Shells

Design a cylindrical shell with edge beam for the following data:
a. Chord Length = 13m
b. Span = 30m
c. Semi central Angle = 40o
d. Live Load = 1KN/m²
e. Grade of Materials = M-20 & Fe 415

Cylindrical Shell
Solution:
1. Dimension of shell:
a. Thickness of shell (t) (80mm to 120mm)
Assume t = 100mm.
b. Rise of shell (h) (1/5 to 1/6 B)
h = 1/5 to 1/6 B
= 1/5 x 13 to 1/6 x13
=2.6m to 2.17m
Say h =2.5m
c. Radius of shell (R)
Sin ø = (B/2) / R
 Sin 40 = (13/2) / R
R = 10.11m
d. Width of edge beam (b):
b = 2 x thickness of shell (t)
=2xt
= 2 x 100
b = 200mm
e. Depth of edge beam (D)
D = 70mm per m of span
D = 70 x 30
D = 2100mm
2. Edge Beam Reinforcement:
Assume 3% to 4% of gross cross sectional area of beam
Here assuming 3.5%
Ast = 3.5/100x bx D
= 3.5/100 x 200x2100
= 14700mm²
Assuming 24 No of Bars
Area of one bar = Ast / a1
= 14700/24
= 612.5 mm²
Hence dia of bar = 27.9mm say 28mm
Provide 28mm dia 24No. of bars i.e. 12 bars in each row

Here effective cover,

d’ = 6x28+6.5x28 = 350mm
Effective depth of beam d = 2100-350 = 1750 mm

Section of beam
 3. Location of N.A.
Using equation of cylindrical shell equation of N.A. for α.

𝑚. 𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑
[𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∝ −∝ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝] = [𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ −𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ + ]
2. 𝑅. 𝑡 𝑅
Where m is modular ratio = 280/3.σcbc
Solving the above equation using trial and error method and calculate value of α

α= 25.9o….(by trial and error method)

4. Moment of Inertia about N.A.
∝ 𝟑 𝒅 𝟐
I N.A.= 𝟐𝑹𝟑 𝒕 [ 𝟐 − 𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 ∝ +∝ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 ∝] + 𝒎. 𝒂𝒔𝒕𝑹𝟐 [𝒄𝒐𝒔 ∝ −𝒄𝒐𝒔∅ + 𝒓 ]

Calculate moment of inertia about NA using above equation,

I N.A. = 2.33x1012 mm4
5. Loading
a. Dead Load = t x 25 = 0.1 x 25 = 2.5KN/m²
b. Live Load = given = 1 KN/m²
c. Floor Finish = 0.5KN/m²
Total = w = 4 KN/m²
d. Load per meter length of beam = w .2.R.ø
= 56.5 KN/m
e. Self weight of beam = b.D γ
= 10.5 KN/m
 f. Weight of filled material in valley portion
= 10% of wt. of beam
= 10% of 10.5
=1 KN/m
Total load on beam= w = 68 KN/m
6. Maximum Bending Moment (M):
M = w.l² / 8
= 7650 KN/m
7. Maximum Shear Force ( V )
V = w.l/2
V = 1020 KN
8. Check for Stresses:

yc = R-Rcos α +t
yc = 1.11m
yt = Rcos α-Rcos ø + d
yt = 3.00m
Now using equation of bending,
M fc
=
I yc
fc = 3.64 N/mm² < 7.0 N/mm² (σcbc)
Hence o.k.
Now using stress diagram, and similarity of tringle,
σst = 131.26 N/mm² < 230N/mm² (σst)
Hence o.k.

9. Design of reinforcement of shell:

a. Shear stress in shell (ζv )
V.a.y
ζv = I..b

where, a.y = moment of equivalent area of steel about N.A.

a.y = m . ast . yt
= 591.56 x106 mm³
ζv = 1.29 N/mm²
Try 10mm dia bars
Spacing, Sv =
fst . Asv √2.
b. ζv
Sv = 100mm c/c
b. Distribution steel
Provide minimum steel,
Provide 8mm dia @ 300mm c/c.

10. Reinforcement Details: