Sunteți pe pagina 1din 15

BROADCAST MEDIA 6. Be original.

Have your won style of


delivery. Do not attempt to imitate the
Broadcasting talking style of your favorite radio
Broadcasting is sending or transmitting announcer.
(music, newscast, and the like) by radio or
television. It is the process of transmitting a
program by radio (Webster). At the Radio Station

After you have rehearsed your script,


timed your delivery and marked your script with
Radio Broadcasting signs for easy reading, you are now ready for
RADIO BROADCASTING is the your newscasting. Now you are “on the air.”
transmission by radio waves of entertainment, 1. Relax. No mental or psychological
information, and other materials intended for block.
general public reception by an unlimited number 2. Arrange the pages of your script loosely
of receivers, or listeners. (New Standard so that each page will slip easily over
Encyclopedia) the other.
3. Talk as you read. Speak with authority,
confidence and vigor.
Newscasting or Reading Radio Script 4. Converse with your listener
enthusiastically. It does not matter who
Radio listeners are not provided with
wrote or prepared the script.
visual cues to help them internalize your
5. Talk fluently with correct phrasing
message. Because of this, read your news
making sentences flow into interesting
script with a moderate rate. Don’t rush your
speech.
words and sentences until you are out of breath.
6. Do not fix your eyes on the teleprompter
However, don’t allow your talk to drug resulting
or telecuer if you are using one. Read
in long pauses. In radio, listeners take long
as if you have memorized the script.
pauses as silence, a questionable gap that is
7. Converse with your audience. Keep the
not very helpful in understanding a meaning.
tone of your voice alive and dynamic.
8. Observe correct pausing. Pause at the
right places and time.
Things to Remember in Newscasting: 9. Avoid regionalist pronunciation. But
don’t talk like an American and be over-
1. Pauses must be used sparingly and in
acting unless you have been trained as
shorter duration so as not to distort the
one. Do not say fresh for fish or mating
message.
for meeting.
2. Make up for lack of visual assistance by
10. Talk to express, not to impress.
making full use of your voice. Use
variety of voice qualities, rate, and pitch.
Have a command of vocal expression
that can out across ideas, sentiments, Tips on Using the Microphone
and feelings very effectively to your
In you are a beginner, study the best
listeners.
microphone distance. Avoid touching the mike
3. If you are a beginning broadcaster,
with head or mouth.
make proper preparation before going in
the air. Practice reading your script or 1. Two inches or a foot away from the
prepare your outline well before hand microphone can be relatively effective.
until you become familiar with your When speaking before enlarge
topic. This may give you the chance to audience, back away from the mike and
adlib if needed. speak loudly.
4. Make your reading sound like a talk. 2. To sound very personal, come closer to
Use a normal conversational manner. the mike and speak slowly.
5. In developing your own speaking style, 3. To make your voice fade in or out of the
avoid a monotonous recital, an artificial scene, talk and walk at the same time.
over-emphasis of a “stage” inflection.
To fade in, walk toward the mike; to explain the word or words to convey
fade out, walk away from it. your meaning.
4. Aim your voice not to the center of the
mike but slightly to one side when 2. Use a more restricted vocabulary than
speaking. what is usually found in print copy.
5. Breathe quietly. Put normal pressure on
the sound of p, b, t, k, and g. They Choose words that are readily
sound quite loud on the mike. Check understood. The reader may get at
and be sure of the pronunciation of
once the meaning of words which will
unfamiliar words in your script.
6. Speak fast before a large audience
be lost completely if presented
somewhere between 135-175 words per naturally;
minute.
7. Limit body movement because you
Poor: A period of favorable
have to maintain a fixed distance from weather set in.
the microphone.
Better: It rained every day a
8. Your listeners do not see you; however,
feel free to use gesture or facial week.
expressions that will help you sustain
Poor: He was greatly elated
that informal conversational style. Your
bodily movement will make you feel as he received the gold
relaxed. medal for having been
9. Practice reading your script until you proclaimed the
appear to be talking rather than reading. topnotcher of Class
Your voice and your language must 2007.
carry your message effectively.
10. Be ready to fill time allotment. Get ready Better: He smiled as he received the
with enough materials to supplement gold medal for being
your report just in case you need them.
class valedictorian.
To avoid running overtime, mark
materials on your script which would be
cut off if you are short of time. Although Avoid Use Avoid Use
the script may be prepared by a team of
writer you may revise or correct it as the Summon call Passed died
need arises, because you are in
command at the moment.
Terminate end Commence begin

Endeavor try Utilize use


Characteristics of Radio Broadcast Style
Venture try Intoxicated drunk
In contrast to the Print Writing Style,
Radio Broadcasting Writing Style is more sick Awar
informal and sounds more spontaneous, than Indisposed Cognizant
, ill e
the style round in most printed matter.
Therefore, prepare a copy that sounds so much
like spontaneous speech as possible.
3. Use descriptive, connotative, and
1. Use language correctly. forceful words.
Watch your grammar. Be
The use of descriptive words is
accurate and precise in your choice of
words. Use words which you think your important in writing radio copy
listeners are familiar with. There are inasmuch as there is no visual
times when you can’t avoid the use of accompaniment to the sound. Well-
technical terms. Use them but define or chosen descriptive words and phrases
help the listener build a mental picture
of the setting or a dramatic scene of an be used in broadcast copy. It is more
event. natural, more spontaneous and more
informal to say didn’t instead of did not
Short forceful words are
or we’ll instead of we will. As explained,
generally better than less emphatic
do not use contraction when you want
ones.
emphasis.
Poor: I demand that you
6. Use personal pronouns extensively.
surrender that volume.
The use of the first (I, we) and
Better: Give me the book.
second (You) person pronouns make
Poor: He feels felicity in his the copy sound more personal, more
heart. informal and more conversational than
if the writer uses just nouns or third
Better: He is happy. (she, he, it, they) person pronouns. But
4. Use the active voice. be sure that the antecedent of the
pronoun is clear.
The active voice (the subjects
performs the action) is more dynamic e.g., My children have many toys, so I
and more forceful. It makes a gave them away.
commercial or news story seem more (Whom did you give away, your
alive. The passive voice requires more children or the toys?)
words.
7. Use simple sentences.
Poor: Food, medicine and
clothes were brought One problem in long and
by local student leaders compound or complex sentences
to the flood victims in concerns misplaced modifiers which
Central Luzon. confuse the listeners.

Better: Local student leaders Confusing: The suspect shot the


brought food, man standing in front of the City Hall with a red
medicine and clothes hat.
to the flood victims in
Clear: The suspect shot the
Central Luzon.
man with a red hat
However, when the doer is unknown or who was standing in
not prominent, the front of the City Hall.
passive verb may be
8. Make us of transition words and vocal
used.
cues.
e.g., RP’s lost image regained
In print media, we use
(Headline)
punctuation marks as visual cues to
Food production drive indicate structure and emphasis. Italics
intensifies (Headline) and boldface types are used to make
certain words and ideas stand out from
5. Use contraction. the other.
Contraction are frequently and In broadcasting media, the
naturally used in normal listener is led through the structure or
conversation. They should also the material by three types of cues:
transition, words, vocal inflections and Better: PGH director allays flu
pauses. Example of transition words fear in Manila.
are: now, next, still, finally, then, when;
11. Avoid the use of homophones.
yesterday, today, last week are also
used. They are helpful in constructing a Homophones are words that
news story in which clear chronology of sound alike but have different
events is needed in order to meanings. They are easily understood
understand the story. when read, but not when heard.
Examples of these are stationary and
Important words or phrases
stationery; break and brake; council and
intended to be stressed should be
counsel; already and all ready. Do not
enclosed in quotation marks or should
use them in the same sentence.
be underlined. These words should be
given some special inflection when read e.g., The Torres batters made two too
by the announcer. many runs to the home team. Without
that error, the Arellano hitters would
9. Read or speak with moderate rate
have lost two to one.
(speed pace) within the listeners’ ability
to understand. 12. Avoid redundancies, double speak and
clichés.
Too many ideas presented very
fast will become a jumble to the Redundancy is the use of words
listeners. Too slow presentation for the same ideas like repeat and
become boring. One reason why the again, the two twins, and the other
announcer reads very fast is due to the alternative.
fact that much information has been
packed up in one paragraph for the Double speak is language that
newscaster to read within a specified pretends to communicate but really
time. This can be solved by: doesn’t. It is a language that make the
bad seem good, the negative appears
a. Reducing the content, including positive and the unpleasant appears
only the most important facts attractive.
within a news story.
b. Limiting the number of Examples of double speak:
persuasive concepts in a There are no more potholes in
commercial. Manila, only pavement deficiencies.
c. Spacing out those ideas which
are presented before being hit She is not a housegirl, she’s a
with the next one. domestic helper.

Clichés are trite, stereotyped


10. Avoid negative construction. expressions, a sentence or phrase
Negative statements are usually expressing a popular or
obstacles to clarify; they are less common thought or idea that has lost
descriptive and provide less originality, ingenuity and impact by long
information. overuse such as it’s now or never,
selling like hotcakes, chasing rainbows,
Poor: Flu epidemic is not and at this point in time.
rampant in Manila.
Television Broadcasting
To begin with, the broadcast media a very fast speaking rate and a very
speaker must be aware of the basic difference positive assertiveness.
between radio and television. Radio is entirely 5. Your delivery should be somewhat
aural (sound), TV is bot aural and visual. In softer than radio speaking but it should
radio, the listener only hears the words spoken; remain more enthusiastic, animated
in television, the listener not only hears the and conversational.
words spoken but also sees the speaker. 6. Keep your voice reasonably animated
within conversational limit as you are
In radio broadcast, music and other
“a guest in the homes of your viewers.”
sounds enhance the ideas presented. Sound
effects are used; for example, the tick-tacking
of clock to indicate the passage of time, the
Before the Camera
sound of a door opening and closing, and the
like. 1. Clothes, personal appearance, posture
and poise and gesture and body
In television, the addition of the
language are useful in television.
camera, results in even more realism. It can
2. Before facing the camera, find out
show waves breaking on the crags, or a group
ahead of time where you are going to
of student activist fighting the police. Basically
stand or sit if an actual audience is
however, the words of radio and television
present in the studio; how far you may
broadcasters can be the same.
safely move without getting beyond
In radio, speech has to be spontaneous focal depth or angle of the camera or
as in newscasts. It requires no preparation, and outside the lighted area.
material can be secured by phone or in person. 3. Arrange for special makeup to make
Meaning is received by ear. you appear natural.
4. Choose clothes for pattern and color to
Television is bimodal. Meaning is
give life to your image without creating
received not only by ear, but by eyes as well.
a bizarre effect.
Thus, the message is supplemented by gesture
5. Tone down your jewelry or accessories.
and facial expressions.
Too shiny objects (even beads of
perspiration on the face) may glitter in
the bright light.
Television Speech Tips on TV Broadcasting 6. Focus on an imaginary person. Talk to
As you begin your telecast, your him. Do not be conscious of the
viewers hear your message and see you microphone since this will be overhead,
together with all the visual cues. on your lapel or hidden.
7. Appear warm, pleasant and cordial.
1. Speak slower and pause for emphasis. Avoid gazing or concentrating on the
Transition is longer in radio speaking. camera. Think of yourself conversing
2. Avoid long pauses and slow rate or you with two or three persons.
may lose or distort the meaning of 8. Be lively, spontaneous and enthusiastic.
what is being said. Above all, know what you are going to
3. Avoid over-emphatic vocal delivery and say.
“high pressure” vocalizing for this will 9. Talk to the audience, not to the camera
mark your television image. if you are speaking to a live audience (in
4. Use a variety of voice qualities, rate the studio).
pitch, but avoid an overly excited tone, 10. Use enough movements and gestures
to keep the presentation alive but do
not overact before the camera. You will Dry-run: rehearsals before
look amusing rather than impressive, if camera rehearsals
you do. If you are speaking without a where sets, dialogs,
studio audience, think of yourself in the speeches and other
living room of your listener with one or needs are perfected.
two guests. Fade-in: gradual increase in
11. You may stand up to speak, especially if volume of music,
sound or speech
you have something to point out if you
Fade-out: gradual decrease
are seated behind a table, at a desk or
Fan: to turn the camera
an easy chair. Hence, be natural; easy
left or right
and informal in your movements, but in Playback: playing record or tape
animated conversation. for audition purposes
12. Avoid stiff sitting position. Change your Remote: a program set outside
position frequently in order to lend of the studio
variety to the view. Use your hands to originating from a far
emphasize and clarify your point. place
13. You may lean forward or move your Setup: arrangement of mic,
head to identify transitions nut your sound, music, and
gesture must be very moderate using other needs in the
hand and forearm movement. studio
14. Avoid declamatory gesture. Look at the Tape: any of the titles used
camera frequently but don’t glare at it in a program or movie
film, cards, slides
continuously if you want to give
Transition: music, sound, silence,
impressions of direct eye contact with
or a combination of
your listeners. Look away slightly then
these which change
look back again. the mood or direction
15. Talk, don’t read. Do not depend so of the program
much on your manuscript or notes. If
you must read your notes, look at the
camera frequently. Signals Used in Practice Broadcast

Cue: director flicks index


finger, arm stretched
Radio and TV Terms out at performer
signaling that he is
Be familiar with some radio and TV terms:
about to start
Across the Board: on the air every day, speaking, playing a
same time song or doing sound
Ad Lib: speaking line not in effects.
script, speaking Cut: index finger drawn
without a script across throat as if
Boom: long metal arm for cutting it.
hanging a microphone Faster: index finger extended
Bridge: music or sound used and whole hand
in transition drawing imaginary
Commercial: a sponsored program circles on air.
or paid Louder: lifting both hands.
announcement Palms upward twice
CU: close-up shot OK: thumbs and first
finger form circle,
indicating everything
fine.
Radio Scriptwriting
Slowdown: draw hands apart
slowly as if puling
Radio Script are primarily for the ears, as
imaginary rubber newspapers are for the years. In newspapers,
band the reader can scan the whole sentence at a
Stand by: arm extended upward glance. A radio listener can take only one word
with palm open to let after the other. Unlike in the newspaper he
participations know cannot go back to recheck the facts. To get
program is about to complete of what he has heard, a radio listener
begin. has to wait until the end of the sentence.
Station Break: Actions with clenched
fist as through
Guidelines in writing Radio Script of
breaking a block of
Newscasting
bricks.
Time Signals: one minute, one 1.Like in a staright news writing, write to express
finger extended; two not to improve. Use only the spoken words of
minutes, two fingers everyday speech which Mr. Average Listener
and so on. Index can understand.
finger of one hand 2. Adress the entire script to a wide variety of
across index finger of audience. Bear in mind that you listeners are
other hand means composed of scattered ad heterogenous group.
one-half minute. Your appeal therefore should be broad in scope.
3. Use traditional devices such as however,
meanwhile, on the other hand, and the like in
sequencing your report.
4. Write clearly using the one idea, one
SCRIPTWRITING paragraph style. Stress all important points in
Script is mass communication, script is a prepared every paragraph.
copy for radio, television, and threatrical and video
performance. 5. Make your sentences clear and readonably
short, nut avoid choppy sentences. The average
Basic Steps in Scriptwriting sentence length just like in writing a straight
news report is from 15 to 25 words. Paragraphs
1.All copy is typed or computerized and printed. Keep
copy neat without strikeover or deletions. Minor should also be comparatively short.
corrections may be added in pencil if necessary. But 6. Plan the script to fill the allotted time.
bear in mind that penciled changes will lead to
misread copy. 7.There is no prescribed rate for radio
newscasting; however,250 words per
2.Use standard 8 ½ by 11 inch paper. Use paper. minute is all right
Use paper that doesn’t rattle when news is read in 1. Avoid slang, technical terms and vulgar
front of live microphone.
expressions.
3. Use only one side of the paper.
2. Organize your script in an a-b-c logical
4. most scripts will require multiple copies. Make sure
sufficient copies are available for all who will need order.
one. 3. Observe the essential elements of unity,
5. There are no universally accepted standards for coherence, emphasis, clarity and
the headings to be placed on. Among the materials brevity.
that appear in the heading are series title, program
title, number of the program series, writer’s time of Principles in Writing Radio Scripts
broadcast, cast list, music list. This material may be 1.Radio script is intended to be spoken. A radio
at the top of the script. If a separate title page is used,
program is not a creative literary piece. It is
only a brief identifying title head appears in
ORAL. The broadcast style should be natural,
subsequent pages.
not affected.
cramming all your simple, declarative
e.g., Avoid: His elucidation is beyond sentences. Refrain from cramming all your facts
comprehension. in one sentence. If possible spilt long sentences
into two or three short sentences.
Say: His explanation is not clear.
5.Radio news is primarily sound. Link the news
Contractions which are usually used in writer and the listener. Use concrete, not
conversation like It’s, aren’t, they’re, won’t and abstract words. Be precise.
he’s can be used in broadcasting. However,
avoid contractions if you want to emphasize the e.g., Avoid: A vehicle met an accident in the
point. highway

e.g., Weak: The principal said that vandalism Say: A passenger jeep with Plate Number XL
won’t be tolerated on campus. 404 collided with a dump truck on Mc Arthur
Highways when the driver tried to avoid
Strong: The principal said that vandalism will running over a cow that suddenly crossed
not be tolerated on campus the street.

General Guidelines in Preparing a Radio


1.Timeliness or immediacy is one important Copy
element of news. News casting is NOW news. It
is reported right away; therefore it should be I 1.It must be typewritten in double or triple space
present or present progressive tense. on one side of the paper only.

e.g., The school Superintendent this morning 2.Every sentence should be a paragraph it itself.
issued a memorandum banning the wearing of
earings by all male students and teachers. 3.Word should not be split at the end of the line.

Or Others Features of News Copy for Radio

The DepEd Secretary says that the recently 1. Date when the report was written usually
held National School Press Conference was placed at the right hand corner of the copy.
successful.
2.Slug line Sometimes called catch line. This is
a one or two=word topic. DO not use generic or
3.Newscasting is an interpersonal affair abstract words. Do not say; convention say,
between the newscaster and the audience. IN National School Press Conference. Instead of
news programs the style may be a little formal accident write for example plane crash.
but not as rigid as in the newspaper. Avoid
oratory. The script is for informal conversation 3.Time – Write the time when the news should
talk. be announced. This is placed after the slug line.

e.g., Avoid: The Department of Education in


coordination with other offices its wings has Example of a News Copy for Radio:
started streamlining its regulatory powers over
preschools. 8-6-2008
DepEd War
Say: The DepEd today has now made it vs. Corruption
easier for the Basic Education Department to 7:00 p.m.
regulate its powers over pre-schools.
DepEd Secretary Jesli Lapus said that
4.Radio news is heard just once. Once heard its the Department will pursue its two major
gone and the listener has no means of referring projects as provided for DepEd Order 51 2008.
back: To save the listener therefore from the
trouble of interpreting what he has heard, use
simple, declarative sentences. Refrain from
These are the Third Elementary Project Cue in: Senator Kiko Pangilinan…….
and the Second Secondary Education
Development Project. Cue out: “and those found guilty will be dealt
with accordingly.
This is to pursue the Development
program for quality basis education, President Duration: 45 second
Gloria M. Arroyo said in a statement.
Baun DepEd Cruz 50-78-24
The two projects will focus on selected
urban slums on 19 priority provinces to be
identified under the Social Reform Agenda, and
on six addition provinces of the President
Commission to fight Poverty.

Initially the Elemetary Education Television Scriptwriting


Development Project and the Secondary
Education Development Projects will be tried in Writing for television is far more
the Cordillera Administrative Regions. complicated than writing for radio. The TV
script contains the complete message written
Garcia DepED/Cruz 55078805
down in a narrative manuscript that has to be
read and followed strictly especially in studio
Copy with an Audio Insert broadcast. TV script are written by men and
women in the radio and television stations,
Some News contain taped interviews or who are trained especially for the script writing
taped reports assigned to regular beats. These chores.
make the newscast more credible and timely.
Although TV script writing is not strictly
required f a broadcaster, you may want to write
your own as your broadcast job catches on.
8-6-2008\DepEd War
Vs. Corruption
7:00 P.M
Things to Remember in TV Script Writing
DepED Secretary Jesli LApus has
vowed to rid the Education Department of graft 1. Address the entire script to a wide
and corruption. She made the statement in variety of audience. Your viewers are
reaction to a news release which placed DepED composed of a heterogenous group.
as one of the four government agencies that is
2. Win your viewer’s interest right away
graft-ridden. His statement:
with attention-getting lead paragraph.
Cue in: “I admit the presence of unscrupulous 3. Write simply, expressing your ideas in
persons in the Department who want to enrich direct, concrete, brief and clean
themselves through dishonesty…. manner, putting a little element of
suspense where needed.
Cue out: “….I have already established
4. Make all main points stand out.
measures to curb it.”
5. Choose sequence signals properly and
Duration: 1 minute use transitions effectively.
6. Develop the script into an informal
conversational style as if addressing a
At the senate the Chairman of Education called small group rather than a large
the press release unfortunate. One Senate
audience.
Reporter, Jun Bautista has made this report:
7. Make your sentences clear and 11. At the end of the script, include
reasonably short. However, avoid materials that can be added or cut as
choppy sentences. the actual speaking time allows.
8. Plan the script to fit the time limit.
9. Limit consonants with hissing sounds
such as (s) and (z) which are magnified Voice Over Narration
in the microphone.
10. Avoid technical expressions as much as A Voice-Over (VO) is a narration that
possible. To avoid confusion, arrange will accompany the visuals. This underlying
your script into an orderly a-b-c logical principles in this kind of writing is that the
method. words and the picture must work together to
tell the story. Here you also need an element of
precision. The running time of the picture story
will limit the number of words that can be fitted
into that time.
Tips on Writing TV News Copy

1. Type into the video column each scene


Drafting the TV Script
in the videotape and its running time
into the video column on the same line If you were to draft the TV script
of the text where it occurs (on the yourself, here are some useful pointers to
screen) and matches the narration. consider:
2. Do not overwrite the text. When read,
the maximum is three words per 1. Observe unity, coherence, and
second. The adjustment is downward as emphasis in the whole script.
the situation dictates. 2. Read a finished paragraph aloud several
3. Sentences should be short. But you times and rewrite those sentences that
may vary the length for easy listening. sound out of tune. Keep improving until
4. Do not state what is understood. Tell the entire piece sounds spontaneous
the viewers what the video materials and natural.
means, not what is shows. 3. Type the script on standard sized bond
5. The text should complement the video paper. Double spaced for easy
(TV image), but it also should be microphone reading.
capable of standing by itself. 4. Mark potions that can be cut (bracket
6. If the video (image) is very clear and the sentences or paragraphs) in the
well-understood, refrain from over event you run out of time.
explanation. 5. At the end of your script, include
7. The style of writing is conversational. materials that can be added or cut as
So is the talking. the actual speaking time allows.
8. Give the viewer time to watch and
listen.
9. Type the script on a standard bond Television Split Page Layout
paper, double spaced for easy Two different page layouts are used in
microphone reading. television. One evolved from the radio which
10. Mark portions that can be cut (bracket has a split-page arrangement. The other form
the sentences or paragraphs) in the comes from the motion picture industry.
event you run out of time.
The split-page form allows the
production crew and performers to deal
simultaneously with both visual and sound. The that is, when the announcer or actor
video column is used primarily by the director will not be seen speaking the lines, but
for camera cues and instructions to the will be voicing the copy over visual
technical cue. VIDEO is usually placed on the material.
left side of the page. 7. On the VIDEO side, use ALL CAPS for all
the directions except for title and other
graphics when they are to be shown on
Guidelines for Split Page TV Layout the screen. Not all stations follow these
guidelines. Some use normal copy style
1. Divide your script into two parts: in the VIDEO column.
AUDIO and VIDEO. Instructions for
those that are heard go under AUDIO;
those that are seen, under VIDEO.
Television News Copy Layout
However, stage directions to
performers are placed on the AUDIO In preparing TV news copy, use the
side because the performers seldom basic split-page form. Then follow the
pay attention to the VIDEO instructions guidelines as follows:
and concentrated on the side of the
1. The slug line is similar to that used for
page that contains their lines.
radio:
2. The basic layout is double-spaced. The
a. A one- or two-word identifier of
audio copy is therefore double-spaced
the story
too. However, VIDEO instructions are
b. Date and possibly time
single-spaced if the lines form part of
c. Writer’s name; page number if
the same instruction. See to it that the
the story exceeds a single page;
audio is kept parallel; that is, the video
and possibly the length of the
instruction should come to the same
story
points on the page as the audio they
2. The AUDIO column will contain the
accompany. Spread out the copy
copy to be read by the authors or other
whenever it seems to be cluttered.
reporters on the set. The narrow
Don’t economize on the use of paper.
column is set up that way for easy
3. As in radio copy, anything that is
reading or prompting. Each anchor’s
spoken should be in cap and lower case
lines are identified. The cut-off is
(clc). Anything that is not to be spoken,
marked.
should be written in ALL CAPITAL
3. The VIDEO column contains a wide
LETTERS (all caps), such as music, cues,
range of instructions to the crew
stage directions, and stylistic
depending on the types of inserts that
instructions.
may be used in the story.
4. Directions to actor or narrators within a
4. It is important to indicate exactly when
speech should be placed at the point
any changes take place in the sources
where they apply. Enclose in
of both audio and video material and
parenthesis the direction and type in
where these sources are – studio,
ALL CAPS.
remote live location, or wherever.
5. These are the stage business,
instruction on how a line is to be
delivered, the desired mood, and the
like. Script Forman and Content
6. Indicate in parenthesis also if the lines A script consists basically of two
are to be delivered as a voice over – sections: The VIDEO (image) and the AUDIO
(talk) components. The usual format is to break Examples:
up the page into two sections – the AUDIO at
Audio Video
the left column and the VIDEO at the right SFX: Background MEDIUM SHOT
column. SFX of nature of Rice
Terraces
The AUDIO column includes narration majestically
towering
and dialog, the description and directions for towards the
the sound effects and music. blue sky.
Narr: Welcome to
The VIDEO contains description of Mountain
Province, the
scenes, shots and angles. It will also contain world of
directing cues for transitions, camera moves, beauty, where
lighting cues, graphics and all essential visual the majestic
Ifugao rice CUT TO
information that will be needed to carry out the Terraces
video portion of the program. proudly stands.

The Audio (Talk) Column FADE IN of soft


music
WARREN: Isn’t this a CLOSE UP of
The words of the narrator are typed in
lovely Warren
cap and lower case for easy reading. picturesque admiring the
Character’s name is in capital letters. The dialog sight? view.
is separated by typing it in block format
following each character’s name. Example of TV Script Layout
(Split-Page Form)
Sound effects and directions for music
are capitalized. Everything including dialog is
double-spaced.

If the scene continuous to the next


page, type the word CONTINUE in capital letters
at the lower right-hand corner of the page and
as the first item on top of the next page.

When you reach the end of the script,


type THE END in capital letters at the bottom of
the page.

The Video (Image) Column

Use sketches to show a scene or type


the scene description in cap and lower case. All
camera directions are typed in capitals.

When a type scene transition is


suggested, capitalize instruction and isolate
between two scenes by double spacing.

The length of the scripts varies


depending on the purpose of the video
program or on the duration of time that the
program will be shown. A 10-minute program
would take about 12-15 pages.
Audio (Talk) VIDEO (Image)
What is Heard What is seen

1.Slugline 1.The wide range of


a.One or two word instruction for the
depending on the type of crew indetifier of the
insert that may be used story.
in the story.
2.Description of
b.Date (and possibly scene, shots and
time) angles.

c.Writer’s name, page a 3.Direction for


simple page, possibly number.If story
length of the story. exceeds transition,
camera moves,
2.The copy to be read- lighting cues,
this includes narration graphics, and all
and dialog. essential visual
information needed
3.The description and
to carry out the
direction for the sound
video portion.
direction for the sound
effect and music
4.Scene in the
VIDEO tape and the
running time.
How They Apear -Use sketches to
-Words of narrator show should be in
Lower Case (Clc) Cap and scene
description in Cap
-Characters’ name
and Lower Case
should be in all Capital
(Clc)
Letters
(All CAPs)
-All camera
-Dialog should be typed description should
in block format following be in All Caps.
each character’s name

-sound effect and


direction for music
should be capitalized.

-If scene continues to


next page, type word
CONTINUE in capital
letters at lower reight
hand corner of the page

-Type END in capital


letters at the bottom of
the page.

TASK: SCRIPT WRITING


Script for Radio Broadcasting
Compose a script as News Reporter

EXAMPLE:
TROY
FIRE
8:00 AM
NEWS
Rip Reed
11/11/07 [RUNS 1:00]

NAT SND: SIRENS, FIRE CREW AT SCENE UP AND UNDER


REED: An explosion followed by huge sheets of flame rising
hundreds of feet lit up the sky over Troy this morning. A
security guard called the fire department at 4:30, and when
firefighters arrived just six minutes later, the fire had
escalated. Chief Jed Krystowiak [Chris-TOE-wee-ack] said his
men battled the four alarm fire for five hours before they
brought it under control: [:30]

KRYSTOWIAK…RUNS:10 OUT: BEFORE WE EVER GOT HERE.


REED: The fire’s cause is unknown, but they haven’t

ruled out arson. No one was injured. Police officials


and fire department arson investigators say they’ll
issue a full report as early as Monday night. In
Troy, I’m Rip Reed, Newsradio 93.6. [:20]

Radio News style notes to Mass Comm. students:


ABREVIATIONS: NAT SND=Natural Sound; OUT=Outcue

BASIC RULES: Use Courier font, 12 point, justify all copy flush left. Every full line, with
your Microsoft Word ruler set at zero and 6 1/2, times out to about five seconds. Double-
space copy for easier editing and reading. Spell difficult to pronounce names phonetically
in parenthesis following the name. e.g., Rio de Janeiro (Reeo-day-jen-AIR-oh), and put the
emphasized syllable of the name in ALL CAPS. Put all audio and technical cues in caps to
avoid accidental on-air reading. Provide running times for actualities and natural sound.
Be aware that natural sound usually overlaps with voice when timing out. Give total time
for the entire segment at TOP of the page by counting full lines and totaling up each
segment. Be aware that each radio news department has variations on the standard
provided here. You’ll have to adapt to the style and production differences of a station

S-ar putea să vă placă și