Strength of Materials Sheet Provides Key Strain and Stress Calculations

2016-2017
STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS
SHEET (1)
Name: Khalid Waleed

ID: 42015161
DR. ADEL MOHAMED

CANAL HIGH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
ID: 42015161 ‫ ﺧﺎﻟد وﻟﯾد اﻟﺳﯾد ﻋﻠﻲ‬:‫اﻻﺳم‬
1- A 6 in long copper wire is stretched to a

total length of 6.05 in. What is the strain?
° =6 , = 6.05
∆ 6.05 − 6
∵ = = = 8.333 × 10
6
2- What tensile stress is required to produce a

strain of 8 × 10 in AL ? Report the answer
in MPa.
= ?? , = 8 × 10
ℎ = 10 × 10
1.013 × 10 1
∴ = 10 × 10 × ×
14.7 10
∴ = 68.91 ≈ 70
∵ = .
∴ = 70 × 10 × 8 × 10 = 5600000 × 10
= 5.6
3- A 6 foot long (AL) rod has a cross-sectional

area of 0.3 . How much does the rod
stretch under an axial tensile load of 400 lb ?
Report the answer in inches.
{ E (AL) = 10 × 10 }
1 39.37
° =6 × × = 72.018
3.28 1
= 0.3 , = 400 , = 10 × 10
400
= = = 1333.333 ( ⁄ )
0.3
∵ = .
∆
∴ = .
. 1333.333 × 72.018
∴∆ = = = 9.602 × 10
10 × 10
4- A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter

of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of 400
KN. Determine the outside diameter of the
tube if the stress is limited to 120 ⁄ .
∵ = → =
= 400 = 400 × 10
= 120 = 120 × 10
= 100 = 100 × 10
= ??
= ( − )
4
= ( − (100 × 10 ) )
4
400 × 10
∴ ( − (100 × 10 ) ) =
4 120 × 10
. − 7.853 × 10 = 3.333 × 10
4
∴ . = 11.186 × 10
4
∴ = 14.242 × 10 = 119.341 × 10
∴ = 119.341
5- A 70 KN compressive load is applied to a 5

cm diameter, 3 cm tall steel cylinder.
Calculate stress, strain and deflection ?
ℎ = 30 × 10
1.013 × 10 1
∴ = 30 × 10 × ×
14.7 10
∴ = 206.734 ≈ 207
= 70 = 70 × 10 , =5 , ℎ=3
= . = . (5 × 10 ) = 1.963 × 10
4 4
70 × 10
∵ = = = 35659704.53 ⁄
1.963 × 10
= 35.659 ⁄
35.659 × 10
∵ = . → ∴ = =
207
∴ = 1.722 × 10
∆
∴ = → ∴∆ = .
∆ = 1.722 × 10 × 3 × 10 = 5.166 × 10
6- An (Al) rod is rigidly attached between a

steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in the fig.
Axial loads are applied at the positions
indicated. Find the max value of P that will
not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in (Al)
of 90 MPa, in bronze of 100 MPa ?
= 140 , = 90 , = 100
Frist for Bronze:

= −2
−2
∵ = → 100 × 10 =
200 × 10
−20000
∴ = = −10000
2
Second for Al:
= −2 + =−
−
∵ = → 90 × 10 =
400 × 10
∴ = −36000
Third for steel:
= − − 4 = −5
−5
∵ = → 140 × 10 =
500 × 10
∴ = −14000
The max value of P is −36000 in Al.

7- An (Al) rod has a cross-sectional area of

0.19635 . An axial tensile load of 6000 lb
causes the rod to stretch along its length, and
shrink across its diameter. What is the
diameter before and after loading ? Report the
answer in inches.
{ E (AL) = 10 × 10 ⁄ }
° = 0.19635 , = 6000
4.
∵ = . → =
4
4 × 0.19635
= = 0.5 → (1)
∵ = . → ∴ =
.
6000
∴ = = 3.0557 × 10
0.19635 × 10 × 10
From the chart of poisson’s Ratio for common

engineering materials and metals
= 0.32
∵ =
∴ = ×
= 0.32 × 3.0557 × 10
= 9.778 × 10
∆ 0.5 −
= =
0.5
∆ = 0.5 ×
∆ = 0.5 × 9.778 × 10 = 4.889 × 10
∴ = 0.5 − 4.889 × 10 = 0.49951

8- Determine the stress in each section of the

bar shown in fig. when subjected to an axial
tensile load of 20 KN. The central section is
30 mm square cross-section, the other
portions are of circular section, their
diameters being indicated. what will be the
total extension of the bar ? for the bar material
E = 21 ⁄ ? all extension in mm.
30
20 ∅
15 ∅
20 20
(1) (2) (3)
250 100 400
(1) →
∴ ( ) = = (20 × 10 ) = 3.1415 × 10
4 4
20 × 10
∴ ( ) = = = 63663854.85 ⁄
3.1415 × 10
‫‪ID: 42015161‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳم‪ :‬ﺧﺎﻟد وﻟﯾد اﻟﺳﯾد ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫∵‬ ‫‪= .‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫∴‬ ‫=‬
‫‪63663854.85‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 3.0316 × 10‬‬
‫‪210 × 10‬‬
‫‪Δ‬‬
‫∵‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪→∴∆ = .‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫∆∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪= 3.0316 × 10‬‬ ‫‪× 250 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 7.579 × 10‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫→ )‪(2‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪= 30 × 10‬‬ ‫‪× 30 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 9 × 10‬‬

‫‪20 × 10‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 22222222.22‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬
‫‪9 × 10‬‬
‫∵‬ ‫‪= .‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫∴‬ ‫=‬
‫‪22222222.22‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.0582 × 10‬‬
‫‪210 × 10‬‬
‫‪Δ‬‬
‫∵‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪→∴∆ = .‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫∆∴‬ ‫‪= 1.0582 × 10‬‬ ‫‪× 100 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 1.0582 × 10‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫) (‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫→ )‪(3‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(15 × 10 ) = 1.767 × 10‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪20 × 10‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 113186191.3‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬
‫‪1.767 × 10‬‬
‫∵‬ ‫‪= .‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫∴‬ ‫=‬
‫‪113186191.3‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 5.3898 × 10‬‬
‫‪210 × 10‬‬
‫‪Δ‬‬
‫∵‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪→∴∆ = .‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫∆∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪= 5.3898 × 10‬‬ ‫‪× 400 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 2.1559 × 10‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫‪22.22‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫‪113.18‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫∆=‬ ‫) (‬ ‫∆‪+‬‬ ‫) (‬ ‫∆‪+‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫)‪(1), (2), (3‬‬
‫∴‬
‫‪= 7.579 × 10 + 1.0582 × 10‬‬ ‫‪+ 2.1559‬‬
‫‪× 10 = 3.01962 × 10‬‬
9- (a) A 25 mm diameter bar is subjected to an

axial tensile load of 100 KN under the action
of this load a 200 mm gauge length is found to
extend 0.19 mm. determine the modulus of
elasticity for the bar material.
(b) If in order to reduce weight whilst keeping
the external diameter constant, the bar is
bored axially to produce a cylinder of uniform
thickness, What is the max diameter of the
bore possible given that the max allowable
stress is 240 ⁄ ? the load can be
assumed to remain constant at 100 KN.
(c) What will be the change in the outside
diameter of the bar under the limiting stress
quoted in (b) ?
{ E = 210 ⁄ and Poisson’s ratio =0.3 }
( )
= 25 , = 100 , ℎ = 200
∆ ℎ = 0.19 , = ??
= = (25 × 10 ) = 4.908 × 10
4 4
‫∵‬ ‫‪= .‬‬

‫‪ℎ( ) −‬‬ ‫∘‪ℎ‬‬
‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫=‬
‫∘‪ℎ‬‬
‫‪0.19‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 9.5 × 10‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪100 × 10‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 214.472‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪4.908 × 10 × 9.5 × 10‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫‪= 240‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 100‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 25‬‬
‫∵‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪((25 × 10 ) −‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪100 × 10‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫‪((25 × 10 ) −‬‬ ‫=)‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪240 × 10‬‬
‫‪4.908 × 10‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪= 4.166 × 10‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪= 7.42 × 10‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪9.447 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 9.719 × 10‬‬
‫‪= 9.719 × 10‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫‪= 0.3 ,‬‬ ‫‪= 210‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫∆ ‪,‬‬ ‫?? =‬
‫‪240 × 10‬‬
‫∵‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.142 × 10‬‬
‫‪210 × 10‬‬
‫=‬
‫∴‬ ‫‪= 0.3 × 1.142 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 3.426 × 10‬‬

‫∆‬
‫∵‬ ‫=‬
‫∆∴‬ ‫‪= 3.426 × 10‬‬ ‫‪× 25 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 8.565 × 10‬‬

‫∆‬ ‫‪= 8.565 × 10‬‬
10- The following data were recorded during the tensile

test of a 14 mm diameter mild steel rod. The gage length
was 50 mm. Plot the stress strain diagram and determine
the following mechanical properties (a) proportional
limits (b) Modulus of elasticity (c) Yield point (d)
Ultimate strength (e) Rupture strength
Load (N) Elongation (mm)
0 0
6310 0.01
12600 0.02
18800 0.03
25100 0.04
31300 0.05
37900 0.06
41600 0.163
40100 0.433
46200 1.25
52400 2.5
58500 4.5
68000 7.5
99000 12.5
67800 15.5
65000 20
61500 20.2 (fracture)
~ Solution ~
Data: = 14 × 10 , = 50 × 10
We write table of stress and strain:
∆ ( )
ℎ = , =
( )= . = . (14 × 10 ) = 1.539 × 10
4 4
Stress (MPa) Strain × 10
0 0
40.99 0.2
81.851 0.4
122.127 0.6
163.052 0.8
203.328 1
246.203 1.2
270.238 3.26
260.494 8.66
300.12 25
340.396 50
380.023 90
441.736 150
643.115 250
440.437 310
422.247 400
399.511 404 (fracture)
Now we plot stress against strain diagram

STRAIN (10^-3)
700
600
500
STRESS (MPA)
400
300
200
100
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
By zooming in to the first part

300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
∴ proportional limits = 246.203 MPa

0.002 2 ≈ 270
ℎ
161 × 10 − 40 × 10
= = 2.016 × 10
0.8 × 10 − 0.2 × 10
∴ = 2.016 × 10
ℎ
ℎ ℎ = 643.115
Rupture strength = 399.511 MPa

Strength of Materials Sheet Provides Key Strain and Stress Calculations

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Strength of Materials Sheet Provides Key Strain and Stress Calculations

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2016-2017

Name: Khalid Waleed

DR. ADEL MOHAMED

1- A 6 in long copper wire is stretched to a

2- What tensile stress is required to produce a

3- A 6 foot long (AL) rod has a cross-sectional

4- A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter

5- A 70 KN compressive load is applied to a 5

6- An (Al) rod is rigidly attached between a

Frist for Bronze:

Second for Al:

Third for steel:

The max value of P is −36000 in Al.

7- An (Al) rod has a cross-sectional area of

From the chart of poisson’s Ratio for common

∆ = 0.5 × 9.778 × 10 = 4.889 × 10

∴ = 0.5 − 4.889 × 10 = 0.49951

8- Determine the stress in each section of the

250 100 400

‫∵‬ ‫‪= .‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫∴‬ ‫=‬

‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪= 30 × 10‬‬ ‫‪× 30 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 9 × 10‬‬

‫∴‬ ‫) (‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(15 × 10 ) = 1.767 × 10‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫‪22.22‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫‪113.18‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬

‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫∆=‬ ‫) (‬ ‫∆‪+‬‬ ‫) (‬ ‫∆‪+‬‬ ‫) (‬

‫)‪(1), (2), (3‬‬

9- (a) A 25 mm diameter bar is subjected to an

‫∵‬ ‫‪= .‬‬

‫) (‬ ‫‪= 240‬‬ ‫‪⁄‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 100‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪= 25‬‬

‫∵‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪ℎ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪((25 × 10 ) −‬‬ ‫)‬

‫∴‬ ‫‪= 0.3 × 1.142 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 3.426 × 10‬‬

‫∆∴‬ ‫‪= 3.426 × 10‬‬ ‫‪× 25 × 10‬‬ ‫‪= 8.565 × 10‬‬

10- The following data were recorded during the tensile

Now we plot stress against strain diagram

By zooming in to the first part

∴ proportional limits = 246.203 MPa

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