Zugzwang

Zugzwang is one of the most interesting technique encountered in a chess

game. This word is formed from two German words: Zug - move and Zwang –
compulsion and literally translated – compulsion to move. However, the
meaning of the concept is wider. We are talking about positions in which any
move made leads to a deterioration in one's own position (or to material
losses). In other words, zugzwang means forcing a move causing a
deterioration in position. 
Although this term was accepted by the Chess World only in the 90s of the last
century, it has been used for a long time as a method for achieving victory.
The heyday of the composition at the end of the last century - the emergence
of various schools and trends - contributed to the introduction of the concept
of zugzwang into chess terminology. 
Zugzwang is a very common occurrence in the endgame.  This is good
resource for an endgame player. Sometimes the result of a position is
determined by whose move at the moment, and this should be taken into
account. The following diagram shows a typical example:

White's move. In the first look, we can see that both the Kings are sitting
comfortably controlling the Pawn remaining on the board. In addition, Black
got an extra Pawn in his custody. But unfortunately, this extra Pawn spoiled
the game for Black. Can you find a winning move for white?
White plays 1.f5! Towards the lion’s den. Now it’s Black’s turn to move and
and if Black takes the Pawn at f5, the h-pawn rushes to the Queening square.
Black is in a pretty tight position. We call it “Black is in zugzwang”, as any
move will worsen his position. In Chess it is now allowed to pass on the move.
Each player should make moves turn by turn. Therefore, Black either has to
capture the f-pawn or move his King and the White h-pawn moves ahead and
becomes a Queen.
White wins using the technique of zugzwang.
Most often zugzwang is found in the endgame, especially in pawn
endings. For instance:

In this example, an interesting situation has developed - mutual zugzwang.

Here, the one who moves first wins.  If it’s White’s move, then the King simply
moves to f6, the Black pawn at e4 is under attack. Black has to protect it
moves to Kd4. White plays King to f5 and Black is in Zugzwang. With Black's
move, the decision is similar. 
There are also many chess studies that use mate threats and zugzwangs in
the complex. I propose to solve the following problem before moving on:
Heucker, 1937
White's move. Mate in 2 moves
This study is from the Board of a composer Heucker in 1937 and its main idea
is to use zugzwang. White moves his King 1.Kh8! Now Black is in zugzwang.
He cannot move his King as the squares are controlled by d6 Knight and King
at h8. He has to play one of his Knights. If Black goes with his c5-Knight then
mate by 2.Ne6#, and if he moves the Knight on e7, then White Knight from f4
moves to g6 and it is the checkmate.