0580 IGCSE Mathematics Extended: Useful Formulae

Quadratic Formula
−b ± √❑
x=
❑

Cosine Rule
Missing sides Missing angles
b + c −a 2
2 2
a 2=b2 +c 2−2 bccosA cosA =
2bc

Sine Rule
Missing sides Missing angles
a b c sinA sinB sinC
= = = =
sinA sinB sinC a b c

Area of a triangle
1
Area= absinC
2

SOH CAH TOA

O A O
sinx= cosx= tanx =
H H A

Pythagoras’ theorem
c 2=a2+ ¿❑ b2 ¿

Speed, distance time Mass, density, volume Force, area, pressure

Area:
Rectangle, square Triangle
 1
A=lw A= bh
2

Trapezium Parallelogram
1
A= (a+ b)h A=bh
2
h must be the perpendicular height

Sector of a circle
x
A= × π r 2❑
360

Perimeter
Arc length of a circle
x
Arclength= ×2 π r ❑
360

Volume:
Cube, cuboid Prism
V =lwh V = Area of cross section × length

Cylinder Pyramid
1
V =π r 2 h V = × area of cross section × length
3

Cone Sphere
1 4
V = π r2 h V = π r 3 ❑❑
3 3

Surface area:
For most shapes find the area of each face and add together
For these you may find the formulae useful to learn:

Cylinder Sphere
2
A=2 π r +2 π rh A=4 π r 2

Cone
A=π r ¿
Compound interest formula
r n ❑❑
New amount=P(1+ )❑
100
The same formula can be used for percentage decrease, just subtract instead of add!

Gradient of a straight line

y 2− y 1
m=
x 2−x 1

Mean from a frequency table

Σ fx
x=
Σf
For a grouped frequency table remember that x is the midpoint of the group

Differentiation
❑
dy
if y =a x n then =na x n−1
dx

Magnitude of a vector
magnitude= √❑