SUMMARY OF HCQ/CQ/MC studies at 26/5/2020 – The Podocyte @ https://thekidneyclub2020.wordpress.

com
Table 1 Trials of HCQ/CQ/AZ Part 1
Date/ Study Journal Study design Inclusion Groups size Result Quality of
Country Evidence
19 Feb Gao et al J-Stage Multicenter clinical trials ? >100, no other CQ superior to control Very low
China data No data given

6 Mar Chen J. et al J Zhejiang RCT Confirmed COVID-19 15 HCQ Control group non-significant faster to Low
China Univ (Med 15 Con viral clearance + radiological Underpowered
Sci) improvement. 1 severe deterioriation
in HCQ group

30 Mar Molina et al Med Mal Prospective observational 11 consecutive patients 8 with 11 HCQ 1 death, 1 to ICU, 1 long QT Very low.
France Infect France significant comorbidities syndrome, no viral clearance at 6 Uncontrolled,s
days in 10 survivors mall,

10 Apr Chen Z. et al MedRxiv RCT Admitted patients with COVID- 31 HCQS HCQS has 1 day less of fever and Low
China 19, severe illness excluded 31 Con cough but the only 4 patients who Underpowered
progressed to severe disease were in Not peer
the control group. reviewed

11 Apr Gautret et al Travel Med Uncontrolled, Relatively mildly infected 80 HCQ+AZ All patients improved except 1 death Very low
France Infect Dis observational inpatients & 1 ICU, 83% viral clearance at day 7 No control

20 Apr Magagnoli et MedRxiv Retrospective analysis US All patients with confirmed 97 HCQ After confoundng, no difference in Low
US al Veterans COVID-19 113 HCQ+AZ risk of ventilation and an increased retrospective
58 Con risk of death in the HCQ group only. Not peer
reviewed
24 Apr Asraf et al MedRxiv Retrospective review 100 hospitalised patient ? HCQ improved the clinical Very low
Iran outcome of the patients No data given

1 May Yu et al MedRxiv Retrospective study Patients with severe ARDS 48 HCQ Mortality more than halved and IL-6 Low
China requiring ventilation 520 Con level fell markedly in the HCQ group Retrospective,
small HCQ
group Not peer
reviewed
2 May Mallat et al MedRxiv Retrospective observational Hospitalised patients 23 HCQ HCQS group took 1 week longer to Very low
Abu Dhabi 11 Con viral clearance Underpowered
not peer
reviewed
HCQ HCQ NO HCQ WORSE NOT POSSIBLE NOT PEER VERY LOW LOW LOW TO MOD MODERATE
BETTER DIFFERENT TO COMPARE REVIEWED EVIDENCE EVIDENCE EVIDENCE EVIDENCE
SUMMARY OF HCQ/CQ/MC studies at 26/5/2020 – The Podocyte @ https://thekidneyclub2020.wordpress.com
Table 2 Trials of HCQ/CQ/AZ Part 2
Date/ Study Journal Study design Inclusion Groups size Result Quality of
Country Evidence
5 May Million et al Travel Med Retrospective, 1061 Covid-19 patients 1061 HCQ+AZ Viral clearance by PCR within 10 Very low
France Infect Dis uncontrolled days 92% No control arm
46 poor clinical outcome, 8 deaths,
very few adverse effects

7 May Geleris et al NEJM Observational 1376 consecutive admissions 811 HCQ No association between HCQS and Low to mod
US 565 Con risk for death or intubation after Not RCT
propensity score matching

11 May Rosenberg et JAMA Retrospective cohort study Randomized sample from 25 735 HCQ + AZ After adjustment, no difference in Low to Mod
US al hospitals 271 HCQ mortality or cardiac ECG Not RCT
211 AZ abnormalities in the 3 groups
221 Con

14 May Tang et al BMJ Multicentre, open label, Patient admissions with 75 HCQ No difference in viral clearance by Moderate
China RCT COVID-19 75 Con PCR at 28 days. More adverse Peer reviewed
effects in HCQS. RCT but small

14 May Mahévas et al BMJ Multicentre comparative Patients aged 18-80 years 92 HCQ No significant difference in Low
France observational with documented pneumonia 89 Con survival at 21 days, ICU
who required oxygen but not admission, intubation, ARDS or
ICU weaning off oxygen. 10% of HCQ
group stopped drug due to ECG
abnormalities
19 May Kim et al MedRxiv Retrospective cohort study Moderate COVID-19 patients 22 HCQ + Ab HCQ significantly shorter time to viral Low.
S Korea (I’ve exluded the 40 Con clearance and hospital stay. No Small
lopinavir/ritonavir arm data) increased adverse effects retrospective.
No peer review
22 May Mehra et al The Lancet Registry analysis de- All COVID-19 patients 1868 CQ All 4 treatment groups had Moderate
6 identified data by hospitalised from 20/12/19, 3783 CQ+ MC significantly higher hospital Large but not
continents automated extraction to 14/4/20, for whom a 3016 HCQ mortality and de-novo cardiac RCT
from electronic health clinical outcome was 6221 HCQ +MC arrhythmias
records recorded 81144 Con

Abbreviations : HCQ Hydroxychloroquine CQ Chloroquine Phosphate AZ Azithromycin MC Macrolide Ab Antibiotics Con Controls
? no data provided RCT Randomised control trial

SUMMARY OF HCQ/CQ/MC studies at 26/5/2020 – The Podocyte @ https://thekidneyclub2020.wordpress.com

Table 3 Meta-analysis of HCQ/CQ/AZ
Date Study Journal Title Number of studies Result
reviewed

13 Apr Sarma et al J Med Virol Virological and 7 studies No difference in viral

clinical cure in clearance, death,
COVID‐19 patients clinical deterioriation
treated with or drug side effects
hydroxychloroquine:
A systematic review
and meta‐analysis

12 May Kumar et al Diabetes Metab Hydroxychloroquine 10 studies No benefit on viral

Syndr in patients with clearance but a
COVID-19: A significant increase in
Systematic Review mortality was
and meta-analysis observed with HCQ
compared to control
in patients with
COVID-19.

20 May Chacko et al MedRxIV Hydroxychloroquine 11 studies including, No difference in

in COVID-19: A 3 randomized clinical progression,
systematic review controlled trials and 8 mortality, or viral
and meta-analysis observational studies clearance between 2
2354 HCQS alone or groups. Significantly
in combination higher incidence of
1952 Con adverse events with
HCQS.

NB I have not included a study submitted as pre-print to the NEJM but then withdrawn by the authors (Barbosa et al – increased ventilator
support in HCQ group).
SUMMARY OF HCQ/CQ/MC studies at 26/5/2020 – The Podocyte @ https://thekidneyclub2020.wordpress.com
Table 4. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality and venrtricular arrhythmias from Mehra et al, The Lancet 22 May 2020