cable size 6.4.1 Cable size - -
49
50
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
4.4.1.1 General 6.4.1.1 General A+D Cable sizes for PV string cables, PV sub-array cables and PV
2
array cables shall not be less than 2.5 mm and shall be
determined with regard to both, the minimum current capacity
(see 4.4.1.2 ) (see 6.4.1.2) and maximum voltage drop
requirements (see 4.4.1.3) (see 6.4.1.3). The larger cable size
obtained from these two criteria shall be applied.
4.4.1.2 Current 6.4.1.2 Current carrying - -

carrying capacity capacity (CCC)
(CCC)
4.4.1.3 Voltage drop 6.4.1.3 Voltage drop - -
4.4.2 Insulation 6.4.2 Insulation A+D a) have a voltage rating of at least 1.2 x VOC STC ARRAY;
NOTE. The use of double insulated and shielded cable is required for
wiring of PV arrays where VOC STC ARRAY ≥ 120 V d.c. DC, to minimise the
risk of faults within the wiring.
4.5 Wiring 6.5 Wiring identifications - -

identifications
50

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
SECTION 5 : 7 Component requirements
COMPONENT
REQUIREMENTS
5.1 PV modules 7.1 PV modules - -
5.1.1 Reliability 7.1.1 Reliability A Crystalline silicon PV modules shall comply with MS IEC
61215. Thin film PV modules shall comply with MS IEC 61646.
5.1.2 Equipment 7.1.2 Equipment class A PV modules shall be Class II. PV modules shall comply with
class MS IEC 61730-1 and MS IEC 61730-2.
5.1.3 Reverse current 7.1.3 Reverse current - -

5.2 Inverter 7.2 Inverter requirements A+D Inverters shall comply with requirements in accordance to MS
requirements IEC 61000-3-2, MS IEC 61000-6, MS IEC 60364-7-712 and BS
EN 50178 MS 1992 or IEEE 1547 and IEEE 1547.1 or other
equivalent standard. Inverters shall be isolated in the event of
mains supply failure.
5.3 PV array and PV 7.3 PV array and PV sub- - -

sub-array connection array connection boxes
boxes
5.3.1 Environmental 7.3.1 Environmental effects A+D PV array and PV sub-array connection boxes exposed to the
effects environment shall be at least IP 65 56 compliant in accordance
with MS IEC 60529, and shall be UV resistant.
MS 1837:2010
5.4 Switching devices 7.4 Switching devices - -
5.4.1 General 7.4.1 General A+D All switching devices shall comply with all the following
requirements:
51
52
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
a) be rated for d.c. use and able to extinguish electrical arcs

be rated for AC side as AC and be rated for DC side as DC
use and able to extinguish electrical arcs;
b) have a voltage rating equal to greater than, 1.2 x VOC ARRAY

VOC STC ARRAY;
c) not have exposed metallic live parts in connected or

disconnected state; and
d) interrupt all poles.
5.4.2 Current 7.4.2 Current breaking A+D In addition to the requirements of 5.4.1 7.4.1, circuit breakers
breaking devices devices and any other load breaking disconnection devices used for
protection and/or disconnecting means shall comply with the
following requirements:
a) not be polarity sensitive (as fault currents in a PV array

may flow in the opposite direction of normal operating
currents);
b) be rated to interrupt full load and prospective fault currents

from the PV array and any other connected power sources
such as batteries, generators and the grid, if present; and
c) when over-current protection is incorporated, the trip

current shall be rated according to 3.3 5.3.
52

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
5.4.3 Plugs, sockets 7.4.3 Plugs, sockets and A+D Plugs, sockets and couplers shall comply with all the following
and couplers couplers requirements:
a) be rated for d.c. use AC side for AC use and be rated for
DC side for DC use;
b) have a voltage rating equal or greater than 1.2 x VOC ARRAY

VOC STC ARRAY;
c) be protected from contact with live parts in both the

connected and disconnected state (i.e. be shrouded);
d) have a current rating equal to, or greater than, the cable to

which they are fitted;
e) require a deliberate force to disconnect;
f) have a temperature rating suitable for their installation

location;
g) if multipolar, be polarised;
h) comply with Class II; and
i) if exposed to the environment, be rated for outdoor use, be

UV resistant and be at least IP 65 56 compliant.
MS 1837:2010
Plugs and socket outlets normally used for connection to AC
mains power as described in MS 589, shall not be used in PV
arrays wiring.
53
54
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
5.5 Fuses 7.5 Fuses A+D Fuses used in PV arrays shall comply with all the following
requirements:
a) be rated for d.c. use AC for AC use and be rated for DC for
DC use;
b) have a voltage rating equal to, or greater than, 1.2 x VOC

ARRAY VOC STC ARRAY;
c) be rated to interrupt full load and prospective fault currents

from the PV array and connected power sources such as
batteries, generators and the grid, if present; and
d) have a current rating of ≥ 1.5 and ≤ 2 time ISC STC String.
NOTE. When fuses are provided for over-current protection, the use of fused
load break switch-disconnectors (fuse-combination units) is recommended.
5.5.1 Fuse holders 7.5.1 Fuse holders A+D a) have a voltage rating equal to, or greater than 1.2 x VOC STC
ARRAY;
5.6 PV kWh meter 7.6 PV kWh meter A+D The PV kWh meter is used to record kWh units of a.c. AC
generated electricity by a PV system. The meter shall be
connected between the a.c. AC breaker and the a.c. AC grid
isolator main switch (a.c. AC load breaking disconnection
device).
The PV kWh meter shall be suitable to record kWh units of a.c.

AC electricity. The meter accuracy shall be of Class 2 (± 2 %).
54

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
SECTION 6 : 8 Earthing
EARTHING
6.2 Earthing 8.2 Earthing electrode - -

electrode
6.3 Equipment 8.3 Equipment earthing - -

earthing
6.3.1 Earthing of 8.3.1 Earthing of equipment A+D Equipment earthing refers to the bonding to earth of all frames
equipment of the PV array including any structural metalwork. Equipment
2
earthing shall be done with at least a 6 10 mm earthing
conductor.
6.3.2 Earthing 8.3.2 Earthing conductors A All PV array earthing conductors shall comply with the material,
conductors type, insulation, identification, installation and connection
requirements as specified in MS IEC 60364 or MS IEC 60364-
7-712.
SECTION 7 : 9 Marking requirements

MARKING
REQUIREMENTS
7.1 General 9.1 General A+D All signs required by (7.2) 9.2 to (7.4) 9.4 shall:
MS 1837:2010
7.2 PV array and PV 9.2 PV array and PV sub- A+D A sign containing the text 'PV D.C. DC' shall be attached to PV
sub-array connection array connection boxes array and PV sub-array connection boxes.
boxes
55
56
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
7.3 Disconnection 9.3 Disconnection devices - -
devices
7.3.2 PV array main 9.3.2 PV array main switch A+D The PV array main switch (d.c. DC load breaking disconnection
switch device) shall be provided with a sign affixed in a prominent
location with the following text: ‘PV D.C DC MAIN SWITCH’.
7.3.3 Inverter main 9.3.3 Inverter main switch A+D The inverter main switch (a.c. AC load breaking disconnection
switch device) shall be provided with a sign affixed in a prominent
location with the following text: ‘PV A.C AC MAIN SWITCH’.
7.4 Fire emergency 9.4 Fire emergency - -

information information

7.4.2 Manually 9.4.2 Manually operated A+D When a manually operated switching device is used, the
operated emergency emergency switching device means of operating such device, such as handles or push-
switching device buttons for emergency switching, shall be clearly indicated. The
signs to identify the switching devices (see 7.3.2 9.3.2 and
7.3.3 9.3.3) shall be placed next to them and shall be legible
from at least 1.5 m.
7.5 Shutdown 9.5 Shutdown procedure A A sign, that contains shutdown instructions for the PV system,
procedure shall be located in a prominent location. The sign shall include
the name and location of the relevant disconnection devices.
56

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
The sign shall also include the following PV array information:
a) open circuit voltage at STC; and
b) short circuit current at STC.
SECTION 8 : 10 Documentation A+D a) a basic circuit diagram that includes the electrical ratings of
DOCUMENTATION the PV array, including the information required by 7.4 9.4;
SECTION 9 : 11 Commissioning
COMMISSIONING
9.2 Wiring and 11.2 Wiring and installation A+D The PV array wiring shall be inspected for compliance with the
installation integrity integrity wiring requirements of MS IEC 60364 or MS IEC 60364-7-712,
and the wiring requirements set out in Section Clause 4 of this
standard, and corrected if necessary.
9.3 Open circuit 11.3 Open circuit voltage - -

voltage
9.3.2 Procedure 11.3.2 Procedure A+D NOTE. All measurements should be made when practicable under irradiance
conditions. Conditions close to noon are preferable.
NOTE. It is recommended that all measurements are made under irradiance
MS 1837:2010
conditions (during the daytime with no rain).
-
9.4 PV kWh meter 11.4 PV kWh meter -
9.5 Commissioning 11.5 Commissioning records -

records -
57
58
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
Annex A (informative) Annex A (informative)
Characteristic of PV Characteristic of PV arrays
arrays
A1. PV arrays A1 PV arrays - -
A1.2 Series parallel A1.2 Series parallel - -

configuration configuration
A1.3 Low fault levels A1.3 Low fault levels - -
-
A1.4 Operating A1.4 Operating temperature -
temperature
A2 Grid-connected A2 Grid-connected - -
photovoltaic (PV) photovoltaic (PV) systems

systems
Annex B (informative) Annex B (informative)

Examples of signs Examples of signs
B1. Overview B1 Overview A+D This annex provides examples of appropriate signs as specified
in Section 7 Clause 9.
PV D.C. DC
Figure B1. Example of sign required on PV array

connection box (7.2) (9.2)
58

1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
PV D.C. DC
MAIN SWITCH
Figure B2. Example of sign required adjacent to PV array

main switch (7.3.2) (9.3.2)
PV A.C. AC
MAIN SWITCH
Figure B3. Example of sign required adjacent to inverter

main switch (7.3.3) (9.3.3)
MS 1837:2010
59
60
MS 1837:2010
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
FIRE EMERGENCY INFORMATION
DISCONNECT THE GRID MAINS

POWER INTO THE BUILDING
BEFORE ENTERING THE PREMISE.
THIS WILL ALSO DISCONNECT THE
PV SYSTEM POWER SUPPLY INTO
THE BUILDING
FOLLOW THE PV SYSTEM
SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE TO
FULLY DISCONNECT THE PV
SYSTEM
Figure B4. Example of fire emergency information sign

required on the main switchboard (7.4.1) (9.4.1)
PV SYSTEM SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Turn off the ‘PV A.C. AC MAIN SWITCH’
located next to the a.c. terminals of the
inverter.
STEP 2: Turn off the ‘PV D.C. DC MAIN SWITCH’

located next to the d.c. DC terminals of the
inverter.
Warning: Do not open plug and socket connectors

or PV string isolators under load
PV Array Open Circuit Voltage at STC: Vdc DC

PV Arry Short Circuit Current at STC: Adc DC
Figure B5. Example of shutdown procedure (7.5) (9.5)
60

Table D1. Changes between MS 1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision) (concluded)
1
MS 1837 : 2010
Clause No.
Annex C (informative)
Maintenance Annex C (informative)
requirements Maintenance requirements
C1. Safety C1 Safety - -
C2. Periodic C2. Periodic maintenance - -

maintenance
C3. Operation and C3. Operation and - -

maintenance maintenance procedures
procedures
MS 1837:2010
61
Acknowledgements
Members of Technical Committee on Renewable Energies
Ir Ahmad Hadri Haris (Chairman) Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
Mr Mohammad Nazmin Noh (Secretary) SIRIM Berhad
Ir Wong Kian Lon Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
Mr Azman Ahmad Bank Pembangunan Malaysia Berhad

Mr Abdul Nasir Adnan Core Competencies Sdn Bhd
Mr Mohd Rashdan Topa Department of Environment
Mr Mokhtar Mat Min Felda Palm Industries Sdn Bhd
Dr Wan Asma Ibrahim Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Mr Sivaganthan R.Jayasingam Malaysian Photovoltaic Industry Association
Mr Abdul Nasir Abdul Aziz National Solid Waste Management Department
Dr Chen Shiun Sarawak Energy Berhad
Ir Dr Ahmad Zainal Abidin SIRIM Berhad
(Renewable Energy Research Centre)
Ir Francis Xavier Jacob Suruhanjaya Tenaga
Mr Sansubari Che Mud Tenaga Nasional Berhad (Distribution Division)
Ir Kok Yen Kwan The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Mr Mohammed Azrin Ali TNB Research Sdn Bhd
Prof Ir Dr Abd Halim Shamsudin Universiti Tenaga Nasional

Acknowledgements (continued)
Members of Working Group on Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Assoc Prof Dr Sulaiman Shaari Universiti Teknologi MARA

(Chairman)
Mr Mohammad Nazmin Noh (Secretary) SIRIM Berhad
Ms Rozina Sudin Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

Mr Sivaganthan R.Jayasingam Malaysian Photovoltaic Industry Association
Ms Azah Ahmad Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
Mr Jeyaram Subramaniam/ Optimal Power Solutions Sdn Bhd
Ms Khairunnisa Shan
Mr Benjamin Tan Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd
Mr Goh Wei Chiun Sarawak Energy Berhad
Mr Hamdan Mokhtar SIRIM Berhad
(Renewable Energy Research Centre)
Mr Jamari Ibrahim Suruhanjaya Tenaga
Mr Yap Ching Kiat The Electrical and Electronics Association of
Malaysia
Mr Khairul Anuar Abd Aziz TNB Energy Services Sdn Bhd
Ms Suhaila Sepeai Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
(Solar Energy Research Institute)
Dr Jeyraj Selvaraj Universiti Malaya
Dr Naziha Ahmad Azli Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Assoc Prof Dr Ahmad Maliki Omar Universiti Teknologi MARA

© Copyright 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without
permission in writing from the Department of Standards Malaysia.

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MALAYSIAN MS 1837:2010

The Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA) is the national

The main function of STANDARDS MALAYSIA is to foster and promote standards,

Malaysian Standards (MS) are developed through consensus by committees which

STANDARDS MALAYSIA has appointed SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop,

For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:

Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

Tel: 60 3 8318 0002 Tel: 60 3 5544 6000

E-mail: central@standardsmalaysia.gov.my E-mail: msonline@sirim.my

Committee representation ......................................................................................................... iii

3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................... 2

4 General requirements ...................................................................................................... 7

6 Wiring requirements ....................................................................................................... 15

7 Component requirements .............................................................................................. 17

9 Marking requirements .................................................................................................... 20

Table 1 Current rating of PV array circuits ........................................................................ 17

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a grid-connected PV system (single phase)……………..…9

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a grid-connected PV system (three phase)…….........…...10

Figure 3 PV string wiring with minimum loop area ............................................................. 15

Figure B1 Example of sign required on PV array connection box (9.2) ............................... 26

Figure B4 Example of fire emergency information sign required on the main

Figure B5 Example of shutdown procedure (9.5) ................................................................. 28

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved i

Annex A Characteristics of PV arrays................................................................................. 24

Annex B Examples of signs ................................................................................................ 26

Annex C Maintenance requirements................................................................................... 29

Annex D Changes between MS1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First revision) ................. 31

ii © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Malaysian Association of Standards Users

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved iii

This Malaysian Standard is the first revision of MS 1837, Installation of grid-connected

Major modifications in this revision are as follows:

a) incorporation of new clauses on “Terms and definitions”;

b) incorporation of new figures on “General requirements” in Clause 4;

c) incorporation of new requirements on “Over-voltage protection” in 5.8;

d) incorporation of new requirement on “PV array and PV sub-array connection boxes” in

e) incorporation of new requirement on “Fuses” in 7.5; and

f) incorporation of Annex D on “Changes between MS 1837:2005 and MS 1837:2010 (First

This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 1837:2005.

iv © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2010 - All rights reserved

INSTALLATION OF GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM

positive and negative conductors or up to ± 1 000 V with respect to earth.

1. This includes the following PV array configurations:

a) single string of modules;

b) multi-string PV array; and

c) PV array divided into several sub-arrays.

The objective of this standard is to provide guidelines on grid-connected PV system

a) uninformed persons, including owner(s)/occupier(s) and users of the premises where

MS 589, Specification for 13 A plugs, socket-outlets, adaptors and connection units

MS 1992, Electronic equipment for use in power installations

MS IEC 60364, Electrical installation of buildings

MS IEC 60364-7-712, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712: Requirements for

MS IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)

MS IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Limits for harmonic current

MS IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards -

MS IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards -

Emission standard for industrial environments

MS IEC 61727, Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Characteristics of the utility interface

MS IEC 62305-1, Protection against lightning - Part 1: General principles

3 Terms and definitions