Many kinds

of oscillatory
motion are
sinusoidal in
time, or
nearly so, and
are referred
to as simple
harmonic
motion.

03 Oscillations & Waves

MRS. H. MARIE F. SILVA

BSc, Dip. in Edu., MSc. In Phy. Edu.
 CHAPTER-OPENING QUESTIONS—Guess now!
1. A simple pendulum consists of a mass m (the “bob”) hanging on the end of a thin string of
length and negligible mass. The bob is pulled sideways so the string makes a 5.0° angle to the
vertical; when released, it oscillates back and forth at a frequency f. If the pendulum is started
at a 10.0° angle instead, its frequency would be
(a) twice as great. (d) not quite twice as great.
(b) half as great. (e) a bit more than half as great.
(c) the same, or very close to it.
2. You drop a rock into a pond, and water waves spread out in circles.
(a) The waves carry water outward, away from where the rock hit. That moving water carries
energy outward.
(b) The waves only make the water move up and down. No energy is carried outward from
where the rock hit.
(c) The waves only make the water move up and down, but the waves do carry energy
outward, away from where the rock hit.
mrdj¾;kh iy j¾;kh

1& gexlshl uqÿk f;la øjhla mqrjd we;' rEmfha olajd we;s mßÈ O kï
kSÍlaIlfhla" gexlsh uqÿfka Tyqf.a wei ;enQ úg gexlsh m;=f,a jQ E
,laIh Tyqg hka;ñka fmfka' øj mDIaGfha Tiafia we;s O fj; wdf,dal
lsrKhla j¾;kh jk wdldrh olajd we;' D = 85.0 cm iy L = 1.10 m kï" øjfha
j¾;kdxlh l=ulao@

2& ßla;fha ;nd we;s ùÿre l=Üáhl mDIaGhla u; wdf,dal loïNhla m;kh fõ'
fuu wdf,dal loïNh ùÿre mDIaGhg we§ wNs,ïnh iuÕ ßla;h ;=,§ 32.00 l fldaKhla idok w;r
ùÿre ;=,§ 21.00 l fldaKhla idohs kï" ùÿre j, j¾;kdxlh fldmuK o@

3& A iy B kï tlsfklg ,ïnl mrdj¾;k mDIaG follska wdf,dal lsrKhla

mrdj¾;kh jk wdldrh rEmfha olajd we;' i lsrKh iy r’ lsrKh w;r
fldaKh fidhkak'

4& iudka;r me;s iys; mdroDYH øjH foll wd;=reuqyqk; u; θ =

40.00 fldaKhlska wdf,dal loïnhla m;kh fõ' bka fldgila wkqhd; mdroDYH ia;r yryd .uka lrk w;r
fldgila by,g mrdj¾;kh ù miqj jd;hg we;=¿ fõ' n1 = 1.30, n2 = 1.40, n3 = 1.32 iy n4 = 1.45 kï"

^a& θ5 fldaKfha w.h iy

^b& θ4 fldaKfha w.h fidhkak'

mQ¾K wNHka;r mrdj¾;kh

1& c, gexlshl mDIaGfha isg 80 cm la my<ska ,laISh wdf,dal m%Njhla iúlr we;' c, mDIaGh
;=<ska wdf,dalh ks¾.;jk jD;fha úYalïNh fidhkak'

2& fnkaiSka j, j¾;kdxlh 1'8 kï" fnkaiSka ;=, isg Bg by<ska we;s ;, jd; ia;rhla foig .uka lrk
wdf,dal lsrKhl wjä fldaKh l=ula fõo@

3& ùÿre m%siauhl ^n } 1'52& ab mDIaGhla u;g ,ïnlj m;kh jk wdf,dal lsrKhla ac mDIaGfhka
mQ¾K wNhka;r mrdj¾;kh ùug ϕ fldaKfha úYd,;u w.h fidhkak

^a& m%siauh jd;h ;=< ;sfí kï'

^b& m%siauh c,h ;=< ;sfí kï'

4& A kï wdf,dal lsrKhla m<uq udOHfha ^n } 1'60& isg fojk udOHhl ^n } 1'80& ;=kS ia;rhla
yryd fojk yd f;jk ^n } 1'30& udOHhj, w;=reuqyqK; u; wjê fldaKfhka m;kh fõ' ^rEmh&

^a& θA fldaKfha w.h l=ulao@

^b& θA fldaKfha w.h wvq lrkúg" wdf,dalfhka fldgila f;jk udOHhg ks¾.ukh fõo@

B lsrKh Tiafia .uka lrk wdf,dlh m<uq udOHfhka ;=kS ia:rh yryd j¾;kh ù fojk yd f;jk udOHh j,
w;=reuqyqk; u; wjê fldaKfhka m;kh fõ'

^c& θB m;k fldaKfha w.h l=ulao@

^d& θB fldaKfha w.h wvq lrk úg" wdf,dalfhka fldgila f;jk udOHhg ks¾.ukh fõo@

5& m%siau fldaKh ϕ } 60'00 iy m%siau øjHfha j¾;kdxlh n } 1'60 fõ'

^a& wdf,dal lsrKhla m%siaufha jï mi mDIaGfhka we;=¿ú tys ol=Kq mi mDIaGfhka msgùug tu
lsrKfha m;k fldaKhg^θ& .; yels wju w.h l=ulao@

^b& wf,dal lsrKh m%siaufhka msgjk úg m%siauh iuÕ idok fldaKh tys j¾;k fldaKhg^θ& i¾jiu
ùug m;k fldaKh^θ& l=ula úh hq;=o@

6& § we;s lsrK igyk mßudkhlg we| fkdue;' fojk udOHh yd f;jk udOHh w;r w;=reuqyqk; u;
wdf,dal lsrKh wjê fldaKfhka m;kh fõ' n1 } 1'70 iy n2 } 1'60 fõ'
^a& n3 ys w.h'

^b& θ fldaKfha w.h'

^c& θ fldaKfha w.h wvq lrk úg" wdf,dalh 3 jk udOHhg j¾;kh fõo@