TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) 400

Undertaken at the
NBC Asejire Site of Arbico PLC
Nigerian Botling Company- Coca-Cola, Asejire, Oyo State, Nigeria

PREPARED BY

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI

QTS/2014/006

DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND MANEGEMENT

OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY

ILE – IFE

IN PARTIAL FULFIMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN QUANTITY SURVEYING, OBAFEMI
AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE-IFE, OSUN STATE

APRIL, 2019

i
 Department of Quantity Surveying,

Faculty of E.D.M,

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife,

Osun state.

17th April, 2019.

The Coordinator,

QTS 400 (Students Industrial work Experience Scheme II),

Department of Quantity Surveying,

Faculty of E.D.M,

Obafemi Awolowo University,

Ile-Ife, Osun state.

Dear Sir,

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
I hereby write to inform you that I have successfully completed the compulsory six months
Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) program as expected. All works contained
in this report were compiled and completed by me. This report is therefore being submitted in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES 400)
in Obafemi Awolowo University.

Thanks in anticipation for your favourable review.

Yours Faithfully,

ADEPOJU Victor Femi

QTS/2014/006

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 II

 CERTIFICATION
I, ADEPOJU Victor Femi, with matriculation number QTS/2014/006 hereby certify that I did my

Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) 400 program at the NBC (Coca-Cola) Asejire

site of Arbico PLC situated at Asejire, Oyo state, Nigeria.

I also certify that all the works contained in this report army work and it contains to the best of my

knowledge, all experiences, lessons and insights I have garnered in the past 6 months of my

industrial training on this site.

ADEPOJU Victor Femi Dr. A. Opawole

STUDENT SIWES COORDINATOR

Dr. J.O. Dada

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 III

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To the almighty God, without whom nothing good can be accomplished, I give all honour, glory and

adoration, for He made me started and at the same time finished my industrial training well. I

appreciate the support and prayers of my parent throughout this period, may God always replenish

and bless them. I thank those God used to make this dream a reality - Mr Olusegun Oladejo

particularly, I pray God will always bless you sir. Finally, I appreciate all those who imparted me in

one way or the other during this period of my training, I pray your wisdom will never run dry.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 IV

 ABSTRACT
This report contains a brief introduction of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme

(SIWES) program as well as the roles of all parties involved. Details about Arbico PLC as an

organisation as well as the mode of operation at the particular site where I undertook my industrial

training are covered in this report. All experiences and lessons I gained in terms of contractor’s

quantity surveying duties, real life construction, construction related Health Safety and Environment

(HSE), construction plants and equipment and lots of several other construction related and non-

construction related experiences are all communicated in details in this report.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 V

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................................................... i
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL ...................................................................................................... ii
CERTIFICATION ..........................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ vi
CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME 1
1.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme ............................................................. 1
1.1.3 Aims and Objectives of SIWES ................................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Roles of Parties Involved in SIWES ............................................................................ 3
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 FIRM’S/ORGANISATION’S PROFILE........................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Background and History of Arbico PLC ...................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Mode of Operation within the Company ..................................................................... 6
2.1.3 Site’s Organisation Chart ........................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 EXPERIENCE / KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED ............................................................... 11
3.1.1 Contractor’s Quantity Surveyor’s Duties ................................................................... 11
3.1.2 On-site Construction Works....................................................................................... 17
3.1.3 Construction Related Health Safety and Environment (HSE) Practices .................... 23
3.1.4 Other Construction Related and Non-Construction Related Experience Gained. ..... 25
CHAPTER FOUR .......................................................................................................................... 27
4.1 CONCLUSION, CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATION .................................. 27
4.1.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 27
4.1.2 Challenges .................................................................................................................. 27
4.1.3 Recommendation ....................................................................................................... 28
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................ 29

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 VI

 CHAPTER ONE
1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

1.1.1 Introduction

As part of the requirements of attaining a Bachelor of Science Degree in quantity surveying, it

is compulsory students are excused from the academic environment for a stipulated period of time

in order to go out to the field which is the industry related to their particular course of study in

school. This will enable them attain the necessary practical experience that will make them become

knowledgeable students and eventually great professionals. In addition, it will ensure students are

equipped in the relevant practical aspects of their courses and expose them to the way things are

done outside there in the industry they belong.

Sequel to this, I applied to Arbico PLC – a construction firm where I was thoroughly exposed to

construction works and the various quantity surveying practices in the contracting line.

This report is therefore written to communicate all I have learnt and exposed to out there in the

construction world. My acquired knowledge about construction activities, quantity-surveying

practices, Health Safety and Environment (HSE) practices and fundamentals, construction plants

and equipment and many others were all captured in this report.

1.1.2 Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is an accepted skills programme

that forms part of the approved academic standards in certain degree programs in Nigerian

Universities. In 1973, the Federal Government of Nigeria introduced the national policy on industrial

training, called the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES). However, it was until

1974 that students started going out to industries to obtain the required practical training. This

programme is under the umbrella of the Ministry of Education through the Industrial Training Fund

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 1

(ITF). It was designed to help students acquire the necessary practical education/experience in their

respective fields of study and it is charged with the responsibility of preparing students for life

outside the four walls of higher institution.

The placement of students is always based on their course of study and it is limited to students

in the faculties of Technology and Environmental Design and Management. Courses taught at the

National colleges of Education and Polytechnics are also included. At present, an allowance of

N2,500 is paid to each student per month during the period of their training. The payment is made

by Industrial Training Fund (ITF) – the organisation saddled with the responsibility of administering

the programme. The SIWES programme is in two phases. The first known as SIWES 300 is usually

done at the end of the student’s third year while the second phase called SIWES 400 is always done

in the second semester of the student’s fourth year on campus.

1.1.3 Aims and Objectives of SIWES

Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme was essentially created in order to bridge the

existing gap between the theory taught in the classroom and the practice of science, agriculture,

medicine, engineering, technology and other professional programmes in Nigeria tertiary

institutions. This programme is aimed at exposing the students to the use of various machines and

equipment, professional work methods and ways of safeguarding the work areas in industries as well

as other organisations. The programme was established basically to impact elaborate practical

understanding to students with respect to their various disciplines. SIWES also affords students the

opportunity to relate the academic knowledge they have acquired in their respective institutions with

the industrial experience and exposure they stand to gain in their various industrial placements. This

has proven as a means of ensuring students, which are prospective professionals, become better in

delivering their professional services.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 2

1.1.4 Roles of Parties Involved in SIWES

The various parties involved in the scheme are the institutions of learning, the employers, the

students, the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) and the National University Commission (NUC). Their

various roles and responsibilities as regards to SIWES are further expatiated below.

 Institutions of Learning

The institutions of learning are saddled with the responsibility of preparing students for their

various industrial training schemes by orientating them shortly before the commencement of the

programme. They are expected to pay regular visits to the students at the various organisations they

were attached in order to evaluate each student’s performance and sign their logbooks. In addition,

the institutions of learning are required to submit returns of disbursement of funds received in respect

of SIWES to the Industrial Training Fund.

 Employers

The employers of the students are required to work out relevant programmes with the

institutions. They are to ensure that students are exposed to real life working situations and

conditions through the process of engaging them in the various activities of the firm/organisation.

The employers must also assess the students’ logbooks on both weekly and monthly basis and make

comments where necessary about the student’s performance.

 Students

A major role of students on internship is to keep the logbooks obtained from their respective

institutions and record all activities and lessons learnt in it on a daily basis. They must equally be

present regularly at the respective organisations to which they have been attached. It is also

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 3

important they complete their programme evaluation form (ITF form 8) and get it submitted to any

ITF office nearby to them.

 Industrial Training Fund (ITF)

Industrial Training Fund was established upon the promulgation of the ITF decree of 1971.

It publishes the rules and regulations for the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES),

identifies and compiles list of suitable industries for placement and also assist institutions of learning

in facilitating placements for their students. The ITF also ensures that monthly allowances of

students are made available, ensures that the supervisory allowances to participating institutions are

received, conducts annual evaluation of the programme and liaises with the appropriate federal

ministries (NUC, NBTE and other concerned body) on issues concerning SIWES.

 National Universities Commission (NUC)

The National Universities Commission is expected to evolve minimum practical programme

for supervised industrial attachment, vet all programme and placement lists submitted by the

institutions before resubmitting to the ITF for approval. The NUC also makes sure that the lists of

all accredited programmes in each school are submitted to the Industrial Training Fund.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 4

 CHAPTER TWO
2.1 FIRM’S/ORGANISATION’S PROFILE

2.1.1 Background and History of Arbico PLC

A Greek engineer, who was born in 1925, founded Arbico PLC in 1958. ‘B.C.’ Economides,

as he was known, had come for a short visit to Nigeria in 1953 to convince his brother Peter

Economides, who resided in Lagos since the late 1930s, fleeing the incoming World War II, to return

to Greece as the war ended. His brother instead spoke with such passionate words about the greatness

of Nigeria and the country’s future post-independence that ‘B.C.’ was convinced to stay and

‘explore’. Arbico PLC was founded based on a strong foundation of collaboration, integrity, and a

dedication to provide construction services that will stand the test of time. As a family-oriented

business with a vision to build a lasting legacy, Arbico has consistently surpassed all expectations

attracting a diverse group of talented individuals through the years. In the face of tough economic

and political travails, Arbico continues to thrive. Our passion for quality and strong ethical values

are the reasons we have succeeded for so long.

Arbico is a full service, building and civil engineering contracting company. After its

establishment in the year 1958, it has been quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange since the year

1978. The company has become one of the foremost construction company in Nigeria with presence

across the geopolitical zones of the country. For sixty years, the company has been involved in the

construction of broad spectrum of projects for government, multinational companies, industrial

groups as well as high net-worth individuals. Arbico’s services include pre-construction, general

contracting, design-build, construction management and construction services in the following

sectors: civil/infrastructure, aviation, healthcare, hospitality, manufacturing and industrial,

residential, educational, corporate and commercial offices. We have established a proven track

record of managing and delivering construction projects on time, as well as an operational strategy

to maintain a full profile of services.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 5

 Efficient deployment of resources is at the core of our competence. Therefore, we maintain

a large inventory of civil and building construction materials and equipment to ensure prompt

delivery of services. Our construction management team has vast construction build out experience

ranging from private residences, high-rise buildings, factories to plant and infrastructural projects.

These successful experiences have proven that the construction management team and systems

Arbico put in place are effective and efficient. By carefully managing information, people,

equipment and materials, and working closely with the design engineers and quality management

team, our qualified construction management team ensures that all construction projects are

successfully executed on schedule and within budget.

2.1.2 Mode of Operation within the Company

At the passing of the founder, Basil C. Economides on 8 January 1994, Arbico was forced

to transition from a thriving family business to a publicly traded company. The Board of Directors

welcomed Sir Kensington Adebutu as Chairman in 2010. Adebisi Adebutu, heading the team, Elder

N.C.U. Okoro as acting Chairman, Olatunbosun Olukoya (tragically and untimely gone), Eyo

Asuquo and Afolabi Aiyeola, both Executive Directors and members of the managing team, Otunba

Ositade Aranmolate (late) and Alkimos Makaronidis as member of the management team and

transitional Managing Director. These are the top management team of Arbico PLC running the day-

to-day affairs of the company from its head office situated at Plot D, Block 7, Industrial Cresent,

Ilupeju, Lagos Nigeria.

Arbico PLC operates in such a way that all its various operations apart from construction are

centrally carried out in the head office. Its procurement, administrative, human resource, logistics,

estimating and other functions are implemented directly form the head office. Taking the

procurement department as an example, all materials to be used on site for construction have to be

procured directly from the head office no matter how large or small they might be. My experience

at the NBC Asejire site made me understand this more. For any material to be procured to the site,

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 6

the site’s administrative officer must work hand-in-hand with the site’s quantity surveyor, safety

officers, plants and equipment engineers and some others in order to come up with a list of materials

and equipmets needed on site for construction and other various purposes. When this has been done,

a requisition will sent directly to the head office notifying the procurement department of the need

of those materials on site.

My primary place of assignment, which is the Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC) Asejire

site of Arbico PLC, is a very large site where construction processes and operations have

commenced since the year 2014. Arbico PLC is the major civil engineering and building contractor

on this site and they are saddled with the responsibility of bringing into reality series of civil

engineering and building works located on the Greenfield area of this branch of Coca-Cola

Company. Right from the commencement of operations on this site, various projects have been

completed while several others are ongoing. The Energy Centre, Warehouse Building, Pet Line, Pre-

treatment Plant Building, Waste Management Building and many others have been successfully

completed and delivered to the client. The uniqueness of this site in terms of its largeness in size,

huge number of operatives, equipment and plants, and the various constructions projects going on

simultaneously at different sections of the site have made several standards to be put in place thereby

influencing how the various site operations are carried out. These site operations are discussed

below one after the other.

 Collection of work/operation permit before carrying out any operation on site

At the NBC Asejire site of Arbico PLC, health and safety cultures are highly regarded. As a

result of this, before any activity, process or operation is carried out on site, certain laid down

sequence of steps must be followed. Collection of work/operation permit is a major condition that

must be acknowledged and obeyed before any work can be executed on site. These work permits

are always issued by an organisation in charge of general health and safety on site. This organisation

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 7

is the Hybrid Group and they are employed directly by the Coca-Cola Company to oversee the

general Health Safety and Environment (HSE) practices on site. These permits are issued according

to work trades and they always contain all safety requirements all operatives that would be involved

in that trade must have satisfied. The main essence of these permits is to be able to monitor efficiently

the site operatives and how they are adhering to the safety conditions already stated in them.

 Composition of operatives on the site

Operatives on this site a divided into two groups: the staff and the casual workers. The staff are

the workers employed directly from the head office of Arbico PLC and comprise mainly of the

supervisors, engineers, quantity surveyors, site administrators, drivers, security personnel and some

plant operators. The casual workers on the other hand are those whose employment is restricted to

the ongoing project and in some cases some other projects. They comprise the skilled, semi-skilled

and unskilled labours and some plant operators. All casual worker on site have their individual job

card where they keep record of the number of hours they work each day. It is based on this recorded

hours worked per day that they will then be paid after they might have worked for two weeks.

 Mode of communication on the site

The fact that this site covers a very large expense of land comprising of different construction

projects going on simultaneously made the mode of communication a unique one. The Walkie-

Talkie cellular phones that use radio signals are being used to facilitate effective communication on

the site. These phones are given to each department head, supervisors, and engineers in order to

ensure communication is possible anywhere they are within and around the site without having to

see each other physically. One of the advantage of this means of communication is that it facilitates

quick ordering of concrete on site. Whenever an engineer needs a particular volume of concrete to

be used at a section of the site, the batching plant (concrete mixing plant) operator can easily be

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 8

contacted to make ready the volume needed without the physical presence of the engineer at the

plant.

 The site stores

The site has well-organised storage facilities under the supervision of a storekeeper. Steel

containers are being used as the site stores and these are where all materials and equipment that can

be affected by the effects of weather and climate are stored. Other materials such as reinforcement

bars, structural steel members, pipes for plumbing works and so on are kept outside since the weather

cannot affect them. The storekeeper is saddled with responsibilities of keeping records of materials

brought to site, materials requested from the stores to be used on site, and those taken away from

the site.

 Plants and equipment used on site

On this site, various plants and equipment are being used to carry out the day-to-day construction

activities. The plants present on site are; excavator, dumper, vibratory compactor, batching plant,

backhoe/backactor, Actros concrete mixer (loaded by the batching plant), Mellow concrete mixer

(self-loading), stationary concrete mixer, mini-vibrating machine, skid steer loader, tippers, pay

loader, bulldozer and CIFA concrete pumping machine. Before any plant can be operated on site,

each plant operator is required to fill a checklist indicating the degree of functionality of different

parts of the plant. Most of the plants on site operates on diesel. Therefore, in order to allocate the

appropriate quantity of diesel to each plant, an operative responsible for reading the Odometer

(component of plants that shows the number of hours the plant has worked) of the plants carry out

this task every morning. This makes it possible for him to ascertain the number of hours the plant

has worked and to check the extents of diesel in the plant. When this has been done, the appropriate

quantity of diesel will then be given to the plant.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 9

2.1.3 Site’s Organisation Chart

At the NBC Asejire site of Arbico PLC, communication and responsibilities flows directly

from the project/site manager to the site engineers, heads of departments, supervisors, site

administrator and the chief security officer. It then moves on to the other site operatives subordinate

to the above mentioned. The organisation chart of the site is diagrammatically illustrated below.

PROJECT/SITE
MANAGER

HSE
MANAGER

SITE SAFETY OFFICERS

FILTERS/IRON
PROJECT QUANTITY PROJECT LAND SITE CHIEF SECURITY
SITE ENGINEERS SURVEYIOR SURVEYOR
BENDERS QA/QC ENGINEER
ADMINISTRATOR OFFICER
SUPERVISOR

TRADE (CARPENTARY, MASON, ASSISTANT ASSISTANT LAND SKILLED IRON PLANT SECURITY
INTERNS
WELDING, SCAFFOLDING) HEAD PROJECT QS SURVEYOR BENDERS OPERATORS / PERSONELS
MEN DRIVERS

SURVEYOR UNSKILLD
QS INTERNS MATES LABOURERS UNSKILLED
SKILLED OPERATIVES LABOURERS
(CARPENTERS, MASONS,
WELDERS, SCAFFOLDERS)
SEMI-SKILLED
LABOURER

UNSKILLED
LABOURERS SURVEYING
INTERNS

ENGINEERING
INTERNS

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 10

 CHAPTER THREE
3.1 EXPERIENCE / KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED

In the course of my industrial training at the NBC Asejire site of Arbico PLC, I was exposed

to various aspects of the construction industry and I garnered knowledge and experience in the

following areas namely; contractor’s quantity surveyor’s duties, on-site construction works,

construction related Health Safety and Environment (HSE) practices and other construction related

and non-construction related areas. These aspects are individually explained below:

3.1.1 Contractor’s Quantity Surveyor’s Duties

The privilege of staying in the site quantity surveyor’s office in the course of my industrial

training gave me the opportunity to learn the various duties of quantity surveyors in the contracting

line. This opportunity also made it possible for me to learn directly from the project quantity

surveyor and the assistant project quantity surveyors that were present on site. On-site physical

measurements of works executed, preparation of report (daily, weekly and projected) of works,

interim valuation for sub-contracted works, preparation of materials schedule, measurement and

preparation of B.O.Q for civil engineering and building works, reconciliation of the quantities of

materials (especially aggregates) brought to site with that measured on site and lots more were the

duties I was exposed to and which I ultimately learnt from. These duties are individually explained

below:

 On-site physical measurement of works executed on site.

Physical measurement of works executed on site is a primary function of the quantity-surveying

department on this site. This is because all reports (daily and weekly) of works usually prepared

depends solely on the measured works. Around the closing hour (usually 1hour to the closing time)

of every workday on site, we usually go round to all the site sections where works have been done

in order to measure the works done. In carrying out this measurement, we make use of the 15m

length tape rule and the 100m length tape rule for short distance and very long distance measurement

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 11

respectively. Apart from the daily measurement of works on site, we occasionally go to site to

perform this same duty when the project quantity surveyor needs us to confirm a measurement for

him on site and when the consultant quantity surveyor comes around to site to carry out the monthly

valuation of works. This daily and reoccurring site task has enabled me to be conversant with the

identification of various materials used on site and their basics sizes. Identification of the various

sizes of reinforcement bars and length of formwork panels without measuring are very good

examples.

Another positive impact that the daily measurement of works executed on site has had on me

is that it has really improved my understanding of construction processes and at the same time

enhanced my relationship with site operatives. When carrying out the measurement of executed

works, you have to relate with the site engineer or any other operative on ground whenever

somethings are confusing which you need instant clarification on in order to input the correct

measurement.

 Preparation of report (daily, weekly and projected) of works

Site reports are prepared to give an indication about a task, an occurrence or an event that

happened on site. The reports that are usually prepared by the quantity surveying departments on

this site always show the quantity of works that have been executed within a particular period of

time and their associated cost. These reports include the daily report of works executed on site on a

daily basis, weekly report of cumulative works done within a week, report of works cumulatively

done within four weeks - monthly report as well as the projected reports for works envisaged to be

carried out on site on a weekly and monthly basis.

In preparing the daily report, on-site measurement of works executed is the first point of call.

For instance, the physical measurement taken for works executed on site today will be used in

preparing the daily report very early the next day. Figure 1 and 2 in the appendices section show a

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 12

typical daily report prepared using the Microsoft Excel worksheet. A typical daily report prepared

using the Microsoft Excel worksheet shows the heading/title of the work, description of the work,

engaged operatives, quantity budgeted in the B.O.Q, daily-executed quantity, cumulative quantity

of works, budgeted and actual labour cost, budgeted and actual cost of materials, value of the work

(daily executed quantity multiplied by the rate) and the remark which is the profit made on labour

and material used in a particular work.

Other important things the daily report indicates can be seen in figure 2 and they are; the

total cost of labour used on the site per day, total remark- the total profit made on labour & materials

and most importantly the total value of works executed each day. Cells I658, M658 and L658 shows

their values respectively.

The weekly report is another important report usually prepared for works executed on site

within a week. It comes as a result of the accumulation of quantities of work done each day for a

week so as to give an indication of the total quantity of work that have been executed on site for that

particular week and their corresponding value. In preparing this weekly report, reference is usually

made to the cumulative executed quantity column of the daily report shown in figure 1 & 2. At the

end of a week, the total quantity of work obtained in this column will now be transferred to another

Microsoft Excel worksheet used for the preparation of the weekly report. Figure 3 in the appendices

section shows a typical weekly report prepared using the Microsoft excel worksheet. The cumulative

executed quantity transferred from the daily report can be seen in the actual quantity column of the

weekly report. The quantity in this column will then be multiplied by the appropriate rate to give the

value of the work for a whole week.

The total value of works proposed to be executed on site for the whole week and works

actually done can be seen in cells K158 and L158 of figure 4 respectively. In addition, the value of

works done by each engineer handling a particular section of the site is usually indicated too. Cells

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 13

D156 and D157 show the value of works planned to be executed by a site engineer and the value of

works he was eventually able to do for the week respectively.

The very last report within the jurisdiction of the assistant site quantity surveyors and the

industrial trainees is the weekly work projection report. This report is prepared to give an

indication/idea of works that are envisaged to be carried out on site within a week. The concept

behind this report is not to accurately project the exact works that will be done on site but just to

give an idea of the works that are likely to be executed and their corresponding cost to an individual

going through the prepared report. Figure 5 in the appendices section shows a typical weekly

projection report prepared using the Microsoft Excel worksheet. The total value of projected works

for the week is shown in cell J110 while the value of works projected to be executed by a particular

engineer can be seen in cell E106.

Summarily, the time and resources I invested in learning how to prepare these reports were

really worthwhile because at the latter end of my industrial training at this site, I was the only one

available in the quantity surveying department to assist the project QS. Because of this, I had the

opportunity to prepare all these reports for about two and a half months. This opportunity really

helped me to improve on my Microsoft Excel usage skills and at the same time helped me to be

conversant with ways in which these types of reports can be prepared to suite any particular project.

 Reconciliation of quantities of aggregates brought to site with the actual quantities

measured on site.

The different types of aggregates that are often delivered to this site are; granite, stone dust,

sharp sand, plaster sand and hard-core. Both granite and stone dust are used for producing concrete

of any specified mix while the plaster sand is used for producing mortar used for plastering. Granite,

stone dust and hard-core are products of the quarry (a place where rocks are transformed into

fragments of different sizes) while both sharp sand and plaster sand are usually sourced locally from

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 14

river beds. Whenever a trip of granite or stone dust is loaded from the quarry, the gross weight, net

weight and the tons loaded will all be shown on the delivery slip/waybill.

Using a typical delivery slip shown in figure 6 in the appendices section as a perfect example;

 Gross Weight = the weight of the truck + loaded stone dust = 37400kg

 Net Weight = the weight of the truck = 15510kg

 Tons Loaded = Gross weight – Net weight = (37400 – 15510)kg = 21890kg

The above illustration shows that 21890kg is the weight of stone dust loaded directly form the

quarry but when it gets to site another process of measurement will be done on the loaded stone dust

in order to reconcile the weight loaded from the quarry with that obtained on the site using the steps

illustrated below;

Step 1: An operative (usually the storekeeper on this site) will climb the truck in order to measure

three different depths of the loaded aggregate. This is done by dipping a long iron rod in three

different locations in the aggregate. The measured depth will then be written clearly on the delivery

slip. It is shown at the top-left corner of figure 6.

Step 2: The delivery slip, which now has the tree different depths on it, will now be taken to the

Quantity Surveying department for further calculations to be carried out.

Step 3: As shown in figure 6, the three measured depths will be added, their average will be obtained

and then multiplied with the length and width of the truck’s bucket to give the total volume of

aggregate loaded. Using the same figures shown in the given delivery slip as an example, the site

weight will be obtained as follows;

1.23 + 1.43 + 1.10 = 3.76 (the three measured depths and their sum)

3.76 / 3 = 1.25 (average depth)

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 15

 1.25 x 2.25 x 5.04 = 14.21 (volume of loaded aggregate obtained after multiplying the

average depth with the length & width of the truck’s bucket)

14.21 x 1.5 = 21.32 Tons (site weight obtained after multiplying the aggregate’s volume

with its density)

21.32 tons or 21320kg is the new weight obtained on site and necessary payment will be

made based on this new weight. This same method is used when treating other aggregates like

granite, sharp sand and plaster sand but the exception to this method is the hard-core. Payment for

hard-core is made based on the weight loaded directly from the quarry since it is not easy to obtain

the depths of loaded hard-core like other aggregates. As used on this site, the density used when

treating stone dust, sharp sand and plaster sand is 1.50kg/m3, for granite 1.60kg/m3 is used while

1.70kg/m3 is used when volume of hard-core is to be converted to its weight equivalence.

 Interim valuation for sub-contracted works.

Throughout the time I used on industrial training, various sub-contractors were engaged by

Arbico PLC to carry out various forms of specialist jobs. Some of the sub-contractors engaged are

specialist in structural steel works, painting, felting, tilling, treatment of walls & floors in order to

get rid of water seepage and lots more. To facilitate the payment of these sub-contractors, a periodic

process known as interim valuation is always carried out. On this site, preparation of interim

valuation is solely restricted to the project quantity surveyor but that has not stopped me from

learning more about the process. Through my understudying of the various interim valuations that

have been prepared, I have been able to build on what I was taught in the classroom and also identify

some disparities between the way I was taught in the classroom and how it is being done practically

on site.

Figure 7 in the appendices section of this report is a typical interim valuation prepared for a

particular sub-contractor responsible for laying bituminous felt to a tank base at a section of the site.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 16

As a result of my constant studying of the prepared interim valuations, I was able to understand that

retentions are usually removed on every gross amount in every valuation and that the total retention

will be that removed from the gross amount of the last valuation.

 Measurement and preparation of B.O.Q for civil engineering and building works

Several number of designs were given to me to study, measure (take-off) and prepare their bill

of quantities throughout my stay at quantity surveying department of this site. This provided me

with the opportunity to acquaint myself with diverse civil engineering and building designs and to

learn from the site quantity surveyors. I learnt on a particular day that it is safer cost wise to measure

bulk excavation for columns close to each other within an area or a straight line than individually

measuring the volume of their pits. This was after I have measured their pit excavation individually

without considering that it is not practically feasible and not cost saving. I was also able to develop

a template on Microsoft Excel, which I used whenever I want to take-off the quantities of any given

design. Figure 8 in the appendices section shows the template I developed.

 Preparation of materials schedule

It is the duty of the quantity-surveying department to provide the quantities of various materials

needed on site for construction activities. This is important mainly because of materials requisition

purposes. After we might have obtained the quantity of a particular work through taking-off, we

then proceed to calculate the quantities of various materials needed for the work. This task has given

me the opportunity to improve on my material schedule preparation skills as well as understanding

various materials output.

3.1.2 On-site Construction Works

The privilege and opportunity to witness several real life civil engineering and building

construction works is another very important aspect of my industrial training at the NBC Asejire site

of Arbico PLC. On this site, I had the opportunity to witness the construction of several reinforced

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 17

concrete pavements technically called hardstand, drains, retaining walls, structural steel works,

plumbing works and building construction works. These various civil engineering and building

construction works have really broadened my understanding of construction and have enhanced my

visualisation of construction as a student of quantity surveying.

Some of these construction works are explained in details below:

 Construction of reinforced concrete pavements (technically called Hardstand)

Construction of hardstands, which are reinforced concrete pavements finished smoothly on the

surface by a power-floating machine, is the most reoccurring construction work I witnessed on this

site. This form of construction happens almost on all the days I used on this site. The hardstands are

being constructed to serve as access road for the various trucks and pedestrians coming in and out

of the Coca-Cola plant. Assuming earthworks (cutting and filling) has been completed and the

necessary levels have been given by the land surveyors, the steps and processes involved in the

construction of this reinforced concrete pavement are stated below:

Step 1: Filling with 150mm thick hard-core

Step 2: 50mm thick sharp sand will then be spread on the hard-core. Figure 9 in the appendices

section illustrates both step 1 & 2.

Step 3: A hard drum roller will then be used to compact both the hard-core and sharp sand to

achieve a levelled surface.

Step 4: D.P.M nylon will be laid on the compacted area to prevent rising of damp later in the

future.

Step 5: The appropriate quantity of concrete with 1:4:8 mix ratio will be poured on the D.P.M

nylon to a thickness of 50mm to serve as blinding. Step 4 & 5 are both shown in figure

10 in the appendices section

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 18

 Step 6: When the poured blinding has attained the required dryness, the carpenter will commence

their work by erecting formwork to the sides of the hardstand.

Step 7: After the formwork is in place, the iron benders will now lay both the bottom and top

reinforcement mats of 10mm diameter bars in the hardstand panel. Both steps 6 & 7 are

shown in figure 11 in the appendices section.

Step 8: The appropriate volume of structural concrete of mix ratio 1:1.4:2.3 will now be poured

into the panel, vibrated using a concrete vibrator and then levelled by the masons using

their range and trowel. Figure 12 in the appendices section shows this step.

Step 9: This is the very last step of constructing a hardstand panel and it is the smoothening of

the concrete surface with a power-floating machine after a smoothening chemical has

been applied on the semi-dried concrete surface. The power-floating action and the

chemical usually applied are shown in figure 13 in the appendices section.

This hardstand construction offered me the opportunity to witness and relate with the practical

application of what I was thought in a civil engineering measurement class. On a particular day in

the civil engineering measurement class, we were taught that in road works (of which hardstand

construction is an example), filling moves from large aggregates to smaller ones (upward movement)

while in building works, filling moves from smaller aggregates first to larger ones. I have been able

to ascertain this fact on site through the construction of this rigid form of pavement where hard-core

is filled before sharp sand comes on it.

 Construction of drains

Construction of drains were also prominent throughout my stay on this site. These drains are

being constructed to enable the movement of wastewater from various sections of the Coca-Cola

plant to the outer drain leading to a stream. Some drains were constructed in line with the hardstands

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 19

while some were constructed separately. Example of drains constructed separately are those

constructed using concrete rings of various sizes as means by which wastewater moves from one

destination to the other. These drains constructed in line with hardstand construction are constructed

in such a way that the top surface of their wall when completed will be on the same level with the

finished hardstand. In constructing those drains constructed simultaneously with hardstand,

excavation of the trench is the first step, which is then followed by levelling and compacting.

Blinding, fixing of drain reinforcement, erecting formwork to drain base, casting concrete in drain

base, erecting formwork to drain walls, casting concrete in drain walls, fixing of angle iron to upper

parts of drain walls, covering of drain with specified steel cover are all other steps involved in

constructing this type of drain in the stated order. Figures 14, 15 and 16 in the appendices section

illustrate the steps involve in the construction of this type of drain.

The other dimension of drain construction on this site as earlier mentioned are those constructed

using concrete rings of various sizes. Depending on the quantity of wastewater that will be passing

through them, varying sizes of concrete rings ranging from 600mm, 900mm and 1200mm diameter

are usually used. The construction methodology of this type of drain are: filling with hard-core where

necessary, filling with 50mm thick sharp sand, blinding surface of sharp sand with 50mm thick

concrete of appropriate mix, putting the drain reinforcement in place, erection of formwork to drain

base, casting concrete in drain base, arranging concrete rings on drain base, erecting formwork to

both sides of the rings and lastly casting concrete in voids beside concrete rings. These given steps

are for concrete ring drains whose top surface will not be covered, that is, a little part of the concrete

ring will still be visible at the top. Where the whole ring will be casted in concrete, the above given

steps will continue with putting in place reinforcement for ring capping, erecting formwork to sides

of ring capping and then casting concrete in ring capping. When these three steps are done, the

concrete rings will not be visible. Figures 17, 18 and 19 in the appendices sections shows the various

dimensions of this type of drain construction.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 20

  Construction of retaining walls

According to Merriam Webster dictionary, retaining walls are walls built to resist lateral pressure

other than wind pressure; especially: one to prevent an earth slide. Due to the terrain of this site,

retaining wall are being constructed at various locations of the site where they are required. These

walls constructed mainly to hold back earth pressure are usually constructed in panels of 6m length.

A polystyrene material is always used to separate the panels of these retaining walls from one

another and this is so in order to be able to individually maintain or make corrective adjustments to

defective panels. Throughout my stay on this site, construction of retaining wall is a major activity

that brings a huge increase to the value of works executed on site. This is so because of the huge

quantity of reinforcement and concrete involved in this form of construction.

On this site, 32mm and 16mm diameter bars are usually erected side by side as the main

reinforcement of the retaining walls while 12mm diameter bar serves as the runner. For the

construction of the retaining wall base, 32mm, 25mm, 16mm and 12mm diameter bars are the bulk

of reinforcement used. In constructing these earth retaining walls, excavation for the retaining wall

base is the first step, which is then followed by levelling and compacting. Blinding with 50mm thick

concrete of appropriate mix ratio, setting out the extent of the retaining wall base, erecting formwork

for the retaining wall base, fixing the retaining wall base reinforcement as well as starter bars for the

retaining wall and then casting of concrete in the retaining wall base are all the other steps involved

in the retaining wall base construction. When the retaining wall base has been constructed, kickers

as shown in figure 20 in the appendices section will now be put in place to indicate the region of the

retaining wall and to ensure the carpenters accurately erect the retaining wall formwork.

To construct the retaining wall when its base is already in place, the iron benders will have to

lap the retaining wall reinforcement with the starter bar after which the carpenters will erect

formworks to the retaining wall. When these are done, concrete can now come into the retaining

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 21

wall. Figure 21 in the appendices section shows some of the basic components of a retaining wall

with more details.

 Structural steel works

At some sections of this site, structural steel works were executed and this gave me the

opportunity to learn more on this aspect of construction. These structural steel works were handled

by a sub-contractor to Arbico PLC that specialises in this aspect of construction. The real life

execution of these works has enabled me to build on certain things I have learnt in the classroom

and at the same time learn new things. I was also able to develop my competency in studying and

accurately interpreting structural steel designs because there were quiet a number of them that I took

time to study and likewise ask questions concerning some confusing parts from engineers in charge.

Figures 22 in the appendices section shows some structural steel roof members while figure 23

illustrates the methodology of connecting two universal column together.

 Plumbing works

In line with the various civil engineering works that were executed on site, quite a number of

plumbing works were also carried out. These plumbing works comprise construction of manholes

with concrete rings where blockages in pipes can be inspected and corrected and construction of

agricultural drain which is a slotted/perforated PVC pipe placed into a trench that is backfilled with

rocks or sand to enable ground water or surface water that seeps into the trench falls through the

rocks and therefore carried away by the slotted PVC pipe. The main essence of these agricultural

drains is to prevent the foundations of buildings from being affected by water seeping into the ground

especially if the house is built in areas prone to high seepage of water. It is also important to wrap

the agricultural drain pipes with geofabrics/geotextiles in order to keep silt out of the soakage drain

and pipe. A manhole being constructed before the construction of hardstand can commence in that

area is shown in figure 24 in the appendices section.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 22

  Building construction works

Apart from the civil engineering works, some building construction works were also executed

during my stay on site. In executing these building works, 225mm thick stone dust made blocks

filled with weak concrete are usually used in order to make the walls strong and able to withstand

external forces. In line with these building works, I also witnessed construction of perimeter fence

with concrete coping as well as plastering/rendering works to block wall. Visual illustration of some

of these building works are shown by figures 25 & 26 in the appendices section.

3.1.3 Construction Related Health Safety and Environment (HSE) Practices

Health Safety and Environment (HSE) practices are highly regarded on this site and are

usually the first point of call before any activity can be carried out on site. The Hybrid group, which

is a Health Safety and Environment organisation, are responsible for taking care of all safety matters

on all Coca-Cola plant and the Asejire plant is not an exemption. Safety officers of all contractors

on site are required to report directly to the Hybrid group concerning safety matters on site. To

expatiate on the fact that safety is the first point of call before any activity can be carried out on site,

the some of the applicable scenarios are stated:

 All operative or anyone coming to the site to carry out one activity or the other must undergo

a medical test and thereafter submit the medical test certificate when being inducted into the

site by the Hybrid group.

 Anyone on site must put on all Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required for the job

he/she is doing.

 No operation can be allowed to proceed on site except approved permits are collected and

duly signed by operatives involved in the work.

 On a daily basis, it is required of every plant and equipment operator to fill a checklist made

purposely for the plant after he might have checked for all faults in the machine.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 23

 These points prove the slogan which say ‘Safety First, Safety Always’ and therefore shows that

safety is the first point of call on this site.

Throughout my stay on this site, I was able to learn a lot of things in relation to construction

health and safety practices. The various lessons I learnt through this safety concept are explained

below:

 I was introduced to the concept of Toolbox Talk which is an informal safety meeting that

focuses on safety topics related to the specific job, such as workplace hazards and safe work

practices. These meetings are normally short in duration and are generally conducted at the

job site prior to the commencement of a job or work shift. On the NBC Asejire site, individual

contractor conducts their Toolbox Talk prior to commencement of work while the Hybrid

Group usually conduct a general Toolbox Talk for all contractors on site every Tuesday.

Figure 27 in the appendices section shows a cross-section of workers on site in a Toolbox

Talk organised by the Hybrid group.

 Through the various topics that were discussed on a daily basis in the Toolbox Talk, I was

able to deduce that Behavioural Based Safety (BBS) is the most important aspect of safety

while Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) compliance is the last point of call in the safety

hierarchy. A site operative whose behaviour and attitude to work is safety compliant will be

free from accidents and hazards but an operative whose behaviour is not safety compliant

even though he puts on the right PPE is highly prone to accidents and hazards while carrying

out his job. Personal Protective Equipment are required to protect operatives from accidents

after all other options have been exhausted. This is why PPE are regarded as the last point of

call in the safety hierarchy.

 Identification of different Personal Protective Equipment and their various uses is another

thing I learnt as regards safety on this site. Apart from the common Hardhat (helmet),

reflective jacket and safety boot, I was exposed to new personal protective gears used for

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 24

 various construction purposes. Some of this Personal Protective Equipment are: Face visor

(used by welders), mason googles, fire resistant apron used for hot-works, hand gloves

serving various purposes and so on. Concerning Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), I

learnt most importantly that their compatibility to the operation or work to be executed is the

most important things. When the wrong PPE are used for a particular job, it is more or less

like no PPE is used thereby exposing the operative to accidents.

Around the end of my industrial training on this site, I was introduced to two online Health

Safety and Environment courses by one of the site’s safety officers, which also helped in building

on my health and safety knowledge. These courses were conducted online by the National Health

Care Provider Solution (NHCPS) and I enrolled for two of their courses, which are the CPR

(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation), AED (Automatic External Defibrillator), and First Aid

certification course & the BLS (Basic Life Support) certification course. These courses offered me

the opportunity to learn basic real life approaches to safe and render first aid to an unconscious

person or an accident victim. The certificates given to me after completing these courses online are

shown in figures 28 and 29 in the appendices section.

3.1.4 Other Construction Related and Non-Construction Related Experience Gained.

In addition to the experiences discussed above which I gained during my industrial training

period at the NBC Asejire site of Arbico PLC, there are also some others that I have categorised as

being construction related and non-construction related. The additional construction related

experiences I used my industrial training period to garner is the knowledge & skill of using the

AutoCAD design software and the understanding of the operations and usefulness of various

construction plants & equipment. During this period, I effectively utilized several YouTube training

videos as means of learning the basics and rudiments of this software. Through constant practise and

continuous learning, I can now effectively use the AutoCAD software to design building plans and

elevations. I was also able to discover how the AutoCAD software can be used by quantity surveyors

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 25

to measure directly from CAD drawings. In measuring the surface area of the concrete ring capping

shown in figure 19, I made use of this technique after which I only have to multiply the surface area

obtained with the length casted in order to get the total volume of concrete in the ring capping. On

this site, I was also exposed to various construction plants and equipment that I have never come

across before. My experience on this site made me understand their uses and the various situations

where they can be used. The Batching plant – a concrete production plant was a notable plant I learnt

a lot about. Through my visit to this plant on a particular day, I was able to learn and understand the

basics of operating the machine as well as the usefulness of several component/part of this plant.

The batching plant used on this site is shown in figure 30 in the appendices section having some of

its main component parts identified.

As regards the non-construction related experiences I gained during my period of industrial

training, relational experience is noteworthy. The opportunity to relate with various people on site

has groomed me on how to relate rightly with different class of people in the society. I learnt how

to effectively communicate and relate with site operatives (artisans & labourers) and thereby

learning from them. I was also able to learn a lot from the senior construction professionals I met on

this site through my discussion with them. Administrative experience is another experience I gained

during the period of my industrial training not directly related to on-site construction. My closeness

to the site administrator gave me the opportunity to see and learn how the administrative aspects of

the site are taken care of. I sometimes help in carrying out some basic administrative tasks when not

busy.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 26

 CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 CONCLUSION, CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1.1 Conclusion

The experiences I gained and lessons I learnt during my industrial training period at the NBC

Asejire site of Arbico PLC have in many ways broaden my understanding of construction and

quantity surveying practices, thereby making me a better student of quantity surveying and

ultimately groomed for the professional future that lies ahead. This period was indeed an avenue of

improving on all theoretical knowledge accumulated over the years in the classroom and an avenue

of learning how to put them into practical use in the industry. However, these classroom experiences

made it easy for me to promptly understand everything being done in the industry.

Above all, my time at the NBC Asejire site of Arbico PLC was worthwhile and extremely

benefitting to my professional development.

4.1.2 Challenges

The major challenge I encountered during the period of my industrial training on this site

was a sudden increase in my workload around the latter end on my training. Around this time, one

of the site assistant quantity surveyor got a better job opportunity while the other had to leave the

site in order to participate in the mandatory National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) program. This

made the bulk of the office work being carried out by these people transferred to me. Aside the stress

this brought, I was excited the opportunity came because I was able to test my expertise on various

tasks and improve on some others. Above all, learning was made exciting due to the support I

received from various people on site.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 27

4.1.3 Recommendation

To the Students:

 Students must ensure they put all their attention and focus in what they are in the industry to

gain which is the on-the-job practical experience. They should have it at the back of their

mind that knowledge comes first before money follows.

 Students should ensure they are of their best behaviour both on site and in the office. Good

inter-personal relationship is a very important key for one’s carrier development.

 Students must also make sure they give prompt attention to what they are being taught in

classrooms, as this will form the foundation upon which they will build in the industry.

To the Employers:

 Employers should ensure they give the right attention to students on training and at the same

time make sure the core practices of the profession are exposed to them.

 In any way within their capability, employers should try to encourage students being trained

in their organisation with their token.

To the Institution:

 Institutions and departments most importantly should assist students in securing placement

for their industrial training.

 There should be improvements to the supervision of students on industrial training in order

to be able to monitor their performances adequately.

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 28

 APPENDICES

Figure 1: Daily report on excel worksheet I

Figure 2: Daily report on excel worksheet II

Figure 3: Weekly report on Microsoft excel worksheet I

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 29

 Figure 4: Weekly report on Microsoft excel worksheet
II

Figure 5: Weekly projection report on Microsoft excel worksheet

Figure 6: Delivery Slip / Waybill

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 30

 Figure 7: Typical interim valuation prepared for a sub-contractor

Figure 8: Template designed for taking-off quantities from designs

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 31

 Figure 9: Hard-core and sharp sand filling to a hardstand construction

Figure 10: Illustration of D.P.M nylon and 50mm thick concrete blinding to a hardstand panel

Figure 11: Illustration of formwork, reinforcement mats, hunch bend and concrete cover in a hardstand panel

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 32

Figure 12: A mason adjusting concrete poured in the hardstand panel with his hand trowel and range

POWER-FLOATING CHEMICAL

Figure 13: A power-floating machine in use and the power-floating chemical

Figure 14: Typical drain reinforcement Figure 15: Illustration of angle iron and drain steel covers

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 33

 Figure 16: Illustration of concrete in drain base and wall, drain reinforcement and drain wall formwork

Figure 17: Concrete ring drain with top left uncovered.

Figure 18: Concrete ring drain awaiting concrete in voids beside rings and capping

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 34

Figure 19: Concrete ring drain with concrete capping

Figure 20: Illustration of kicker and polystyrene

Figure 21: Retaining wall in details

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 35

Figure 22: Illustration of structural steel members

Figure 23: Splicing connection of two universal columns

Figure 24: Construction of manhole

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 36

Figure 25: Construction of perimeter fence

Figure 26: Construction of a building with 225mm thick blocks made with stone dust

Figure 27: Cross section of workers at a Toolbox Talk

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 37

 Figure 28: CPR, AED and First Aid Certification Course certificate

Figure 29: BLS – Basic Life Support Certification Course certificate

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 38

Figure 30: A batching plant and its basic component parts

ADEPOJU, VICTOR FEMI – QTS/2014/006 39