Gate Solved Paper - Ce: General Aptitude

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - CE

2014-2
General Aptitude
Q. 1 - Q. 5 Carry one mark each.

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Q. 1
following sentence. .n
Choose the most appropriate word fro the options given below to complete the
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A person suffering from Alzheimer’s disease short-term memory loss.
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(A) experienced
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(C) is experiencingi (B) has experienced
(D) experiences
Q. 2
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Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
in
following sentence.
____________ is the key to their happiness; they are satisfied with what
they have.
ng
(A) Contentment (B) Ambition
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(C) Perseverance (D) Hunger
Q. 3
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Which of the following options is the closest in meaning to the sentence below?
“As a woman, I have no country.”
.E
(A) Women have no country.
(B) Women are not citizens of any country.
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(C) Women’s solidarity knows no national boundaries.
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(D) Women of all countries have equal legal rights.
Q. 4
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In any given year, the probability of an earthquake greater than Magnitude 6
occurring in the Garhwal Himalayas is 0.04. The average time between successive
occurrences of such earthquakes is ____ years.
Q. 5 The population of a new city is 5 million and is growing at 20% annually. How
many years would it take to double at this growth rate?
(A) 3-4 years (B) 4-5 years
(C) 5-6 years (D) 6-7 years
Q. 6 - Q. 10 Carry two marks each.

Q. 6 In a group of four children, Som is younger to Riaz. Shiv is elder to Ansu. Ansu is
youngest in the group. Which of the following statements is/are required to find
the eldest child in the group? Statements
1. Shiv is younger to Riaz.
2. Shiv is elder to Som.
(A) Statement 1by itself determines the eldest child.
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - CE 2014-2
(B) Statement 2 by itself determines the eldest child.

(C) Statements 1 and 2 are both required to determine the eldest child.
(D) Statements 1 and 2 are not sufficient to determine the eldest child.
Q. 7 Moving into a world of big data will require us to change our thinking about the
merits of exactitude. To apply the conventional mindset of measurement to the
digital, connected world of the twenty-first century is to miss a crucial point. As
mentioned earlier, the obsession with exactness is an artefact of the information-
et
deprived analog era. When data was sparse, every data point was critical, and
thus great care was taken to avoid letting any point bias the analysis.
.n
From “BIG DATA” Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier
ng
The main point of the paragraph is:
(A) The twenty-first century is a digital world
ri
(B) Big data is obsessed with exactness
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(C) Exactitude is not critical in dealing with big data
(D) Sparse data leads to a bias in the analysis
Q. 8
in
The total exports and revenues from the exports of a country are given in the two
ng
pie charts below. The pie chart for exports shows the quantity of each item as a
percentage of the total quantity of exports. The pie chart for the revenues shows
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the percentage of the total revenue generated through export of each item. The
total quantity of exports of all the items is 5 lakh tonnes and the total revenues
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are 250 crore rupees. What is the ratio of the revenue generated through export
of Item 1 per kilogram to the revenue generated through export of Item 4 per
E
kilogram?
.
w
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(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1
(C) 1 : 4 (D) 4 : 1
Q. 9 X is 1 km northeast of Y. Y is 1 km southeast of Z. W is 1 km west of Z. P is 1 km

south of W. Q is 1 km east of P. What is the distance between X and Q in km?
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 2
Q. 10 10% of the population in a town is HIV+ . A new diagnostic kit for HIV detection
is available; this kit correctly identifies HIV+ individuals 95% of the time, and
HIV− individuals 89% of the time. A particular patient is tested using this kit and

is found to be positive. The probability that the individual is actually positive is

_______
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
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Civil Engineering
Q. 1 - Q. 25 Carry one mark each.

Q. 1 A fair (unbiased) coin was tossed four times in succession and resulted in the
following outcomes : (i) Head, (ii) Head, (iii) Head, (iv) Head. The probability of
obtaining a ‘Tail’ when the coin is tossed again is
(A) 0
(C) 4/5
et (B) 1/2
(D) 1/5
Sol. 1
.
Correct option is (B).n
g
Every time a coin is tossed, its out come are independent of the previous outcomes.
n
=1
ri
It may either result into a heads or a tails. So No. of favorable events (i.e. Tails)
So,
ee
Total No. of outcomes (i.e. Head or Tail) = 2
Probability = 1
in R
S0 1 2 3W
2
V
Q. 2
ng
The determinant of matrix S
S1 0 3 0W
S2 3 0 1W
W is _____
Sol. 2
ye
Correct answer is 88
S3 0 1 2W
T X
as 0 1 2 3
1 0 3 0
.E 2 3 0 1
3 0 1 2
w C1 C 2 C 3 C 4
w
Determinant can be solved by calculating
w
0 3 0 1 3 0 1 0 0
0 3 0 1 −1 2 0 1 +2 2 3 1 −3 2 3 0
0 1 2 3 1 2 3 0 2
1 0 3
3 0 1
or by doing column transformation as shown. Column transformation will not
change the value of determinant So C 3 " C 3 − 2C2 & C 4 " C 4 − 3C2 given
0 1 0 0
1 0 3 0
2 3 −6 −8
3 0 1 2
Solving determinant by taking row 1 (It has more no of 0)
0 3 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 3
So 0 3 − 6 − 8 − 1 2 − 6 − 8 + 0 2 3 −8 − 0 2 3 −6
0 1 2 3 1 2 3 0 2 3 0 1
=− 1 ^1 # ^− 12 + 8h − 3 ^4 + 24h + 0 ^2 + 18hh
=− 1 ^− 4 − 84h = 88
Q. 3 z = 2 − 3i can be expressed as
−5 + i
(A) − 0.5 − 0.5i (B) − 0.5 + 0.5i
(C) 0.5 − 0.5i (D) 0.5 + 0.5i

Sol. 3 Correct option is (B).

z = 2 − 3i
−5 + i
Simplifying this by multiplying & dividing term with conjugate of denominator
^2 − 3i h^− 5 − i h
z =
^− 5 + i h^− 5 − i h
^2 h # ^− 5h − 2i + 15i + 3 ^ i h2
z = ^â − b hâ + b h = a2 − b2h
^− 5h2 − ^ i h2
z = − 10 + 13i − 3 = − 13 + 13i _ − 1 = i ; i2 =− 1i
25 − ^− 1h 26
e
2 2t
z =− 1 + 1 i =− 0.5 + 0.5i
Q. 4
.n
The integrating factor for the differential equation dP + k2 P = k1 Lo e−k t is 1
dt
(A) e−k t
g (B) e−k t
1 2
(C) ek t1
in (D) ek t 2
Sol. 4 Correct option is (D).

Given equation
er
ne dP + k P = k L e−k t 1
i
2 1 0
dt
g
The given equation is a linear differential equation of the form
en dy
dx
+ Ay = B
Where A & B are functions of ^x h, IF = e # Adx

...(1)
sy
Similarly comparing here with equation (1)
a A = k2 & B = k1 L 0 e−k t 1
So
.E Integrating factor = e # Adt = e # k dt = ek t
2 2
If "x , is a continuous, real valued random variable defined over the interval
w
Q. 5
^− 3, + 3h and its occurrence is defined by the density function given as

w
: f ^x h =
random 2π * b
1 1 x−a
e 2a b k where ‘a ’ and ‘b’ are the statistical attributes of the
2
w
variable "x , . The value of the integral
#
a 1 1 x−a
e 2a b k dx is
2
−3 2π * b
(A) 1 (B) 0.5
(C) π (D) π/2
1 x−a
#− 3 2π1# b e− 2a b k dx
a 2
=?
Let 1 x−a = t for simplification of integration

2 b
So differentiating both sides
dx = dt & dx = 2 dt # (b) ...(1)
b 2
for change of limits when
a−a = 0 _
x=a t= 1 # bb
2 b
` ...(2)
x =− 3 t= 1 − 3 − a =− 3 b
# b
2 a

t2 = 1 a x − a k
2
& ...(3)
2 b
Substituting (1), (2) & (3) in
1 x−a
#
a 1 e− 2a b k dx
2
A=
−3 2π # b
= # e−t ^dt # 2 b h
0
1 2
e
A=
t −3
2
2π # b
# b # 0 e−t dt = 1 # 0 e−t dt
2 2
.n 2π # b − 3
dz = ^z h
dz
π −3
−1/2
g
Again t2 = z So 2tdt = dz & dt =
2t 2
t = 0; z = 0
t =− 3; z = ^− 3h2 = 3
in
So # er# A= 1
0
e−z dz ^z h−1/2 = 1
0
z−1/2 e−z dz
e # π 3 2 2 π 3
n b e−z z−1/2 dz = π l
0
= 1 # π = 1 = 0. 5
Q. 6
gi 2 π 2 3
Group I contains representative stress-strain curves as shown in the figure, while
e n
Group II gives the list of materials. Match the stress-strain curves with the
corresponding materials.
sy
Ea
.
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Group I Group II
P. Curve J 1. Cement paste
Q. Curve K 2. Coarse aggregate
R. Curve L 3. Concrete
(A) P-1; Q-3; R-2 (B) P-2; Q-3; R-1
(C) P-3; Q-1; R-2 (D) P-3; Q-2; R-1
Aggregate behave as linear elastic material and it has a straight line curve.
Concrete gives less strain as compared to cement past for same amount of applied
stress.
So,

Q. 7
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The first moment of area about the axis of bending for a beam cross-section is
(A) moment of inertia
.n (B) section modulus
(C) shape factor
ng (D) polar moment of inertia

Sol. 7
ri
Correct option is (B).
Section modulus Z is the first moment of area of beam cross section.
e
For example Plastic section modulus for rectangular beam cross section.
e
in
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as
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w
neutral axis + Area (DEFC) # distance of centroid of area from neutral axis
2
= b bd l # b d l + b bd l # d = bd
w 2 4 2 4 4
Polar moment of inertia Î p h, in cm , of a rectangular section having width,
w
4
Q. 8
b = 2 cm and depth, d = 6 cm is ______

Sol. 8 Correct answer is 40
If x , y , z are three mutually perpendicular direction.
Polar moment of inertia is the moment of inertia about axis perpendicular to

cross section i.e. Iz

I p = I z = I x + Iy
for rectangular cross section
3 3
Ix = bd , Iy = b d
12 12
here b = 2 m , d = 6 cm
3 3 3 3
So I p = Iz = 2 # 6 + 2 # 6 = 6 + 2 = 62 + 22 = 36 + 4
t
12 12 6 2
e
= 40 cm 4
Q. 9
.n
The target mean strength fcm for concrete mix design obtained from the
characteristic strength fck and standard deviation σ , as defined in IS : 456-2000, is
(A) fck + 1.35σ
ng (B) fck + 1.45σ
(C) fck + 1.55σ
ri (D) fck + 1.65σ
Sol. 9
ee
Correct option is (D).
Concrete cubes when tested for strength forms a normal distribution curve as
shown
in
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as
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w
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Characteristic strength is given by, concrete strength below which not more than
w
5% of test results fall
So from graph
f mean = fck + 1.65σ
where σ is standard deviation from mean.
Q. 10 The flexural tensile strength of M25 grade of concrete, in N/mm2 , as per IS :
456-2000 is _____.
Sol. 10 Correct answer is 3.5
According to IS 456 2000 flexural tensile strength is given as 0.7 fcx (clause
6.2.2) Here fck = 25
So Tensile Strength = 0.7 25 = 3.5
Q. 11 The modulus of elasticity, E = 5000 fck where fck is the characteristic compressive
strength of concrete, specified in IS : 456-2000 is based on
(A) tangent modulus (B) initial tangent modulus
(C) secant modulus (D) chord modulus
Stress strain curve for concrete is as shown below

ε e is elastic strain at A
et
ε i is inelastic strain at A
So slope of curve in the beginning of the stress strain curve (i.e. tangent to it) is
.n
known as initial tangent modulus and is given by Ec = 5000 fcx (Acc to IS 456
: 2000)
ng
Slope of OA is known as secant modulus Es .
Q. 12
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The static indeterminacy of the two-span continuous beam with an internal hinge,
shown below, is
ee
in
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Sol. 12
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Correct answer is 0
as
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Static indeterminacy “DS ” is the no. of unknown reactions in excess of available
So w
equilibrium equations.
DS = No. of unknown reactions – Available equilibrium equations
w = R−E
R = No. of unknown reaction = 1 (at B in vertical dir. due to
roller)
+ 1 (at C in vertical direction due to roller) + 2 (1 in horizontal
& 1 vertical direction at E due to hinged support)
R =4
E = No. of equilibrium equations
= 3 ^ΣFx = 0, ΣFy = 0, ΣFz = 0h + 1 ( ΣMD = 0 due to pin or hing
at D )
E =4
So DS = 4 − 4 = 0
or by Formula
DS = 3m + R − Rl − 3j
m = total number of member = 4

R = No. of reaction = 4
Rl = additional equation available = 1 ^MD = 0h
j = Total joints = 5 Â, B, C, D, E h
DS = 3 # 4 + 4 − 1 − 3 # 5
=0
Q. 13 As per Indian Standard Soil Classification System (IS : 1498-1970), an expression
t
for A-line is
(A) I p = 0.73 ^wL − 20h (B) I p = 0.70 ^wL − 20h
ne
(C) I p = 0.73 ^wL − 10h (D) I p = 0.70 ^wL − 10h
Sol. 13
g.
Correct option is (A).
in
As per (IS : 1498-1970) the line which separates silt fraction with clay fraction
is known as A-line and has the equation of IP = 0.73 ^WL − 20h in a plot b/w
r
plasticity index ÎP h and Liquid limit ^WL h
e
ne
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en
sy
Ea
.
w
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The portion below A-line is silt fraction & above is clay fraction.
Q. 14
w
The clay mineral primarily governing the swelling behavior of Black Cotton soil is
(A) Halloysite (B) Illite
(C) Kaolinite (D) Montmorillonite
Clay mineral montmorillonite is present in Black cotton soil which increases
in volume when absorbs water. It is composed of two silica and one gibbsite
(Alumina) sheet as shown

et
.n
ng
The inter layer bonding is due to weak vanderwall forces and surface area is also
large which is responsible for its swelling characteristic.
Q. 15
ri
The contact pressure for a rigid footing resting on clay at the centre and the edges
are respectively
ee
(A) maximum and zero (B) maximum and minimum
in
(C) zero and maximum (D) minimum and maximum
Sol. 15
ng
The contact pressure distribution for a rigid footing on a clay is as shown
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as
.E
w
w
w
Pressure is maximum at edges and minimum but not zero at centre.
Theoretically, it is uniform for flexible footing irrespective of type of soil.
Q. 16 A certain soil has the following properties : Gs = 2.71, n = 40% and w = 20% .
The degree of saturation of the soil (rounded off to the nearest percent) is ____

Given Gs = 2.71 (Specific Gravity)

n = 40% or n = 0.40 (ratio form) – porosity
w = 20% or w = 0.20 (ratio form) – water content
relation ship b/w void ratio e , Gs , w & Sr (Degree of saturation) is
e = wGs ...(1)
Sr
& e = n = 0.40 = 0.40 = 2
1 − n 1 − 0.40 0.60 3
Now from (1)
et Sr = wGs = 0.20 # 2.71 = 0.813
^2/3h
n
e
.
Expressing in percentage
g
Sr = 81.3%
n
Q. 17 A plane flow has velocity components u = Tx , v =− Ty and w = 0 along x , y and
i
z directions respectively, where T1 ^! 0h and T2 ^! 0h are constants having the
1 2
(A) T1 =− T2 er
dimension of time. The given flow is incompressible if
(B) T1 =−T2
(C) T1 = T2
ne (D) T1 = T2
2
Sol. 17
2
gi
en
Continuity equation is given as
2p 2^ρu h 2^ρv h 2^ρw h
y
+ + + =0
2t 2x 2y 2z
as
where ρ is density of fluid and u , v , w are velocity in x , y & z direction
.E
respectively.
But for plane incompressible flow ρ remain unchanged So
w 2u + 2v = 0
2x 2y
...(i)
w
So putting u = x &v=
T1
y
T2
in (i)
w 1 − 1 =0 &T =T
T1 T2 1 2
Q. 18 Group I lists a few devices while Group II provides information about their uses.
Match the devices with their corresponding use.
Group I Group II
P. Anemometer 1. Capillary potential of soil water
Q. Hygrometer 2. Fluid velocity at a specific point in the flow
stream
R. Pitot Tube 3. Water vapour content of air
S. Tensiometer 4. Wind speed
(A) P-1; Q-2; R-3; S-4 (B) P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3
(C) P-4; Q-2; R-1; S-3 (D) P-4; Q-3; R-2; S-1
Anemometer measures wind speed.
Hygrometer is used to measure humidity or water vapour content in air. Pitot
tube measures fluid velocity at a specific point in flow stream using bernoulli’s
equation.
Tensiometer measure capillary potential or soil suction in soil.

Q. 19 An isolated 3-h rainfall event on a small catchment produces a hydrograph peak

and point of inflection on the falling limb of the hydrograph at 7 hours and 8.5
hours respectively, after the start of the rainfall. Assuming, no losses and no
base flow contribution, the time of concentration (in hours) for this catchment is
approximately
(A) 8.5 (B) 7.0
(C) 6.5 (D) 5.5
Time of concentration is the time taken by water to flow from most remote
point, to a watershet outlet. For a small catchment, time of concentration is
et
approximately equal to Lag time.
Lag time, which is defined as the time from C.G of Rainfall excess to the peak of
.n
Hydrograph is : TL as shown in the Hydrograph.
Given
ng
Rainfall excess = 3 hr & Peak time = 7 hrs
ri
ee
in
ng
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as
From above lag time TL = 7 − 3 = 5.5 hrs
.E
2
& Here TC = TL = 5.5 hrs
Q. 20
w
The Muskingum model of routing a flood through a steam reach is expressed as
w
O2 = K 0 I2 + K1 I1 + K2 O1 , where K 0 , K1 and K2 are the routing coefficients for the
concerned reach, I1 and I2 are the inflows to the reach, and O1 and O2 are the
w
outflows from the reach corresponding to time steps 1 and 2 respectively. The
sum of K 0 , K1 and K2 of the model is
(A) − 1 (B) − 0.5
(C) 0.5 (D) 1
Muskingum model is used for channel Routing. According to muskingum model
Q 2 = K 0 I 2 + K1 I1 + K 2 Q1
K 0 , K1 & K2 being routing coefficients & K 0 + K1 + K2 = 1
If s is storage time coefficient & x is weighing factor, Tt is time interval.
0.5Tt − sx 0.5Tt + sx s ^1 − x h − 0.5Tt
K0 = K1 = K2 =
s ^1 − x h + 0.5Tt s ^1 − x h + 0.5Tt s ^1 − x h + 0.5Tt
Q. 21 The dominating microorganisms in an activated sludge process reactor are
(A) aerobic heterotrophs (B) anaerobic heterotrophs
(C) autotrophs (D) phototrophs

Activated sludge process is suspended growth technique for treatment of waste

water.
In activated sludge process wastewater containing organic matter is aerated in
an aeration basin in which microorganism metabolise the organic particles. These
microorganism act in presence of oxygen hence they are aerobic hetrotrophs.
Q. 22 The two air pollution control devices that are usually used to remove very fine
particles from the flue gas are
et
(A) Cyclone and Venturi Scrubber
(B) Cyclone and Packed Scrubber
.n
(C) Electrostatic Precipitator and Fabric Filter
g
(D) Settling Chamber and Tray Scrubber
n
Sol. 22
ri
Correct option is (C).
Electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters/baghouse are used to remove very fine
etc.
ee
particles like fly cash from fuel gases of the industries and municipal incinerators
in
Cyclone, Settling chamber & scrubber etc are used to remove relatively larger
Q. 23
particles.
ng
The average spacing between vehicles in a traffic stream is 50 m, then the density
e
(in veh/km) of the stream is _________
y
s
a
Vehicle density is the total number of vehicle in unit length of road.
E
Given spacing = 50 m
.
So 1 vehicle is there at every 50 m spacing.
w
So, η vehicles are there in 1 km or 1000 m length
w
η
So = 1000 & η = 1000 = 20 Veh
1 50 50
So
w
or Alternatively
density = 20 vehicle/km
K = Density = 1000 veh/km

s
where s is spacing in m
Density = 1000 = 20 veh/km
50
Q. 24 A road is being designed for a speed of 110 km/hr on a horizontal curve with
a super elevation of 8%. If the coefficient of side friction is 0.10, the minimum
radius of the curve (in m) required for safe vehicular movement is
(A) 115.0 (B) 152.3
(C) 264.3 (D) 528.5
Ruling minimum radius is given by
V2 2
R =
127 ê + f h
' from (f + e) = v 1 where v is in m/s
gr
& r is in m
Velocity in km/hr V = 110 km/hr

Ruling minimum radius, R =?

Super elevation in ratio, e = 0.08

Coefficient of lateral friction, f = 0.10
^110h2 ^110h2
So R = = = 529.3 m
127 ^0.08 + 0.10h 127 # 0.18
Nearest option is 528.5.
Q. 25 The survey carried out to delineate natural features, such as hills, rivers, forests
and man-made features, such as towns, villages, buildings, roads, transmission
lines and canals is classified as
(A) engineering survey (B) geological survey
Sol. 25
(C) land survey
et (D) topographic survey
.n
A topographical survey is defined as a survey which involves a map showing
village etc.
ng
general topography along with natural features like hills, rivers forest, town
ri
Land survey in addition to topographical survey also includes fixing property
e
lines.
e
Engineering survey is carried out for engg. works such as roads, railway reservoir
n
etc.
gi
en
Q. 26 - Q. 55 Carry two marks each.
The expression lim x − 1 is equal to

a
Q. 26
(A) log x
sy α"0 α
(B) 0
a
(C) x log x (D) 3
Sol. 26
.E
lim x − 1
a
wa"0 a
w
Putting limit a " 0 we get
x0 − 1 = 0 form
w 0 0
So L-hospital rule can be applied
2
^xa − 1h a
x0 log x
lim 2a 2 = lim x ln x =
2a â h
a"0 a"0 1 1
= log x
(here x is being treated like constant)
Q. 27 An observer counts 240 veh/h at a specific highway location. Assume that the
vehicle arrival at the location is Poisson distributed, the probability of having one
vehicle arriving over a 30 second time interval is _______
The probability of observing x events in a given interval for possion’s distribution
is
e− λ ^λhx
P ^X = x h =
x!
Where, λ is mean number of events per interval

Given mean volume = 240 vehicle/hr = 240 = 1 veh/ sec

60 # 60 15
So mean number of vehicle in 30 sec interval ^λh = 30 = 2
15
x = 1 (We have to find probability of one vehicle per 30 sec)
e−2 ^2 h1
So Probability P ^X = 1h = = 0.270
1!
R V
S 6 0 4 4W
Q. 28
et
The rank of the matrix S− 2 14 8 18W is ________
S 14 − 14 0 − 10W

.n T X
ng
Rank of a matrix A is defined as the number of linearly independent column
vectors of A or number of linearly independent row vectors of A.
ri
No. of linearly independent Row = No. of linearly independent column
R 6 4VW− R1
Here Given
ee S 0 4
A = S− 2 14 8 18W− R2
S 14 − 14 0 − 18W− R
in
Applying row transformations
T X
3
ng R 6 0 4
S
R 3 " R 3 + R2 S− 2 14 8 18W− R2
4VW− R1
ye S 12 0 8
TR 6 0 4
0W− R 3
4XVW
as S
R 3 " R 3 − 2R1 S− 2 14 8 18W
S 0 0 0 0W
.E T
Two rows are linearly independent So Rank = 2 .
X
Q. 29
w
Water is flowing at a steady rate through a homogeneous and saturated horizontal
w
soil strip of 10 m length. The strip is being subjected to a constant water head
^H h of 5 m at the beginning and 1 m at the end. If the governing equation of flow
w
in the soil strip is ddxH = 0 (where x is the distance along the soil strip), the value
2
of H în m h at the middle of the strip is _______

Given governing equation of flow
d 2H = 0 ...(1)
dx2
x is distance along strip and H is head at x
Given boundary condition at starting
x =0 H=5
at end x = 10 H=1
integrating eq (1)
2
# ddxH dx 2 = # 0 dx
dH = C (C1 is constant)
1
dx
Again integrating # # 1
dH dx = C dx
dx
H + C 2 = C1 x ...(2)
C2 is any constant

Putting boundary condition in (2)

5 + C2 = C1 # 0 & C2 =− 5
1 + ]− 5g = C1 # 10 & C1 =− 0.4
So Now eq (2) is H − 5 =− 0.4x
Now at x = 5 ; H − 5 =− 0.4 # 5
So H = 5−2 = 3m
Q. 30 The values of axial stress ^σ h in kN/m2 , bending moment ^M h in kNm, and shear
force ^V h in kN acting at point P for the arrangement shown in the figure are
respectively.
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
(A) 1000, 75 and 25 (B) 1250, 150 and 50
ng
(C) 1500, 225 and 75 (D) 1750, 300 and 100
Sol. 30
ye
as
.E
w
w
w
The cable has uniform tension 50 kN over its length due to hanging mass of 50 kN
mass
Resultant forces on beam
So stress in cross section σ = force = 50 kN = 1250 km/m2

Area 0.2 # 0.2
Shear force at P Fs = 50 kN
Moment at P , M = 50 # PQ = 50 # 3 = 150 kNm
Q. 31 The beam of an overall depth 250 mm (shown below) is used in a building
subjected to two different thermal environments. The temperatures at the top
and bottom surfaces of the beam are 36cC and 72cC respectively. Considering

coefficient of thermal expansion ^αh as 1.50 # 10−5 per cC , the vertical deflection
of the beam (in mm) at its mid-span due to temperature gradient is _____.
et
Given
.n
g
top surface temperature = 36cC
n
i
Bottom surface temp = 72cC
r
ee
‘α ’ is coefficient of thermal expansion
= 1.50 # 10−5 per cC & Length of beam L = 3 m
So,
in
ng
Average change in temperature,
T = 72 − 36 = 36 = 18cC
e
2 2
y
Now, average change in length of beam
&
as TL = L αT
Strain, ε 0 = L αT = αt ...(i)
E
L
.
So, By pure bending equation
M =f =E
w I y R
w
So curvature 1 = f 1 = ε0
R b E ly y
...(ii)
w f
c E = Young\s modulus = Strain = ε 0 m
By properly of circle, deflection δ is given by
Stress
2
δ = L
8R
Using (i) & (ii) we get
^3h2 ^ε 0h ^3h2 ^1.50 # 10−5 # 18h
δ = =
8 # ^y h 8 # ^0.250/2h
−3
= 2.43 # 10 m
in mm deflection = 2.43 mm
Q. 32 The axial load (in kN) in the member PQ for the arrangement/assembly shown
in the figure given below is______


et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
ng
Applying slope deflection method and assuming numbers to be inextensible
ye
for QR fix end momentMQR F
=− wL =− 160 # 4 =− 80 kNm
s
8 8
a
fix end moment M RQ =+ wL = 160 # 4 =+ 80 kNm
F
8 8
.E
Slope deflection equation
MQR = MQR F
+ 2EI ^2θQ + θ Rh
w L
=− 80 + 2EI ^2θQ h
w 4
(R is fixed So θ R = 0 )
w
& MQR = 0 θQ = 80
EI ^Q is hingedh ...(i)
Similarly MRQ = M RQF

+ 2EI ^2θ R + θQ h
L
4 b EI l
= 80 + 2 EI 80 = 120 kNm (from (1))
FBD for Beam QR
Let R1 force act at Q

So ΣMR =0
R1 # 4 − 160 # 2 + 120 =0
R1 = 50 kN
Axial force is equal to R1 = 50 kN in PQ by equilibrium.

Q. 33 Considering the symmetry of a rigid frame as shown below, the magnitude of

the bending moment (in kNm) at P (preferably using the moment distribution
method) is
et
.n
ng
(A) 170
ri (B) 172
Sol. 33
(C) 176
ee
(D) 178
in
ng
ye
as
.E
w
w
Span RU is uniformly loaded and span RP & PU one equal in length so joint P
will act as fixed with θ P = 0 as shown
w
Span RP , Fix end moment at R
2 2
F
M RP =− wl =− 24 # 8 =− 128
12 12
2
Fix end moment at P , M PRF
= wl = 128
12
So slope deflection eqn for RP
2E ^4IC h
L ^ R
MRP = M RPF
+ 2θ + θ P h
=− 128 + 8EIC # ^2θ Rh

8
=− 128 + 2EIC θ R ...(i)
2E ^4IC h
L ^ P
MPR = M PR
F
+ 2θ + θ Rh
= 128 + 8EIC ^θ Rh ...(ii)

8

for RQ M RQF
=0 MRQ = 2EIC # ^2θ R + θQ h = 2EIC θ R ...(iii)
6 3
Equilibrium eq Now ΣMR = 0
MRP + MRQ = 0 − 128 + b 2EIC + 2EIC l θ R = 0
3
θ R = 48 ...(iv)
EIC
putting (iv) in (ii)
MPR = 128 + 8EIC b 48 l = 176 kNm is moment at P
8 EIC
Q. 34 A prismatic beam (as shown below) has plastic moment capacity of M p , then the
t
collapse load P o f the beam is
ne
g.
in
er
2M p
ne 4M p
i
(A) (B)
L L
(C)
6M p
L
ng (D)
8M p
L
Sol. 34
ye
as
.E
w
w
w
The collapse of beam will take place by formation of plastic hing below load P .
By kinematic method of plastic analysis, deflected beam shape is
So T 1 = θ # L = θL & T 2 = θ # L = θL
2 2 3 3
So internal work done = External work done
MP ^2θh = P # ^T 1h − P ^T 2h
2
(− ve sign for T 2 because it is opposite to direction

of P/2)
So MP # ^2θh = P # θL − P # θL
2 2 3
2MP = PL # b 2 l
6
So P = 6MP
L
Q. 35 The tension (in kN) in a 10 m long cable, shown in the figure, neglecting its self-
weight is
et
.n
ng
ri
(A) 120
ee (B) 75
(C) 60
in (D) 45
Sol. 35
ng
ye
as
.E
w
Total length of cable = 10 m
So
w PR = QR = 5 m
Both the portion of cable will have uniform tension say ‘T ’
Now w y2 = PR2 − RS 2
y = 52 − 32 = 4 m
FBD (free body diagram) for cable at R
breaking into components
So Σy = 0 & 2T sin θ = 120

T = 120 = 120
2 sin θ 2 # ^4/5h
So T = 75 kN

Q. 36 For the state of stresses (in MPa) shown in the figure below, the maximum shear
stress (in MPa) is

et
.n
If σ 1 & σ 2 are principle stresses.
ng σ + σy
σ 1, σ 2 = x
2
! a
σx − σy 2
2 k ^ xy h
+ τ 2
i
For the static of stress
r
ee
in
ng
ye
σ x =− 2 ,
as σy = 4, τ xy = 4
.E
σ 1, σ 2 = − 2 + 4 ! −2 − 4 2 + 4 2
2 b 2 l ^ h
So w = 1 ! 9 + 16 = 1 ! 5
σ 1 = 6 MPa & σ 2 =− 4 MPa
w
Maximum shear stress, τ max = σ 1 − σ 2 =
6 − ^− 4h
Q. 37 w 2 2
= 5 MPa
An infinitely long slope is made up of a c − ϕ soil having the properties : cohesion
^c h = 20 kPa , and dry unit weight ^γ d h = 16 kN/m3 . The angle of inclination and
critical height of the slope are 40c and 5 m , respectively. To maintain the limiting
equilibrium, the angle of internal friction of the soil (in degrees) is _____
Given c = 20 kPa γ d = 16 kN/m3
Critical Height HC = 5 m & angle of slope, i = 40c
Angle of internal friction φ = ??
So for c − φ soil factor of safety
c + σ tan φ cos2 i ^Resisting Momenth
F =
σ cos i sin i ^Driving momenth
c + γ d z tan φ cos2 i
σ = γz F = ...(i)
σ cos i sin i
for equilibrium F = 1 & z = HC eq (1) becomes
So HC = c putting values
γ ^tan i − tan φh cos2 i

5= 20
16 ^tan 40 − tan φh cos2 40
tan 40 − tan φ = 0.42
tan φ = 0.83 − 0.42 = 0.41
φ = tan−1 ^0.41h = 22.73
Q. 38 Group I enlists in-situ field tests carried out for soil exploration, while Group II
et
provides a list of parameters for sub-soil strength characterization. Match the
type of tests with the characterization parameters.
Group I
.n Group II
Menard’s modulus Êm h
P.
ng
Pressuremeter Test (PMT) 1.
Number of blows ^N h
i
Q. Static Cone Penetration Test (SCPT) 2.
S.
er
R. Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
Vane Shear Test (VST)
3.
4.
Skin resistance ^ f c h
Undrained cohesion ^cu h
ne
(A) P-1; Q-3; R-2; S-4 (B) P-1; Q-2; R-3; S-4
gi
(C) P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1 (D) P-4; Q-1; R-2; S-3
n
Sol. 38
• Pressuremeter test gives the Menard’s modulus Êm h which is used for
ye
calculation of settlement of foundation.
• Standard cone Penetration test can also be used to determine skin friction ^ fc h
as
by tension load cell attached to the apparatus.
.E
• In standard Penetration test number of blow required to advance the sampler
tube into the soil for 30 cm is measured.
w
• Vane shear test measures the in site shear strength of soil, which is used to
calculate undrained cohesion. (cv )
Q. 39 w
A single vertical friction pile of diameter 500 mm and length 20 m is subjected to a
w
vertical compressive load. The pile is embedded in a homogeneous sandy stratum
where: angle of internal friction ^ϕh = 30c, dry unit weight ^γ d h = 20 kN/m3 and
angle of wall friction ^δ h = 2ϕ/3 . Considering the coefficient of lateral earth
pressure ^K h = 2.7 and the bearing capacity factor ^Nq h = 25 , the ultimate
bearing capacity of the pile (in kN) is _____
Given
diameter of pile d = 500 mm = 0.5 m
Length L = 20 m ; internal friction φ = 30c;
dry unit weight γ d = 20
2φ 2 # 30
Angle of wall friction δ = = = 20c
3 3
Lateral earth friction k = 2.7 ; Bearing capacity factor Nq = 25
Ultimate load bearing capacity of pile
= Point Bearing + Skin friction
= A p S p + As Ss
A p = cross sectional area of pile = π # ^d h2 = π # ^0.5h2 = 0.196 m2
4 4

As = Lateral area of pile = πdL = π # 0.5 # 20 = 31.4 m2

S p = Point Bearance per unit area
= σ Nq = γ d LNq = 20 # 20 # 25 = 10000 kN/m2
Ss = Skin friction per unit area = 1 kσ tan δ
2
= 1 # ^2.7h^20 # 20h tan 20
2
= 196.54 kN/m2
So Point Bearance = A p S p = 0.1962 # 10000 = 1962 kN
Skin friction = As Ss = 31.4 # 196.54 = 6171.356 kN
e
q 0 = As Ss = 6171.356 kN
t
It is sandy soil point bearance can be neglected so ultimate load bearing capacity
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
ng
Q. 40
ye
A circular rate foundation of 20 m diameter and 1.6 m thick is provided for
as
a tank that applies a bearing pressure of 110 kPa on sandy soil with Young’s
modulus, Esl= 30 MPa and Poisson’s ratio, vs = 0.3 . The raft is made of concrete
( Ec = 30 GPa
.E
and vc = 0.15 ). Considering the raft as rigid, the elastic settlement (in mm) is
(A) 50.96 (B) 53.36
w
(C) 63.72 (D) 66.71
Sol. 40 w
w
Elastic settlement or immediate settlement for a foundation is given as
qB ^1 − ν s2h
Si = I
Es
where
‘q ’ is bearing pressure of soil = 110 kPa = 110 # 10−3 N/mm2
‘B ’ is width of footing = 20 m = 20 # 103 mm
‘ ν s ’ is poission’s raho for soil = 0.3
‘Es ’ is elastic modulus for soil = 30 MPa or 30 N/mm2
Is is influence factor for rigid circular; Is = 0.8
110 # 10−3 # 20 # 103 ^1 − 0.3h2
So Settlement Si ^mmh = # 0.8
30
= 53.38 mm
Q. 41 A horizontal nozzle of 30 mm diameter discharges a steady jet of water into
the atmosphere at a rate of 15 litres per second. The diameter of inlet to the
nozzle is 100 mm . The jet impinges normal to a flat stationary plate held close
to the nozzle end. Neglecting air friction and considering the density of water as

1000 kg/m3 , the force exerted by the jet (in N) on the plate is ________
By impulse momentum theorem, force exerted by jet on the plate is,
F = ρ 1 Q1 V1 − ρ 2 Q2 V2
ρ 1 , Q1 , V1 are initial density, discharge & velocity respectively at outlet of nozzel
& ρ 2 , Q2 , V2 are final density, discharge & velocity respectively at plate
Here ρ 1 = ρ 2 = 1000 kg/m3
et
Q1 = 15 lt/s = 15 # 10−3 m3 /s
−3
n
Q
V1 = 1 = π15 # 10 2 = 21.22 m/s
4 # ^0.03h
g. A1
(A1 is area of outlet of Nozzel)
in Q2 = 15 # 10−3 m3 /s
er V2 = 0
(water strikes on plate & looses its velocity)
So
ne Force F = ρ 1 Q1 V1 − ρ 2 Q2 V2 = ρQ ^V1 − V2h
gi = 1000 # 15 # 10−3 ^21.22 − 0h

= 318.30 N
Q. 42
en
A venturimeter having a throat diameter of 0.1 m is used to estimate the flow
sy
rate of a horizontal pipe having a diameter of 0.2 m . For an observed pressure
difference of 2 m of water head and coefficient of discharge equal to unity, assuming
Ea
that the energy losses are negligible, the flow rate (in m3 /s ) through the pipe is
approximately equal to
.
(A) 0.500 (B) 0.150
w
(C) 0.050 (D) 0.015
Sol. 42
w
Discharge of flow through a venturimeter is given by
w q =
Cd # a1 a2 2gh
a 12 − a 22
Where pressure difference or head, h = 2 m , Cd is coefficient of discharge Cd = 1.
a1 is pipe cross sectional area
a1 = πd 1 = π # ^0.2h2 = 0.031 m2
2
So,
4 4
a2 is throat cross sectional area
So, a2 = π ^d2h2 = π # ^0.1h2
4 4
a2 = 0.0078 m2
g = 9.81 m2 /s
So q = 1 # 0.031 # 0.0078 # 2 # 9.81 # 2
0.0312 − 0.00782
= 0.050 m3 /s
Q. 43 A rectangular channel of 2.5 m width is carrying a discharge of 4 m3 /s . Considering
that acceleration due to gravity as 9.81 m/s2 , the velocity of flow (in m/s)
corresponding to the critical depth (at which the specific energy is minimum) is
_______.


Given a rectangular channel with discharge, Q = 4 m3 /s and width, b = 2.5 m
et
Now discharge per unit width
.n ‘q ’ =
Q
= 4 = 1. 6 m 2 /s
g b 2. 5
n
Critical depth yC is given by
i
r q2 1/3 2 1/3
yC = c m = b 1.6 l = 0.639 m
ee
For depth = yC & width = 2.5 m
g 9. 8
in
Let velocity at section be Vm /s
discharge = 4 m3 /s (by continuity)
So,
ng AV = Q
e V = 4 = 2.50 m/s
^0.639 # 2.5h
Q. 44
sy
Irrigation water is to be provided to a crop in a field to bring the moisture
content of the soil from the existing 18% to the field capacity of the soil at 28% .
a
The effective root zone of the crop is 70 cm . If the densities of the soil and water
.E
are 1.3 g/cm3 and 1.0 g/cm3 respectively, the depth of irrigation water (in mm)
required for irrigating the crop is _____
Sol. 44 w
Correct answer is 91
w
Depth of water required to be supplied is given by
γ d d ^FC − m 0h
w dw =
γw
d = depth of root zone = 70 cm
γd = unit weight of soil = ρ d # g = 1.3g ^ρ d = 1.3 g/cm3h
γw = unit weight of water = ρ w # g = 1g ^ρ w = 1 g/cm3h
FC = Field capacity of soil = 28% = 0.28
(g is acceleration due to gravity)
m 0 = existing moisture content = 18% = 0.18
1.39g # 70 # ^0.28 − 0.18h
So dw = = 9.1 cm
g#1
Expressing dw in mm, dw = 91 mm .
Q. 45 With reference to a standard Cartesian ^x, y h plane, the parabolic velocity
distribution profile of fully developed laminar flow in x -direction between two
parallel, stationary and identical plates that are separated by distance, h , is given
by the expression

8μ dx :
1 − 4a k D
dp y 2
u =− h
h
In this equation, the y = 0 axis lies equidistant between the plates at a distance
h/2 from the two plates, p is the pressure variable and μ is the dynamic viscosity
term. The maximum and average velocities are, respectively
2
dp
(A) u max =− h and u average = 2 u max
8μ dx 3
2
dp
(B) u max = h and u average = 2 u max
8μ dx
(C) u max =− h
2
dp
et 3
and u average = 3 u max

8μ dx
.n 8
g
2
dp
(D) u max = h and u average = 3 u max
8μ dx
n
8
Sol. 45
ri
Given parabolic velocity distribution
ee 2
U =− h dP :1 − 4 a k D
8μ dx
y 2
h
in y = 0 to y = h/2 (where h = distance b/w plates)
ng
by putting y = 0 we get maximum value of U .
2 2 2
So maximum velocity U max =− h dP ;1 − 4 b 0 l E =− h dP ...(1)
ye 8μ dx h 8μ dx
as
.E
w
w
w
Taking an element of dy thickness and unit width at a distance of y from centre
in velocity profile.
Qav = # UdA = 2 # − h dP ;1 − 2 E^dy # 1h

h/2 2
4y2
discharge
0 8μ dx h
2 3 h/2 2
=− h dP ;y − 2 E =− h dP :h − h D
4y
4μ dx 3h 0 4μ dx 2 6
3
=− h dP
12μ dx
2
Q Qav Q
Uav = average velocity = av = = av =− h dP ...(ii)
12μ dx
# dA 2 # dy # 1 h
h/2
0
From (1) & (2)
Uav = 2 U max
3
Q. 46 A suspension of sand like particles in water with particles of diameter 0.10 mm and
below is flowing into a settling tank at 0.10 m3 /s . Assume g = 9.81 m/s2 , specific
gravity of particles = 2.65 , and kinematic viscosity of water = 1.0105 # 10−2 cm2 /s
. The minimum surface area (in m2 ) required for this settling tank to remove
particles of size 0.06 mm and above with 100% efficiency is ______.

Given S.G. of particles = 2.65 = G

Q = discharge of flow into settling tank = 0.10 m3 /s
Kinematic viscosity = ν = 1.0105 # 10−2 cm2 /s = 1.0105 # 10−6 m2 /s
Particle size to be removed,
d = 0.06 mm = 0.06 # 10−3 m
So. by stokes law settling velocity for the particles is given by
g ^G − 1h d
2
V =
18 ν
9.81 # ^2.65 − 1h^0.06 # 10−3h2
=
18 # ^1.0105 # 10−6h
So
et
V = 3.20 # 10−3 m/s
So overflow rate
.n V =
Q
A
(where A is area of settling tank)
So
n
A=g Q
=
0.10 m3 /s
= 31.25 m2
So
ri V 3.20 # 10−3 m/s
Area = 31.25 m2
Q. 47
ee
A surface water treatment plant operates round the clock with a flow rate of
in
35 m3 / min . The water temperature is 15cC and jar testing indicated an alum
dosage of 25 mg/l with flocculation at a Gt value of 4 # 10 4 producing optimal
is _____.
ng
results. The alum quantity required for 30 days (in kg) of operation of the plant
Sol. 47
ye
Correct answer is 37800.
s
Given Flow rate = 35 m3 /min = 35 # 103 lt/ min
a Alum dosage = 25 mg/lt
.E
Time = 30 days = 30 # 60 # 24 min
So
w
Alum dosage in mg for 30 days
‘M ’ = ^35 # 103h # ^25h # ^30 # 60 # 24h
w ‘M ’ = 3.78 # 1010 mg
w Dosage in kg, M = 3.78 # 1010 # 10−6 = 37800 kg
Gt value is nowhere to be used.
Q. 48 An effluent at a flow rate of 2670 m3 /d from a sewage treatment plant is to be
disinfected. The laboratory data of disinfection studies with a chlorine dosage of
15 mg/l yield the model Nt = N 0 e−0.145t where Nt = number of micro-organisms
surviving at time t (in min) and N 0 = number of micro-organisms present initially
(at t = 0 ). The volume of disinfection unit (in m3 ) required to achieve a 98% kill
of micro-organisms is _____
Disinfection studies with 15 m/lt chlorine dosage yielded the model
Nt = N 0 e−0.145t ...(1)
where Nt = number of micro organism remaining
N 0 = initial number of micro organism
So if 98% micro organism are killed, only 2% are remaining
So if Initially 100 micro organism were there i.e. N 0 = 100

So Nt = 2
Suppose this reduction from 100 to 2% micro organism took ‘t ’ min Using (1)
2 = 100e−0.145t
ln 2 = ^ln e h # ^− 0.145 # t h
100
− 3.91 = 1 # ^− 0.145 # t h
So t = 26.96 mm = 26.96 days
t
60 # 24
ne
Q = efficient flow rate = 2670 m3 /days
So Volume of unit required = Q # t = 2670 # 26.96 = 49.98 m3
So
g.
Volume of unit - 50 m3
60 # 24
in
A waste water stream (flow = 2 m3 /s , ultimate BOD = 90 mg/l ) is joining a
r
Q. 49
small river (flow = 12 m3 /s , ultimate BOD = 5 mg/l ). Both water streams get
ee
mixed up instantaneously. Cross-sectional area of the river is 50 m2 . Assuming
the de-oxygenation rate constant, kl = 0.25/day , the BOD (in mg/l) of the river
in
water, 10 km downstream of the mixing point is
(A) 1.68
(C) 15.46
ng (B) 12.63
(D) 1.37
Sol. 49
ye
as
When a wastewater with Qw discharge & Lw , BOD mixes with fresh water stream
with Qs discharge & Ls , BOD . Resultant BOD is given by
E
Q L + Qs Ls
BOD avg = L 0 = w w
. Q w + Qs
Here
w Qw = 2 m3 /s ; Qs = 12 m3 /s ; Lw = 90 mg/lt ; Ls = 5 mg/lt
L 0 = 2 # 90 + 12 # 5 = 17.14 mg/lt
So
w 2 + 12
w
Now lets suppose the mixture moves to downstream with combined discharge
Qw + Qs = 14 m3 /s .
Cross sectional area of rive = 50 m2
So Velocity of flow
= 14 = 0.28 m/s = 0.28 # 18 = 1.008 km/hr
50 5
t = time required to reach 10 km downstream
= 10 = 9.92 hr = 9.92 = 0.413 days
1.008 24
Given Deoxygenation constant K = 0.25/day
Remaining BOD L = L 0 e−kt
L = 17.14 # e−0.25 # 0.413 = 15.458 mg/lt
Q. 50 In a Marshall sample, the bulk specific gravity of mix and aggregates are 2.324
and 2.546 respectively. The sample includes 5% of bitumen (by total weight of
mix) of specific gravity 1.10. The theoretical maximum specific gravity of mix
is 2.441. The void filled with bitumen (VFB) in the Marshall sample (in%) is
_____
Given

Theoritical maximum specific gravity

Gt = 2.441
S.G. of mixture Gm = 2.324
Va = Volume of air voids = bGt − Gm l # 100 = 5.03%
Gm
Bitumen by weight is 5% with SG of 1.1
Vb = volume of voids filled with bitumen
So Vb = 2.324 # 5 = 10.56%
1. 1
So total % voids, V = Va + Vb = 10.56 + 5.03 = 15.59%
et
Voids filled with Bitumen, VFB = Vb # 100 = 10.56 # 100
Va + Vb 15.59
.n = 67.7%
Q. 51
ng
A student riding a bicycle on a 5 km one way street takes 40 minutes to reach
home. The student stopped for 15 minutes during this ride. 60 vehicles overtook
ri
the student (assume the number of vehicles overtaken by the student is zero)
ee
during the ride and 45 vehicles while the student stopped. The speed of vehicle
stream on that road (in km/hr) is
(A) 7.5
(C) 40
in (B) 12
(D) 60
Sol. 51
ng
ye
Given student travels 5 km in 40 min & b/w that he stops for 15 min .
^5 h
s
So, Average running speed = = 12 km/hr (for bicycle)
^40 − 15h /60
a
Traffic density is number of vehicles per unit length of road. Given 60 vehicle
.E
overtook bicycle when it was in motion for ^40 − 15h = 25 min & 45 overtook
when it was stationary for 15 min . Traffic density for moving as well as stationary
w
condition remain same. Let x be the speed of overtaking vehicle stream.
w Traffic density in bicycle’s motion
w
60 veh
^ 60 h hr
25
K1 = ...(i)
^x − 12h km/hr
q = Ku
q = Volume
K = density of vehicle
U = relative velocity
Traffic density when bicycle stops for 15 min
45 veh
^ 60 h hr
15
K2 = ...(ii)
^x − 0h
So (i) = îih
^60/25h ^45/15h
K1 = K 2 & =
^x − 12h x
x = 60 km/hr
Q. 52 On a section of a highway the speed density relationship is linear and is given by
v = 680 − 23 k @; where v is in km/h and k is in veh/km. The capacity (in veh/h) of
this section of the highway would be

(A) 1200 (B) 2400

(C) 4800 (D) 9600
Given speed density relationship
V = :80 − 2 K D
3
V is in Km/hr & K is density in veh/km
et
So traffic volume,q ^veh/hrh = KV = 80K − 2K
3
2
...(i)
.n
Traffic capacity is the maximum volume or flow and can be obtained by
g
differentiating (i) or
n
dq
=0
ri dK
dq
ee dK
= 80 − 4K = 0
3
K max = 60 veh/km
in
It is density for maximum flow velocity
ng Vmax = 80 − 2 # 60 = 40 km/hr
3
e
So capacity flow
y
q max = K max # Vmax = 60 # 40 = 2400 veh/hr
s
A pre-timed four phase signal has critical lane flow rate for the first three phases
Q. 53
a
as 200, 187 and 210 veh/hr with saturation flow rate of 1800 veh/hr/lane for all
phases. The lost time is given as 4 seconds for each phase. If the cycle length is 60
.E
seconds, the effective green time (in seconds) of the fourth phase is ________
Sol. 53
w
Correct answer is 15.82
Average cycle length “C 0 ” is given by webster method as
w C 0 = 1.5L + 5 ...(i)
w
L is total time lost per phase
So
1 − Σy
L = 4 # 4 = 16 sec
(its 4 phase signal with 4 sec loss time each phase)
Σy = summation of lane volume each phase/saturation flow
So Σy = y1 + y2 + y 3 + y 4
where y1 , y2 , y 3 are values of 3 phases & y 4 is value for Green phase
So y1 = 200 = 0.111; y2 = 187 = 0.1038 ; y 3 = 210 = 0.116 ; y 4 = ?
1800 1800 1800
Now Σy = y1 + y2 + y 3 + y 4 = 0.3308 + y 4 (saturation flow = 1800 Veh/hr )
Using (1) Given cycle length C 0 = 60 sec
60 = 1.5 # 16 + 5
1 − ^0.3308 + y 4h
y 4 = 0.1858
^C 0 − L h # y 4 ^60 − 16h # 0.1858
So Green phase time G 0 = =
Σy 0.3308 + 0.1858
Effective green time G 0 = 15.82 sec
Q. 54 A tacheometer was placed at point P to estimate the horizontal distances PQ
and PR. The corresponding stadia intercepts with the telescope kept horizontal,

are 0.320 m and 0.210 m , respectively. The QPR is measured to be 61c30l30m.

If the stadia multiplication constant = 100 and stadia addition constant = 0.10 m
, the horizontal distance (in m) between the points Q and R is _____

et
.n
Horizontal distance measured by tacheometer is given as
D = Ks + C
g
K is multiplicative constant; s is stadia intercept; C is addition constant
n
i
Given here K = 100 & C = 0.10 m
r
ee
in
ng
ye
as
So D = 100s + 0.10
.E
For PQ ; s = 0.320
So D ^PQ h = 100 # 0.320 + 0.10 = 32.1 m
w
For QR; s = 0.210
So
w D ^PQ h = 100 # 0.210 + 0.10 = 21.1 m
w
Now by using cosine formula
QR2 = PR2 + PQ2 − 2PR # PQ cos θ
So QR = 21.12 + 32.12 − 2 # 32.1 # 21.1 # cos 61c30l30m
= 28.79 m
Q. 55 The chainage of the intersection point of two straights is 1585.60 m and the angle
of intersections is 140c. If the radius of a circular curve is 600.00 m , the tangent
distance (in m) and length of the curve (in m), respectively are
(A) 418.88 and 1466.08 (B) 218.38 and 1648.49
(C) 218.38 and 415.88 (D) 418.88 and 218.38
Sol. 55 Correct option is (C).
Angle of intersection given is 140c but it should be 40c

et
.n
ng
ri
ee
Given radius of curve
ACB = 600 m ; AOB = 40c
by
in Using angle = arc
g
radius
!
en
Length of curve ACB = 40 # a π k # 600 = 418.66 m
180
Length of Tangent, AI or IB = R # tan ^θ/2h = 600 # tan ^40/2h
sy = 600 # tan 20 = 218.38 m
Ea
. **********
w
w
w

ANSWER KEY
General Aptitude
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(D) (A) (C) (25) (A) (A) (C) (D) (C) (0.48-
0.49)
Civil Engineering
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(B)
11
(88)
12
(B)
13
(D)
14
et(B)
15
(B)
16
(B)
17
(40)
18
(D)
19
(3.5)
20
(B) (0) (A) (D)
.n (D) (81.3) (D) (D) (D) (D)
21 22 23 24
ng 25 26 27 28 29 30
(A)
31
(C)
32
(20)
33
r
34i
(D) (D)
35
(A)
36
(0.27)
37
(2)
38
(3)
39
(B)
40
(2.43) (50) (C)
ee
(C) (B) (5) (23.73) (A) (6171.356) (B)
41
(318.30)
42
(C)
43
(2.50) in 44
(91)
45
(A)
46 47
(31.25) (37800)
48
(50)
49
(C)
50
(67.7)
51 52 53
ng 54 55
(D) (B) (15.82)
ye (28.79) (C)
as
.E
w
w
w

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