Mechanical Services Standard Specification

2.0 - Chilled Water Systems

May 2010

For
ROYAL HOLLOWAY
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Prepared For The Estates Division By:

Hulley & Kirkwood Consulting Engineers Ltd

Castle House, Horizon Centre
28-38 Upper High Street
Epsom
Surrey
KT17 4RS

(t): 01372 747047

(f): 01372 739998
(e): hk.london@hulley.co.uk
(w): www.hulley.co.uk

Author: David Bantock/Andrew Wakelam

Checked: Wayne Shipley

Approved: Wayne Shipley

Page 2
AMENDMENTS

Author Date/Rev Description

D Bantock / A Wakelam January 2010 Draft Issue
Comments incorporated after
W Shipley May 2010
meeting with RHUL

Page 3
Index:

2.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 5

2.2 PIPEWORK................................................................................................................................ 5

2.2.1 General......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.1 Pipework Preparation.................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.2 Fittings........................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.3 Dezincification ............................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.4 Inaccessible Services.................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1.5 Minimum Clearances .................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Pipes Passing Through Walls.................................................................................... 7
2.2.2.1 Pipe Clearance.............................................................................................................. 7
2.2.2.2 Fire Rated Sleeves........................................................................................................ 8
2.2.3 Supports ...................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3.1 Suspended Pipework .................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3.2 Wall Mounted Pipework ................................................................................................ 8
2.2.3.3 Spacing ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.3.4 Expansion Devices...................................................................................................... 10
2.2.3.5 Electrical Continuity (Expansion Devices) .................................................................. 10
2.2.4 Care and Storage of Pipework................................................................................. 10
2.2.4.1 Care of Pipes Gaskets and Fittings ............................................................................ 10
2.2.4.2 Open Ends .................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.5 Connectors ................................................................................................................ 11
2.2.5.1 Plant Items .................................................................................................................. 11
2.2.6 Draining, Venting and Isolating Requirements...................................................... 11
2.2.6.1 Drain Cocks................................................................................................................. 11
2.2.6.2 Air Cocks..................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.6.3 Air Bottles....................................................................................................................11
2.2.6.4 Automatic Air Eliminators............................................................................................ 12
2.2.7 Pipework and Fittings............................................................................................... 13
2.2.7.1 Steel Pipework and Joints........................................................................................... 13
2.2.7.2 Steel Fittings ............................................................................................................... 13
2.2.7.3 Copper Pipework Joints and Fittings ......................................................................... 13
2.2.7.4 Plastic Pipework and Fittings ...................................................................................... 14
2.2.8 Valves......................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.8.1 Isolating Valves ........................................................................................................... 14
2.2.8.2 Copper Installations (Isolating Valves)........................................................................ 14
2.2.8.3 Balancing & Commissioning Valves ........................................................................... 14
2.2.8.4 Check Valves .............................................................................................................. 15
2.2.8.5 Drain Cocks................................................................................................................. 15
2.2.8.6 Expansion Joints and Flexible Connections ............................................................... 15
2.2.8.7 Strainers...................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.9 Manufacturers for Valves, Cocks and Strainers .................................................... 16
2.2.10 Automatic Air Vents.................................................................................................. 18
2.2.11 Thermometers and Pressure Gauges ..................................................................... 18

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2.1 INTRODUCTION

This specification relates to the requirements for the supply and installation of chilled water
systems operating at a minimum temperature of 5oC and up to 10 bar g.

ALL WORKS ARE TO BE INSPECTED BY

THE TENDERING CONTRACTOR PRIOR TO PRICING

HEALTH AND SAFETY STATEMENT

Health and Safety precautions are required to be taken during the process of undertaking
works within buildings cannot be underestimated.

Reference shall be made to Royal Holloway University Health and Safety Policy and
Contractors Guidance documents available from Royal Holloway University of London Estates
Office.

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) publish a series of guidance documents regarding all
many different methods of protecting the workforce and people in general when working with
hazardous chemicals (COSH) and undertaking potential dangerous work activities.

Also refer to the HVCA publication “Worksafe guide to site safety” (January 2003)

Installers engaged in any work shall be registered with the Construction Skills Certificate
Scheme (CSCS) and be in possession of a valid skills card.

2.2 PIPEWORK

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2.2.1 General

The Installers shall allow for installing services in a coordinated manner setting round
obstructions to circumvent site difficulties which may not be obvious from the drawings as
applicable issued with the works package.

All pipework unless specifically identified shall be concealed and installed within false ceilings
and architecturally designed service ducts. Pipework in visually exposed conditions shall be
installed to have the neatest practicable finish. Pipes generally shall follow the contour of walls
etc. Vertical pipes shall be plumb, without off-sets and be set close to local projections in order
to follow their lines. No joints shall be made inside the thickness of walls, partitions, floors or
ceilings.

No pipework shall be concealed within walls or buried in floors.

2.2.1.1 Pipework Preparation

Piping shall be cut clean and square with the axis of the pipe using a saw, pipe-cutting tool or
machine deforming the pipe.

Before installation all ends of the pipework shall be made square and smooth. All cutting oils
and foreign bodies shall be removed from joints prior to assembly where steel threaded joints
are used.

2.2.1.2 Fittings

Pipe fittings shall be installed in such a manner that air or condensate cannot be trapped and
pipes can be drained.

Care shall be taken to avoid the defacing of fittings. Spanners of the correct size shall be used
on all hexagons. Fittings shall be rejected if badly marked and the Installer shall replace such at
his own expense.

2.2.1.3 Dezincification

All fittings, valves, cocks, etc. except where otherwise specified (e.g. cast iron), shall be
manufactured from copper, gunmetal, bronze or other agreed materials to prevent
dezincification.

2.2.1.4 Inaccessible Services

All steel pipework runs located within inaccessible areas (e.g. above plaster ceilings, obstructed
by ductwork etc.), shall be welded, and all copper pipework shall be brazed. Screwed and
flanged joints shall not be permitted in inaccessible locations. The emphasis shall be to avoid
joints wherever possible.

All pipework tube in contact with the soil or building fabric shall be protected by being twice
wrapped in Denso tape or similar and equally agreed.

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2.2.1.5 Minimum Clearances

Pipes shall be installed so as to give the following minimum clearances between the pipe or
lagging, and adjacent surfaces, as follows;

• Walls 25mm

• Ceilings 100mm

• Finished Floors 165mm

• Adjacent Pipes, both insulated 50mm

• Adjacent Pipes, both un-insulated 150mm

• Insulated Pipes to adjacent conduit or trunking 25mm

• Un-insulated Pipes to adjacent conduit or trunking 100mm

• Adjacent Pipes, one only insulated 75mm

• Un-insulated Pipes adjacent to electrical cables not

in conduit or trunking 150mm

• Insulated Pipes adjacent to electrical cables not

in conduit or trunking 100mm

Under no circumstances shall pipes be spaced close together and enclosed in a common
insulated covering. Not withstanding the above minimum clearances, sufficient clearance and
segregation of services shall be allowed to ensure the following:

• That any thermal insulation can be applied easily

• That on flanged pipes the spacing is increased to accommodate the

flanges and any insulated flange or valve boxes

• That access to pipes and electrical services is easy, both for

installation and maintenance purposes.

• That segregation of services follow recommendations in Table 1 of

BS8313: 1989: Ducts for Building Services.

2.2.2 Pipes Passing Through Walls

All pipes passing through walls, floor, ceilings, partitions etc. shall be inserted through sleeves
of similar material to the pipe provided as part of the installation works.

In exposed to view areas eschutcheon plates shall be provided to conceal the sleeves.

2.2.2.1 Pipe Clearance

Sleeves shall be free from internal burrs and shall have an internal diameter sufficient to allow
the pipe to be fixed clear of the sleeve at all points, with at least 3mm gap between sleeve and
pipe at all points.

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2.2.2.2 Fire Rated Sleeves

Pipes passing through internal walls, floors or partitions, which are fire barriers, shall have a fire
sleeve that complies with the Building Regulations and tested to BS 476 for a minimum of 2
hours.

2.2.2.3 Wall Clearance

Sleeves shall be of sufficient length to clear the face of finished wall or ceiling by at least 3mm.

2.2.3 Supports

The Installer shall supply, fix and accurately set out all supports, bolts etc. necessary to suit the
runs of pipework. The supports shall be suitable for the duty required and the areas in which
the pipe is run.

The type of support shall be dependant on location, type and size of the pipework.

2.2.3.1 Suspended Pipework

Brackets shall consist of ball hanger assemblies comprising split pipe gland or one piece pipe
clip, drop rod, locknut and male ball hanger.

For copper pipework, brackets, clips and glands shall be manufactured from gunmetal or brass,
for mild steel and galvanised steel pipework, they shall be of a similar material to the pipe.

The Installer shall make his own fixings to the structure and prior to any works being undertaken
the Installer shall agree the method of fixing to comply with the structural limitations and the
requirements of Royal Holloway University of London.

2.2.3.2 Wall Mounted Pipework

Brackets for vertical pipework shall be of the rigid type to guide the pipework and shall comprise
a two piece pipe gland, locknut and screwed rod.

For copper pipework, brackets, clips and glands shall be manufactured from gunmetal or brass,
for mild steel and galvanised steel pipework, they shall be of a similar material to the pipe.

Supports for pipework to be chrome plated shall be of similar finish but the support assembly
shall comprise split pipe ring, extended nipple and back plate securely fixed to the structure.

All brackets and hangers shall be installed with special attention to freedom for lengthways
expansion, either in horizontal or vertical plane and to levels for air elimination and drainage.

Supports for rise and drop pipes shall be arranged to allow freedom for expansion movement or
horizontal runs. Pipes shall be adequately supported at bends, tees and where changes of
direction occur.

Vertical risers shall be supported at the base to withstand total weight. Branches from risers
shall not be used as means of support for the riser. Valves 76mm and above shall be
individually supported.

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 Where it is not practicable to use standard type brackets the Contractor shall supply and fix
suitable purpose made supports to suit the position.

All pipelines shall be separately supported and pipes slung from other pipes shall not be
allowed. "Double" type hangers shall not be used due to the differential in expansion and
contraction of the two pipelines and the difficulty of doing work on one pipeline without
disturbing the other.

All necessary metal supports, tees, angle or channel sections, screws, bolts etc. shall be
provided and fixed by the Installer who shall be responsible for the accurate setting of same.

2.2.3.3 Spacing

Note: Additional bracketry should also be considered where directional changes occur.

Pipe Pipe Nominal Intervals for Intervals for

Material Bore Horizontal Runs Vertical Runs
mm m m
Mild Steel 15 1.8 2.4
20 2.4 3.0
25 2.4 3.0
32 2.7 3.0
40 3.0 3.6
50 3.0 3.6
65 3.0 4.5
80 3.6 4.5
100 3.9 4.5
150 4.0 4.5

Light Gauge Copper 15 1.2 1.8

22 1.8 2.4
28 1.8 2.4
35 2.4 3.0
42 2.4 3.0
54 and above 2.8 3.0

Plastic 16mm 0.6 0.6

20mm 0.6 0.6
25mm 0.6 0.6
32mm 0.6 0.6
40mm 1.3 1.5
50mm 1.45 1.7
67mm 1.65 2.0
75mm 1.10 2.2
90mm 1.85 2.5

The support distances shall also be subject to the selected manufacturers recommendations
and materials used.

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2.2.3.4 Expansion Devices

The Installer shall be responsible for the design of expansion systems for all heating services
pipework as required.

Expansion of pipework where possible shall be taken up by natural off-sets and changes of
direction of pipe runs. Where this cannot be achieved, the Installer shall provide expansion
loops, angular expansion compensators, and axial expansion compensators to suit.

Adequate provision shall also be made at all connections to equipment and appliances to avoid
stress due to contraction and expansion. This applies in particular to coils with copper headers.

2.2.3.5 Electrical Continuity (Expansion Devices)

The pipework installations shall be electrically continuous up to and including the plant and
equipment. The Installer shall provide and install earth bonding across all flexible joints
including those on plant and equipment as necessary.

If a mixture of steel, copper and plastic pipework is installed earth bonding of plant and all
components shall be provided.

2.2.4 Care and Storage of Pipework

It is imperative that a high standard of cleanliness is maintained to a standard in order that the
cleanliness test as described in ASTM B 280-86 Clause 12 can be maintained.

The Installer shall at all times, using the accepted correct lifting tackle, take great care in off-
loading and handling pipes and fittings of all types so as to avoid damage to the material and
any protective coatings or coverings. Suitable storage areas on site shall be agreed with the
client and proper supports to carry pipework clear of the ground shall be used, particularly in
damp areas and outdoors. The Installer shall provide suitable protection and/or covers for pipes
stored outdoors in order to protect them from the weather and in the case of plastic pipework
from solar degradation. Royal Holloway University of London shall reserve the right to reject or
have rectified at the Installer's expense any damaged materials.

2.2.4.1 Care of Pipes Gaskets and Fittings

The Installer shall at all times observe the installation and storage procedure as recommended
by the Manufacturers. Gaskets shall be carefully stored to prevent damage.

RHUL reserve the right to require any damaged materials to be removed from site.

2.2.4.2 Open Ends

Care shall be exercised during the erection of pipework to ensure that foreign matter is not
allowed to remain on or enter the pipes. When any portion of the installation is left open for any
purpose whatsoever, the open end shall be temporarily sealed with purpose made plugs or
blanking caps manufactured from sound wooden, metal or plastic materials. Rags, paper or
similar substances shall not be used under any circumstances.

A valve fitted at the end of a disconnected pipe shall not be considered satisfactory to prevent
the ingress of foreign matter.

All open ended pipework shall be permanently capped upon completion.

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 Failure to comply with this instruction shall mean that the Engineer shall have the right to
instruct the Installer that pipework is left uncovered shall be dismantled and the pipework blown-
through and/or cleaned at no expense to Royal Holloway University of London.

2.2.5 Connectors

Unless otherwise specified, pipelines up to and including 50mm connectors shall be unions, of
materials suitable for the service and shall have bronze settings.

In pipelines 65mm and above, connectors shall consist of flanges made of an appropriate
material and specification as detailed elsewhere.

Sockets and backnuts shall not be used under any circumstances.

2.2.5.1 Plant Items

All connections to plant and equipment requiring internal inspection and maintenance shall be
made using compatible coupling/flanges and positioned as to enable such inspections and
maintenance readily and conveniently to be undertaken with the minimum disturbance of
pipework and lagging.

2.2.6 Draining, Venting and Isolating Requirements

All pipework shall be installed with sufficient gradient to ensure adequate venting and draining.

The Installer shall be responsible for providing such draining and air release arrangements in
the form of drain cocks or air vents, type as are specified and as are required to ensure that all
sections and subsidiary sections of the installation can be completely drained and that air locks
cannot form.

Fittings for draining and venting shall be suitable for the working pressure of the systems to
which they are connected.

2.2.6.1 Drain Cocks

Drain cocks shall be positioned as necessary to completely drain the installation and sections
as required.

Drain cocks installed above floor level shall be fixed as unobtrusively as possible.

Drain cocks shall be finished to match the pipework to which they are connected.

2.2.6.2 Air Cocks

Air cocks shall be screw-down pattern with loose key, and shall be positioned as necessary to
vent the installation. Cocks shall be finished to match the pipework to which they are connected.

2.2.6.3 Air Bottles

Air bottles shall be of identical material to the service, and shall comprise a section of full bore
pipe for 50mm pipes and below, and 50mm pipe for 65mm and above, not less than 150mm in
length.

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 Each bottle shall be fitted with an air release line carried to low level with a suitable air release
needle valve for venting. Vent pipes shall be 15mm size.

Air bottles shall be positioned as required to facilitate adequate venting and shall be suitable for
the system working pressure.

2.2.6.4 Automatic Air Eliminators

Automatic Air Eliminators shall be of ball float type, and complete with isolating valves.

They shall be positioned as required to enable adequate venting and shall be connected to the
system on the inlet side by means of 15mm diameter pipes of material to suit the service, the
outlet connection shall have a 15mm diameter copper discharge pipe carried to vent in an
agreed position.

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2.2.7 Pipework and Fittings

The section of pipework and fittings for extensions or modifications to existing systems shall
generally be of the same materials and generally traditional metal pipework. Where the
Installer wishes to offer a different material, agreement shall be obtained from Royal Holloway
University of London.

All jointing methods and compounds shall be fully compatible with the materials being used
including any water treatment chemicals present in the water system.

Completely new systems shall be reviewed for the best choice of materials, be compatible
with the building usage, and system operating requirements.

The materials currently available include steel, copper and plastic selected to suit the
operating temperatures, pressures and application.

Jointing methods include, screwed, welded, grooved, press fit, solvent welded, fusion welded,
soldered, brazed and compression.

2.2.7.1 Steel Pipework and Joints

Steel pipework and joints shall be mild steel black medium weight or heavy weight
manufactured in accordance with BS EN 10255: 2004. Joints shall be screwed or welded up
to and including 50mm dia. Above this pipework shall be welded with flanged joints to be
provided in accordance with BS EN 1092-1-2007. Bolting of steel flanges shall be in
accordance with BS EN 1515-2-2001.

2.2.7.2 Steel Fittings

Steel fittings shall be in accordance with BS 143 1255:2000 and 1256:2000 for malleable cast
iron and copper alloy.

Steel welded fittings shall be in accordance with BS EN 10253-1:1999.

Threaded fittings shall also be in accordance with BS21.

2.2.7.3 Copper Pipework Joints and Fittings

Copper pipework shall be light gauge in accordance with BS EN 1057. The following fittings
and jointing methods may be applied to suit the application.

(a) Capillary soldered fittings to BS EN 1254 Part 1

(b) Compression fittings to BS EN 1254 Part 2
(c) Push fit fittings (copper and plastic) to BS EN 1057

Note: Compression fittings also suitable for stainless steel chrome plated copper and
polythene pipe may be used where required.

Push fittings on stainless steel chrome plated copper pipes are not permitted.

Suitable manufacturers shall be as Pegler/Yorkshire range, including Tectite, Kuterlite,

Prestex and XPress.

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2.2.7.4 Plastic Pipework and Fittings

There are several plastic pipe and fitting products currently on the market which have been
tried, tested and approved for use with chilled water systems operating at temperatures of
20oC max.

It is important that products are not mixed in anyway and strict adherence to the
manufacturer’s specific instruction must be applied at all times.

Durapipe UK Ltd supply and manufacturer a “Durapipe Superflo System” which includes
fittings and valves for use on chilled water systems operating up to a maximum temperature
of 20oC (chilled water).

The application of this product shall be as agreed with Royal Holloway University of London
and the particular application.

Alternative manufacturers may be considered but shall be equal and agreed to the
satisfaction of Royal Holloway University of London.

2.2.8 Valves

The Installer shall supply and install valves to enable isolation, flushing, cleaning and
balancing of the systems as required. All valves should be as those manufactured by Crane,
Hattersley, Oventrop or equal and agreed and be in accordance with the approved British
Standards.

2.2.8.1 Isolating Valves

Valve shall be of the gate or ball type with hand wheel, lever or lockshield to suit the
application. For steel up to and including 50mmdia. valves shall be screwed and have bronze
bodies.

 Gate valves shall be manufactured to BS EN 1982.

 Ball valves shall be manufactured to BS EN 1982 with PTFE seating and packing.

For valves of sizes 50mm and above they shall be of the gate or butterfly type with flanged
connections.

 Gate valves shall be manufactured to BS EN 1171 with cast iron bodies.

 Butterfly valves shall be manufactured be to BS EN 593 with ductile iron bodies.

2.2.8.2 Copper Installations (Isolating Valves)

Valves shall be of the gate or ball type with handwheel, lever or lockshield to suit the
application. The valves shall have compression ends in accordance with BS 1057 table 4
(15-54mm)

2.2.8.3 Balancing & Commissioning Valves

Valves shall be of the double regulating type with fixed orifice. Bronze valves shall be in
accordance with BS EN 1254/2. Ductile Iron valves shall be in accordance with BS EN 1092

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2.2.8.4 Check Valves

Check valves where required shall conform to BS 5154 (Bronze) or BS EN 12334 (Cast Iron).

2.2.8.5 Drain Cocks

Drain cocks shall be bronze conforming to BS 2879-2 and where required incorporate hose
union outlet.

2.2.8.6 Expansion Joints and Flexible Connections

Expansion joints shall be selected specifically for the application and be as manufactured by
Engineering Appliances or equal agreed. Each joint shall be anchored and guided in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Flexible connections where required shall be
as manufactured by Engineering Appliances or equal agreed and be selected to suit the
application. Connections to pumps and plant shall use the tied type connections.

2.2.8.7 Strainers

Pipeline strainers shall be provided as specified and shall be Bronze to BS EN 1982 for sizes
15-50mm inclusive and Cast Iron to BS EN 1561 for sizes above 50mm dia .Strainers shall
be fitted with 304 stainless steel 40 mesh screens.

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2.2.9 Manufacturers for Valves, Cocks and Strainers

The following tables are provided to guide the Installer in respect of listed manufacturers who
manufacture products in compliance with the appropriate British Standards and relevant
Water Regulations (WRAS).

The list is not exhaustive and alternative manufacturers may be considered if they comply
with the required standards.

VALVES

Suitable Valves:

SERVICE DUTY SIZE TYPE JOINTS

CHW Flow isolation Up to 50mm Copper alloy gate valve Screwed

BS5154

Hattersley: Fig 33X

Crane: D151

65mm and Cast iron gate valve BS5150 Flanged to

above BS4504
Hattersley: M540 PN6 Table 10
Crane: FM 52

CHW Flow regulation Up to 50mm Orifice valves - Copper alloy Screwed

and pressure tapped variable
measurement orifice double regulating
valves to BS7350.

Hattersley: Fig 1700

Fig 1700L
(low flow)

Crane: D930
D932 (low
flow)

65mm and Orifice Valves - Cast iron Flanged to

above pressure tapped variable BS4504
orifice double regulating Table 10
valves to BS7350.

Hattersley: Fig M737

Crane: DM930

CHW Safety Valves Up to 50mm NABIC Fig 500 type spring Screwed
loaded

Page 16
CHW Flow regulation Up to 50mm Commissioning Stations - Screwed
and Copper alloy double
measurement regulating valve and orifice
plate close coupled

Hattersley: FIG 2432

Fig 2473L
(low flow)

Crane: D941
D942 (low
flow)

65mm and Commissioning Stations - Flanged to

above Cast iron double regulating BS4504
valve and orifice plate close Table 10
coupled.

Hattersley: M2733
Crane: DM941
Screwed
CHW Flow regulation Up to 50mm Copper alloy double
regulating valve.

Hattersley: Fig 1432

Fig 1473 (low
flow)

Crane: D920
D921 (low
flow)

65mm and Cast iron double regulating Flanged to

above valve. BS4504
Table 10
Hattersley: Fig M733DR
Crane: DM920

CHW Non return Up to 50mm Copper Alloy Screwed

valves Hattersley: Fig3048
Crane: Equivalent

65mm and Cast Iron Flanged

above Hattersley: M651 PN16
Crane: F479

CHW Strainers Up to 50mm Copper alloy pipeline type Screwed

oblique.
Hattersley: Fig 807
Crane: D297

65mm and Cast iron pipeline type oblique Flanged

above Hattersley: Fig 810
Crane: FM276

Page 17
 NOTES:

1. All valves excluding commissioning/control and motorised control valves to

be full line size unless specifically noted otherwise on the drawings or
commissioning valve schedules. Commissioning/control and motorised
valves shall be selected by the Installer to suit the respective flow rate and
to in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

2.2.10 Automatic Air Vents

Automatic air vents shall be of high quality brass alloy as manufactured by Spirax Sarco
AE30B (with lockshield valve). These valves comply with BSEN10204 2.2 and the European
Pressure Directive 97/29/EC.

2.2.11 Thermometers and Pressure Gauges

Thermometers shall be of the dial type, very robust and operating on the bi-metallic coil
principle, complete with pipeline pocket (extended type for insulation).

The thermometers shall have a stainless steel body and 100mm glass faced dial.

The temperature range shall be from 0-30oC.

Pressure gauges shall be of the Bourdon tube dial type with clear Perspex face and pressed
metal casing (100mm dia.) with units worked in bar and psi. The selected range shall suit the
system operating pressure with the system pressure selected for a mid range reading.

The gauges shall be supplied complete with gauge cock and ring or ‘U’ siphon.

The gauge shall be compliant with the requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive
97/25/EC.

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