Sunlite GigE2 User Manual

Warning!
Using the supplied equipment in a manner not specified by VeEX may impair the protection provided by the
equipment.
LASER Cautions!
• This is a class 1 laser product. Avoid looking directly at the transmitter source.
• Use of controls and procedures other than those specified in this manual may result in exposure to hazardous
laser radiation.
• Unterminated optical connectors may emit laser radiation. Do not view with optical instruments.
End of Life Recycling and Disposal Information

DO NOT dispose of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as unsorted municipal waste. For proper
disposal return the product to VeEX. Please contact our local offices or service centers for information on how to
arrange the return and recycling of any of our products.
EC Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive aims to minimize the impact of the disposal of
electrical and electronic equipment on the environment. It encourages and sets criteria for the collection,
treatment, recycling, recovery, and disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment.
© 2014 VeEX Incorporated. All rights reserved.
2 SunLite GigE
SunLite GigE User’s Manual
Table of Contents
1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Overview of Functions ......................................................................................... 5
1.2 Important Safeguards and Precautions ............................................................... 5
1.3 SunLite GigE Package Contents ......................................................................... 5
1.4 Specifications ...................................................................................................... 6
2 Physical Description ...................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Front Features ..................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Keypad Functions ..................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 LEDs ......................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Top Connectors.................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Right Side Connectors....................................................................................... 10
2.4 Back Side Features ........................................................................................... 10
2.4.1 Battery Replacement .............................................................................. 10
2.4.2 Battery Care and Storage ....................................................................... 10
3 Operation and Menus ................................................................................................... 13

3.1 BERT Throughput .............................................................................................. 15
3.1.1 BERT Configuration ................................................................................ 15
3.1.1.1 Stream Configuration ........................................................................... 16
3.1.1.2 Menu F-key Commands....................................................................... 30
3.1.1.2.1 Measurement Setup ......................................................................... 30
3.1.1.2.2 Save Profile....................................................................................... 31
3.1.2 Run Test .................................................................................................. 32
3.1.2.1 Error Injection ...................................................................................... 34
3.2 IP Features ........................................................................................................ 35
3.2.1 IP Config ................................................................................................. 35
3.2.2 Link Status .............................................................................................. 36
3.2.3 Ping......................................................................................................... 38
3.2.4 ARP Scanning ........................................................................................ 39
3.2.5 Trace Route............................................................................................. 40
3.2.6 Web Access Test................................................................................. 40
3.3 RFC-2544 .......................................................................................................... 41
3.3.1 RFC-2544 Throughput Test..................................................................... 42
3.3.1.1 Throughput Test Results ...................................................................... 44
3.3.3 Back to Back Test.................................................................................... 46
3.3.4 Latency Test ............................................................................................ 46
3.3.5 Auto Test ................................................................................................. 47
3.4 Loopback ........................................................................................................... 48
3.4.1 Loopback Filter ....................................................................................... 48
3.4.2 Loopback Mode ...................................................................................... 52
3.5 Utility .................................................................................................................. 56
3.5.1 Miscellaneous Setup............................................................................... 56
GigE 3
3.5.2 Flash Port ............................................................................................... 57
3.5.3 Cable Length .......................................................................................... 57
3.5.4 Optical Power.......................................................................................... 58
3.5.5 Firmware Upgrade .................................................................................. 58
4 PC Software Package ................................................................................................... 59

4.1 Firmware Update ............................................................................................... 59
4.1.1 Windows Setup ....................................................................................... 59
4.1.2 Performing an Upgrade........................................................................... 61
5 Applications .................................................................................................................. 63
5.1 Layer 1 BERT .................................................................................................... 63
5.2 Layer 2 BERT .................................................................................................... 65
5.3 Configuring VLAN Testing .................................................................................. 67
5.4 Layer 3 BERT-Indirect Routing........................................................................... 68
5.5 RFC-2544 Testing .............................................................................................. 70
5.5.1 RFC-2544 Test Configurations................................................................ 70
5.5.2 RFC-2544 Testing Overviews ................................................................. 71
5.6 Loopback Applications ....................................................................................... 72
5.7 Ping Test Application.......................................................................................... 73
6 Reference ...................................................................................................................... 75
6.1 Ethernet Overview ............................................................................................. 75
6.1.1 Optical Line Encoding ............................................................................. 76
6.1.2 Ethernet Frames ..................................................................................... 76
6.1.3 MAC Address.......................................................................................... 77
6.1.4 Interframe Gap........................................................................................ 78
6.1.5 Frame Size and Efficiency ...................................................................... 79
6.1.6 VLAN Tagging ......................................................................................... 79
6.1.7 MPLS ...................................................................................................... 82
6.1.8 Ethernet Standards and Resources ....................................................... 82
6.2 IP Overview ....................................................................................................... 84
6.2.1 TCP......................................................................................................... 84
6.2.2 ICMP and Ping ....................................................................................... 85
6.2.3 Routers ................................................................................................... 85
6.2.4 Gateways ............................................................................................... 85
6.2.5 DNS ........................................................................................................ 86
6.2.6 DHCP...................................................................................................... 86
6.2.7 ARP ........................................................................................................ 86
6.3 Service Information............................................................................................ 87
6.3.2 Handling Optical Fiber ............................................................................ 87
6.3.3 Cleaning Optical Fiber .................................................................................... 88
6.4 Testing and Calibration Statement ..................................................................... 89
6.5 Customer Service .............................................................................................. 90
6.6 Express Limited Warranty .................................................................................. 92
Index ................................................................................................................................... 95
4 SunLite GigE
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of Functions

The SunLite GigE is a powerful tool for the installation, maintenance, and trouble-
shooting of Gigabit Ethernet services in a low-cost, handheld platform. It provides
physical layer to IP layer testing capabilities.
Key Features
• Full 10/100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps) line rate traffic generation
• Performs throughput, latency, frame loss, and back-to-back tests per RFC-2544
• BER, and ITU-T Y.1564 testing at Layer 2, and Layer 3 (IP), for Gigabit Ethernet
and IP services
• IP verification with Ping, Trace Route, and IP Throughput across a routed network
and Web Access Test
• Generate up to 8 traffic flows with different MAC address, VLAN tags
• MLPS, IP address, payload and bandwidth configurations
• Class of Service (CoS) (via VLAN P-bit) and IP Type of Service (ToS)/DSCP
traffic prioritization settings
• Dual Port 10/100/1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-X interfaces
• Control/Respond Loopback feature to loop-up/down a far end MTT Ethernet test
module, or to a GigE Responder and VeEX test equipment.
• Test Profiles for fast and efficient test set configuration and operation
1.2 Important Safeguards and Precautions

Utmost care has been taken in the manufacture of the SunLite GigE. Please keep
the following instructions in mind while using the SunLite GigE.
• Please keep the SunLite GigE away from fire, extremely hot areas, water or
moisture of any kind.
• Do not service your SunLite GigE by yourself.
• Opening the SunLite GigE housing will void the warranty
• Always follow the SunLite GigE instructions.
• Always follow the state law or company regulations on the port scanning or IP
address PING test.
1.3 SunLite GigE Package Contents

The SunLite GigE package includes the following:
• SunLite GigE
• One Li-Ion rechargeable battery pack
• One AC/DC adaptor, input 100-240V, output 12V/2.0A.
• One CD with User’s Manual and Firmware upgrade tools
• One protective bumper case with built-in stand
• One carry case
GigE 5
1.4 Specifications
Display 320 X 240 TFT LCD
Power • Li-Ion rechargeable battery, lasts up to 4 hours with
link at full wire speed.
• Battery Pack with AC/DC adaptor (100—240 VAC,
2A, 50/60 Hz).
Interface • Two 10/100/1000Mbps RJ45 port compliant with
IEEE 802.3 for 10Mbps, 802.3u for 100Mbps,
802.3ab for 1000Mbps.
• SFP fiber port for 850nm, 1310nm, or 1550nm
transceiver, compliant with IEEE 802.3z.
• Auto switched between the 2 ports depends on
connected interface. Fiber has higher priority when
both ports are connected.
LEDs 4 LEDs:
• LINK/ACT for 10/100/1000Base-T and 1000Base-X,
Port 1
• LINK/ACT for 10/100/1000Base-T and 1000Base-X,
Port 2
• POWER status
• BATTERY status
Weight Less than 500g with battery.
Audio Audible tone to indicate key input.
Operating Temperature 0—40º C
Operating Humidity 10—85 % (non-condensing).
Table 1 SunLite GigE Specifications
6 SunLite GigE
2 Physical Description
RJ45 and SFP

Ethernet ports
LEDs
COM (for
service)
IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 12:38:02
Link Up:100 Mbps Full Duplex
Off; press
BERT IP
RFC-2544 Loopback Utility POWER
Throughput Features to restart
Configuration DC 12V
Measurement
Shutdown About Profile Report
F1 F2 F3 F4 Function keys,
F-keys
F1 F2 F3 F4
(Up), (Down),
(Left), (Right),
(Enter) keys
USB port
C P
Esc, POWER, and
POWER Set keys
Figure 1 SunLite GigE Screen View
GigE 7
2.1 Front Features
2.1.1 Keypad Functions

POWER: Press and hold POWER until the SunLite GigE LEDs light up. To power
off, press Shutdown (F1) from the main menu. In the message window, select
Shutdown using , , then press . Alternatively, press and hold POWER for longer than
four seconds.
, , , : Move the cursor to select an item. Also often used to increase or de-
crease a selected value by 1.
: After completing a setting or a data entry, press (enter) to activate the
setting or confirm the data entry.
Set: Switch between pre-programmed values for a selected item. Look for Set in
this User’s Manual.
Esc: Exit (escape) a menu by going back one screen. Look for Esc in this User’s
Manual.
F1, F2, F3, F4: Use these soft function Throughput Test
keys for selecting the corresponding item
in each menu shown on the bottom of the Test Layer: Layer 2
Src MAC: 00 D0 DD 0F 80 00
screen. See Figure 2 for the screen
Dest MAC: 00 0D DD 08 00 01
relationships.
VLAN Tag
• In this example, F1 is associated with VLAN1 VLAN2 VLAN3
Set, F2 is associated with Test, F3 is
associated with Save, and F4 is as-
sociated with PgDn.
Set Test Save PgDn
• In this manual, F-keys are indicated
in text such as Set (F1), Test (F2) and
so on. F1 F2 F3 F4
Figure 2 F-Keys and Screen Rela-

tionships
2.1.2 LEDs
There are four LED at the top of the front of the SunLite GigE.
LINK/ACT: Flashing green indicates activity on the 10/100/1000Mbps link.
POWER/BATTERY: Indicates Power and battery status.
• Green: Normal battery power.
• Red: Low battery.
• Flashing red: Connect the SunLite GigE to the AC/DC adaptor as soon as
possible.
8 SunLite GigE
2.2 Top Connectors
RJ45 Port: Electrical Copper interface port that supports 10/100/1000 Mbps link.
SFP Port: Fiber Optical interface for SFP transceivers, the port can support both
the single-mode gigabit transceiver and multi-mode gigabit transceivers.
To Insert a Transceiver
Caution: Use of non VeEX transceivers will void the test set war-
ranty.
1. Align the transceiver label side with the battery side of SunLite GigE .
2. Insert the transceiver into the SFP port. There will be a clicking sound when the
transceiver is properly seated.
3. When ready for use, remove any protective caps on the interface end of the
transceiver.
To Remove a Transceiver
1. Install the protective cap on the interface end of the transceiver.
2. Grip the outer edge of the transceiver and pull it away from the SunLite GigE.
GigE 9
2.3 Right Side Connectors
12 V DC: Connect the supplied AC/DC adaptor to this port.
Off: Powers the SunLite GigE down (off).
COM: This port is used only by the factory.
: USB: When a USB memory stick is inserted, the icon will turn from gray to
black.
2.4 Back Side Features

The battery is found under the panel on the back side of the SunLite GigE.
2.4.1 Battery Replacement

When the battery does not hold a charge, it needs to be replaced. Use the follow-
ing procedure:
1. Shutdown the SunLite GigE.
2. Remove the one screw that retains the battery cover.
3. Pull the cover away from the chassis.
4. Pull the battery away from the chassis.
5. Unplug the battery from the SunLite GigE.
6. Plug the new battery into the SunLite GigE.
7. Position the new battery into the chassis.
8. Place the cover in position and secure with the screw.
9. Connect the supplied AC/DC adaptor.
10. Charge the battery before use.
2.4.2 Battery Care and Storage

Observe these basic battery care procedures to avoid possible damage to the
battery and to maintain it’s performance.
Warnings
• Failure to observe the following procedures and precautions can result in elec-
trolyte leaks, heat generation, bursting, fire, and serious personal injury.
• Battery electrolyte is a strong colorless alkaline solution, which is extremely
corrosive and will burn skin.
- If skin comes in contact with the electrolyte from the battery, thoroughly wash
the area immediately with clean water.
- If clothing comes in contact with the electrolyte from the battery, discard the
clothing.
- If any fluid from the battery comes in contact with eyes, immediately flush
thoroughly with clean water and consult a doctor. The electrolyte can cause
permanent loss of eyesight.
• Keep the battery out of reach of children.
Cautions
• Never dispose the battery in a fire.
• Never heat the battery.
• Never strike or drop the battery.
10 SunLite GigE
• Do not apply water, or other oxidizing agents to the battery. This will cause
corrosion and heat generation. If the battery becomes rusted, the gas release
vent may no longer operate and cause the battery to burst.
• Do not charge the battery using an AC/DC adapter not specified by VeEX.
Charge the battery only with the VeEX AC/DC adapter that came with the test
set.
- If the battery is not fully charged after the battery charger’s predetermined
charging period has elapsed, stop the charging process. Prolonged charging
may cause leakage of battery fluid, heat generation, and or bursting.
- Charge the battery within a temperature range of 0°C (+32°F) to +40°C
(+104°F).
• Do not use the battery if it leaks fluid or changes shape; otherwise it may cause
heat generation, bursting, and fire.
• Do not short circuit the battery by connecting the positive (+) and negative (-)
terminals together with electrically conductive materials, such as lead wires,
etc.
• Do not connect the battery directly to a power source or the cigarette lighter
socket in a car. Use the optional specified cigarette lighter charger from VeEX.
• Never disassemble the battery. Doing so may cause an internal or external short
circuit, or result in exposed material of battery reacting chemically with the air. It
may also cause heat generation, bursting, and/or fire.
• Never modify or reconstruct the battery pack. Protective devices are built into the
battery pack. If damaged, excessive current flow may cause loss of control
during charging or discharging of the battery, which can result in leakage of
battery fluid, heat generation, bursting, and/or fire.
• When the battery operating time becomes much shorter than its initial operating
time even after recharged, the battery has reached its end of life and should be
replaced with a new one.
Extended Battery Storage

• Fully charge the battery before storing.
• Remove the battery from the test set as described in Section 2.4.1.
• Do not store the battery in high temperatures, such as direct sunlight, in cars dur-
ing hot weather, or near any other heat source. This will impair the performance
and shorten the operating life of the battery, and may cause battery leakage.
- For maximum battery life, store the battery between -20°C (-4°F) and +30°C
(+86°F).
• During storage, the battery will need to be regularly recharged. The interval
ranges from approximately 30 to 90 days at temperatures between -20°C (-4°F)
and +30°C (+86°F). In general, the higher the storage temperature the shorter
the recharge cycle.
- To recharge, install the battery into the test set and use the supplied VeEX
Telecom battery charger to recharge the battery.
- Charge the battery within a temperature range of 0°C (+32°F) to +40°C
(+104°F).
• After long-term storage, there is a possibility that the battery will not fully re-
charge. To fully charge it, charge and discharge the battery for a few times. Use
the test set to discharge the battery.
GigE 11
12 SunLite GigE
3 Operation and Menus
1. Make sure the battery is properly installed and it is fully charged before opera-
tion.
2. Plug in the cable into the RJ45 connector or insert in the desired SFP transceiver
into the fiber slot for a fiber link.
3. Press and hold the Power key for three seconds to turn on the SunLite GigE.
4. When the power is on, the booting process will begin:
• The screen will be blank while the firmware is loaded.
• The LINK/ACT LED will blink, indicating that the system is booting.
• The screen will display the VeEX logo once the firmware has been
loaded and the software is being loaded.
5. At the end of the process, the main menu screen appears, as in Figure 4:
Figure 4 Main Menu Screen
Make selections using , , , . Once you make a selection, press .

Note: Menu paths are indicated throughout this manual using this convention:
Configuration/IP Config> means to:
Select Configuration by using , , , , then select IP Config. A selection is indicated
on the screen by a darkened box with white text, or by just a darkened box.
>: Press after a selection is made.
The upper section of the main menu screen conveys valuable information:
• Current IP address mode (STATIC or DHCP) and the IP address that is assigned
to the SunLite GigE after start up. In Figure 4; IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159.
• Current time of day using a 24 hour format. In Figure 4; 12:38:02.
• Link media, copper ( ), or fiber ( ).
- Green indicates a connection.
- White indicates no connection.
• Link status, link speed, and link mode. In Figure 4 it: Link up: 100 Mbps Full
Duplex.
• Battery icon ( ). When the AC/DC adaptor is connected to a mains, the plug icon
within the battery icon indicates that the system is plugged in and charging. The
battery part of the icon shows the batteries current charge level; all green is
100%.
GigE 13
The battery icon works with the SunLite GigE battery LED to indicate battery
condition and when to connect the AC/DC adaptor for charging. When the LED
flashes red, use the AC/DC adaptor.
• : USB port. When a USB memory stick is inserted, the icon will turn from
gray to black.
The following items are dependent on the menu selection, BERT Throughput is
shown as an example:
BERT Throughput Screen F-Keys

Shutdown (F1): View a window with three choices:
• Shutdown: Safely shutdown the SunLite GigE.
• Reboot: Restart the SunLite GigE.
• Quit: Escape from this window and return to the previous screen. Use ,
to make a selection, and press to execute your choice.
About (F2): View the following basic information about the SunLite GigE:
• Available memory
• Hardware version
• Firmware version
• FPGA version
• Serial Number (SN)
• MAC address
When finished viewing, press the Esc key.
Profile (F3): Access saved BERT Throughput configurations (profiles) for use in
running a BERT. See Section 3.1.1.2.2.
Report (F4): View a list of all results saved on the unit.
- Press Open (F1) to view the highlighted report. Scroll through the profile
and test results, then press Return (F4).
- Press Delete (F2) to delete the highlighted report.
The main menu screen has the following selections arranged in a row near the
top of the screen:
• Configuration
• Measurement
The menus within these selections are discussed in the following subsections.
14 SunLite GigE
3.1 BERT Throughput
BERT is used for testing and verifying the transmission quality of the Ethernet link.
The BERT Throughput menu contains:
• Configuration
• Measurement
3.1.1 BERT Configuration

The first screen displayed after entering BERT Configuration is shown on the top
left of Figure 5. These screens show the configuration of each stream. Eight
streams are available.
To view each screen, use or . See Section 3.1.1.1 for details on the parameters
of each stream.
Stream Table Stream Table Stream Table

# Structure Length Traffic MAC Source MAC Destinatio
1 MAC-VLAN3-MPLS1-IP-TCP 98 Constant,99% 00- 00-D0-DD-DF-90-00 00-0A-17-E1-10-
2 MAC 64 Constant,1% 00- 00-D0-DD-0F-90-00 00-0A-17-E1-10-
On/Off Edit Menu Stat On/Off Edit Menu Stat On/Off Edit Menu Stat

MAC Destination Type VLAN MPLS Label MPLS Label LLC
00-0A-17-E1-10-01 Length 1 - 1 - 1 00000 - N/A - N 00000 - N/A - N/A 00-00-00
00-0A-17-E1-10-02 Length 1 - N/A - N/A 00000 - N/A - N 00000 - N/A - N/A N/A

SNAP IP Source IP Destination TCP/UDP Source Port TCP/UOP Dest. Port Pattern
00-00-00-00-00 192.168.1.250 192.168.1.251 0 0 2^31 - 1
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2^31 - 1
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2^31 - 1
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2^31 - 1
N/A 2^31 - 1
N/A 2^31 - 1
N/A 2^31 - 1
N/A 2^31 - 1
Figure 5 BERT Stream Tables
Stream Table F-Keys

On/Off (F1): Select a stream using or , then press this F-key to switch the stream
on or off. On is indicated by √, as shown in the top left screen in Figure 5. When
on, the stream is used in the BERT.
Edit (F2): Select a stream using or , then press this F-key to edit its parameters.
See Section 3.1.1.1 for details.
Menu (F3): Displays an on-screen sub-menu containing general settings and com-
mands for the BERT. To make a selection in this menu, use or then press . Press Esc
to escape from the sub-menu. See the Section 3.1.1.2 for details.
Start (F4): View the BERT Statistics screens. See Section 3.1.2 for details.
GigE 15
3.1.1.1 Stream Configuration
Using the following screens, configure each stream used in the BERT. Press EDIT (F2)
in the BERT Stream Table to access the first screen after selecting a stream.
Stream Configuration F-Keys
On/Off (F1 or F2): Use or to select a Stream Configuration #1
BERT parameter, then press this F-key Frame Structure
to switch it on or off. On is indicated by a MAC VLAN MPLS
check mark, as shown in Figure 8. When IP TCP/UDP PAYLOAD
on, the item is used in the BERT. Frame Size: 90 Bytes
Traffic Shape
Edit (F2): Use or to highlight an item, then
Constant Ramp Burst
press this F-key to edit its parameters.
Mode: % Kbps Mbps
See the following BERT parameters for
Rate: 1 %
details.
On/Off Edit OK NEXT
Figure 6 Stream Configuration
OK (F3 or F4): When finished with the Stream Configuration screen, press OK to
return to the BERT Stream Table screen, shown in Figure 6.
NEXT (F4): Configure the next (on) stream from the BERT Stream Table screen.
Common Configuration Actions
To use just one stream, move the cursor key to the first entry field, and begin
configuring it as required.
The highlighted parameter (for example: IEEE 802.3 in the right screen of Figure
8, and Fixed in the left screen) is the active parameter; the one you can affect. Text
is highlighted in white (IEEE 802.3) ; a field (MAC Src) is highlighted in blue.
Oftentimes, you will press On/Off (F1) to turn the parameter on or off. Once on,
it's configuration items become available. In Figure 8, pressing Edit (F2) on the
highlighted MAC field brings up the MAC configuration screen shown to the left.
To enter number data, such as MAC addresses and VLAN tags.
• Use the +1, +10, or +100 F-key to increment the number by the indicated quantity.
Press OK (F4) when you're through. - OR -
• Press on the configuration field (e.g. MAC Src on the right of Figure 6),
and use the keyboard which appears to enter the data.
Keyboard F-Keys
Mac Configuration
Frame Type
Del (F1): Delete the character just to
the left of the cursor; erase a mistake
Ethernet II Type: 8848
IEEE 802.3 LLC SNAP Clr (F2): Delete all of the characters in
MAC Src.: 00 D0 DD 0F 80 00 the entry field; start over.
10:D0:D0:05:00:38 Enter (F3): Add the highlighted (1,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 here) keyboard character to the field.
A B C D E F : OK (F4): Accept the changes and
Del Clr Enter OK return to the previous screen.
Figure 7 Soft Keyboard Data Entry
16 SunLite GigE
Auto Fill: Many parameters may be filled out across multiple streams. To make this
easier, use the Auto Fill feature.
Action Column: Decide how the stream table will be filled out.
• Fixed: The settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed
value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream
in the Stream Table.
• Increment: The settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incre-
mented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the
Stream Table.
• Decrement: The settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Decre-
mented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the
Stream Table.
• Random: The last several bytes of the setting are filled with a random
value.
Affect Stream: Decide how many streams are affected by the changes.
• Current Only: The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and
Decrement options will have the same effect as Fixed.
• From Current: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those
that come after it in the Stream Table.
• All Streams: The changes will affect all streams, beginning with the first
stream in the Stream Table.
Start (parameter): Enter the address/tag value that the BERT will start at.
• Use +10 (F1) and +1 (F2) to set the digit, increasing the value by 10 or 1.
• Use or to change the digit, or press to bring up the soft keyboard for
data entry.
• Use the default address by pressing Default (F3)
• Press Apply (F4) to accept the changes and return to the previous configura-
tion screen.
BERT Throughput Parameters
MAC
Select √ (on) to use source and destination hardware addresses. Press Edit (F2)
to configure the Mac Configuration screen shown on the left in Figure 8:
Mac Configuration Source MAC Autofill

Frame Type Action Affect Stream
Ethernet II Type: 8848 Fixed Current Only
Increment From Current
IEEE 802.3 LLC SNAP
Decrement All Streams
MAC Src.: 00 D0 DD 0F 80 00
Random Start MAC:
Dest MAC: 00 0D DD 08 00 01
Exc. Multi. 00 D0 DD
Exc. Bcst. 0F 80 00
Step Size: 1
+10 Swap Auto Fill OK On/Off Swap Apply
Figure 8 Mac Configuration and MAC Auto Fill Screens
GigE 17
Frame Type
Select the type of frame used for the BERT, Ethernet II or IEEE 802.3 by pressing
On/Off (F1). Type is fixed along with LLC and SNAP.
MAC Src. and MAC Dst.

Use +10 (F1) or the soft keyboard (described at the beginning of this subsection)
to set the digit. Use or to change the digit of the MAC source and MAC desti-
nation addresses, or press Auto Fill (F3), and configure the Source or Dst. MAC.
Auto Fill screen are shown on the right in Figure 8. The Source and Dst. MAC Auto
Fill screens work in the same manner.
Press 'Swap' to exchange the digits in the Src. and Dst. fields.
MAC Auto Fill
In the MAC Auto Fill screens, select the type of Action for the source/destination
MAC address.
Fixed: The MAC settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed
value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream in the
Stream Table.
Increment: The MAC settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incre-
mented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream
Table.
Decrement: The MAC settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Dec-
remented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the
Stream Table.
Random: The last several bytes of the setting are filled with a random value.
Exc. Multi.: Exclude Multicast addresses from the changes.
Exc. Bcst.: Exclude Broadcast addresses from the changes.
In the Affect Stream section select:
Current Only: The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and Decre-
ment options will have the same effect as Fixed.
From Current: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those that come
after it in the Stream Table.
All Streams: The changes will affect all streams, beginning with the first stream
Start MAC: Enter the starting MAC address that the BERT will start by using +10
(F1) and +1 (F2) to set the digit. Use or to change the digit or use the default
address by pressing Default (F3).
Step Size: Determine the increment step between each MAC address. This only
applies to Increment and Decrement. Use the soft keyboard or the +100 (F1), +10
(F2), and +1 (F3) F-Keys to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by 1 as well.
When finished with the MAC Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4)
When finished with the MAC Configuration screen, press OK (F4).
18 SunLite GigE
VLAN
Select √ (on) to use Virtual Local Area Network tags. Press Edit (F2) on the Stream
Table to configure the VLAN screen shown on the left in Figure 9.
VLAN VLAN 1 Autofill

#1 TPID : 8100 CFI : 1
Action Affect Stream
VLAN ID : 1 Pri. : 0
Fixed Current Only
#2 TPID : 8100 CFI : 0 Increment From Current
VLAN ID : 1 Pri. : 0 Decrement All Streams
#3 TPID : 8100 CFI : 0 Start: Step Size:
Pri. 0 1
VLAN ID : 1 Pri. : 0
CFI 1 1
VLAN ID 1 1
On/Off Auto Fill OK On/Off Apply
Figure 9 VLAN and VLAN Auto Fill Screens
In the left VLAN screen shown in Figure 9 choose the number (#1, #2, #3) of VLAN
tags to use in the BERT by pressing On/Off (F2). If √ (on) set:
TPID: Tag control is fixed at 8100.
CFI: The Canonical Format Indicator should almost always be set to 0 to be com-
patible with Ethernet switches.
VLAN ID: Enter a VLAN ID from 0 to 4095.
Pri: Enter the priority from 0-7.
You may also use the VLAN Auto Fill screen shown on the right in Figure 9 to set
the following actions for the VLAN tags:
Fixed: The VLAN settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the
Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream
Increment: The VLAN settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incre-
Table.
Decrement: The VLAN settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Dec-
Stream Table.
For the selected action, select the affected streams:
Set the Start and Step size of:
Pri.: 0-7 for both
CFI: 0 or 1 for both
VLAN ID: 0-4095 for both
When finished with the VLAN Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4)
When finished with the VLAN screen, press OK (F4).
GigE 19
MPLS
Select √ (on) at MPLS in the Frame Structure of the Stream Configuration screen
to use Multiprotocol Label Switching labels. Press Edit (F2) to configure the MPLS
screen, as shown on the left in Figure 10. See Common Configuration Actions at
the beginning of this subsection for details on filling in the data.
MPLS MPLS 1 Autofill

Unicast Multicast
#1 Label : 0 Exp. : 0
Fixed Current Only
S : TTL :
1 0 Increment From Current
#2 Label : Exp. : Decrement All Streams
0 0
S : TTL : Start: Step Size:
1 0
#3 Label : Exp. : Label 0 1
0 0
S : TTL : Exp 1 1
1 0
TTL 1 1
Auto Fill OK On/Off Apply
Figure 10 MPLS and MPLS Auto Fill Screens
In the MPLS screen (left of Figure 10), choose Unicast or Multicast MPLS tags by
pressing On/Off (F1).
Unicast: A unicast frame is destined to a single device.
Multicast: A multicast frame is intended for multiple devices on the network.
Next, select the number (#1, #2, #3) of MPLS tags to use as MPLS identifiers. Press
On/Off (F2) if √ (on) is set. Use Auto Fill (F2), described at the beginning of this
subsection, to configure multiple streams, or press and use the soft keyboard to
configure the tag, also described at the beginning of this subsection.
Label: Enter an MPLS label from 0-1048578.
Exp.: Enter a number from 0-7.
• This is generally used to distinguish class of service, or per hop behavior, for
differing classes of traffic traveling within the MPLS tunnel (AKA Label Switched
Path - LSP).
S.: Enter an end of Stack label, 0 or 1. Represents the last MPLS label in the
packet.
TTL: Enter an Time To Live label that will expire at the conclusion of this number
of time-to-live hops from 0-255.
You may also use the MPLS Auto Fill screen shown on the right in Figure 10 to set
the following actions for the MPLS tags:
Action
Fixed: The MPLS settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the
Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream
Increment: The MPLS settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incre-
Table.
20 SunLite GigE
Decrement: The MPLS settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Dec-
Stream Table.
Affect Streams
Current Only The selected stream will only be affected. The Increment and Decre-
From Current:: The changes will affect the selected stream and all those that come
Set the Start and Step size of by using by using or to change the digit:
Label.: 0-1048578 for both
Exp: 0-7 for both
TTL: 0 or 1 for both
When finished with the MPLS Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4)
When finished with the MPLS screen, press OK (F4).
IP
Select √ (on) at IP in the Frame Structure of the Stream Configuration screen to
use Internet Protocol. Press Edit (F2) to configure the IP Address, as shown on the
left in Figure 11. See Common Configuration Actions at the beginning of this
subsection for details on filling in the data.
Figure 11 IP Address and IP Header Screens
In the IP Address screen configure:
IP Header Soft Keyboard Note: To enter a number, select a field to edit by using , . Then use the soft
keyboard, or the F-Keys, +100 (F1) or +10 (F2), to set the digit. Use or to change
the digit.
IP Source: Source IP address is the IP address of the SunLite GigE. Auto Fill is also
available, it is described the Auto Fill section at the beginning of this subsection.
IP Dst.: Enter a Destination IP address. Auto Fill is also available.
IP GW: Enter a Gateway address.
MAC Src.: View the MAC Source address.
MAC Dst.: View the MAC Destination. address.
GigE 21
• Press ARP (F3) to retrieve the MAC Destination address An ARP message
screen will pop up, reporting the finding.
Mask: Enter a Subnet Mask address.
You may edit the IP Header by pressing Header (F3) while in an IP parameter.
IP Header Screen
If desired, press Header (F3) in the BERT IP Address screen, and configure the IP
Header, shown in Figure 11.
IP Ver (Version) and Hdr (Header) Length are display only.
Frag. Flag: Fragment Flags. Specify from 0-111; if unsure use 0.
Frag. Offset: Specify the Fragment Offset byte count from the start of the original
sent packet set by any router which performs IP router fragmentation from 0-4095. If
unsure use 0.
TOS: Select the Type Of Service in the
Type Of Service
screen shown to the right by pressing
Edit (F2). RFC1349
Precedence(RFC 791): 000-Routine
Note: You may also enter the code by
pressing or in the IP Header screen. Type of service: 0000-Normal Service
MBZ: 1-Special
The prioritization of test traffic with
different Quality of Service settings, is RFC2474
based on the TOS (RFC 1349) or Bit 0~5(DSCP) 000000

DSCP (RFC 2474) values. Bit 6~7(CU) 01
In the Type of Service screen set the Set OK

following: Figure 12 Type Of Service
• RFC1349: Prioritize the test traffic based on the Precedence and TOS values
of the Type of Service field.
- Precedence (RFC 791): Press Set (F3) to select one of the following:
000 - Routine 001 - Priority 010 - Immediate
011 - Flash 100 - Flash Override 101 - Internetwork Cntrl
111 - Network Cntrl
- Type of Service: Press Set (F3) to select one of the following:
0000 - Normal Service 0001 - Min Monetary Cost
0010 - Max Reliability 0100 - Max Throughput 1000 - Min Delay
- MBZ: The Must Be Zero field should be set to 0. Routers and recipients of
datagrams ignore this field because it is currently unused. Unless testing
as part of an Internet Protocol experiment that makes use of this bit, then the
value should be 0. Press Set (F3) to select one of the following:
0 - Normal 1 - Special
• RFC2474: If selected, use the default value of “001000 01” or enter any value
in binary format (0 and 1 bits).
The first six bits (Bit 0~5) are the DS (Differentiated Services) filed bits, and the
last two bits (Bits 6~7) are part of a CU (Currently Unused) field.
For further information on DS field values, see RFC 2474.
When finished with the Type Of Service screen, press OK (F4) to return to the IP
Header screen.
22 SunLite GigE
IP Header, continued
TTL: Select the number of hops (0-255) that a datagram can take to reach its
destination before it is discarded. 64 and 128 are common settings.
Identifier: Enter the identifier bits; 0000-FFFF.
Protocol: Select the protocol number (0-255). If unsure use 6. The common num-
bers are shown in Table 3.
Code Abbreviation Protocol
000 HOPOPT IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option
001 ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
002 IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
006 TCP Transmission Control Protocol
017 UDP User Datagram Protocol
Table 3 Protocols
IP Header F-Keys
• When finished configuring, press OK (F4) to return to the IP Address screen.
• Press Restore (F3) to return to default settings.
IP Auto Fill Screens
Press Auto Fill (F2) in the IP Address screen, to configure the IP addresses for
multiple streams at one time.
Source IP Autofill Dest. IP Autofill

Fixed Current Only Action Affect Stream
Increment From Current Fixed Current Only
Decrement All Streams Increment From Current
Decrement All Streams
Start: 192 168 1 250
Start: 192 168 1 251
Step Size: 1
Step Size: 1
On/Off Apply On/Off Apply
Figure 13 IP Auto Fill Screens
Press Auto Fill (F3) while IP Source is selected to bring up he left screen in Figure
13. The right screen in Figure 13 shows the resulting screen when Auto Fill (F3) is
pressed while IP Dst. is selected. Both screens work in the same manner.
Use the Auto Fill screens to set the following actions for the IP Addresses:
Action
Fixed: The IP settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Apply the Fixed
value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first stream in the
Stream Table.
Increment: The IP settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Incremented
value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the Stream Table.
Decrement: The IP settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the Decre-
Table.
GigE 23
Affect Streams
Set the following:
Start: Enter the starting Source or Destination IP Address by using 100 (F1), 10
(F2), and 1 (F3) to set the digit. Use or to change the digit.
Step Size: Enter the Step Size by pressing the key and using the soft keyboard, or use
the +100 (F1), +10 (F2), and +1 (F3) F-Keys to set the digit, as explained at the
beginning of the subsection. Use or to change the digit from 0-255.
When finished with the IP Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4)
When finished with the IP Address screen, press OK (F4).
TCP/UDP
Select √ (on) at TCP/UDP in the Frame Structure of the Stream Configuration
screen to use TCP/UDP. Press Edit (F2) to configure the TCP/UDP screen shown on
the left in Figure 14.
TCP/UDP Ports TCP Header

Header Type Flags
Seq NO.: 00 00 00 00
TCP URG
Ack NO.: 00 00 00 00
PSH
UDP Data Offset: 0000
RST
Src. Port : 0 Reserved: 000000
SYN
Window Size: 00 00
Dest. Port: 0 FIN
Urgent Pointer: 00 00
Header On/Off OK On/Off OK
Figure 14 TCP/UDP Ports and TCP Header Screens
In the TCP/UDP Ports screen, shown on the left in Figure 14, choose a Header
Type by pressing On/Off (F1):
• TCP: Transmission Control Protocol is a core protocol of IP (Internet Protocol).
TCP provides reliable, in-order delivery of a stream of bytes, making it suitable
for applications like file transfer and e-mail. It is so important in IP that some-
times the entire suite is referred to as TCP/IP. TCP is the transport protocol that
manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients.
TCP divides the HTTP messages into smaller pieces, called segments, to be
sent to the destination client. It is also responsible for controlling the size and
rate at which messages are exchanged between the server and the client.
• UDP: User Datagram Protocol is a core protocol of IP. Using UDP, programs on
networked computers can send short messages sometimes known as da-
tagrams (using Datagram Sockets) to one another. UDP is sometimes called
the Universal Datagram Protocol.
24 SunLite GigE
In the same screen, choose the Src (Source) Port and Dst. (Destination) Port using
the soft keyboard or the +10000 (F1), +1000 (F2), +100 (F3) F-Keys to set the digit.
Use or to change the digit by one. Auto Fill is also available, it is described the Port
Auto Fill section following.
Soft Keyboard
If TCP was selected, you may edit the TCP Header in the right screen shown in
Figure 14:
TCP Header
Flags
Choose Flags (Control bits) by pressing On/Off (F3)
• URG: Urgent pointer field.
• PSH: Push function.
• RST: Reset the connection.
• SYN: Synchronize sequence numbers.
• FIN: No more data from sender.
Enter the following by using the soft keypad (press ) or the +1000, +100, +10
or +1 F-Keys to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by 1.
• Seq NO.: Sequence Number (32 bits) has a dual role. If the SYN flag is present,
then this is the initial sequence number and the first data byte is the sequence
number plus 1. If the SYN flag is not present, then the first data byte is the
sequence number.
• Ack NO.: Acknowledgement number (32 bits). If the ACK flag is set then the
value of this field is the next expected byte that the receiver is expecting.
• Data Offset: This (4 bits) specifies the size of the TCP header in 32-bit words. The
minimum size header is 5 words and the maximum is 15 words thus giving the
minimum size of 20 bytes and maximum of 60 bytes. This field gets its name from
the fact that it is also the offset from the start of the TCP packet to the data.
• Reserved: This (4 bits) is for future use and should be set to 0000.
• Window Size: This (16 bits) is the size of the receive window, which specifies the
number of bytes (beyond the sequence number in the acknowledgment field)
that the receiver is currently willing to receive.
• Urgent Pointer: If the URG flag is set, then this 16-bit field is an offset from the
sequence number indicating the last urgent data byte.
When finished with the TCP Header screen, move to where OK (F4) is displayed
and press it to return to the TCP/UDP Ports screen.
TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens

The left screen in Figure 15 shows the resulting screen when Auto Fill (F4) is
pressed while Src. Port is selected on the TCP/UDP Ports screen.
The right screen in Figure 15 shows the resulting screen when Auto Fill (F4) is
pressed while Dst. Port is selected. Both screens work in the same manner.
GigE 25
Source Port Autofill Dest. Port Autofill
Action Affect Stream Action Affect Stream
Fixed Current Only Fixed Current Only
Increment From Current Increment From Current
Decrement All Streams Decrement All Streams
Start: 0 Start: 0
Step Size: 1 Step Size: 1
On/Off Apply On/Off Apply
Figure 15 TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens
Action
Fixed: The TCP/UDP port settings will be identical for all applicable streams. Ap-
ply the Fixed value to the current stream, from the current stream, or from the first
stream in the Stream Table.
Increment: The TCP/UDP port settings will increase by one each time. Apply the
Incremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the
Stream Table.
Decrement: The TCP/UDP port settings will decrease by one each time. Apply the
Decremented value starting with the current stream, or with the first stream in the
Stream Table.
Affect Streams
Set the following:
Start: Enter the starting Source or Destination Port by using the soft keyboard
(press ) or the +10000 (F1), +1000 (F2), +100 (F3) and +10 (F1) F-Keys to set the
digit. Use or to change the digit by one.
Step Size: Enter the Step Size by using 10000 (F1), 1000 (F2), 100 (F3) and 10 (F4)
to set the digit. Use or to change the digit from 0-65535.
When finished with the Port Auto Fill screen, press Apply (F4).
When finished with the IP Address screen, press OK (F4).
26 SunLite GigE
PAYLOAD
Test Pattern
Select (on) to use PAYLOAD. Press
Edit (F2) to configure the Test Pattern Invert Pattern
screen, shown in Figure 17. Sequence Number
Invert Pattern: Press On/Off to trans- Time Stamp:
mit the selected test pattern inverted. Test Pattern: User

This works with the following patterns: User: 00 00
2^31-1, 2^23-1, 2^20-1, 2^15-1 and
2^7-1. Press Set (F3) to scroll through
the choices. User is also available.
Set OK
enable. Figure 16 Test Pattern Screen

Time Stamp: Press Set (F3) to enable.
Notes
• Measurements will only display counters for Lost Frames, Duplicate Frames,
and Out-of-Sequence frames if Sequence Number is checked.
• SunLite GigE measures the time it takes for each test frame to pass through the
DUT. The value reported for latency only applies when the far end is in loopback
mode. If two test sets are performing and end-to-end Throughput test with the
VeEX Tag enabled, the displayed latency results will not be accurate.
Test Pattern: Press Set to select a pattern. Here are the definitions.
• 2^31-1: Industry-standard 231-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is
formed from a 31-stage shift register and is not zero-constrained. This pattern
contains up to 30 zeros in a row.
• 2^7-1: Industry-standard 27-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed
from a 8-stage shift register and is not zero-constrained. This pattern contains
up to 7 zeros in a row.
• 1111: Industry-standard all 1s pattern.
• 0000: Industry-standard all zeros pattern.
• Increment: The payload is filled with incremental bytes: 00 01 02 03...
• Decrement: The payload is filled with decremental bytes: FF FE FD FC...
• User: If selected, enter a two byte custom hexadecimal test pattern in the User
fields.
User: Enter a custom hexadecimal test pattern, using the soft keyboard (press
) or the +10 (F2) and +1 (F1) F-Keys to set the digit. Use or to change
the digit by one.
When finished with the Test Pattern screen, press OK (F4) to return to the Stream
Soft Keyboard Configuration screen.
GigE 27
Stream Configuration, continued
Frame Size
Enter the total length of the Ethernet frame, in bytes. Use +1000 (F1), +100 (F2)
and/or +10 (F3) to set the digit. Use or to change the digit by 1.
The frame length includes the MAC header and the Frame Check Sequence, but
not the Preamble or Start of Frame Deliminator.
The SunLite GigE allows for undersized and oversized frames. The maximum frame
size is 12,000 bytes. Table 4 shows the minimum values based on format.
Format Undersized Oversized Minimum Allowed
MAC Under 64 Over 1518 30
MAC + VLAN Under 68 Over 1522 34
MAC + 2 VLAN Under 72 Over 1526 38
MAC + 3 VLAN Under 76 Over 1530 42
MAC + IP Under 64 Over 1518 58
Note: Each VLAN tag or MPLS label increases the minimum allowed frame size
by 4 bytes.
Table 4 10/100/1000M Ethernet Frame Length Options
Traffic Shape: Set the traffic shape.

• Constant: Traffic is transmitted at a constant rate (from 0—100% rate with steps of
1%) for the entire duration of the test. The following options are available when
Constant is selected:
- Mode: Set the test for a constant percentage entered at Rate.
- Kbps: Set the test for a constant Kbps entered at Rate.
- Mbps: Set the test for a constant Mbps entered at Rate.
- Rate: Use the soft keyboard (press ) or the +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), and/
or +10 (F3) F-Keys and or to change the constant selected rate.
Ramp Configuration
VARIABLE RATE FROM 3TART 2ATE
(BETWEEN 0-100%) TO 3TOP 2ATE Repeat
(BETWEEN 0-100%), WITH INCRE- Duration: Seconds

MENTSOF3TEP2ATEAND3TEP3IZE Start Rate: 0 kbps Stop Rate: 100
(BETWEEN 1-100%). 4HE RAMP CAN kbps Step Rate: 10 kbps Step
BEREPEATEDFORTHEDURATIONOFTHE Duration: 10 s
4O CONFIGURE THE 2AMP OPTIONS,

On/Off OK
PRESS %DIT (&2) AND THE 2AMP
#ONFIGURATIONSCREENTOTHERIGHTIS Figure 17 Ramp Configuration
DISPLAYED WITH THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS:
- Repeat: The Ramp will repeat continuously during the test by pressing On/
Off (F3).
- Duration: This is set for Seconds.
- Start Rate: Use or to enter 0-100%, default is 0%.
- Stop Rate: Use or to enter 0-100%, default is 100%.
- Step Rate: Use or to enter 0-100%, default is 10%
- Step Duration: Use or to enter 1-999s (seconds), default is 10s.
28 SunLite GigE
When finished, press OK (F4) to Return to the Stream Configuration screen.
Burst Configuration
VARIABLE RATE. 4HE TRAFFIC WILL BE
TRANSMITTEDAT"ANDWIDTH#1RATE Bandwidth #1: 100 % Duration #1:
(FROM 0-100%) FOR $URATION #1 10 s Bandwidth #2: 0 % Duration

SECONDS, THEN AT "ANDWIDTH #2 #2: 10 s
RATE (FROM 0-100%) FOR $URATION
#2 SECONDS. 4HIS SEQUENCE IS
REPEATED FOR THE DURATION OF THE
TEST.
4O CONFIGURE THE "URST OPTIONS,
+10 +1 OK
PRESS %DIT (&2) ON THE 3TREAM
#ONFIGURATION SCREEN. 4HE "URST
Figure 18 Burst Configuration
#ONFIGURATIONSCREENISDISPLAYED
WITHTHEFOLLOWINGOPTIONS.
For the following items, use the soft keyboard or +100 (F1), +10 (F2), +1 (F3) F-
Keys and or to enter the required digits.
- Bandwidth #1: Enter 0-100%; default is 100%

- Duration #1: Enter 0-999 s (seconds); default is 10s.
- Bandwidth #2: Enter 0-100%; default is 0%
- Duration #2: Enter 1-999 s (seconds); default is 10s
When finished, press OK (F4) to Return to the Stream Configuration screen.
When finished with the Stream Configuration screen, press Next (F4) to go to the
next √ (on) Stream Configuration screen, or press OK (F3) to return to the Stream
Table where you can start your BERT.
GigE 29
3.1.1.2 Menu F-key Commands
The Menu (F3) F-key found in the Stream Table contains the following com-
mands:
• Reset Statistics; clear the counts and start counting anew.
• Clear LEDs; clear historical data from the LEDs.
• Measurement Setup; set the Test Duration and Start Tx Coupled options. See
Section 3.1.1.2.1
Soft Keyboard • Save Profile; save the test setup under a Filename, which you can then re-
trieve.
• Save Report: Save the measurements into a file.
• Run Test: Start the test, if no measurement has been started. See Section
3.1.2.
• Stop Test: Stop the test, if a measurement has been started. See Section
3.1.2.
• Optical Power Meas.: View the Optical Power Measurement screen. See Section
3.5.4.
3.1.1.2.1 Measurement Setup

Use this screen to control the duration
of the BERT. Select either Continuous
testing; you control the stop time by
manually stopping the BERT, or select
Time, and enter a BERT duration from
0-9999 seconds.
Make your selections by pressing
On/Off (F3). Enter a duration using
the soft keyboard, or the up/down
keys and +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), and
+10 (F3) F-keys to set the digit. When
finished, press OK (F4) to return to
Figure 19 Test Duration Screen
the Stream Table screen.
Start TX Coupled: Checked, the transmitter will start at the same time as the
receiver when the test starts. Unchecked, it won't.
30 SunLite GigE
3.1.1.2.2 Save Profile
Use this screen to save the settings made for the Stream Table for latter use.
Profile management applies to the current test mode only.
Creating a Profile
1. Use the procedures found in Section Save File
3.1.1 to set up a BERT.
2. From the Stream Table, press Menu
(F3). Filename:
3. Select Save Profile, and press .
Stream_00000000
4. In the Save File screen entry field,
shown to the right, enter the file name.
Press to use the soft keypad, or
use the keypad keys to scroll through
Save Cancel
the available characters to create a
unique Filename.
Figure 20 Save File Screen
5. When finished, press Save (F3) to save the profile.

• Press Cancel (F4) to escape without saving the profile.
• If the file name is used by another file, a dialog box will appear. Select Yes to
overwrite the existing file, or No to escape and return to the Save File screen.
Selecting a Profile to Run a BERT

1. In the main menu screen, with
BERT Throughput selected, press
Profile (F3) to view the Stream
Profiles selection screen shown to
the right.
2. Use and along with Next (F4) to
select a saved profile.
3. Press Open (F1), and a Stream
Table screen will open with the
saved profile displayed.
4. Press Menu (F3), and select Run Delete PgDn
Test to perform the BERT.
Figure 21 Stream Profiles
Deleting a Profile
1. In the main menu screen with BERT Throughput selected, press Profile (F3) to
view the Stream Profiles screen, shown in Figure 21.
2. Use and and/or Next (F4) to select a saved profile.
3. Press Delete (F2). A dialog box will be displayed asking “Do you really want to
delete this setting?”.
4. Use or to select Yes to delete the profile, or No to escape, after pressing
.
GigE 31
3.1.2 Run Test
After selecting a profile in the main menu screen or configuring a BERT, start the
test by pressing Menu (F3) in the Stream Table, then selecting Run Test from the
sub-menu. The first screen is shown on the left in Figure 22.
Use the Statistics View screens to view network statistics information, which will
help determine network condition and analyze the possible causes of any network
problems.
Statistics View F-Keys

Prev (F1) and Next (F2): View each stream under test or view the Aggregate
screens.
Note: The Statistics View-Stream screens report the same information as the
Statistics View-Aggregate screens, except that the information is for each stream
under test.
Menu (F3): This f-key contains a submenu with the following commands: Press the
key again to exit the submenu without making a selection.
• Reset Statistics: Clear the current statistics.
• Clear LEDs: Clear LED data.
• Run Test: Start the BERT, if no test is running.
• Stop Test: Stop the BERT, if a test is running.
• TX On: Start transmitting, if transmission is not Coupled.
• Error Inject: Inject a preset error. Available only when a test is running. See
Section 3.1.2.1 for configuration details.
• Optical Power Meas.: View the Optical Power Measurement screen. See Section
3.5.4.
PgDn (F4): View the next available screen. The scroll bar on the right of the screen
indicates the displayed screen. You can also use , .
Figure 22 shows the Aggregate Statistics View screens:
Statistics View-Aggregate Statistics View-Aggregate Statistics View-Aggregate
Rx fps 3 Rx Pause frame 0 VLAN 0
Rx Frames 34343691 VLAN 0 Unicast 34343600
Rx Utilization(%) 100.00% Unicast 34343600 Multicast 20
Rx Line Rate 1000.00 Mbps Multicast 20 Broadcast 71
Rx Bandwidth 3.4 kbps Broadcast 71 FCS Error 0
Tx fps 0 FCS Error 0 Dribble Error 0
Tx Frames 34343690 Dribble Error 0 Alignment Error 0
Tx Utilization(%) 100.00% Alignment Error 0 Collisions 0
Tx Line Rate 1000.00 Mbps Collisions 0 Undersized 0
Tx Bandwidth 0.0 kbps Undersized 0 Oversized 0
Prev Next Menu PgDn Prev Next Menu PgDn Prev Next Menu PgDn
Figure 22 Statistics View-Aggregate Screens
Rx fps: Received frames per second.

Rx Frames: Number of valid received frames.
Rx Utilization (%): Received utilization rate.
Rx Line Rate: Received line rate.
Rx Bandwidth: Received bandwidth in Kbps or Mbps.
Tx fps: Transmitted frames per second.
Tx Frames: Number of valid transmitted frames.
32 SunLite GigE
Tx Utilization (%): Transmitted utilization rate.
Tx Line Rate: Transmitted line rate.
Tx Bandwidth: Transmitted bandwidth in Kbps or Mbps.
Frame Loss: Number of frames lost if sequence number is enabled
Rx Pause Frames: Number of received pause frames.
VLAN 1/2/3 Frames: Number of valid received VLAN frames. Figure 23 shows
details of a VLAN tag.
VLAN Tag Conforming to IEEE 802.1Q and IEEE 802.1P

TCI P C VID
16 bits 3 bits 1 bit 12 bits
TCI: Tag Control Information set to 8100 (hex).

P: IEEE 802.1P Priority level, set between 0 and 7.
C: Canonical indicator set to 0.
VID: VLAN ID, set between 0 to 4095.
Figure 23 VLAN Tag
If timestamp is enabled, following counters apply.

Inter-Frame Delay Min.: The minimum inter-frame delay in nanoseconds.
Inter-Frame Delay Max.: The maximum inter-frame delay in nanoseconds.
Inter-Frame Delay Avg.: The average inter-frame delay in nanoseconds.
Inter-Frame Delay Var.: The variation of inter-frame delay in nanoseconds.
Error Inject Frames: Number of error injection frames.
General statistics, continued
Broadcast: Number of valid received Broadcast frames.
Multicast: Number of valid received Multicast frames.
Unicast: Number of valid received Unicast frames.
Bit Error Count: Number of bit errors detected.
Bit Error Ratio: Bit error ratio detected.
IP Checksum Error: Number of received frames with IP checksum error.
FCS Error: Number of received Frame Check Sequence errors.
Dribble Error: Number of received frames with dribble error.
Alignment Error: Number of received frames with alignment error.
Collisions: Number of received frames with collisions.
Undersized: Number of received undersized frames.
Oversized: Number of received oversized frames.
GigE 33
3.1.2.1 Error Injection
Once a test is running, select Error Inject from the Menu (F3) to inject errors into
streams.
1. Select the stream/s to inject errors into;
press Set (F2) to use the stream (S1-8)
2. Select the Error Type to inject:
Bit, CRC, IP Checksum.
3. Select the Mode:
* Manual: Errors are injected once in the
burst size (Rate).
* Auto: Errors are injected at the Rate
set.
Figure 24 Error Injection Configuration
Press Set (F2) to make a selection, such as a stream (S1-8) to use or the injec-
tion Mode.
Manual Mode
• Errors are injected once in the burst size (Rate) when you press Inject (F3).
• Press Inject repeatedly to inject multiple bursts of errors.
• Cursor to Rate to enter the number of errors to inject in each burst.
Auto Mode
• Errors are injected at the Rate set.
• Cursor to Rate and enter the number of errors to send per second.
• Press Start (F3) to start injecting errors. You may then want to look at the sta-
tistics to see the results.
• Return to the Error Injection screen and press Stop (F3) to stop injecting er-
rors.
• Make sure to stop injecting errors when you are done testing.
34 SunLite GigE
3.2 IP Features
The IP Features menu contains:
• IP Config
• Link Status
• Ping
• ARP Scanning
• Trace Route
• Web Access Test
3.2.1 IP Config
As seen in Figure 25, the SunLite GigE supports both DHCP (Dynamic IP) and
Static (fixed) modes.
IP Configuration IP Configuration
Mode Mode
DHCP DHCP
Static Static
Expired Date: 2008/06/12

IP Address 192 168 1 252
Acquired IP: 192.168.001.252
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.000 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0
DHCP Gateway IP: 192.168.001.006 Gateway 192 168 1 23
DNS IP: 192.168.001.009
DHCP Server IP: 192.168.001.023 DNS IP 192 168 1 23
Return Release +100 +10 +1 Save
Figure 25 IP Configuration Screens
To change Modes, press the keypad Set key and the Mode will toggle.
DHCP Mode
Dynamic IP mode automatically acquires the IP address from a DHCP server when
the SunLite GigE is started up. The DHCP screen (shown on the left in Figure 25)
reports the following information given out by the DHCP server:
• Expired Date
• Acquired IP address
• Subnet Mask address
• DHCP Gateway IP address
• DNS IP address
• DHCP Server IP address
DHCP Screen F-Keys

Return (F1): Return to the previous screen.
Release/Acquire (F4): Release the IP address of SunLite GigE from the DHCP
server. Press again to acquire a new address from the DHCP server.
Static Mode
Use this mode when a DHCP server is not available on the network to be tested.
When Static is selected, the screen shown on the right in Figure 25 is displayed. Fill
in the addresses.
To select a field to edit, press and use the soft keyboard which appears, or
IP Config Soft Keyboard
use the +100 (F1), +10 (F2), or +1 (F3) F-Keys and , . to set the value.
GigE 35
When finished, press Save (F4). A message is displayed asking if you wish to
reboot. Press to confirm, or press the Esc key to escape.
3.2.2 Link Status

The Link Status screen, shown on the left in Figure 26, reports the current link status.
The Link Control screen, shown on the right in Figure 26, lets you control the link
parameters used to negotiate and activate the link status with a remote partner.
Link Status Link Control

Link Status Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex
Link Status Link Partner Link Control
Link Partner
1000F
1.Link: Up 1000F 1000F
1000H
1000H 1000H
2.Duplex: Full Duplex 100F
100F 100F
3.Speed: 100 M 100H
100H 100H
10F
4.Link Quality: Good 10F 10F
10H
10H 10H
5.Flow Control: On Flow Control
Flow Control Flow Control
6.Auto Nego.: On Auto Nego.
Auto Nego. Auto Nego.
Control Return Apply Set Status Return
Figure 26 Link Status Screens
Link Status Screen

Link Status
The left Link Status screen in Figure 26 reports the status of the SunLite GigE side
of the link, in the Link Status column:
Link: Current link status, Up or Down.
Duplex: Current link mode, Full or Half.
Speed: Current link speed,10, 100, or 1000 Mbps.
Link Quality: Current link quality, it is Good if link is Up.
Flow Control: The flow control capability of the SunLite GigE.
Auto Nego.: The auto negotiation capability of the SunLite GigE.
Link Partner
The Link Partner column in the Link Status screen reports the following informa-
tion for the remote device that the SunLite GigE is connected to. A check mark
indicates supported items.
1000F: Support for 1000Mbps Full Duplex.
1000H: Support for 1000Mbps Half Duplex.
Flow Control: Support for flow control capability.
Auto Negotiate: Support for Auto Negotiate capability.
36 SunLite GigE
Link Control Screen
Access the Link Control screen by pressing Control (F3) in the Link Status screen,
shown in Figure 26. Activate (check mark) or deactivate (no check mark) the pa-
rameters in the Link Control (SunLite GigE) column.
Use or to select a parameter, then press Set (F2) to change its status. When
finished, press Apply (F1) to activate the link with the selected parameters.
The red status line of text under the Link Control header will update to reflect the
new parameters if successfully implemented. If not, a warning message, “Link Mode
Fail!”, will be displayed; press any key to return to the Link Control screen.
When finished, either press Return (F4) to display the main menu screen, or press
Status (F3), to display the Link Status screen.
GigE 37
3.2.3 Ping
Use Ping to test and analyze the remote Ethernet connection.
The SunLite GigE Ping function allows up to sixteen user definable profiles (files).
You can setup Ping Test parameters and save them for later use. Each profile can be
reviewed and edited by pressing PgDn (F4). Figure 27 shows the Ping Setup screen
on the left, and Ping Result screen on the right.
Ping Setup Ping Result

Profile Number: #1 No. Bytes Time TTL
3 64 1 ms 128
Remote IP Address: 4 64 1 ms 128
192 168 1 100 -- END --
Frame Size(Bytes): 64 Ping statistics: Sent Received Loss

4 4 0
Timeout(100ms): 40 Approximate round trip time
Minimum Maximum Average
Repeat Count: Non-Stop < 1 ms 10 ms 3 ms
100 10 Ping PgDn Return
Figure 27 Ping Screens
Configure the Ping Setup.

Profile Number: Use Next (F4) to select a profile (1-16).
Remote IP Address: Set the IP address to Ping.
• Use or to select the field. Use the soft keyboard (press ) or , along
with +100 (F1) and +10 (F2) to change the fields value.
Frame Size (Bytes): Desired frame size of the sent ping frame. Use , along
with +100 (F1) and +10 (F2) to change the fields value.
Timeout (100 ms): Time in 100 ms units before the connection is timed out.
• This is the longest time allowed for the remote client to respond.
• Use , to change the fields value.
Repeat Count: The number of loop counts that you wish to send ping test frames.
Use , to change the fields value or press NonStop (F1) to continuously ping the
remote IP address.
If any item is changed, Save (F3) is available. It allows you to overwrite the selected
Profile Number displayed above Remote IP Address with your new entries.
Start the Ping Test
When ready, press Ping (F2 or F3) to start the test. The Ping Result screen is
displayed if the link is up with the following ping statistics:
• No.: Count of the ping.
• Bytes: Frame size of the ping.
• Time: Round trip time of the ping.
• TTL: Time To Live of the ping.
• Maximum, Minimum, and Average round trip time for all pings.
• Ping Interval: The interval between ICMP (Ping) packets
A summary of the Ping statistics is shown below the results field. View the entire
window by moving the scroll bar cursor using , .
When finished, press Stop (F4) or Return (F4).
38 SunLite GigE
3.2.4 ARP Scanning
Use ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Scanning to discover all network devices
within the same network number where the SunLite GigE is connected. All the
devices will be discovered and along with their MAC address, IP address, and
domain host name. If a duplicate IP address is found during the scan, the SunLite
GigE will display a warning about the two devices, and show each device’s MAC
address for your attention.
ARP Scan Setup ARP Scan Result

No. IP MAC
37 192.168.1.209 00:18:F3
Remote IP Address Range: 38 192.168.1.210 00:11:2F
39 192.168.1.211 00:c0:9F
Start: 192 . 168 . 1 . 0
-- END --
Device count: 256
ARP Scan Statistics

Sent Received Loss
256 39 217
100 10 Scan Return Save Return
Figure 28 ARP Scan Screen
The SunLite GigE will automatically scan the devices in the range of IP addresses
specified in the ARP Scan Setup screen, shown on the left in Figure 28.
ARP Scan Setup

Start: If necessary, reenter the desired Start IP address by using or to select the
field. Use the soft keyboard (press ) or , along with +100 (F1) and +10 (F2) to
change the fields value.
Device count: Select the maximum Device count (256, 512, or 1024) for the scan
by pressing Set (F2).
Start the Scan

When ready, press Scan (F3). During the process of scanning the ARP Scan Re-
sults screen (on the right in Figure 28) will display “Request ARP...Please Wait”. It
will then display any responses as shown in the right screen.
Use , , , and to view the results.
Note: During the scanning process, If there is duplicate IP address found among
two network devices, the SunLite GigE will display a warning message about the two
devices and show each device’s MAC address.
If desired, press Save (F3), a file saved message is displayed. Press any key to
return to the ARP Scan Result screen.
To access a saved ARP Scan, highlight or select BERT in the main menu in order
to see Profile and Report. Press the appropriate view F-Key.
When finished, press Return (F4).
GigE 39
3.2.5 Trace Route
Use Traceroute to trace all the nodes in the route to that remote device. During the
test, the system will display each node’s IP address and its domain host name.
Figure 29 shows the Traceroute Setup screen on the left, and Traceroute Result
screen on the right.
Traceroute Setup Traceroute Result

Trace completed.
Remote IP Address: No. IP Host Na

15 222.213.1.202 No DNS
192 168 1 100 16 222.213.1.202 No DNS
17 222.236.8.3 No DNS
Hop Limit: 30 18 222.236.12.216 No DNS
Timeout(100ms): 40 ---END---
+100 +10 +1 Trace Return
Figure 29 Traceroute Screens
Traceroute Setup
Remote IP Address: Set the IP address to trace, using , to select the field. Use
the soft keyboard (press ) or , along with +100 (F1), +10 (F2), and +1 (F3) to
change the field value.
Hop Limit: Use , along with +10 (F2) and +1 (F3) to set the maximum number
of hops.
• The default value is 30.
Timeout (100 ms): Time, in 100 ms units, that is allowed for a packet to pass
through a node.
• If the response time is longer than this reply timer, it will be treated as no re-
sponse. Use the soft keypad or , to change the field value.
• The maximum is six seconds.
Start the Trace Route Test
When ready, press Trace (F4) to run the test. The Traceroute Result screen is
displayed with the following results:
• No.: Number of the hop
• IP address of the node.
• Host Name if available
Use , , , and to view the results. When
finished, press Return (F4).
40 SunLite GigE
3.2.6 Web Access Test
There are two modes for Web Access Test:
FTP Upload and Web Download
The following can be parameters are displayed for both:
• Protocol
• URL/IP
• Username
• Password
• File
Tap on any of the parameters to configure it.
Tap Test to display the test screen.
Results:
Press Start to start the test.
GigE 41
3.3 RFC-2544
RFC-2544 tests are designed to perform the benchmark tests for both the network
performance and the functions of the internet devices. The main purpose of RFC-
2544 is to test and confirm the actual performance of the internet link and also the
network devices in the link.
Select RFC-2544 on the main menu to perform the tests.
RFC-2544 provides you with the test result which is a combinations of a series of
tests. Each individual test reports the result of its performance. For example, the
frame loss rate at a particular frame TX rate. Therefore, during the test, there will be
many measurements constructed from different parameters applied to the test.
The SunLite GigE provides the following RFC-2544 defined tests:
• Throughput Test
• Frame Loss Test
• Back to Back Test
• Latency Test
• Auto Test
To perform the tests, you'll need two SunLite test sets working as a pair. The SunLite
GigE acts as master (TX), the other SunLite GigE or Responsder is the slave (RX).
Only the master needs to be setup to run the test, while the slave needs only to be
deployed at the remote site and in an idle on state.
The SunLites must be setup with different MAC and IP address. The master is the
source, and the slave is the destination in the test configuration. The destination and
source addresses must be setup correctly in order to perform a successful test.
42 SunLite GigE
3.3.1 RFC-2544 Throughput Test
Throughput Test Throughput Test
Test Layer: Layer 2 Test Layer: Layer 3

MAC Source: 00 D0 DD 0F 80 00 MAC Source: 00 D0 DD 0F 80 00
MAC Dst.: 00 D0 DD 08 00 01 MAC Dst.: 00 D0 DD 08 00 01
VLAN Tag VLAN Tag
VLAN1 VLAN2 VLAN2 VLAN1 VLAN2 VLAN2
IP Source: 192 168 100 100

IP Dst: 192 168 101 251
Set Test Save PgDn Set Test Save PgDn
Throughput Test
Test Pattern: RANDOM
TxFrames: 0001 0000
TxRate(Initial%): 100 Final %: 060
Delta %: 010
Frame Size Mode: Fixed
Frame Size: 1518
Set Test Save PgDn
Figure 30 RFC-2544 Throughput Test Configuration
A Throughput Test Is used to determine DUT (Device Under Test) throughput as

defined in RFC-1242. It is defined as the number of bits transmitted per second
through the DUT or the network without losing data or dropping frames.
The SunLite GigE will send the specified number of frames at the specified TX rate
to the DUT and then count the frames that are received from the DUT.
A Layer 2 configuration screen is shown on the top left and a Layer 3 configuration
screen is shown on the top right in Figure 30. The bottom screen is common to
both Layer 1 and 2 configuration screens.
Configure the following in the top screens shown in Figure 30:
Test Layer: Select Layer 2 or Layer 3 by pressing the keypad Set key.
MAC Source and MAC Dst.: Enter a MAC address source (local hardware address)
and a destination MAC address (remote device hardware address).
Note: When Dst. MAC is selected, Broadcast (F1) is available, if desired, use it to
enter the broadcast MAC address of FF FF FF FF FF FF.
VLAN: Press Set (F3) if the test frames need to carry VLAN tags.
• If used, you may configure the VLAN Header by pressing Edit (F2). The VLAN
Header screen is shown next:
GigE 43
to choose the value: 0x8100, 0x9100, VLAN Header
0x9200.
Protocol Identifer 1: 0x8100
VLAN ID: Enter a number (0-4095)
VLAN ID: 1 PRI: 0
using and along with +1000 (F1),
+100 (F2), +10 (F3). Protocol Identifer 2: 0x9100
Pri: Enter a VLAN Priority number VLAN ID: 2 PRI: 0
Protocol Identifer 3: 0x9200

When finished, press OK (F4) to VLAN ID: 3 PRI: 0
return to the Throughput Test configu-
ration screen. Set OK
Figure 31 VLAN Header Screen
Throughput Test Parameters, continued

IP Source: Manually enter an IP Source (local network layer address) if Layer 3
was selected for Test Layer.
IP Dst.: Manually enter an IP Destination address (network layer address of the
remote device) if Layer 3 was selected for Test Layer.
When finished, press PgDn (F4) to configure the bottom screen in Figure 30:
Test Pattern: Press the Set key to select:
• RANDOM: The test pattern is selected randomly from the listed patterns.
• ALL 0’S: Industry-standard all zeros pattern.
• ALL 1’S: Industry-standard all ones pattern.
• ALT 0/1: Industry-standard alternating one and zero pattern.
• ALT 1/0: Industry-standard alternating zero and one pattern.
• INC BYTE: The payload is filled with incremental bytes: 00 01 02 03....
• INC WORD: The payload is filled with incremental words: 00 01 00 02 00 03.
• DEC BYTE: The payload is filled with decremental bytes: FF FE FD FC....
• DEC WORD: The payload is filled with decremental words: FF FF FF FE FF
FD....
Tx Frames/Tx (Second): Number of frames for the test or this can be set to timer
mode for the transmit duration by pressing the Set key. Then enter the number of
seconds (0-9999) using the soft keyboard (press ) or the and keys, along with +1000
(F1), +100 (F2), and +10 (F3).
Tx Rate (Initial %): Enter the Initial Transmit Rate percentage using the soft key-
board or / .
Tx Rate Final %: Enter the Final Transmit Rate percentage using the soft keyboard
or / . This is the final rate when the test is failed and the transmit operation is
stopped for that frame size in the test.
Tx Rate Delta %: Enter a percentage using or . This is the decremented transmit
rate when the current test is failed and the transmit rate will be decremented by this
delta rate for next transmit rate in the test.
Frame Size Mode: Press the Set key to select Auto, Fixed, or User.
• For Auto, the frame size is randomly picked from 64, 128, 256, 512....
Frame Size: This is available when Frame Size Mode is set for Fixed.
• Press the Set key to select from:64, 128, 256, 512, 768, 1024, 1280, or 1518.
• Alternately use the soft keyboard, or and along with +1000 (F1), +100 (F2),
+10 (F2) to set the Frame Size.
44 SunLite GigE
User-Defined Frame Size: Available when User is set as the Frame Size Mode.
• Press Edit (F2) to access the User-defined Frame Size screen, shown next.
Check the frames (1-8) you want to use by
pressing Set (F3), then set the size (in
bytes) for each selected frame. Cursor to the
frame size field, then press to ac-
cess the soft keyboard, or use the cursor
keys and +1000 (F1), +100 (F2), and +10
(F3) F-Keys to enter the value.
Figure 32 User-defined Frame Sizes
• Press OK (F4) when you are done. You will return to the Throughput Test
screen.
Throughput Test F-Keys
Set (F1): Use instead of the Set key for selecting a value.
Test (F2): Start testing. See Section 3.1.2.
Save (F3): Save the test configuration as a Profile. See Section 3.1.1.2.2 for details.
PgDn (F4): Access the next screen.
3.3.1.1 Throughput Test Results

When ready, press Test (F2) to start the test. When test is first started, the SunLite
GigE will start transmitting using Tx Rate (Initial %) setting with a Frame size set to
64 bytes if Frame Size Mode is set to Auto. If Frame Size Mode is set to Fixed (1518
bytes in the figure), it will use the frame size that was entered. If Frame Size Mode is
set to User, the custom frame sizes will be used.
The “Failed” message (shown to the Throughput Test
right) displays when there is a frame
loss. When “Failed” appears, the TX Frame Size 1518 Bytes
Tx fps 0
rate will be decremented by the Delta Tx frames 100000
TX rate to a lower rate and the test is Tx Rate(%) 100%
automatically restarted using the Tx Bandwidth
Message
0.0 kbps
RX Pause frame 0
same frame size.
Rx frames 0 e Loss 0
This continues until there is no frame Framast 0 --- FAILED ---
loss or until the final TX rate is ! 0
Unicicast
Mult
reached. At this moment, If frame size
Stop PgDn
is set to Fixed, the entire test is
stopped, and the results screen is Figure 33 Throughput Test Screen
displayed. with Fail Message
While the Auto frame size mode is
used, the current frame size for the
test will be ended, and proceed to the next loop using the next higher frame size.
This starts at 64, 128, 256, 512, 768, 1024, 1280, and ends at 1518. The SunLite
GigE also set the TX rate back to the initial TX rate, and continue the test again as
above testing steps until the final 1518 bytes frame size is done in the entire test.
GigE 45
Throughput Test F-Keys
Stop (F3): Stop the test. These F-Keys are available after the test is stopped:
Test (F1): Restart the test.
Review (F2): View the results. Sample screens are shown in Figure 34:
Throughput Test Throughput Test

100 Mbps Full Duplex
Tx Initial Rate: 100 % Tx Delta 100 Mbps Full Duplex
Rate : 10 % Tx Final Rate : Tx Initial Rate: 100 % Tx Delta
60 % Rate : 10 % Tx Final Rate :
Loop Frame Size (Byte) Tx Rate(% 60 %
1 64 100 Tx Frames Rx Frames Frame Lo
2 64 90 10000 0 10000
3 128 100 10000 10000 0
10000 10000 0
Test Review Save Return Test Review Save Return
Figure 34 Throughput Test Results Screens
Use , , , and to view the following results (Figure 34).

• Loop, test cycles
• Frame Size in bytes
• Tx Rate (%)
• Tx Frames, transmitted frames
• Rx Frames, received frames
• Frame Loss
Save (F3): Save the test results. See Section 3.1.1.2.2 for file naming procedures.
Press F1 to save, or press F4 to escape. To view a saved test, press Report (F4) in
the main menu screen, while RFC-2544 is selected.
Return (F4): View the Throughput Test setup screen.
PgDn (F4): View the statistics of the on-going test.
46 SunLite GigE
3.3.2 Frame Loss Test
This test is used to determine the frame loss rate, per RFC 1242, of a DUT
throughout the entire range of input data rates and frame sizes. It runs continuous
traffic, monitoring for lost frames. The test is repeated for different frame sizes at
user specified transmit rate. It measures the offered load as a percentage of the
Maximum Line rate at which no frames are lost.
To configure, use the procedures and screens found in Section 3.3.1.
When ready, press Test (F2) to start the test. See Section 3.3.1.1 for screen opera-
tions and test results.
3.3.3 Back to Back Test

This test defines as the maximum number of frames that can be sent in a fixed period
of time without frames being dropped. The objective is to characterize the ability of
a DUT to process back-to-back frames per RFC-1242.
The test procedure will first send a burst of frames at user specified frame size and
TX rate to the DUT and count the number of frames forwarded by the DUT. If the
count of transmitted frames is equal to the number of frames forwarded, then
increase the length of the burst as user specified and rerun the test.
The back-to-back value is the number of frames in the longest burst that the DUT
will handle without the loss of any frames. The trial length will be started with the
initial timer set by the user and will be repeated until there is any frame loss re-
ported, or when the final timer is reached without any frame loss.
tions and test results.
3.3.4 Latency Test

This test is to used to determine frame latency per RFC-1242. Before performing
this test, a Throughput test should be performed at each of the desired frame sizes
to determine the TX rate for the latency test.
The latency test measures the average time that elapses between sending traffic and
receiving it. The SunLite GigE measures latency delay as the round trip delay.
Frames are transmitted at a user specified rate for user specified period of time (at
least 1 second), then a tagged frame is inserted and its round trip time monitored.
The test is usually repeated eight times, and the average, maximum, and minimum
times are recorded.
tions and test results. See Figure 35 for the results.
GigE 47
Latency Test Latency Test
100 Mbps Full Duplex Latency
Max: 20 us 100 Mbps Full Duplex Latency
Latency Min: 10 us Max: 20 us
Latency Avg: 12 us Latency Min: 10 us
Frame Size : 64 Bytes Latency Avg: 12 us
Loop Latency(ct) Latency(sf) Frame Size : 64 Bytes
1 10.03 us 3.91 us cy(ct) Latency(sf) Tx Frames
2 10.03 us 3.91 us s 3.91 us 148096
3 10.03 us 3.91 us s 3.91 us 148096
s 3.91 us 148096
Test Review Save Return Test Review Save Return
Figure 35 Latency Test Results Screens
This screen reports:

• Latency, Maximum, Minimum, and Average round trip delay
• Frame Size used for the measurement
• Number of Loops (test cycles)
• Latency (ct-cut through) and Latency (sf-store and forward)
3.3.5 Auto Test

Enter up to eight RFC-2544 tests in a specified sequence in the Auto Test screen.
Each sequence is automatically saved as a Profile. Save up to eight profiles.
Setting up a Profile
1. In the Auto Test Profile Selection Screen select a Profile Number by pressing
PgDn (F4).
2. Press Type (F1) to select an RFC-2544 test for the No. 1 line.
3. Select the No. 2 line and press Type
(F1) to select another RFC-2544 test. Auto Test
you can enter up to eight tests. Profile Number #1
Note: NONE is used to disable an No.
1 Throughput Test
entry line. 2 Frame Loss Test
4. When you escape form the screen the 3 Back to Back Test
Profile is automatically saved. To 4 Latency Test
5 NONE
select a saved profile, access the
6 NONE
Type Edit Test PgDn

sing PgDn (F4).
Figure 36 Auto Test Profile Selection
Auto Test Profile Selection Screen F-Keys

Type (F1): Select a RFC-2544 test or NONE to disable an entry line.
Edit (F2): Edit the selected RFC-2544 test. See Sections 3.3.1—3.3.4 for details.
Test (F3): Initiate the selected profile to begin testing.
PgDn (F4): Select a profile to run or edit.
48 SunLite GigE
3.3.6 Y.1564
Phase 1: Service Configuration Test
The service configuration test is broken down into three steps. The steps are tested
individually for all the services delivered on the same line.
Step 1: Committed Information Rate (CIR) Test: Traffic is transmitted at the

CIR for a short period of time and the received traffic is evaluated against the
Service Acceptance Criteria (FLR, FTD, FDV) measured simultaneously. The CIR
test passes if the measurements on the received traffic stay below the performance
objectives.
Step 2: Excess Information Rate (EIR) Test: Traffic is transmitted at the

CIR+EIR rate for a short period of time; the EIR test passes if the received traffic
rate is between the CIR (minus the margin allowed by the FLR) and CIR+EIR.
Step 3: Traffic Policing (Overshoot Test): The purpose of the Traffic Policing
Test is to ensure that when transmitting at a rate higher than the allowed CIR+EIR,
the excess traffic will be appropriately blocked to avoid interference with other
services. For this test, traffic is transmitted at 25% higher than the CIR+EIR for a
short period of time. The test passes if the received traffic rate is at least at the CIR
(minus the margin allowed by the FLR) but does not exceed the allowed CIR+EIR.
At this time the Committed Burst Size (CBS) and Excess Burst Size (EBS) tests are
considered experimental and not an integral part of the standard.
Phase 2: Service Performance Test

Services running on the same line are tested simultaneously over an extended period of
time, to verify network robustness. Service Acceptance Criteria (SAC) including Frame
Transfer Delay (FTD), Frame Delay Variation (FDV), Frame Loss Ratio (FLR) and
Availability (AVAIL) are verified for each service.
Figure: Y.1564 Home
Configuration
Figure: Y.1564 Setup
Setup the parameters:

Configuration:
• Ramp Steps
• Ramp%
• Duration Sec
Performance:
• Time Mode
• Duration
• Auto Save Results
GigE 49
Click Next to configure each Service.
Frame Structure: MAC, VLAN, MPLS, IP,

TCP/UDP, Payload
Frame Size: in Bytes
Mode
Svc Rate
CIR Rate
EIR Rate
Overshoot
Max RTFD
Max FDV
Max FLR
Click OK to save the configuration settings.
Tap the Measurement tab on the home screen to start the tests.
Click Start to start the test.
50 SunLite GigE
The test screens run up to 6 pages. Click PgDn to scroll through the pages.
GigE 51
3.4 Loopback
The Loopback menu contains:
• Loopback Filter
• Loopback Mode
3.4.1 Loopback Filter
After power on, the SunLite GigE receives all incoming packets from the network.
In some applications, when troubleshooting a network or analyzing the network
traffic, it can be useful to filter specific packets to loop back.
The Loopback Filter screen displayed depends on if the Loopback Filter is turned
on. DISABLE shown on the left in Figure 37, ENABLE shown on the right.
Loopback Filter Loopback Filter

Loopback Filter: DISABLE Loopback Filter: ENABLE
Keep Alive: ALLOW Keep Alive: ON
Broadcast: ALLOW Multicast: ALLOW Broadcast: ON Multicast: ON
Source MAC Type: EQUAL
SA: 00 D0 DD 0F 80 07
Dest. MAC Type: EQUAL
DA: 00 D0 DD 0F 80 10
Return View Apply Return View Apply PgDn
See the left screen in Figure 38.

Figure 37 Loopback Filter Screens
Loopback Filter F-Keys
Return (F1): Escape back to the main menu screen.
View (F2): View a listing of received statistics. See Section 3.1.2.
Apply (F3): Apply the currently displayed settings.
PgDn (F4): If available, view the next screen.
To select settings, use , . To change the option, press the Set key.
Configure the following:
Loopback Filter
Options: Disable, Enable
• Disable,: No specific filters are used, and all packets are looped through. This
is the default setting.
• Enable: Available filters can be configured.
Note: When disabled, Keep Alive, Broadcast and Multicast filters are still active. The
default scenarios of Loopback suppose to drop all Keep Alive, Broadcast and
Multicast packets. This applies to Layer 2/3 Loopback only. If the loopback Layer
is set to Layer 1, all packets are loopbacked without filtering.
Keep Alive
Options: Allow, Drop
• Allow: Keep Alive packets are passed through and counted.
• Drop: Keep Alive packets are dropped and not counted.
Broadcast
• Allow: Broadcast packets are passed through and counted.
• Drop: Broadcast packets are dropped and not counted.
52 SunLite GigE
Multicast
• Allow: Multicast packets are passed through and counted.
• Drop: Multicast packets are dropped and not counted.
At this point, if Loopback Filter was set for Disable, press Apply (F3) to activate
your choices and press Return (F1) to view the main menu screen.
If Loopback Filter was set for Enable, continue with the rest of the settings shown
in the right screen of Figure 37.
MAC Source Type
Options: Any, Equal, Not
If the SA (Source Address) line is available, enter an address using , to select
a field, and , to change it’s value.
• Any: This field in the packets is not checked. This is the default setting. The SA
line will not be displayed.
• Equal: This field in the packets is checked. If the value in the packet matches the
value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is looped. Otherwise the
packet is dropped.
• Not: This field in the packets are checked. If the value in the packet doesn’t match
the value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is looped. Otherwise the
packet is dropped.
MAC Dst. Type
If the DA (Destination Address) line is available, enter an address using , to
select a field, and , to change it’s value.
• Any: This field in the packets is not checked. This is the default setting. The SA
line will not be displayed.
• Equal: This field in the packets is checked. If the value in the packet matches the
value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is the packet is looped.
Otherwise the packet is dropped.
• Not: This field in the packets are checked. If the value in the packet doesn’t match
packet is dropped.
Press PgDn (F4) to view the next screen, shown on the left in Figure 38. In this
screen choose the filtering rules used on the received IP header packets.
Loopback Filter Loopback Filter

IP Mode: Any VLAN Mode: Equal
IP Source Type: Equal VLAN Identifier: 0x8100
IP Source: 192 168 1 250 VLAN ID: 0 Priotiy: 0
IP Dst. Type: Equal Data Pattern Type: Equal
IP Dst.: 192 168 1 250 Pattern Length: 1 Offset: 12
Src. Port Type: Equal Port#: 0 Pattern: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Dst. Port Type: Equal Port#: 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Return View Apply PgDn Return View Apply PgDn
See the right screen in the Figure 37.

Figure 38 Loopback Filter Screens, 2 and 3
GigE 53
IP Mode
Options: ANY, IP Only, TCP/IP Only, or UDP/IP Only
Select a type of filtering.
• ANY: All headers are not checked. This is the default setting.
• IP Only: Only IP packets are looped back.
• TCP/IP Only: Only TCP packets are looped back.
• UDP/IP Only: Only UDP headers are looped back.
IP Source Type and IP Source
The criteria for these two fields are the same as in the MAC Source Type, but it
applies to the source IP address of the IP header.
Dst. IP Type and Dst. IP
Criteria for these two fields are the same as in the MAC Source Type, but it applies
to the destination IP address of the IP header.
Source Port Type and Source Port
The criteria for these two fields are the same as in the Source MAC Type, but it
applies to the source port of the IP packet.
Dst Port Type and Dst Port
The criteria for these two fields are the as in the Source MAC Type, but it applies
to the destination port of the IP packet.
Press PgDn (F4) to configure items for VLAN Tag filtering and Data (Test) Pattern
filtering, as shown in the right screen in Figure 38.
VLAN Mode
Set the filter rule on the receiving packet to the type as:
• Any: The received packet is any type (either VLAN or not VLAN type).
• Equal: This field in the packets are checked. If the value in the packet matches
packet is dropped.
• Note: This field in the packets are checked. If the value in the packet doesn’t
match the value specified in the Loopback filter, the packet is looped. Otherwise
the packet is dropped.
VLAN Identifier
Options: 0x8100, 0x9100, or 0x9200
If the VLAN Mode is set to Equal or Not, enter the VLAN identifier in this field for
the match, by pressing the Set key.
VLAN ID
Options: 0-4095
Enter a specific VLAN ID in the VLAN tag of the received packet for filtering.
VLAN Priority
Options: 0-7
Enter a specific VLAN priority in the VLAN tag of the received packet for filtering.
Data Pattern Type
Set the filter rule on the received packet to the type of data pattern as:
• Any: Data patterns are not checked.
• Equal: The data pattern must match the entered one, to allow the received
packet to be counted in the Statistics View screen.
• Note: The data pattern must not match the entered pattern to allow the received
packet to be counted in the Statistics View screen.
54 SunLite GigE
Data Pattern Length
Options: 1-16
Enter the number of bytes in the data pattern.
Data Pattern Offset
Options: 12-1498
Set the byte offset of where the data pattern is located in the received packet. It
must be after the source MAC address.
Data Pattern
Enter a data pattern as desired for the filter.
• The maximum pattern length is 16 bytes long.
• Only the specified Data Pattern Length is valid for the filter matching.
GigE 55
3.4.2 Loopback Mode
Use Loopback Mode (selected from the main menu Loopback menu) to send pack-
ets back to the original source, with source and destination addresses swapped. The
SunLite GigE will loopback the received packets from a test set with the following
rules:
• All frames will be looped unchanged including invalid frames, unless filtered in
Loopback Filter.
• MAC layer, source and destination MAC address are swapped.
• IP layer, source and destination IP and MAC address are swapped.
• If Layer 1 is selected, all packets are looped back unchanged.
Loopback Mode allows you to perform a complete analysis of the traffic because
the same generated traffic is returned to be analyzed.
This is required with RFC2544 or BERT measurements because the procedure
typically demands that a single piece of test equipment is responsible for test pat-
tern generation and analysis.
The SunLite GigE provides an intelligent loopback at Layer 2 or Layer 3 (IP layer).
The tester must provide an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) for discovering the
network route.
It is also advantageous that filters are provided so that broadcast traffic , and any
other IP address that is not relevant to the test procedure, does not undergo the
loopback process. This will control the amount of traffic on the network, to prevent
possible overload.
The SunLite GigE will automatically respond to the ARP packet from the source
while in loopback mode, using the any enabled filtering. Also, ARP packets will be
replied by the SunLite GigE anytime regardless loopback mode is running or not.
Configure the following:
Mode
Options: Manual (F1), Respond (F2), Control (F3)
The configuration screen presented is dependent on the selected Mode.
Manual: The Loopback mode screens for Manual Layer 1 are shown in Figure 39:
Loopback Mode Loopback Mode

Mode: Manual Link Status:Up
Format: Layer 1
LAYER 1 MANUAL
LOOPBACK TEST IN PROGRESS
DO NOT DISTURB
MAC: 00-D0-DD-0F-80-07
Manual Respond Control Start Stat Stop
See Section 3.1.2.

Figure 39 Manual Layer 1 Loopback Mode Screens
56 SunLite GigE
Format
Options: Layer 1 (F1), Layer 2/3 (F2)
• Layer 1: No further configuration is required. Press Start (F4) in the setup (left
screen in Figure 39) to begin the loopback. The active (right) screen then dis-
plays. When finished, press Stop (F4).
• Layer 2/3: INo further configuration is required. Press Start (F4) to begin the
loopback with the right screen shown in Figure 39. When finished, press Stop
(F4).
• In the left screen of Figure 40, the SunLite GigE's current MAC and IP addresses
are displayed, so the remote traffic generator can specify the valid destination
addresses in the packets to traverse through routed network, to reach SunLite
GigE for loopback.

Mode: Manual Link Status:Up
Format: Layer 2/3
LAYER 2/3 MANUAL
LOOPBACK TEST IN PROGRESS
DO NOT DISTURB
MAC: 00-D0-DD-0F-80-07
IP ADDR: 192 168 1 250
IP: 192.168.1.250
MAC: 00-D0-DD-0F-80-07
See Section 3.1.2.
Figure 40 Manual Layer 2/3 Loopback Mode Screens
Respond: The Loopback mode screens for RESPOND are shown in Figure 41:

Mode: Respond Link Status:Up
WAITING...
MAC: 00-D0-DD-0F-80-07
IP ADDR: 192 168 1 250 IP: 192.168.1.250
MAC:00-D0-DD-0F-80-07
See Section 3.1.2.
Figure 41 Respond Loopback Mode Screens
IP ADDR
Enter an IP address that the SunLite GigE will respond to, using , to select the
field. Use , along with 100 (F1), 10 (F2), and 1 (F3) to change the field value.
When finished, press Start (F4)/ The right screen shown in Figure 41 appears.
When finished, press Stop (F4).
GigE 57
Control:
The Loopback mode screens for Control are shown in Figure 42:
58 SunLite GigE
Figure 42 Control Loopback Mode Screens
Configure the following for CONTROL mode:
Mode:
Manual
Respond
Sunrise/Control – To Loop up or down to another Sunrise Unit
VeEX/Control – To Loop up or down to another VeEX Unit
Command: Select a loop command to perform.

Options: Loop-up (F1), Loop-dn (F2)
• Loop-up: Send a loop up command to a remote responder (test set).
• Loop-dn: Send a loop down command to a remote responder (test set).
Format: Determine the format of the loop up and loop down commands.
Options: Layer 1 (F1), Layer 2/3
• Layer 1: The test set can transmit a Layer 1 loop up or loop down command to a
remote test set configured as a responder. Upon receiving the Layer 1 loop up
command, the remote test set will retransmit unmodified incoming frames.
• Layer 2/3: the test set can transmit a Layer 2/3 loop up or loop down command to
a remote test set configured as a responder. Upon receiving the Layer 2/3 loop
up command, the remote test set will retransmit the incoming frames and swap
the source and destination MAC and IP address fields.
Note: Layer 2/3 loopback can only be used in a network where the source and
destination IP addresses are located in the same network (direct routing). It
can’t function through a gateway.
Configure the following if Layer 2/3 is selected for Format:
MAC SRC: Enter the local MAC Source address (hardware address) of the SunLite
GigE.
MAC DST: Enter the MAC address (hardware address) of the remote test set
(responder).
GigE 59
VLAN: Enable if the loop up and loop down commands need to carry a VLAN tag.
If enabled, enter the P (Priority, 0-7) and VID (VLAN ID, 0-4095) parameters.
IP SRC: Manually enter the local IP address (network layer address) of the test
set. This is displayed only for if LAYER 3 is selected.
IP DST: Manually enter the IP address (network layer address) of the remote test
set (responder).
When ready, press START (F4). The test set will be placed in controller mode. It
will send a loop up or loop down frame.
When the loop up command is transmitted, the test set will verify that the remote
test set (responder) is properly looped up. During this time, the test set screen
displays: “LOOP-UP VERIFICATION PLEASE WAIT...”.
If the loop up is successful, the screen displays: “LOOP-UP SUCCESSFUL”.
If loop up is not achieved, the screen displays: “LOOP-UP FAILED”.
When a loop down command is transmitted, the test set will verify that the remote
test set (responder) is properly looped down. During this time, the screen displays:
“LOOP-DOWN VERIFICATION PLEASE WAIT...”.
If the loop down is unsuccessful, the screen displays: “LOOP-DOWN SUCCESS-
FUL”.
If the loop down is successful, the screen displays: “LOOP-DOWN FAILED”.
60 SunLite GigE
3.5 Utility
The Utility menu contains:
• Misc Setup
• Flash Port
• Cable Length
• Optical Power
• Firmware Upgrade
3.5.1 Miscellaneous Setup
Miscellaneous Setup
MM:DD:YY 6 17 2008
HH:MM:SS 15 49 17
Beeper Mode Yes
Shutdown Timer(Min): 0
Screen Saving(Min): 0
Save Return
Figure 43 Miscellaneous Setup Screen
The Miscellaneous Setup screen is used to set basic operation parameters of the
SunLite GigE.
In this screen, cursor to the field, then use the soft keyboard (press ) or /
to change the setting.
MM:DD:YY: Set the Month, Date, and Year of the SunLite GigE calendar.
HH:MM:SS: Set the SunLite GigE clock in Hours: Minutes: Seconds. The clock
uses a 24 hour format.
Beeper Mode: Choose whether or not to have a beep sound at each keystroke.
Press the Set key to select Yes or No.
Shutdown Timer(Min): Set a shut down time from 1-999 minutes. Set to 0 to
deactivate this timer.
Screen Saving(Min): Set a screen shut down time from 1-240 minutes.
• This feature is useful for prolonging battery life. Once the SunLite GigE is in screen
saving, press any key to activate the screen. Set to 0 to deactivate this timer.
When finished, press Save (F3) to save your changes. Press any key to continue.
Press Return (F4) to display the main menu screen.
GigE 61
3.5.2 Flash Port
Use the Flash Port screen to determine the port that it is connected to at the remote
side of the cable. By flashing the port link LED, you can easily locate the port in
network devices (hub, switch, or router) that the cable under test is connected to. It
can also be used for finding a cable.
Flash Port Flash Port Flash Port
Flash ‘On’ Timer Flash ‘On’ Timer Flash ‘On’ Timer

3 Seconds 3 Seconds 3 Seconds
PORT LED: ON PORT LED: OFF
Start Return Stop Return Stop Return
Figure 44 Flash Port Screens
In the setup screen, shown on the left in Figure 44, enter the time in seconds (1-99)
for the Flash ‘On’ Timer using , .
When ready, press Start (F3). The remote port LED will be on for the Seconds
entered. When timed out, the port LED will be off momentarily, then cycle back on
again for the entered time.
When finished, press Stop (F3). Press Return (F4) to view the main menu.
3.5.3 Cable Length

Use the cable test to measure the length of copper Ethernet cable (meters or feet).
View whether the cable is OK, SHORT, or OPEN for each cable Pair.
Cable Test Status Statistics

Testing: Measurement is in process.
Pair Length(Meter) Status OK: Cable is normal .
1-2 <6 OK OPEN: Cable pair is broken.
3-6 <6 OK
4-5 <6 OK
7-8 <6 OK
Test Unit Return
Figure 45 Cable Test Screen
If the cable is not linked to a remote device, the cable length test will report OPEN
in the Status column. The test begins as soon as the screen is accessed.
Cable Test F-Keys

Test (F2): Restart the test.
Unit (F3): Toggle the unit of measurement; Meter or Feet.
Return (F4): Display the main menu screen
62 SunLite GigE
3.5.4 Optical Power
Use the Optical Power Measurement
Optical Power Meas.
screen to view data on the optical signal
received at the optical port. Rx Power: 2 uW N/A db
Rx Power: uW (milliwatt) and and dBm Tx Power: 342 uW N/A db

Laser Bias Current: 5.5 mA
Tx Power; mW (microamp) and dBm
Supply Votage: 3.2 V
Laser Bias Current; mA (milliamp)
Temperature: 64 C
Supply Voltage
Temperature: Celsius; ambient temperature
Return
Figure 46 Optical Power

Measurement Screen
When finished, press Return (F4).
3.5.5 Firmware Upgrade

The SunLite GigE firmware and FPGA code versions are shown when About (F2)
is pressed in the main menu.
Whenever there is a new firmware available for upgrading, use the Firmware Up-
grade function to complete the process.
The transfer of the firmware is between a Windows PC (Windows 2000 minimum),
running the VeEXUtility.exe utility program, and the SunLite GigE, using a stan-
dard copper Ethernet cable.
When the firmware transfer from the PC to the SunLite GigE is complete, select
Firmware Upgrade from the SunLite GigE main menu. In the message window,
select yes and press .
If successful, you will see the following message; “Firmware and driver upgrade
completed, please reboot”. Following the on screen prompt to reboot the SunLite
GigE, and the upgrade process is completed.
See Section 4.1 for the complete procedure of the upgrade process.
GigE 63
4 PC Software Package
Use the VeEX Utility software to upgrade the firmware and to retrieve saved files
on the SunLite GigE.
4.1 Firmware Update

Use the information in this section to upgrade the SunLite GigE software. The up-
grade utility is found on the CD-ROM that came with your SunLite GigE. It must be
installed on a Windows PC in order to upgrade the SunLite GigE software.
4.1.1 Windows Setup

1. Locate the GigE folder found on the CD-ROM that came with your SunLite GigE,
and copy it to a Windows PC desktop.
2. The CD includes folders for both the GigEResponder and the SunLite GigE. Make
sure to use the appropriate file.
• The CD also includes an Upgrade Utility folder.
3. Use a standard copper Ethernet cable to connect the SunLite GigE to the PC,
using their respective copper Ethernet ports.
4. Configure the PC for a static connection. This example uses Windows 2000.
A. From the Start button, select Settings / Network and Dial-up connections /
Local Area Connection Status.
B. In the Local Area Connection Status window, click Properties.
C. In the Local Area Connection Properties window, select the Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) line and click on Properties.
D. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window select, “Use the follow-
ing IP address” option and enter the following
IP Address: 192.168.1.100
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway: 192.168.1.23
When finished, click OK.
E In the Local Area Connection Properties window, click OK.
F. In the Local Area Connection Status window, click OK. You may need to
restart the PC to establish a connection.
5. From the SunLite GigE main menu select, Configuration > IP Config.
6. Change the mode to Static.
A. Enter the following settings:
IP Address: 192.168.1.250
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.23
DNS IP: 192.168.1.23
B. When finished, press Save (F4). At the prompt, restart the SunLite GigE.
7. To confirm that the PC and GigE are connected, ping the SunLite GigE from
the PC using this procedure:
A. On the PC from the Start button select, Run.
B. In the Run dialog window, type cmd and click OK.
C. In the DOS window at the flashing insertion point type:
ping 192.168.1.250
64 SunLite GigE
D. Press Enter on the PC.
E. If you have a connection, the DOS window on the PC will display the following
line:
Reply from 192.168.1.250 bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128
Followed by other information confirming a correct setup.
• If you do not have a connection, the DOS window on the PC will display:
Request timed out.
If this occurs, ether your settings are incorrect, or you may have a bad cop-
per Ethernet cable.
F. When finished, close the DOS window.
GigE 65
4.1.2 Performing an Upgrade
Figure 47 Upgrade Windows
1. Connect to the SunLite GigE using the procedure in Section 4.1.

2. On the PC, locate VeEX Utility.exe and double click it. The left window in Figure
47 is displayed.
3. Select Firmware Upgrade. The right window in Figure 47 is displayed.
4. Confirm Remote IP is set for 192.168.1.250.
5. Click Select File, and confirm the location of “VeEX.dll”, “VeEX.exe”, and
“fpgaeth.dll”.
6. Click Upload. The Upload Progress bar should indicate that the file transfer is
occurring.
• If a error occurs, a dialog box is displayed indicating the error. Correct the error,
and retry, by clicking Upload.
7. When the file transfer is successfully finished, a window is displayed confirming
a successful transfer.
8. From the SunLite GigE select, Configuration > Firmware Upgrade.
9. In the message window, select Yes to proceed with the upgrade.
10. After the upgrade is completed, restart the SunLite GigE.
11. When finished, disconnect the copper Ethernet cable and close the VeEX Utility
program on the PC.
12.If needed, restore the PC’s Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window settings
back to “Obtain an IP address automatically” (see step 4 in Section 4.1.1).
66 SunLite GigE
GigE 67
5 Applications
This section contains sample testing procedures.
5.1 Layer 1 BERT

Layer 1 Bit Error Rate Testing is used for verifying the quality of the physical layer
connection. Most commonly, this is done for basic point-to-point connections,
whether over a single fiber pair, through a DWDM network, or using the copper
interface. Because the test traffic is not passing through a Layer 2 (or higher) de-
vice, a Layer 1 test can be performed with a single SunLite GigE at one end and a
hardware loopback, such as a patch cord, at the far end. Alternatively, the test can
be performed with two test sets, one at each end of the connection. Figure 48
shows an example of each testing setup.
Many networks, such as Ethernet over SONET/SDH (EOS), are not true Layer
1 networks, in that they require proper Ethernet framing. Only perform a Layer 1
test when you are certain that framing is not required. Many problems with Layer
1 testing can be corrected by performing a Layer 2 test.
Extender Extender
IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 12:38:02
BERT IP
Throughput Features RFC-2544 Loopback Utility
Configuration
Measurement
MTT-GigE, MTT-GR,
Network STT-Metro, SSMTT
or series SSMTT-28/
DWDM SMTT-29 modules, or
far end loop.
Fiber or
SunLite GigE Hub/ Hub/ Copper
Near-end Repeater Repeater
Figure 48 Layer 1 BERT Connections
1. Connect the near end SunLite GigE to the circuit as shown in Figure 48.
• If using an 850 nm optical transceiver, use the SA561 cable.
• If using either a 1310 or 1550 nm optical transceiver then use the SA562 cable.
• If using the copper interface, use a standard copper Ethernet cable.
2. Configure the near end SunLite GigE by selecting from the main menu, BERT
Throughput > Configuration.
3. In the Stream Table with 1 selected, press Edit (F2).
4. Frame Structure: Check MAC. Press Edit (F2) and configure:
Frame Type: IEEE 802.3
Type: 0000
MAC Src.: Set for near end device (SunLite GigE).
MAC Dst.: Set for far end device.
When finished, press OK (F4).
5. In Frame Structure check PAYLOAD. A.
Press Edit (F2) and configure:
68 SunLite GigE
Sequence Number & Time Stamp: Ver 1
Test Pattern: 2^31-1
B. When finished, press OK (F4).
6. If needed, configure the far end tester.
• If performing this test between two testers back-to-back, configure both testers
as above.
• If performing a software loopback, configure the far end tester as follows:
Mode: Manual
Format: Layer 1
• Otherwise, make sure the far end has a hardware loop back.
7. In the SunLite GigE Stream Table, press Menu (F3) and select Run Test to start
the BERT. The Statistics View Aggregate window will open automatically. Wait a
few moments and you should see no errors in Bit Error Count and Bit Error Ratio.
See Section 3.1.2 for interpretation of the results.
GigE 69
5.2 Layer 2 BERT
In a Layer 2 environment, as shown in Figure 49, you can run a BERT between
two testers. Layer 2 devices (switches) keep track of MAC address information in
order to forward traffic to the appropriate port, therefore each test set has to be
configured with valid source and destination MAC address.
Layer 2 testing is often performed to verify the quality of service provided over an
Ethernet network. Unlike a Layer 1 BERT, the Layer 2 BERT generates valid MAC
frames so that the test traffic can traverse through bridges and switches.
The test configuration for Layer 2 BERT is more involved than for Layer 1 because
the proper MAC addresses (and possibly VLAN ID) must be entered. The following
procedure assumes that VLAN is not required. Many VLAN-based services only
use VLAN between switches and not at the customer interface. See Section
3.1.1.1 VLAN.
A simple hardware loopback is not adequate for Layer 2 testing. Two test sets are
always required, either back-to-back or one unit (the far end) in Layer 2 loopback
mode. However, as the exception, many EOS networks require Layer 2 testing, but as
the network elements don’t look at the specific MAC header, a hardware loop often
suffices.
Link
IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 12:38:02
Up:100 Mbps Full Duplex
Layer 2
Ethernet
BERT IP
Configuration
Measurement
Far End
Switch MTT-GigE, MTT-GR,
STT-Metro, or SSMTT
series SSMTT-28/
SMTT-29 modules.
Layer 2 Fiber or
SunLite GigE Ethernet Copper
Near-end Switch
Figure 49 Layer 2 BERT Setup
1. Connect the SunLite GigE to the circuit as in Figure 49.

• If using an 850 nm optical transceiver, then use the SA561 cable.
• If using the copper interface, then use a standard copper Ethernet cable.
2. Turn on each tester. Each tester automatically negotiates with the link partner
device to bring the link up. Refer to the top line of each screen for information on
the status of the link or to the LINK/ACT LED.
3. From the near end SunLite GigE main menu, select BERT Throughput > Con-
figuration and configure as follows:
A. In Frame Structure: Check MAC.
B. Press Edit (F2) and configure:
Type: 0000
MAC Src. and MAC Dst.: Set these addresses to the appropriate values.
70 SunLite GigE
• If performing the test between two testers back-to-back, they should have
the same addresses, except with Src and Dst. reversed.
4. In Frame Structure check VLAN (if needed).
A. Press Edit (F2) and configure each VLAN tag as needed. See Section 3.1.1.1
or configuration details.
5. In Frame Structure check MPLS (if needed).
A. Press Edit (F2) and configure each MPLS tag as needed. See Section 3.1.1.1
or configuration details.
6. In Frame Structure check PAYLOAD.
A. Press Edit (F2) and configure:
C. When finished, press OK (F4).
7. In Frame Structure select Frame Size.
A. Set the desired frame size.
• 64 or 1518 bytes are used most often since these represent the normal
minimum and maximum frame size allowed by the network.
8. In Traffic Shape, set the Traffic Shape to Ramp and press Edit (F2).
Note: Ramp was selected for this test so that the switch would not be immediately
inundated with full bandwidth traffic. Also, by slowly increasing the bandwidth
over the course of 90 seconds, one can correlate the traffic rate that causes lost
frames, should they occur.
9. In the Ramp Configuration screen, set:
Repeat: Unchecked
Duration: Seconds.
Start Rate:10%
Stop Rate: 100%
Step Size: 10%
Step Duration 10 seconds.
10. Press OK (F4).
11.In the Stream Table use one stream.
12. If needed, configure the far end tester.
• If performing this test between two testers back-to-back, configure both testers
as above.
• If performing a software loopback, configure the far end tester as follows:
Mode: Manual
Format: Layer 2/3
See Figure 22 for interpretation of the results.
GigE 71
5.3 Configuring VLAN Testing
For BERT, you may need to set VLAN up. The SunLite GigE supports up to three
VLAN tags.
1. From the near end SunLite GigE main menu, select BERT Throughput > Con-
figuration and √ VLAN .
2. Press Edit (F2) and configure as follows:
3. Choose the number of VLAN tags (1 to 3).
4. Press Auto Fill (F3) and choose the type of Action you wish to make:
• Fixed: All steams will have the same value.
• Increment or Decrement: The VLAN tag will be different for each stream, starting
with the selected stream. The starting point will be the first stream in the stream
table.
5. Choose where you would like to apply those changes in Affect Streams:
• Current Only: Only the selected stream will be affected. Fixed, Increment, and
Decrement will all have the same effect.
• From Current: The selected stream and all those that follow it will be affected.
Streams located higher up on the stream table will be unaffected.
• All Streams: All streams are affected.
6. Choose which fields you wish to modify by checking the appropriate boxes: Pri.,
CFI, and/or VLAN ID.
• Set the Starting value you wish to use.
• Set the Step Size you wish to use.
• For Fixed modification, step size is disabled.
• For Increment or Decrement, select your step size.
7. When finished, press Apply (F4).
8. In the VLAN screen, press OK (F4).
9. In the Stream Configuration Screen, press OK (F3) if finished, or press Next (F4)
to configure another stream.
Example
Suppose you have eight streams that have the same VLAN ID (such as 100) but
you want each to have a different priority.
1. Select Stream Configuration #1
2. Select VLAN and press EDIT (F2)
3. Check #1.
3. Press Auto Fill (F3).
4. For Action, select Fixed.
5. For Affect Streams select From Current Stream.
6. Check the VLAN ID box.
7. Set the VLAN ID Start field to 100.
8. Leave the User Priority and CFI boxes unchecked.
9. Press Apply (F4). Note that the VLAN #1 setting updates in the VLAN screen.
10. Check #2
11. Press Auto Fill (F3).
12. For Action, select Increment.
13.For Affect Streams select From Current Stream
14.Check the Pri. box.
15. Set the Pri. Start field to 0.
16. Set the Pri. Step Size to 1.
72 SunLite GigE
17.Leave the CFI and VLAN ID boxes unchecked.
18. Press Apply (F4). Note that the VLAN #2 setting updates in the VLAN screen.
19. Press OK (F4).
5.4 Layer 3 BERT-Indirect Routing

In a Layer 3 environment, as shown in Figure 50, where the testers are located in
different networks, indirect routing through a gateway must be used. In this case,
you will run an IP Throughput test. This configuration is referred to as indirect rout-
ing because tester 1 cannot transmit traffic directly to tester 2, traffic in this case is
routed by the gateway(s).
Layer 3
Device
(Router)
IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 12:38:02
Far End
BERT IP
Throughput Features RFC-2544
MTT-GigE, MTT-GR,
Loopback Utility
Configuration
Measurement
Network STT-Metro, or SSMTT

series SSMTT-28/
SMTT-29 modules.
Layer 3 Fiber or
Device Copper
SunLite GigE
(Router)
Near-end
Figure 50 Layer 3 BERT, Indirect Routing Setup
1. Connect the SunLite GigE to the circuit as in Figure 50.

• If using an 850 nm optical transceiver, then use the SA561 cable.
• If using the copper interface, then use a standard copper Ethernet cable.
2. Turn on each tester. Each tester automatically negotiates with the link partner
device to bring the link up. Refer to the top line of each screen for information on
the status of the link or to the LINK/ACT LED.
3. From the SunLite GigE main menu, select BERT Throughput > Configura-
tion.
A. Configure as follows:
In Frame Structure: Check MAC. Press Edit (F2) and configure:
Type: 0000
MAC Src. and MAC Dst.: Set these addresses to the appropriate values. If per-
forming the test between two testers back-to-back, they should have the same
addresses, except with Src and Dst reversed.
4. In Frame Structure, check VLAN (if needed). Press Edit (F2) and configure each
VLAN tag as needed. See Section 3.1.1.1 VLAN for configuration details.
5. In Frame Structure, check MPLS (if needed). Press Edit (F2) and configure each
MPLS tag as needed. See Section 3.1.1.1 MPLS for configuration details.
GigE 73
6. In Frame Structure, check IP. Press Edit (F2) and set the IP Address mode and
enter the appropriate IP addresses needed for either Static or DHCP. See
Section 3.1.1.1 IP for configuration details.
7. In Frame Structure, check TCP/UDP. Press Edit (F2) and configure the TCP/
UDP Ports as needed See Section 3.1.1.1 TCP/UDP for configuration details.
8. In Frame Structure, check PAYLOAD. Press Edit (F2) and configure:
9. In Frame Structure select Frame Size and set the desired frame size.
• 64 or 1518 bytes are used most often since these represent the normal
minimum and maximum frame size allowed by the network.
10. In Traffic Shape, set the Traffic Shape to Ramp and press Edit (F2).
Note: Ramp was selected for this test so that the switch would not be immediately
inundated with full bandwidth traffic. Also, by slowly increasing the bandwidth
over the course of 90 seconds, one can correlate the traffic rate that causes lost
frames, should they occur.
11. In the Ramp Configuration screen, set:
Repeat: Unchecked
Duration: Seconds.
Start Rate:10%
Stop Rate: 100%
Step Size: 10%
Step Duration 10 seconds.
12. Press OK (F4).
13.In the Stream Table use up to eight streams, configure each stream as needed
using the pervious procedure.
See Section 3.1.2 for interpretation of the results.
74 SunLite GigE
5.5 RFC-2544 Testing
RFC-2544 testing uses three out-of-service tests: throughput, latency, and frame
loss rate. Use Auto Test to automatically run them at various frame sizes, to provide
a clear picture of the operational characteristics of the device or network. The tests
can take from a minutes to a few hours depending on the throughput of the network
and the test parameters (duration of each test, frame sizes, resolution, etc.). The
fourth test, Back-to-Back, is used less often.
If applied to a live network, the test traffic required for RFC-2544 will interfere with
customer traffic and can result in disrupted service and erroneous test results.
Straight Through Setup
Copper
or DUT
Fiber
SunLite GigE
Straight Forward Coordination of Both Ends
Copper Loopback
or DUT Device
Fiber
SunLite GigE
Figure 51 RFC-2544 Testing Setups
5.5.1 RFC-2544 Test Configurations

Test Layers
RFC-2544 is designed for Layer 2 and Layer 3 devices. As such, each test frame
must have a valid MAC header, preamble, and interpacket gap. For testing Layer 3
devices, such as routers, a valid IP header is also required. Though VLAN support is
not mentioned in RFC-2544, VLAN-based services should include the appropriate
VLAN tags. Unframed testing, where the payload data is not encapsulated into a
valid Ethernet frame, is not compatible with RFC-2544 device testing.
The SunLite GigE uses a frame payload that consists of a sequence number, a time
stamp, and a user selected test pattern. The sequence number and time stamp are
used to accurately measure lost frames and latency, respectively.
Frame Sizes
Standard frame sizes for Ethernet testing are 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518
bytes. With systems that support jumbo frames, such as 4096 or 9000-byte frames,
these frame sizes should be tested as well. The SunLite GigE defaults to the frame
size defined in RFC-2544, but allows you to set the frame size to any valid value.
GigE 75
5.5.2 RFC-2544 Testing Overviews
Throughput
The throughput test determines the maximum frame rate without lost frames the
DUT can manage. The test begins at 100% frame rate by sending a predetermined
number of frames, or, more commonly, sending the frames for a predetermined
length of time. If any frames are lost, the test is repeated at a lower frame rate. This
process continues until the maximum throughput is determined.
The SunLite GigE uses a binary search algorithm for determining throughput. The
standard test reduces the throughput by a set increment, such as 10%. This is not the
most efficient algorithm available especially for determining the throughput with a
better resolution, such as 1%. The binary search changes the throughput value by
ever decreasing increments: 50%, 25%, etc. The throughput is increased or decreased
depending on the results of the previous test. The algorithm continues to run until the
throughput is determined to within the specified resolution, typically 1—10%.
Latency
The standard latency test is to run test traffic at the predetermined throughput rate
for two minutes, and measure the latency of a single tagged frame sent at least one
minute into test. The reported latency is the average of twenty such tests.
Strict adherence to the standard would require 280 minutes, over four hours, to
complete for all frame sizes. The SunLite GigE provides the option to instead per-
form a “Quick Latency” test that eliminates the need to run a separate and time-
consuming latency test. During the throughput test, the latency of the test frames is
measured and averaged. Results from failed throughput tests are discarded. The
latency results from the highest successful throughput test are kept and reported.
Latency results as a function of frame size and throughput are tabularized.
Frame Loss Rate

The frame loss rate test plots the frame loss as a function of utilization. Similar to the
throughput test, the test begins at 100% frame rate by sending a predetermined
number of frames, and recording the percentage of lost frames. The bandwidth is
reduced by a preset amount, 10% or less, and the test is repeated. If two succes-
sive trials result in no frame loss, the lower rates are not tested and assumed to
have zero frame loss. This test is repeated for each frame size.
Throughput Test Sample

The following sample test presumes the use of an FE port for a RFC-2544 through-
put test. The test operates between two SunLite GigE testers.
1. From the SunLite GigE main menu select RFC-2544 > Throughput Test and
configure the following:
Test Layer: Layer 2
Src. MAC and Dst. MAC: Set these addresses to the appropriate values.
VLAN Tag: Set as needed. See Section 3.1.1.1 VLAN..
Press PgDN (F4) and configure the rest of the test.
Tx Mode: Time - 10 seconds
Tx Rate (Initial %): 100%
Tx Rate (Final %): 10%
Delta %: 1%
Frame Size Mode: Auto or Fixed
76 SunLite GigE
Frame Size: If Frame Size Mode is set to Fixed, use 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024,
1280, or 1518. Selecting fewer frames will decrease testing time.
2. If desired, press Save (F3) and enter a Filename to save your test setup.
3. Configure the far end tester with a software loopback as follows:
Mode : Manual
Layer: Layer 2
4. Press Test (F2) on the SunLite GigE to start the RFC-2544 test. The Throughput
measurement screen will be displayed. See Section 3.3.1.1 for the interpreta-
tion of the results.
5.6 Loopback Applications
Switch
MTT-GigE, MTT-GR,
Metro Area STT-Metro, SSMTT
IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 12:38:02
BERT IP
Network series SSMTT-28/
SMTT-29 modules, or
Configuration
Measurement

far end loop.
Fiber or
Switch Copper
SunLite GigE
Figure 52 Loopback Mode Testing
Loopback mode allows the specified Ethernet port to send incoming Ethernet frames
back to the sender for end-to-end testing. Performing loopback tests is a common
means of verifying the round trip delay of the network. The Ethernet loopback func-
tions have been designed to emulate those used in traditional T-carrier networks.
Manual mode immediately sets the port into loopback, whereas Responder mode
allows the far end unit to send loop up and loop down commands.
There are two possible configurations for the loopback feature:
• Manual Mode: In this mode the SunLite GigE will loopback all incoming frames
as soon as this mode is selected.
• Responder Mode: In this mode, a test set setup as a controller will send a loop up
command to the SunLite GigE, which will then start looping all incoming frames.
The SunLite GigE will continue doing this until a loop down frame is received
from the controller.
For setup details, see Section 3.4.
GigE 77
5.7 Ping Test Application
Ethernet Network
Router Router
Router Router
Router
Any device that
can respond to
BERT
IP(DHCP):169.254.38.159 12:38:02
IP RFC-2544
Throughput Features
Loopback Utility
ICMP Echo request
Configuration
Measurement
packets.
Fiber or
Router Copper
SunLite GigE
Figure 53 Ping Testing
The complexity of a routed IP network can make traditional throughput testing

cumbersome and time consuming. The SunLite GigE offers a simple ping test to
verify Layer 3 connectivity. Ping testing also has the advantage that it works with any
router or device that responds to ICMP Echo request packets, and does not require
a second test set.
For setup details, see Section 3.2.
78 SunLite GigE
GigE 79
6 Reference
This section contains information on Ethernet technology and fiber optic cable.
6.1 Ethernet Overview

Once the primary delivery mechanism for data across a LAN (Local Area Net-
work), the utilization of Ethernet has expanded to MAN and WAN (Metropolitan
and Wide Area Networks) to challenge traditional TDM-based technologies such
as T-Carrier, PDH, and SONET/SDH. Its superior cost performance, proven ability
to carry packet-based data, and easy integration into a LAN environment make it a
preferred solution to ATM, Token Ring, and Frame Relay for delivering IP-based
services such as VoIP and IPTV as well as traditional data and internet traffic.
Ethernet interface rates today span from 10 Mbps up to 10 Gbps. Typically, Ether-
net is carried over UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) or fiber optic cable (single-mode
or multi-mode, depending on wavelength), but other options exist, including thin
coaxial cable.
The original Ethernet standard was for 10M and 100M is referred to as Fast Ethernet.
Most copper Ethernet ports support both 10M and 100M (and even 1000M in some
cases) and they are usually referred to as 10/100M ports or 10/100BASE-T.
Ethernet is controlled by the IEEE 802.3 body of standards, but its historical de-
velopment has also lead to deviations, such as the DIX Ethernet (also known as
Ethernet II), as well as vendor-specific implementations (such as 1000BASE-LH for
long-haul Ethernet). Except where noted, the following refers to IEEE standards.
Name Rate Medium

10BASE-T 10M CAT-3 UTP
100BASE-T/TX 100M CAT-5 UTP
100BASE-FX 100M Multi-mode or single-mode fiber
1000BASE-T 1000M CAT-5/5e UTP
1000BASE-SX 1000M Multi-mode fiber, 850 nm
1000BASE-LX 1000M Single-mode fiber, 1310 nm
1000BASE-ZX 1000M Single-mode fiber, 1550 nm
10GBASE-SR 10G LAN Multi-mode fiber, 850 nm
10GBASE-LR 10G LAN Single-mode fiber, 1310 nm
10GBASE-ER 10G LAN Single-mode fiber, 1550 nm
10GBASE-SW 10G WAN Multi-mode fiber, 850 nm
10GBASE-LW 10G WAN Single-mode fiber, 1310 nm
10GBASE-EW 10G WAN Single-mode fiber, 1550 nm
Table 5 Common Ethernet Standards
10G LAN has a line rate of 10 Gbps. 10G WAN encapsulates Ethernet traffic into
an OC-192c/STM-64c frame has thus has a line rate of 9.953 Gbps.
80 SunLite GigE
6.1.1 Optical Line Encoding
Before being transmitted across optical fiber, the bits of the Ethernet signal are
converted using an encoding scheme known as 8B/10B encoding (for Gigabit Eth-
ernet) or 64B/66B encoding (for 10 Gigabit Ethernet). A receiving device reverses the
encoding, so that the encoding is completely transparent to the user. Encoding helps
to ensure a balanced transmission of 1s and 0s in the signal which aids in DC
balance and clock recovery.
8B/10B encoding takes each block of 8 bits and translated them into a code word that
is 10 bits long. For a Gigabit Ethernet, this means the number of bits transmitted is
actually 1.25 Gbps (1 Gbps x 10 bits/8 bits). With 10 bits, there are 1024 unique code
words for mapping 256 possible 8-bit data blocks. Many code words are not used.
Some are reserved for link-level signaling. In many cases, a single 8-bit block can be
mapped into one of two code words that are bitwise inverts of each other. Code words
are chosen in such a manner so as the number of 1s and 0s balance out in a process
called running disparity. A violation of these rules is called a disparity error.
Note: The 8 data bits are actually first broken into 5-bit and 3-bit blocks which are en-
coded separately into 6- and 4-bit code words, but for the purposes of this discussion,
thinking of the encoding process as a single step of 8-bits to 10-bits is sufficient.
64B/66B encoding serves a similar function but uses a different method of mapping
data bits into code words. The 64 data bits (8 bytes) are scrambled, and then a 2-bit
synchronization header is added. For 10GE LAN, the physical line rate is actually
10.3125 Gbps (10G x 66 bits / 64 bits). For 10GE WAN, the encoding is done before
the Ethernet payload is placed side the OC-192c/STM-64c payload envelope.
6.1.2 Ethernet Frames
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Preamble + SFD 8 bytes
2 Destination MAC Address 6 bytes
3 Source MAC Address 6 bytes
4 Type/Length 2 bytes
5 Data 46-1500 bytes
6 CRC 4 bytes
Figure 54 Ethernet Frame Format
Preceding each frame is a preamble of 7 bytes and a 1-byte SFD (Start Frame
Delimiter). The preamble is a pattern of alternating 1s and 0s (10101010) for all
7 bytes. The SFD has a pattern of 10101011. The preamble allows devices to de-
tect and synchronize to incoming Ethernet frames; the SFP marks the end of the
preamble. For the purposes of calculating frame lengths, the 8 bytes of Preamble
and SFP are not included.
An Ethernet frame consists of a MAC (Media Access Control ) header, followed by
the frame payload, and ends with a FCS (Frame Check Sequence).
The 14-byte MAC header consists of a 6-byte Destination Address, a 6-byte Source
Address, and a 2-byte Ethertype field.
The Ethertype field is either used as a frame length indicator or as protocol indi-
cator, depending on which Ethernet standard is being used. IEEE 802.2 uses the
field to indicate the frame length (in hex). The DIX or Ethernet II standard uses the
GigE 81
field to indicate the type of data being transmitted. In most IP-based applications,
the Ethernet II standard is used and the field is set to an Ethertype of 0x0800 to
indicate an IP version 4 payload.
Ethertype values: http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/ethertype/eth.txt
The minimum payload size is 46 bytes. Frames with fewer payload bytes are con-
sidered undersized. The minimum Ethernet frame size is 64 bytes. The maximum
frame size is 1518 bytes. Frame sizes above 1518, called jumbo frames, are allowed
by some systems, and are an effective means of increasing the efficiency of the
network. The presence of VLAN tags changes the effective minimum and
maximum frame sizes (see below).
The FCS is a 4-byte CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) performed over the entire
Ethernet frame. Sometimes the FCS is called the CRC field. To avoid confusion, it
is sometimes written as the FCS/CRC field. When an Ethernet device receives a
frame, it performs a CRC calculation and compares it to the frame’s FCS field. If
they match, the frame is processed. If they do not match, the frame is discarded.
Due to the limits of the error-checking capabilities of a 4-byte CRC, the largest
practical size for an Ethernet frame is roughly 12,000 bytes.
Note: Because errored frames are discarded, performing a bit error test at the
Ethernet layer is very different than for TDM networks. The presence of a bit error
that does not also cause a CRC error is exceedingly rare. In the vast majority of
cases, a bit error translates into a lost frame. For this reason, most Ethernet QoS
(Quality of Service) standards use lost frames as its primary metric and do not rely
on bit error or BER (Bit Error Ratio).
6.1.3 MAC Address

The MAC addresses consist of 6 bytes, written in hexadecimal. The first three bytes
contain a vendor code, also known as the OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) or
company_id; the last three bytes contain a unique station ID. Vendor codes are
assigned and administered by the IEEE. The OUI for VeEX is 00-D0- DD. The
station IDs are assigned by the manufacturers are often tied to the serial number of
the device.
Vendor codes: http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt
00 - D0 - DD - 01 - 34 - 3A
Assigned by IEEE to vendor: 3 bytes User Value
Figure 55 MAC Address Format
Most Ethernet traffic is designated to travel from one station to another specific
station. This is called unicast traffic.
Broadcast Ethernet traffic is sent to all stations on the network; such frames are
given a MAC destination of all-ones: FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF. Because broadcast traffic
is very polluting, it should be avoided whenever possible.
82 SunLite GigE
Multicast traffic is sent from one station, but is then directed to a group of stations.
Multicasting is more efficient and more network-friendly than broadcasting. Typical
applications for multicast traffic include IP video delivery and LAN protocols.
Multicast traffic is designated by setting the first bit of the address to 1. Because
the least significant bit is transmitted first, this means the last bit of the first byte is
set to 1; in other words, the byte value is odd. The MAC vendor code used for IP
multicast packets is typically 01-00-5E-xx-xx-xx, as specified by RFC 1112.
Testing Note
Most Ethernet testing is performed with unicast traffic. One tester generates unicast
frames that are received by the far end test set, which is either sending unicast
traffic of its own or looping the frames by swapping the source and destination
addresses. Furthermore, different test streams can be designated by their MAC
addresses.
When testing multicast services, some care must be taken. Loopback devices wil
not loop multicast (or broadcast) traffic. Also, the use of multicast MAC destination
addresses may cause problems designating test traffic. As shown in Table 6, the
MAC addresses sent by a tester do not match the MAC addressed received.
MAC Source MAC Destination

Generated 00-D0-DD-12-34-56 01-00-5E-00-00-05
Received 00-D0-DD-AB-CD-EF 01-00-5E-00-00-06
Table 6 Sample MAC Addresses
Thus, when running this test, the test results will indicate no BERT traffic since the
incoming traffic does not match that sent. Fortunately, all normal traffic statistics
and measurements can be made, with the exception of bit errors and BER.
6.1.4 Interframe Gap

The gap of time between the end of one frame and the start of the preamble for
the next frame is called IFG (Inter Frame Gap).
Because most Ethernet traffic carries IP packets, IFG is often called IPG (Inter
Packet Gap). In fact, the terms packet and frame tend to be used interchangeably
even though they refer to very distinct entities.
Frame IFG Frame IFG Frame
Figure 56 IFG
The minimum IFG is 12 bytes, or 96 bit-times. The minimum IFG thus depends on
the interface rate, as shown in Table 7.
Interface Bit Time Minimum IFG
10M 100.0 ns 9.6 s
100M 10.0 ns 0.96 s
1G 1.0 ns 96.0 ns
10G 0.1 ns 9.6 ns
Table 7 Minimum IFG
78 SunLite GigE
To improve efficiency, some network elements support frame gaps lower than 12
bytes, but the non-standard implementation is not wide-spread and not generally
recommended.
6.1.5 Frame Size and Efficiency

Because each frame is followed by a frame gap and preamble, there is an inher- ent
inefficiency built into Ethernet traffic. The percentage of bandwidth lost to the
20 bytes of IPG and preamble is lower for larger frames than smaller frames, as
shown in Table 8.
Data size Overhead/ Frames/ Total bits lost % of Bandwidth

frame second (overhead) Lost
64 Bytes (512 160 bits 1,488,095 238,095,238 23%
bits)
128 Bytes 160 bits 844,594 135,135,135 13%
(1024 bits)
512 Bytes 160 bits 234,962 37,593,984 3.7%
(4096 bits)
1024 Bytes 160 bits 119,731 19,157,088 1.9%
(8192 bits)
1518 Bytes 160 bits 81,274 13,003,901 1.3%
(12144 bits)
Table 8 Ethernet Frame Rates
6.1.6 VLAN Tagging

A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is an independent logical LAN within a physi-
cal network. For example, within a single enterprise LAN, different divisions may be
grouped within their own VLANs. VLANs provide a secure means of sub-diving
networks, control broadcast domains, and manage user access. VLANs are defined
in the IEEE 802.1p and 802.1q standards.
VLANs are designated by a VLAN tag that is added to the MAC frame after the MAC
source address. The 4-byte tag consists of a 2-byte TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier)
and 2-byte TCI (Tag Control Information). The TPID has a value of 0x8100.
Destination Source Type/

Address Address VLAN Tag Data CRC
Length
TPID P C VID
UP CFI VLAN ID
TPID (16 bits): Tag Protocol Identifier set to 8100 (hex).

P (3 bits): IEEE 802.1P Priority level, set between 0 and 7.
C (1 bit): Canonical indicator set to 0.
VID (12 bits): VLAN ID, set between 0 to 4095.
UP (3 bits): User Priority
CFI (1 bit): Canonical Format Indicator
VLAN ID (12 bits): Virtual Local Area Netword Identiifer
Figure 57 VLAN Tag Details
GigE 79
Note: The TPID can actually be thought of as an Ethertype designation, identifying
the payload as a VLAN. The original MAC frame’s Ethertype field is moved to the
inside of the VLAN payload, following the TCI.
The TCI contains the 12-bit VLAN identification, 3-bit priority field, and 1-bit canoni-
cal format indicator (CFI). The VLAN ID can have a value between 0 and 4095.
However, values 0, 1, and 4095 are reserved and best avoided. The priority field
allows the network administrator to assign a value from 0 to 7 based on the type of
traffic. The CFI is always set to 0 for Ethernet traffic.
User Priority Traffic Type

0 Best Effort
1 Background
2 Spare
3 Excellent Effort
4 Controlled Load
5 Video < 100 ms latency and jitter
6 Voice < 10 ms latency and jitter
7 Network Control
Table 9 User Priority
VLAN Membership
Ethernet traffic can be assigned VLAN memberships through several means:
By Port: all traffic through a particular switch port is assigned the same VLAN.
• Fast traffic forwarding.
• Easy to maintain for network administrators.
• VLAN membership tied to geographic location.
By MAC address: Each MAC source address is assigned a specific VLAN ID.
• Great flexibility.
• VLAN lookup tables require manual configuration by network administrators.
• MAC address lookup takes more processing time.
By Protocol: VLAN IDs are assigned based on IP address, or protocol used (such
as AppleTalk).
• Great flexibility.
• Protocol lookup takes more processing time.
By Authentication: VLAN IDs are assigned based on authentication credentials or
the result of IEEE 802.1X authentication results.
• Improved security.
• Ideal for wireless connectivity.
80 SunLite GigE
Stacked VLAN Tags
IEEE 802.1ad amends 802.1q by providing a means to stack multiple VLAN tags for
traffic management and bridging. This technique of placing one 802.1q tag inside
another is often called “Q-in-Q”.
Etype
MAC DA MAC SA Etype TAG Length Data FCS
DA: MAC Destination Address

C-Customer SA: MAC Source Address
Etype: Ethernet type/length
C-MAC C-Payload Data
TAG: 8021.Q.VLAN Tag
Enterprise DATA: Customer Data
CPE
FCS: Frame Check Sequence
C-MAC C-Tag C-Payload Data
S-Carrier
Access
C-MAC S-Tag C-Tag C-Payload Data
To Carrier Core
Figure 58 Stacked VLAN Tags
Stacking VLAN tags is an efficient means of differentiating traffic through a net-

work backbone, especially when then the user data may itself have VLAN tags. The
outer tag, also known as the service tag or S-tag is distinguished from the customer
tag, or C-tag. The TPID of the C-tag is usually 0x8100, as for normal VLAN traffic.
The TPID of the S-Tag may have a proprietary value, depending on the
implementation by the vendor. Each tag layer has its own priority setting. The priority
of the outer tag allows the network provider to achieve the desired quality of
service for the bridged traffic.
VLAN and Frame Size

Because the minimum payload size for an Ethernet frame is 46 bytes, the presence
of the 4-byte VLAN TPID and TCI pushes the minimum frame size from 64 bytes to
68 bytes. Likewise, the largest, non-Jumbo frame size increases from 1518 to
1522 bytes. Stacked VLAN tags also increase the minimum and maximum frame
sizes by 4 bytes per VLAN tag.
When a device receives a VLAN tagged frame that is only 64 bytes, and it must remove
the VLAN tag and forward the Ethernet payload, it is left with a frame that is only 60
bytes long. At this point, the device may simply drop the frame. Some systems may
add 4 bytes of filler at the end of the payload to create a legal 64-byte frame.
GigE 81
6.1.7 MPLS
Multi Protocol Label Switching architecture was designed to provide a unified data
carrying service/simple routing for both circuit-based clients and packet-switching
clients providing a datagram service model. Basically, it allows voice, IP, ATM, Frame
Relay and Ethernet services all to be carried on the same network. It can be used
with many types of framing, including Ethernet.
The Layer 3 label analysis is only just once, when the packet enters the MPLS
domain. After that, labels are just inspected to continue packet forwarding.
Packet
Layer 2 Header Top Label ... Bottom Label Layer 3 Header

Data Layer Network Layer
MPLS
Label ESP S TTL
20 bits 3 bits 1 bit 8 bits
4 bytes
Figure 59 MPLS Structure
The MPLS header contains a ‘stack’ of one or more labels. A label has four fields
as shown in Figure 59:
• 20-bit Label value.
• 3-bit field for CoS priority (EXP, experimental).
• 1-bit bottom of S (Stack) flag. If used, it signifies the current label is the last in
the stack.
• 8-bit TTL (time to live) field; The Time to Live label will expire at the conclusion
of this number of time-to-live hops.
• The EXP (Experimental) field can be used to distinguish classes of service, or
per hop behavior, for differing classes of traffic traveling within the MPLS tunnel
(AKA Label Switched Path - LSP). Alternatively, an LSP carrying a single traffic
class uses the label to determine the per hop behavior of the class.
6.1.8 Ethernet Standards and Resources
IEEE Standards
The following 802 standards are available for free download from the IEEE website
at http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/index.html
• IEEE 802®: Overview and Architecture
• IEEE 802.1TM Bridging and Management
• IEEE 802.2TM: Logical Link Control
• IEEE 802.3TM: CSMA/CD Access Method
• IEEE 802.5TM: Token Ring Access Method
• IEEE 802.11TM: Wireless
• IEEE 802.15TM: Wireless Personal Area Networks
• IEEE 802.16TM: Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks
• IEEE 802.17TM. Resilient Packet Rings
IEEE Registration Authority has a number of public listings available at http://stan-
dards.ieee.org/regauth/publiclistings.html
82 SunLite GigE
• OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) Public Listing
• IAB (Individual Address Block) Public Listing
• OUI-36 Public Listing
• EtherType Field Public Listing
• Manufacturer ID Public Listing
• LLC (Logical Link Control) Public Listing
• Standard Group MAC Address Public Listing
• URN (Unique Registration Numbers) Public Listing
• IEEE 802.16 Operator ID
RFC (Requests for Comments) Documents

RFC documents are a series of memoranda on internet technologies, techniques,
and innovations. Organized through the Internet Society, RFCs are the best resource
for technical information on these technologies and protocols. Some RFCs become
internet standards through the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
All RFCs are available for free online at the RFC Editor:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html
but most can be found easily simply by typing the RFC number (such as “RFC
791”) into a web browser.
The most common RFCs for Ethernet services testing are:
• RFC 768: User Datagram Protocol
• RFC 793: Transmission Control Protocol
• RFC 791: Internet Protocol
• RFC 792: Internet Control Message Protocol
• RFC 826: Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol
• RFC 2544: Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices
• RFC 2889: Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching Devices class uses
the label to determine the per hop behavior of the class.
MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum)

The Metro Ethernet Forum is an industry alliance which develops technical speci-
fications for carrier Ethernet worldwide. Over a dozen specifications are online at:
www.metroethernetforum.org.
GigE 83
6.2 IP Overview
Internet Protocol is the language computers on the Internet use to talk to one
another.
Type of
Version IHL Service Total Length
Identification Flags Fragment Offset
Time to Live Protocol* Header Checksum
Source Address
Destination Address
Options + Padding
Data
*TCP or UDP
Figure 60 IP Packet
To send a message using IP, the computer adds extra information, known as the IP
header, in front of the message, creating an IP packet. The IP header contains the
address of the computer meant to receive the message, as well as the address of
the sender. It is like regular mail: the IP header is the envelope, with the recipient
address and the sender addresses on it, and the message itself is inside. In this
case the addresses are numbers, like “67.34.22.199”. The IP packet is sent to the
Internet, over Ethernet, DSL, or PPP.
The computers that make up the Internet itself look at the destination address in
the IP header, and forward the packet on, from one to another, until it gets to where it
is going, just as the Post Office forwards envelopes from one sorting office to the
next until it is finally sent out for delivery.
6.2.1 TCP
IP is unreliable: packets can get lost due to faults or overloads in the network. If a
packet does get lost the sender has no way of knowing. TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol) is designed to fix this. Nearly everything that happens on the Internet –
web browsing, e-mail, instant messaging, etc – uses TCP.
TCP adds its own header to the message, saying how much data it has already
sent and how much it has received from the other end. The combination of TCP
header and the actual message is then wrapped in IP and sent to the network,
hopefully to reach the addressed computer - usually after passing through many
forwarding computers on the way.
When the recipient computer receives the TCP message it sends an acknowledgment
back. If the original sender sees that acknowledgment, then all is well: the next mes-
sage can be sent. If the sender does not get an acknowledgment within a reasonable
time, it sends the message again, repeating this until it knows the message has got
through, or until it eventually gives up and assumes that the network is broken.
84 SunLite GigE
In reality, TCP acknowledges many messages at a time, while simultaneously send-
ing its own messages. For example, a TCP header might say “I have received all
your messages up to number 97, and here is my message number 38”.
6.2.2 ICMP and Ping

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), like TCP, uses IP to communicate from
one computer to another. Unlike with TCP, these messages do not carry information
of interest to users; instead they let the computers find out about one another.
One important type of ICMP message is called echo request. When one computer
wants to check that it can reach another, it sends it echo request ICMP packet, which
asks “are you there?” When the other end receives that, it sends back a reply, called
an echo response, meaning “yes, I am here”. This process is called a ping. By sending
a series of pings it is possible to learn a lot about the state of the network.
If we send a series of echo requests and never get any echo replies, then something
is broken: perhaps the network itself is down, or perhaps the computer we are
trying to reach has lost its network connection.
If we send a series of echo requests, but only get replies to some of them, then the
network and remote computer are working, but not very well: some IP packets are
getting lost. Even though TCP can compensate for lost packets, there is a limit to
how much it can do – and every time a packet gets lost TCP has to send it again,
making the overall network slower. As a rough guide, anything more than about
10% packet loss will break TCP, and anything more than 1% will tend to make it
painfully slow. A well engineered network should have negligible packet loss.
Each time we send an echo request, we can time how long it takes for the echo
reply to come back. This can tell us something about the quality of the network
connection. For example, if it takes a second for the reply to come back, then there
is a long network delay which probably makes it unusable for some delay-sensitive
applications, such as voice.
6.2.3 Routers
A router is a computer in the core of the network that forwards – routes – packets
from one part of the network to another. It has multiple network interfaces, each
connected to another router. Every time it receives a packet, a router looks at the
destination IP address in the IP header, consults its internal tables to decide what
to do with the packet, and then forwards it on, usually over a different network
interface to a different router.
The backbone of the Internet is made up of thousands of routers, working in collabo-
ration to forward packets from one to another, until they reach their destination.
6.2.4 Gateways
A gateway is a router that provides access to the Internet for user computers. On
one side it has one or more connections to network of routers that make up the
internet. On the other side it connects to individual computers.
There is no fundamental difference between what a gateway does and what a router
does (and the terms are often used interchangeably). They both take in packets on
one interface, and forward them out of another, according to the destination IP
address. The difference is in their position in the network. Routers live inside the
network, communicating with one another. Gateways live at the edge of the network,
communicating between routers and individual users.
GigE 85
6.2.5 DNS
The DNS (Domain Name System) was created to handle the challenge of both
remembering IP addresses and the fact that computer addresses may change over
time. DNS runs on computers known as Name Servers. They have regularly updated
tables of the names and IP addresses of all known computers on the Internet. When
you type “www.google.com” into the address bar of your web browser, the
first thing that happens is that a DNS request is sent to one of the name servers
saying “what is the IP address of www.google.com?” The name server will reply
with the numerical IP address, such as 208.67.219.230. Your computer will then
use that address in its IP packets to communicate with Google’s servers.
6.2.6 DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) is the way a computer which is just join-
ing the Internet can find its own IP address and other information, such as the IP
addresses of the name server gateway to use.
When the network software is starting up, it sends out a DHCP message in an IP
message which has a special type of destination address called a Broadcast
address. This will be received by all computers connected to the same network
segment and one (or more) of them will reply, giving the IP address that should be
used and other information.
6.2.7 ARP
The ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) allows a networked computer to search
for a computer with a particular IP address. ARP is important on LANs, such as
Ethernet, where there may be many computers attached to the network, but IP
packets should only be sent to one of them.
To find another computer, an ARP message is sent saying “who has IP address
192.168.1.2?” All of the computers on the network will see that message, but only
the one with that IP address will respond, saying “that’s me, at Ethernet address
12:34:56:78:9A:BC”. From then on, IP packets for 192.168.1.2 will be sent to Eth-
ernet address 12:34:56:78:9A:BC, so that only that computer will see them: all the
others on the network will filter out those packets.
86 SunLite GigE
6.3 Service Information
In general, handle fiber patch cords and connectors carefully. Always replace dust
covers. Keep the optical connectors clean, and make a practice of not looking into
fiber ends. The following sections give more specifics.
An optical fiber is a strand of glass about the same diameter as a human hair
strand, yet it is remarkably durable. Careful handling will ensure continued high
performance and long life.
• Do not pull or kink patch cords, as the glass strand in the middle might become
damaged or broken.
• A sharp bend will cause excessive signal loss.
• Keep patch cord bend radiuses no less than an inch.
• Use specialized optical cable raceways and plenums whenever they are avail-
able.
• Don’t use tie wraps as you would with electrical cables. Tie wraps will put strain
on the fiber. 6.3.1 Fiber Optic Connectors
6.3.2 Handling Optical Fiber

There are several types of optical connectors in use today. Figure 61 shows two
useful ones: SC and LC. In this example, an SC to FC bulkhead adapter will be used
to connect the two fibers together. Figure shows a multi-mode LC connector.
SC LC
Figure 61 SC to LC Cord
GigE 87
Figure 62 Duplex Multi-mode LC Connectors
• When using optical connectors, insert or remove the ferrule straight into the
sleeve.
• Minimize wiggling the connector as this may loosen the tight fit that is required
for the ferrule and sleeve.
• For SC connectors, orient the prominent key on the connector body with the slot in
bulkhead adapter. Push the connector in until it clicks. To remove, pinch the
connector body between your thumb and finger, and gently pull straight out.
• FC connectors require more care. Find the small key and orient it with the
equally small slot in the threaded section of the bulkhead adapter. This key is
not very visible. Thread the outer barrel only lightly—finger tight. Never use
pliers!
• Overtightening the barrel will not improve signal transmission, and could cause
permanent damage. To remove, unthread the barrel, and gently pull straight out.
• Most problems with FC connectors are due to key misalignment. This is difficult to
detect because when the key is misaligned the barrel may be threaded, which
then hides the misaligned key. One indication of misalignment is when the
barrel only catches the first one or two threads. The connector will not be
completely seated in the bulkhead adapter.
• A properly connected FC connector should seat completely, with the barrel
threading several turns.
6.3.3 Cleaning Optical Fiber

To ensure long life of the connectors and to minimize transmission loss at the con-
nection point, fiber optic connectors must be kept clean.
Precautions
• When not in use, always replace dust covers and caps to prevent deposits and
films from airborne particles. A single dust particle caught between two connec-
tors will cause significant signal loss. Dust particles can scratch the polished
fiber end, resulting in permanent damage.
• Do not touch the connector end or the ferrules, since this will leave an oily
deposit from your fingers.
• Do not allow uncapped connectors to drop on the floor.
88 SunLite GigE
How to Clean
Should a fiber need cleaning, use a fiber optic cleaning kit especially made for
cleaning optical connectors, and follow the directions.
Canned air can do more harm than good if not used properly. Again, follow the
directions that come with the kit.
Take care of your fiber. Always replace dust covers. Keep optical connectors clean
and make a practice of not looking into fiber ends.
6.4 Testing and Calibration Statement

VeEX certifies that this product was manufactured, tested, and verified according
to the applicable VeEX Incorporated manufacturing and test procedure(s). These
formal procedures are designed to assure that the product meets its required
specifications.
This product has no user-adjustable settings. During normal usage, periodic cali-
bration is not a requirement. However, if the product fails during the self-verification
test, during power up, the product can be returned to the manufacturer for evalu-
ation and repair.
GigE 89
6.5 Customer Service
General VeEX Customer Service is available from 7:30 AM to 5:30 PM Pacific
Standard Time (California, U.S.A.).
Customer Service performs the following functions:
• Answers customer questions over the phone on such topics as product opera-
tion and repair.
• Facilitates prompt repair of malfunctioning test sets.
• Provides information about product upgrades.
A Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) Number is required before any product
may be shipped to VeEX for repair. Out-of-warranty repairs require both an RMA
and a Purchase Order before the unit is returned. All repairs are warranted for 90
days.
Contact Customer Service at:
VeEX Incorporated
302 Enzo Drive
San Jose, CA 95138
U.S.A.
Tel: 1-800-701-5208
Fax: 1-408-363-8313
Internet: http://www.sunrisetelecom.com
E-mail: support@sunrisetelecom.com
VeEX offices are located around the world:
Americas
America: SUNRISE TELECOM INCORPORATED
302 Enzo Drive, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
E-mail: info@sunrisetelecom.com
http://www.sunrisetelecom.com/
Tel: 1-800-701-5208, 1-408-363-8000
Fax: 1-408-363-8313
Canada: SUNRISE TELECOM
10281 Renaude-Lapointe, Anjou, (QC) H1J 2T4, CANADA
E-mail: info@sunrisetelecom.com
Tel: 1-800-297-9726 , 1-514-725-6652
Fax: 1-514-725 5637
Latin America: SUNRISE TELECOM MEXICO
Calle Cerro de las Campanas #3, Of. 418, Col. San Andrés Atenco, 54040 Tlal-
nepantla, MEXICO
E-mail: info@sunrisetelecom.com.mx
Tel: 52 55 5370 2124
Fax: 52 55 5379 6540
90 SunLite GigE
Asia Pacific
China: SUNRISE TELECOM
Room 1503, Tower 3 , No.1, Xizhimenwai Street,Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044,
CHINA
E-mail: info@sunrisetelecom.cn
http://www.sunrisetelecom.com.cn
Tel: 86-10-5830-2220
Fax: 86-10-5830-2239
Japan: SUNRISE TELECOM
Aoyamakouei Bldg. 3F, 7-24, Kitaaoyama 2-Chome, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 107-0061,
JAPAN
E-mail: info@sunrisetelecom.jp
Tel: 81 3 5772 3403
Fax: 81 3 5770 4037
Korea: SUNRISE TELECOM
2Fl, Dusan Infracore B/D, 14-34, Yoido-Dong, Youngdungpo-Gu, Seoul, KOREA
150-010
E-mail: info@sunrisetelecom.k
Tel: 82 2 782 7165
Fax: 82 2 782 7166
Taiwan: SUNRISE TELECOM Company Limited
21, Wu Chuan 3rd Road, Wu-Ku Hsiang, Taipei County, 248, Taiwan, R.O.C.
E-mail: support@sunrisetelecom.com
Tel: 886 2 2298 2598
Fax: 886 2 2298 2575
Europe
France: SUNRISE TELECOM
3 RUE GALVANI, 91300 MASSY, FRANCE
Email: info@sunrisetelecom.fr
Tel: 33 (0) 1 69 93 89 90
Fax: 33 (0) 1 69 93 89 91
Germany: SUNRISE TELECOM
Buchenstraße 10, 72810 Gomaringen, GERMANY
E-mail: info@sunrisetelecom.de
Tel: 49 (0) 7072 9289 50
Fax: 49 (0) 7072 9289 55
Italy: SUNRISE TELECOM
Via Jacopo Peri, 41/c, 41100 Modena, ITALY
E-mail: info@sunrisetelecom.it
Tel: 39 059 403711
Fax: 39 059 403715
GigE 91
6.6 Express Limited Warranty
A. Hardware Coverage. COMPANY warrants hardware products against defects
in materials and workmanship. During the warranty period COMPANY will, at its
sole option, either (i) refund of CUSTOMER’S purchase price without interest, (ii)
repair said products, or (iii) replace hardware products which prove to be defective;
provided, however, that such products which COMPANY elects to replace must be
returned to COMPANY by CUSTOMER, along with acceptable evidence of
purchase, within twenty (20) days of request by COMPANY, freight prepaid.
B. Software and Firmware Coverage. COMPANY warrants software media and
firmware materials against defects in materials and workmanship. During the war-
ranty period COMPANY will, at its sole option, either (i) refund of CUSTOMER’S
purchase price without interest, (ii) repair said products, or (iii) replace software or
firmware products which prove to be defective; provided, however, that such
products which COMPANY elects to replace must be returned to COMPANY by
CUSTOMER, along with acceptable evidence of purchase, within twenty (20) days
of request by COMPANY, freight prepaid. In addition, during the warranty period,
COMPANY will provide, without charge to CUSTOMER, all fixes, patches, new
releases and updates which COMPANY issues during the warranty period. COM-
PANY does not warrant or represent that all software defects will be corrected. In
any case where COMPANY has licensed a software product “AS IS,” COMPANY’S
obligation will be limited to replacing an inaccurate copy of the original material.
C. Period. The warranty period for Hardware, Software and Firmware will be One (1)
Year from date of shipment to CUSTOMER. The COMPANY may also sell warranty
extensions or provide a warranty term of three years with the original sale, which
provide a longer coverage period for the test set chassis, software and firmware, in
which case the terms of the express limited warranty will apply to said specified
warranty term.
D. Only for CUSTOMER. COMPANY makes this warranty only for the benefit of
CUSTOMER and not for the benefit of any subsequent purchaser or licensee of
any merchandise.
E. LIMITATION ON WARRANTY. THIS CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND EXCLU-
SIVE WARRANTY MADE BY COMPANY WITH RESPECT TO HARDWARE, SOFT-
WARE AND FIRMWARE. THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. COMPANY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. COM-
PANY’S LIABILITY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WITH RESPECT TO A PRODUCT,
INCLUDING COMPANY’S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE AFTER REPEATED EF-
FORTS TO INSTALL EQUIPMENT IN GOOD WORKING ORDER OR TO REPAIR
OR REPLACE EQUIPMENT, SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED THE PURCHASE
PRICE OR LICENSE FEE FOR THAT PRODUCT, NOR SHALL COMPANY IN
ANY EVENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT,
OR SPECIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER, ARISING
FROM OR RELATED TO THE SALE OF THE MERCHANDISE HEREUNDER,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR RELATED
TO LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFIT, LOSS OF GOODWILL, INJURY TO
REPUTATION, OVERHEAD, DOWNTIME, REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT, OR
CHARGE-BACKS OR OTHER DEBITS FROM CUSTOMER OR ANY CUSTOMER
OF CUSTOMER.
92 SunLite GigE
F. No Guaranty, Nonapplication of Warranty. COMPANY does not guaranty or
warrant that the operation of hardware, software, or firmware will be uninterrupted
or error-free. Further, the warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from:
(1) Improper or inadequate maintenance by CUSTOMER;
(2) CUSTOMER-supplied software or interfacing;
(3) Unauthorized modification or misuse.
GigE 93
94 SunLite GigE
Index
Symbols Cautions; 10
12 V DC; 10 Laser; 2
Cleaning Optical Fiber; 88
A
Clock; 56
Applications; 63
Configuring VLAN Testing; 67 COM; 10
Layer 1 BERT; 63 Configuring VLAN Testing
Layer 2 BERT; 65 Applications; 67
Layer 3 BERT-Indirect Routing; 68 Connectors; 9, 10
Loopback; 72
Control Loopback Mode; 54
Ping Test; 73
RFC-2544 Testing; 70 Coupled; 30
ARP Customer Service; 89, 90
Loopback Mode; 52 D
MAC Destination retrieval; 22
Date; 56
Reference; 86
Scanning; 39 DHCP; 86
ARP Scanning; 39 DNS; 86
Autofill; 23, 25 E
Auto Test Error Inject Frames; 33
RFC-2544; 47 Error Injection
B BERT; 34
Back Side Features; 10 Ethernet Frames
Reference; 76
Back to Back Test; 46
Ethernet Overview
Battery; 13
Reference; 75
Battery Care and Storage; 10
Ethernet Standards and Resources
Battery Replacement; 10 Reference; 82
Beeper Mode; 56
F
BERT
IP; 21 Fiber Optic
IP Header Screen; 22 Connectors; 87
MAC; 17 Fiber Optic Cables; 9
MPLS; 20 Fiber Optic Transceivers; 9
Run Test; 32 Figures
VLAN; 19 01 SunLite GigE Screen View; 7
BERT Throughput Parameters; 17 02 F-keys and Screen Relationships; 8
BERT Throughput Screen F-keys 03 Fiber Optic Transceivers; 9
Shutdown and About; 14 04 Main Menu Screen; 13
Bit Error Count; 33 05 BERT Stream Tables; 15
06 Stream Configuration Screen; 16
Bit Error Ratio; 33
07 Soft Keyboard Data Entry; 16
C 08 Mac Configuration and MAC Auto Fill Screens;
Cable Length; 57 17
09 VLAN and VLAN Auto Fill Screens; 19
Calibration Statement; 89 10 MPLS and MPLS Auto Fill Screens; 20
Caution 11 IP Address and IP Header Screens; 21
Transceivers; 9 12 Type Of Service; 22
13 IP Auto Fill Screens; 23
GigE 95
14 TCP/UDP Ports and TCP Header Screens; 24 Frame Loss Test; 46
15 TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens; 26 Frame Size and Efficiency
16 Test Pattern Screen; 27 Reference; 79
17 Ramp Configuration; 28
Frame Type
18 Burst Configuration; 29
BERT; 18
19 Test Duration Screen; 30
20 Save File Screen; 31 Front Features; 8
21 Stream Profiles; 31 G
22 Statistics View Screens; 32
Gateway; 21
23 VLAN Tag; 33
24 Error Injection Configuration; 34 Gateways; 85
25 IP Configuration Screens; 35 H
26 Link Status Screens; 36–37
27 Ping Screens; 38 Handling Optical Fiber; 87
28 ARP Scan Screen; 39 I
29 Traceroute Screens; 40
ICMP and Ping
30 RFC-2544 Throughput Test Configuration; 42
Reference; 85
31 VLAN Header Screen; 43
32 User-defined Frame Sizes; 44 Icons
33 Throughput Test Screen with Fail Message; 44 Plug; 13
34 Throughput Test Results Screens; 45 Interface
35 Latency Test Results Screens; 47 Fiber or Electrical; 9
36 Auto Test Profile Selection; 47 Inter-Frame Delay Avg.; 33
36 Auto Test Profile Selection Screen; 47
Inter-Frame Delay Max.; 33
37 Loopback Filter Screens; 48–49
38 Loopback Filter Screens, 2 and 3; 49–50 Inter-Frame Delay Min.; 33
39 Manual Layer 1 Loopback Mode Screens; 52 Inter-Frame Delay Var.; 33
40 Manual Layer 2/3 Loopback Mode Screens; 53 Interframe Gap
41 Respond Loopback Mode Screens; 53 Reference; 78
42 Control Loopback Mode Screens; 54 Interpacket Gap; 78
43 Miscellaneous Setup Screen; 56–57
44 Flash Port Screens; 57 IP
45 Cable Test Screen; 57 BERT Config; 21
46 Optical Power Measurement Screen; 58 IP Autofill Screens
47 Upgrade Windows; 61 BERT Config; 23
48 Layer 1 BERT Connections; 63 IP Checksum Error; 33
49 Layer 2 BERT Setup; 65 IP Config; 35
50 Layer 3 BERT, Indirect Routing Setup; 68 IP Features; 35
51 RFC-2544 Testing Setups; 70
IP Configuration Screens
52 Loopback Mode Testing; 72
DHCP Mode; 35
53 Ping Testing; 73
Static Mode; 35
54 Ethernet Frame Format; 76
55 MAC Address Format; 77 IP Features; 35
56 IFG; 78 ARP Scanning; 39
57 VLAN Tag Details; 79 Ping; 38
58 Stacked VLAN Tags; 81 Trace Route; 40
59 MPLS Structure; 82 IP Header Screen
60 IP Packet; 84 BERT; 22
61 SC to LC Cord; 87 IP Overview
62 Duplex Multi-mode LC Connectors; 88 Reference; 84
Firmware Upgrade; 58 IP Packet; 84
Flash Port; 57
Frame Loss
BERT Statisitc; 33
96 SunLite GigE
K Multicast
Keypad Functions; 8 ALLOW or DROP; 49
Source IP Type and Source IP; 50
L Source MAC Type
Label Switched Path - LSP; 20 ANY, EQUAL, or NOT; 49
LASER Source Port Type and Source Port; 50
Caution; 2 VLAN ID; 50
VLAN Identifier
Latency Test; 46
0x8100, 0x9100, or 0x9200; 50
Layer 1 BERT VLAN Mode
Applications; 63 ANY, EQUAL, or NOT; 50
Layer 2 BERT; 65 VLAN Priority; 50
Layer 3 BERT-Indirect Routing Loopback Mode; 52
Applications; 68 Loopback Mode Screens
LEDs; 8 Control; 54
Link Control Screen; 37 Format
Layer 1 or Layer 2/3; 53
Link Status; 36
IP ADDR; 53
IP Features; 36
Manual; 52
Link Status Screen Mode
10F; 36 Manual or Respond; 52
10H; 36 Respond; 53
100F; 36
100H; 36 M
1000F; 36 MAC; 17
1000H; 36 MAC Address
Auto Nego.; 36 Reference; 77
Auto Negotiate; 36
Duplex; 36 MAC Destination retrieval
Flow Control; 36 ARP; 22
Link; 36 MAC Dest. Type; 49
Link Quality; 36 MAC Source Type
Speed; 36 Filter; 49
Loopback; 48 MAC Src. and Dest MAC; 18
Loopback Filter; 48 Make a selection; 13
Loopback Mode; 52
MBZ; 22
Loopback Filter Screens
Measurement Setup; 30
Broadcast
ALLOW or DROP; 48 Miscellaneous Setup; 56
Data Pattern; 51 Miscellaneous Setup Screen
Data Pattern Length; 51 Beeper Mode; 56
Data Pattern Offset; 51 HH:MM:SS; 56
Data Pattern Type; 50 MM:DD:YY; 56
Dest. IP Type and Dest. IP; 50 Screen Saving (Min); 56
Dest. MAC Type Shutdown Time (Min); 56
ANY, EQUAL, or NOT; 49 Misc Setup; 56
Dest Port Type and Dest Port; 50
MPLS; 20
IP Mode
Reference; 82
ANY, IP Only, TCP/IP Only, or UDP/IP Only; 50
Keep Alive
ALLOW or DROP; 48
Loopback Filter
Enable or Disable; 48
GigE 97
O User-Defined Frame Size; 44
Off RFC-2544 Test Configurations
Switch; 10 Application; 70
Offices; 90–91 RFC-2544 Testing
Operation and Menus; 13 Applications; 70
Optical Fiber Right Side Connectors; 10
Servicing; 87 RJ45 Port; 9
Optical Line Encoding Routers; 85
Reference; 76 Run Test
Optical Power; 58 BERT; 32
Optical Power Measurement Screen S
Rx Power, Tx Power, Laser Bias Current, Supply
Save Profile; 30, 31
Voltage, and Temperature; 58
Screen Saving(Min); 56
P Service Information; 87
Pattern; 26 Handling Optical Fiber; 87
Payload; 26 Set key
PC Software Package; 59 IP Mode; 35
Ping; 38 SFP Port; 9
Ping Result Screen Shutdown Timer(Min; 56
Bytes; 38 Specifications; 6
Maximum, Minimum, and Average round trip; 38
Standards
No.; 38
Ethernet; 75
Time; 38
TTL; 38 Start TX Coupled; 30
Ping Setup Screen Statistics View-Aggregate Screens; 32
Frame Size (Bytes); 38 Statistics View Screens
Profile Number; 38 Alignment Error; 33
Remote IP Address; 38 Broadcast; 33
Repeat Count; 38 Collisions; 33
Timeout (100 ms); 38 Dribble Error; 33
Port Autofill Screens; 25 FCS Error; 33
Multicast; 33
Profile
Oversized; 33
Save; 30
Rx Bandwidth; 32
R Rx fps; 32
Rx Frames; 32
Reference; 75
Rx Line Rate; 32
Ethernet Overview; 75
Rx Pause frame; 33
Optical Line Encoding; 76
Rx Utilization (%); 32
Report; 14 Tx Bandwidth; 33
Respond Loopback Mode; 53 Tx fps; 32
Results Tx Frames; 32
RFC 2544 Throughput Test; 44 Tx Line Rate; 33
RFC-1242; 46 Tx Utilization (%); 33
Undersized; 33
RFC1349; 22 Unicast; 33
RFC2474; 22 VLAN; 33
RFC-2544; 41 Stream Configuration; 16
Auto Test; 47 BERT; 16
Testing Overviews; 71 Stream Profiles; 31
Throughput Test; 42
Subnet Mask; 22
98 SunLite GigE
T V
Table VLAN; 19
1 SunLite GigE Specifications; 6 VLAN Tagging
2 Fiber Optic Cables; 9 Reference; 79
3 Protocols; 23
VLAN Tags
4 10/100/1000M Ethernet Frame Length
Stacked; 81
Options; 28
5 Common Ethernet Standards; 75 W
6 Sample MAC Addresses; 78 Warning
7 Minimum IFG; 78 Proper use of equipment; 2
8 Ethernet Frame Rates; 79
Warnings; 2, 10
9 User Priority; 80
Warranty; 9, 92
TCP
Reference; 84
TCP Header; 25
TCP/UDP
BERT Config; 24
TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens; 25
Test Duration; 30
Test Pattern; 26
Throughput Test
Back to Back Test; 46
Frame Loss Test; 46
Latency Test; 46
RFC-2544; 42
Time of day; 56
Top Connectors; 9
Traceroute Result Screen
Host Name; 40
IP; 40
No.; 40
Traceroute Setup Screen
Hop Limit; 40
Remote IP Address; 40
Timeout (100 ms); 40
Trace Route Test
Start; 40
Traffic Shape; 28
Transceiver
Replace; 9
Transceivers
Inserting/Removing; 9
TTL
IP Header; 23
Type of Service:; 22
Type Of Service; 22
U
USB port; 10, 14
Utility; 56
GigE 99
100 SunLite GigE

Sunlite GigE2 User Manual

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Warning!

End of Life Recycling and Disposal Information

EC Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

© 2014 VeEX Incorporated. All rights reserved.

2 Physical Description ...................................................................................................... 7

3 Operation and Menus ................................................................................................... 13

4 PC Software Package ................................................................................................... 59

1.1 Overview of Functions

1.2 Important Safeguards and Precautions

1.3 SunLite GigE Package Contents

Table 1 SunLite GigE Specifications

RJ45 and SFP

Shutdown About Profile Report

Figure 1 SunLite GigE Screen View

2.1.1 Keypad Functions

Figure 2 F-Keys and Screen Rela-

2.4 Back Side Features

2.4.1 Battery Replacement

2.4.2 Battery Care and Storage

Extended Battery Storage

Figure 4 Main Menu Screen

Make selections using , , , . Once you make a selection, press .

BERT Throughput Screen F-Keys

3.1.1 BERT Configuration

Stream Table Stream Table Stream Table

Stream Table Stream Table Stream Table

Stream Table Stream Table Stream Table

Figure 5 BERT Stream Tables

Stream Table F-Keys

Figure 6 Stream Configuration

Figure 7 Soft Keyboard Data Entry

Mac Configuration Source MAC Autofill

+10 Swap Auto Fill OK On/Off Swap Apply

Figure 8 Mac Configuration and MAC Auto Fill Screens

MAC Src. and MAC Dst.

VLAN VLAN 1 Autofill

On/Off Auto Fill OK On/Off Apply

Figure 9 VLAN and VLAN Auto Fill Screens

MPLS MPLS 1 Autofill

Auto Fill OK On/Off Apply

Figure 10 MPLS and MPLS Auto Fill Screens

Figure 11 IP Address and IP Header Screens

In the IP Address screen configure:

based on the TOS (RFC 1349) or Bit 0~5(DSCP) 000000

In the Type of Service screen set the Set OK

Source IP Autofill Dest. IP Autofill

On/Off Apply On/Off Apply

Figure 13 IP Auto Fill Screens

TCP/UDP Ports TCP Header

Header On/Off OK On/Off OK

Figure 14 TCP/UDP Ports and TCP Header Screens

TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens

On/Off Apply On/Off Apply

Figure 15 TCP/UDP Port Auto Fill Screens

screen, shown in Figure 17. Sequence Number

Invert Pattern: Press On/Off to trans- Time Stamp:

mit the selected test pattern inverted. Test Pattern: User

enable. Figure 16 Test Pattern Screen

Traffic Shape: Set the traffic shape.

(BETWEEN 0-100%), WITH INCRE- Duration: Seconds

4O CONFIGURE THE 2AMP OPTIONS,

(FROM 0-100%) FOR $URATION #1 10 s Bandwidth #2: 0 % Duration

- Bandwidth #1: Enter 0-100%; default is 100%

3.1.1.2.1 Measurement Setup