Cable Diagnosis

Cable Testing
Cable Fault Locating
Cable and Phase Identification
etc. … … …
etc

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 Cable Diagnosis
(predictive non destructive)
(predictive,

Cable Testing
(preventive, destructive)

Cable Fault Locating

g
(reactive)

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Available diagnostic methods
Cable Diagnosis Cable Testing
(predictive non destructive)
(predictive, (preventive destructive)
(preventive,

Local integral

Partial discharge- IRC/RVM tan  50 Hz 20-300 Hz 0.1 Hz DC

( PILC only )

Measuring Mapping

Weak spot Cable joint Homogenious aged Cable end

Cable segment Termination

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 VLF Cable Testing

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Available diagnostic methods
Cable Diagnosis Cable Testing
(predictive non destructive)
(predictive, (preventive destructive)
(preventive,

Local integral

Partial discharge- IRC/RVM tan  50 Hz 20-300 Hz 0.1 Hz DC

( PILC only )

Measuring Mapping

Weak spot Cable joint Homogenious aged Cable end

Cable segment Termination

OWTS PD-diagnosis, (c) SebaKMT 2011, all rights reserved. 5

 Tests with very low-frequency voltages – IEC rules

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 Actual Test Procedures acc. to DIN VDE 0276 :
Test of Energy distribution cables with extruded Insulation for nominal voltages
U0 / U 3,6 / 6 kV to 20,8 / 36 kV part 620:
( XLPE insulation )

Test Series Test Level Test

Voltage Duration
6 / 10 kV 12 kV
AC 45 … 65 Hz 12/20 kV 24 kV 60 min
18/30 kV 36 kV
6,35/11 kV 12,7 kV
2 x Uo
6 / 10 kV 18 kV
VLF 0.1 Hz 12/20 kV 36 kV 60 min
18/30 kV 54 kV
19,1/33 kV 57,3 kV
3 x Uo

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 Energy distribution cables with impregnated insulation for
medium voltages acc. to part 621:
(ppaper
p insulation )

Test Voltage Series Test Level Test Duration

RMS
DC 6 / 10 kV 34 - 48 kV 30 min
i
12/20 kV 67 - 96 kV
18/30 kV 76 -108 kV
6,35/11 kV Max 6 x Uo
6 / 10 kV 12 kV
AC 45 … 65 Hz 12/20 kV 24 kV 30 min
18/30 kV 36 kV
6,35/11 kV 12,7 kV
6 / 10 kV 18 kV
VLF 0.1 Hz 12/20 kV 36 kV 30 min
18/30 kV 54 kV
19,1/33 kV 57,3 kV
For mixed cables AC and VLF 60 min
VLF 0.1
0 1 Hz duration 60 min acc.
acc to experiences

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 Recommendations for the VLF Test Voltage levels
at new installed and aged
g Cable installations

Test Voltage level at new installed cables

Test Level: 3 x Uo

Test Time: 60 min

Test Voltage
g level for aged
g installed cables

Test Level : 1.7 ... 3 x Uo

Test Time : 60 min

After the test the cable should be earthed for a short time .

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 Effect of Space Charges

The negative DC test voltage injects electrons into dielectric and builds up a
space charge around the defect. After testing, every positive wave of the
nominal AC voltage causes large voltage gradients between the defect and
its negative residual space charge
charge.
The cable can be damaged by cracking and an uncontrolled breakdown.

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 VLF Testing with 0.1; 0.05 and 0.02 Hz

Some manufacturers offer frequencies of 0

0.05,
05 00,02
02 and 0
0.01
01 Hz

This is only to compensate for the described lack of test power.

It is
i marketed
k t d as an advantage
d t by
b combining
bi i ththese ffrequencies
i
with a high testable cable capacity.

There is not scientific base for the application of these frequencies.

Existing research activities show, the these frequencies are rather
useless for a reliable test.

The reduction of the frequency causes in the most positive view

an proportional increase of the test duration, extending the time
to several hours.

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 10 kV XLPE -cable
1000 Tree growing velocity as function of
0.1 Hz sin test voltage for four different testing
0.1 Hz cos² sequences
100
50 Hz sin
ed
wth spee

0.01 Hz sin
10
m/h
in mm
Grow

Test Voltage U / Uo
0,1
1 2 3 4

Researches show that the growth velocity of electrical tree voids with
0.01 Hz is appr. 10x slower as a comparable 0.1 Hz test at the same test
voltage level

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 General Terms !
What are Water Treeing and Electrical Treeing ?

PE or XLPE insulation

Electrical Treeing Water Treeing

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 Water Treeing and Electrical Treeing
in the PE or XLPE insulation

Imaginary Limit for Imaginary Limit for

Water Trees from Water Trees from
outside at Uo outside
t id att 3 x U
Uo

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 Generation of cos-rectangular
cos rectangular wave shape
at 0.1 Hz VLF
charging in
0° negative polarity

discharge
unit

U– rotating
U
rectifier

inductivity voltmeter support cable under test

capacitor

72° discharging source waiting in

and waiting
in negative polarity
216° positve polarity

Recharge
g to positive.
p Recharge
g to
144° Depending on 288°° negative
Type with recharge

by experience: Almost all fault occur during the change of polarity from positive to negative.

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 A significant difference of the sinusoidal test voltage in comparison to the
0.1 Hz Cosine Square Wave Voltage is the 1,4 times higher load to the cable
insulation, joints, terminations etc.
Test voltage levels as stated in VDE or other standards are in RMS

Test Voltage Prüfspannung Up

[kV]
[kV]
80 Recharge Upmax= 2·3U0 = 4,2U0
70
63kV
+50
Upeff= 3U0

0 5 10 15 20 Time
s
- 50
- 63
- 70 70kV
- 80
a)) VLF W
Wave form
f
0 5 10 15 20 t[s]

70kV
63kV

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ms

b) Change-over slopes 63kV

70kV
p
expanded view

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 C
Comparison
i C
Cos-Rectangular
R t l vs. Si
Sine W
Wave
Sine Wave
5 sec
Cos-Rectangular
0.1 Hz
Sine

Power
Frequency

RMS
5 sec

2 - 8 msec

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 “Dortmunder Energie und Wasser” Experience Report 1987 – 1998
Breakdowns over the test time

150
103
100

50 10 7 11 8 14

0
0-10 min 10-20 min 2 0-30 min 30-40m in 4 0-50 min 5 0-60 min .

66 % of all faults come to breakdown within the first 10 minutes

75 % of the faults come to breakdown within the 30 minutes
The experience shows that the VLF voltage test does not cause new faults in
service aged
g cables and their equipment
q p and the time when it came to
breakdown during test.
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Experience Report DEW 1987 - 1998
Analysis of faults

70
60
50
40
30

Trransition jjoint
20

XLPE Joiint
aper Jointt
10

NAHKBA
0

Paper
Paper NAKBA
XLPE
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
min min min min min min

Pa
X

OWTS PD-diagnosis, (c) SebaKMT 2011, all rights reserved.

N 19
 P t bl VLF ttestt systems
Portable t off SebaKMT
S b KMT

VLF Test System 28 kV,

not recommended for test vans

two parts each 24 kg weight,

4,5 µF testable cable capacitance

VLF – leakage current measurement

OWTS PD-diagnosis, (c) SebaKMT 2011, all rights reserved. 20

 Thank you very much for
yyour attention !

Your

Tech - Support - Team

please visit www.sebakmt.com

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