Heat Loss Calculation Guide

BELL & GOSSETT
BULLETIN NO. TEH-964

Heat Loss Calculation Guide

()

Price $7.50

©COPYRIGHT 1967 BY ITT CORPORATION

FLUID HANDLING ITT

TRAINING & EDUCATION DEPT.

INDEX

\

PAGE

Index . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

Introduction. . • . . • . • • • 2

Heat Loss Calculations ...•. 3-5

Air Spaces and Surfaces (Resistance). 6

Conductivities (K), Conductances (C) and Resistance (R) of Building

and Ins ulating Material. • . • • • . • • • • . . • • . . . • . . . • . • . • . • . . 7 - 9

TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT (U)

Design Temperatures and Average Wind Velocities Recommendations for Fire Places, Basements, Crawl Spaces, Bath Rooms and Jalousie Windows ..•...•.•.•.••

Problem No. 1 - Heat Loss Two Story House •••

Problem No. 2 - Heat Loss Cement Slab House.

10 -12
12
13-16
17-19
20 )
21
22-23
23
24
24
25
26
26
27
28
28
29
30
31-32
33
34-45
46-51 Wood Walls .. Stucco Walls. B rick Walls. Stone Walls •. Tile Walls ..

Poured Concrete Wall. Hollow Concrete Block Walls Masonry Partitions ..

Frame Partitions.. • •••• Roofs (Pitched) ....•••. Roofs (Flat) ..••

Roofs and Ceilings (Frame)

Combined Pitched Roofs and Horizontal Ceiling •• Flat Roofs (B uilt-up) with no Ceiling .•...• Concrete Construction Floors and Ceilings .... Edge Loss Concrete Floors at Grade Level. ••.• Doors, Windows, Skylights and Glass Block Walls. Infiltration, Walls and Windows ....•.•...•..

1

INTRODUCTION

e

,

Heat Loss Calculatiuns by the BTU method is an accurate process of determining the heat transmission through building materials. The established IIU" factors for combinations of building materials gives a simple corrected method of determining the loss of heat from a building.

This book is written for the use of determining heat loss on residential and small buildings. On larger constructions, where air changes and local code requirements must be met, added infurmation may be needed.

With the a must. the long factor.

cost of material continually rising, accurate heat loss is Systems can be designed to do the job efficiently without used Safety Factor. The safety factor is only a "cost more"

The accuracy of the heat loss determines the size and cost of each type of material used. The design of any system begins with the heat loss.

Many so called fast or slide rule methods are always on the heavy side so that mistakes can not be made. Actual calculation will give the correct heat loss.

This bulletin has included all the coefficients of Heat transfer required for residential buildings. An example problem is worked out with description of how to use the Heat Loss Calculation Form.

TABLES

Reprinted from ASH RAE GUIDE AND DATA BOOK 1963 by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Alr-Conditlonlng Engineers, Inc.

2

HEAT LOSS CALCULATION

One of the most important items in designing a heating system is to calculate an accurate heat loss. We recommend the BTU method as the most accurate.

Heat always moves from a warm body to a cold body. So, the heat inside of a house moves from the warmer space to the colder outside space, by transmission, through walls, windows, ceilings, etc. Also, we have infiltration which is the colder outside air filtering into the house through window and door cracks or openings.

The heat loss from a house depends on bUilding construction, velocity of prevailing winds and outdoor temperature.

An accurate heat loss is determined by getting the area of all outside walls, windows, ceilings and then by knowing how many BTU's are lost through these areas and also how much is lost by infiltration. We can replace this heat loss with room heat emission units.

To determine how much heat is lost through these cold outside areas we have "U" factors for different types of construction. A "U" factor tells us how many BTU's are transmitted to the colder outside for one square foot of area with a difference of one degree between the inside surface and outside surface of the outside wall, windows, roofs or ceilings.

For infiltration, we have a table showing how many cubic feet of outside air infiltrates with different style windows and at different wind velocities.

)

Using the Bell and Gossett Heating Calculation Sheet the following steps are used:

(a) Note on work sheet - Building Construction, Temperature difference - Job location, etc.

(b) Give a room name to each of the columns across the work sheet. There are eight columns.

(c) Fill in the room "Dimensions" for each room.

(d) Enter "Running Feet of Outside Exposed Wall" for each room. (including closets) .

(e) Enter "Ceiling Height" for each room.

(f) Enter for each room "Gross Area Exposed Wall" which is "Running Feet of Exposed Wall" multiplied by ceiling height.

(g) Find the "U" factors for the particular constructions from the "Heat Transmission" tables and enter these in the "Factor" column after "Windows and Doors Square Feet of Glass", "Net Wall", "Cold Ceiling". As the "U" factors are for only one degree temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the house they must be multiplied by the design temperature difference and the result placed in the "Multiplier" column after "Windows", "Walls" and "Ceiling".

-,

.J

3


(h) Infiltration. Table 34 gives the cubic feet of air infiltration per hour, at different wind velocities, for various window types and installations. The pruper factor for each is entered in the Infiltration Factor Column.

Factor x TD x .018 = Multiplier which is entered in the "Multiplier" Column.

Factor - from Tdble 34.

TD = Design temperature difference .

. 018 = BTU to raise one cubic foot of air one degree per hour.

(L) In the "Area or Crack" columns, for each room, after "Windows and Doors" enter the square foot areas of the windows and outside doors for each room. Multiply these by the "Multiplier" and arrive at the BTUH heat loss for outside doors and windows for each room and enter these in the BTUH columns.

(j) Enter "Net Wall" for each room in the "Area or Crack" column. This is "Gross Wall" minus "Windows and Doors". Multiply this by the "Hu l t i p l.Le r " and enter in the "BTUH" column for each room.

•

(k) "Cold Ceiling" is the ceiling area of rooms which have unheated space, such as an attic above them. Enter the ceiling areas of these rooms, including closets, in the "Ar e a or Cr ack" column for each room. Multiply this figure by the IIMul tiplier" and enter the resul t in the BTUH column for each room.

(1) "Infiltration - Foot of Crack". The amount of crack used for computation should not be less than half of the total crack in the outside walls of the room. In the rOOm with one exposed wall take all the crack; with two exposed walls, take the wall having the most crack; with three or four exposed walls, take the wall having the most crack; but never take less than half of the total crack.

Enter the proper feet of crack in the "Area or Crack" column for each room and multiply this by the "Multiplier" and enter the result in the IIBTUH11 column for each room.

(m) Adding the "BTUH" column for each room gives the heat loss for each room.

Adding the heat loss of all of the rooms gives the total heat loss of the house.

The problems, with floor plans, will explain the procedure in detail.

4


Coefficient Definitions

1. "U" - Coefficient of Heat Transmission (Over-all): The amount of heat (Btu) transmitted from air to air in one hour per square foot of the wall, floor, roof, or ceiling for a difference in temperature of one degree Fahrenheit between the air on the inside and outside of the wall, floor, roof or ceiling.

2. "K" - Conductivity: The amount of heat (Btu) transmitted in one hour through one square foot of a homogeneous material one inch thick for a difference in temperature of one degree Fahrenheit between the two surfaces of the material.

3. "C" - Conductance: The amount of heat (Btu) transmitted from surface to surface, in one hour through one square foot of a material or construction for a difference in temperature of one degree Fahrenheit between the two surfaces. This is not per inch of thickness, but for thickness shown.

4. fo - Outside film coefficient: The outside combined surface loss due to radiation and convection with a 15 MPH wind. The amount of heat (Btu) per hour for one square foot of surface for a temperature difference of one degree Fahrenheit.

5. fi - Inside film coefficient: The combined inside surface loss due to radiation and convection, with still air. The amount of heat (Btu) per hour for one square foot of surface for a temperature difference of one degree Fahrenheit.

6. a - Thermal conductance of an air space: This is Btu per hour for one square foot of surface for a temperature difference of one degree Fahrenheit.

7. R - Resistance: This is the reciprocal of conductivity and conductance, or the over-all heat coefficient "U".

The total resistance "R" to heat flow through a wall is equal numerically to the sum of the resistance in series.

R

1 U

R

1 C

R

1

R

1 f

a

U 1

R

)

5

RESISTANCE OF AIR SPACES AND SURFACES

RESISTANCE (R) PER SQUARE FOOT PER DEGREE (F) TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE

TABLE 1

AIR SPACES

rBOUNDED BY ORDINARY MATERIALS IBOUNDED BY REFLECTIVE MATERIALS

VERTICAL 3/4"-4" IN WIDTH

2.17

VERTICAL 3/4"-4" IN WIDTH

.97

•

SURFACES

STILL AIR, ORDINARY MATERIALS VERTICAL .68
15 MPH WIND, ORDINARY MATERIALS VERTICAL .17 6

Design Heat Transmission Coefficients

Table 2 •••• Conductivities (k), Conductances (e), and Resistances (R) of Building and Insulating Materials (Design Values)a

The .. cOII""nl. a,. exp,....d In Blu per (hourI ("lua,. '0011 (Fah,."".il de;," lemperalu,. di",,.ncel. Conducfi.,ilie. (kl are per Inch thick,.. .. and. I'

conducfance. (CI a,. 'or Ihlck,.. .. or conrlrucfion ria led nol per Inch Ihickn." 1

.
Oen.ity Mean Conduc- Conduct- lter/rlance" (II)
Moferlol Darer/pilon remp II.,ity once Per inch For Ihick-
(Lb per
Cu Fljb F (k) (C) "'ick,.." ne .. /illed
(J /kl (J /C)
BUILDING BOARI)I Asbestoa-cement board ...................... 120 75 4.0 - 0.£5 -
BOARDS, PANE~ Asbeatoe-cement board ................ 7i in. 120 75 33. - O.OS
SHEATHING, ETC. Gypsum or plaster board .............. Va in. 50 75 - 3.10 - 0.3$
¥?i~~d ~~ .~~~.r. ~~~~: : : : : : : : : : : : : : ~ .~: . 50 75 - 2.25 - 0.45
34 75 0.80 - 1.f5 -
Plywood ............................ ~ in. 34 75 - 3.20 - O.Sl
Plywood ............................ Va in. 34 75 - 2.12 - 0.47
Plywood ............................ ~ in. 34 75 - 1.60 - 0.63
Plywood ............................ % in. 34 75 - 1.33 - 0.78
Plywood ............................ U in. - 75 - 1.07 - 0.94
Sheathing (impreg. or coated) ................ 20.0 75 0.38 - f.63 -
Sheathing (impreg. or coated) .......... ~ in. 20.0 75 - 0.76 - 1.3t
Sheathing (impreg. or coated) ......... 14/., in. 20.0 75 - 0.49 - t.06
Wood fiber board laminated or homogeneous 33 75 0.55 - 1.8t -
Wood fiber-hardboard type ................. 65 75 lAO - 0.7t -
Wood fiber-hardboard type ........... ~ in. 65 75 - 5.60 - 0.18
BUILDING PAPER Vapor-permeable Celt ...................... - 75 - 16.70 - 0.06
Vapor-seal, 2 layers of mopped 15 lb Celt ..... - 75 - 8.35 - o.lt
Vapor+-seal, plastic film ..................... - 75 - - - Neg.
FLOORING Carpet and fibrous pad ...................... - 75 - 0048 - t.08
MATERIALS Carrt and rubber pad ...................... - 75 - 0.81 - 1. IS
Cor tile ............................ 7i in. - 75 - 3.60 - 0.t8
Terrazzo ............................. 1 in. - 75 - 12.50 - 0.08
Tile--asphalt, linoleum, vinyl, rubber ...... , . - 76 - 20.00 - 0.05
Wood subfloor ...................... 14/31 in. - - 1.02 - 0.98
Wood, hardwood finish ................ U in. - - 1.47 - 0.68
INSULATING Cotton fiber" ............................... 0.8-2.0 75 0.26 - S.85 -
MATERIALS Mineral wool, fibrous form, processed from
BLANIft AND BATr rock, slag, or glass" ....................... 1.H.0 75 0.27 - S.70 -
Wood fiber" ................................ 3.2-3.6 75 0.25 - -r.ro -
Wood fiber, multilayer, stitched expanding" .... 1.5-2.0 75 0.27 - S.70 -
BOARD AND SLABS Cellular glasa .............................. 9 90 0.40 - t.50 -
60 0.39 - t.56 -
30 0.37 - t.70 -
0 0.35 - 1.86 -
-30 0.33 - S.OO -
-60 0.32 - S.lt -
COrkboard ................................. 6.5-8.0 90 0.28 - S.57 -
60 0.27 - S.70 -
30 0.26 - S.84 -
0 0.25 - 4·00 -
-30 0.24 - 4.17 -
-60 0.23 - 4.S5 -
12 90 0.31 - s.ee -
60 0.30 - S.SS -
30 0.29 - 3.45 -
0 0.28 - S.57 -
-30 0.27 - S.70 -
-60 0.26 - S.84 -
GIS88 fiber ................................. 9.5-11.0 75 0.25 - 4·00 -
-16 0.21 - 4.76 -
-111 0.17 - 6.88 -
Expanded rubber ........................... 4.5 0 0.21 - 4.66 -
Hog hair (with asphalt binder) ............... 8.5 75 0.33 - S.OO -
Expanded polystyrene ...................... 1.6 75 0.29 - S.45 -
70 0.28 - S.67 -
30 0.25 - 4.00 -
0 0.23 - 4.S5 -
-60 0.20 - 5.00 -
Mineral wool with resin binder ............... 15 90 0.29 - S.45 -
60 0.28 - S.67 -
30 0.27 - S.70 -
0 0.25 - 4·00 -
-30 0.24 - 4·17 -
-60 0.23 - 4.35 -
Mineral wool with asphalt binder ............. 15 60 0.31 - S.ft -
30 0.30 - S.SS -
0 0.29 - S·45 -
-30 0.27 - S.70 - t

7

•


Table 3 •••• Conductivities (Ie), Conductances (C), and Resistances (R) of Building and Insulating Materials (Continued) (Design Values)·

I lIe.isfanee' (II)
Oen,ify Mean Condue· Conduct·
Material OefCr;pfiOtt Temp fivity once Per inch For thiele.
(Lb per thicleness ness li.ted
Cu Ft)b F (Ie) (C) (I lie) (IIC)
INSULATING Wood or cane fiberboard
MATERIALS Acoustical tile! ..................... Y2 in. - 75 - 0.84 - 1.19
BOARDS AND SLABS Acoustical tile! ..................... % in. - 75 - 0.56 - 1.78
(Continued) Interior finish ~plank, tile) ................. 15 75 0.35 - 2.86 -
Interior finish plank, tile) ........... Y2 in. 15 75 - 0.70 - 1.43
Insulating Roof Deck
Approximately .................... 1 Y2 in. - 75 - 0.24 - 4·17
Approximately ...................... 2 in. - 75 - 0.18 - 5.66
W ~!~b;~dd!:n~~~~~t~d .~. p.;ri~~~~d ~i:b~): . - 75 - 0.12 - 8.83
22 75 0.55 - 1.82 -
LOOSE FILL Macerated paper or pulp products ............ 2.5-3.5 i5 0.28 - 3.57 -
Mineral wool (glass, slag, or rock) ............ 2.0-5.0 90 O.:~O - 3.33 -
is 0.30 - 3.33 -
60 0.27 - 3.70 -
30 0.25 - 4.00 -
0 0.23 - 4·35 -
-30 0.20 - 5.00 -
-60 0.18 - 5.56 -
Sawdust or shavings. ....................... 0.8-15 is 0.45 - 2.22 -
Silica aerogel. ..... . . ....................... 7.6 90 0.17 - 5.88 -
60 0.16 - 6.25 -
30 0.15 - 6.76 -
U 0.15 - 6.76 -
-30 0.14 - 7.14 -
-60 0.13 - 7.69 -
Vermiculite (expanded) ..................... 7.0-8.2 90 0.48 - 2.08 -
75 0.48 - 2.08 -
60 0.46 - 2.18 -
30 0.44 - 2.27 -
0 0.42 - 2.38 -
-30 0.40 - 2.50 -
-60 0.38 - 2.63 -
Wood fiber: redwood, hemlock, or fir .......... 2.0-3.5 75 0.30 - 3.38 -
Wood fiber: redwood bark ................... 3 90 0.31 - 3.22 -
4 90 0.28 - 3.57 -
4.5 60 0.26 - 3.84 -
30 0.25 - 4.00 -
0 0.23 - 4.35 -
-30 0.12 - 4.76 -
-60 0.20 - 5.00 -
ROOF INSULATION" Preformed, for use above deck
Approximately ..................... Y2 in. - 75 - 0.72 - 1.39
Approximately .................... 1 Y2 in. - 75 - 0.24 - 4.17
Approximately .................... 2Y2 in. - 75 - 0.15 - 6.67
Apcroximately ...................... 3 in. - 75 - 0.12 - 8.S3
Cellu ar glass .............................. - 75 0.39 - 2.56 -
MASONRY g~;:~~~ber;a~~~~~~~ 87'~'%' g)'P~~~: i 2 ~ % 116 5.0 - 0.20 -
MATERIALS
CONCRETES wood chips .............................. 51 1.66 - 0.60 -
Lightweight aggregates including expanded 120 5.2 - 0.1.<1 -
shale, clay or slate; expanded slagsi cinders; 100 3.6 - 0.28 -
pumice; perlite; vermiculite; also cel ular con- 80 2.5 - 0.41') -
cretes 60 1.7 - 0.5.9 -
40 1.15 - 0.86 -
30 0.90 - 1.11 -
20 0.70 - 1.43 -
Sand and gravel or stone aggregate (oven dried) 140 9.0 - 0.11 -
Sand and gravel or stone aggregate (not dried) .. 140 12.0 - 0.08 -
Stucco .................................... 116 5.0 - 0.20 -
MASONRY UNITS Brick, common ............................. 120 75 5.0 - 0.20 -
Brick, face ................................. 130 75 9.0 - 0.11 -
Clay tile, hollow:
1 cell deep .......................... 3 in. - 75 - 1.25 - 0.80
1 cell deep .......................... 4 in. - 75 - 0.90 - 1.11
2 cells deep ......................... 6 in. - 75 - 0.66 - 1.52
2 cells deep ......................... 8 in. - 75 - 0.54 - 1.85
2 cells deep ........................ 10 in. - 75 - 0.45 - 2.22
3 cells deep ........................ 12 in. - 75 - 0.40 - 2.50 8


Table 4 •••• Conductivities (k), Conductances (C), and Resistances (R) of Building and Insulating Materials (Concluded) (Design Values)·

M.an Concluc- Conduct- lI.si"an •• • (II)
O.n';ly
T.mp tiyity anc. P.r inch For th;cle-
Material Description Ilb p.r "'iclene .. neuli.1ecI
Cu Ftlb F llel ICI lI/lel (l/C)
MASONRY UNITS Concrete blocks, three oval core: 75 1.40 0.71
(Continued) Sand and gravel aggregate ............ 4 in. - - -
............ 8m. - 75 - 0.90 - 1.11
........... 12 in. - 75 - 0.78 - 1.B8
Cinder aggregate .................... 3 in. - 75 - 1.16 - 0.86
................... .4 10. - 75 - 0.90 - 1.11
.· .................. 8 in. - 75 - 0.58 - 1.7B
................... 12 in. - 75 - 0.53 - 1.89
Lightweight aggregate (expanded sha le, ( '!n. - 75 - 0.79 - 1.B7
clay, slate or slag; pumice). . . . . . . .. 4 !n. - 75 - 0.67 - 1.50
8m. - 75 - 0.50 - B.oo
12 in. - 75 - 0.44 - B.B7
Stone, lime or sand ......................... - 75 12.50 - 0.08 -
Gypsum partition tile: 75 0.79 - 1.B6
3 X 12 X 30 in. solid ..................... - -
3 X 12 X 30 in. 4-ceU ..................... - 75 - 0.74 - 1.85
4 X 12 X 30 in. 3-cell ..................... - 75 - 0.60 - 1.67
PLASTERING Cement plaster, sand aggregate .......... '.' .. 116 75 5.0 - O.BO -
MATERIALS Sand aggregate ..................... ~ In. - 75 - 10.00 - 0.10
Sand agra:egate ..................... ~ in. - 75 - 6.66 - 0.16
Gypsum paster: 45 75 3.12 0.8e
Lightweight aggregate .............. ~ in. - -
Lightweight aggregate .............. % in. 45 75 - 2.67 - 0.S9
Lightweight agg. on metal lath. " .... ~ in. -- 75 - 2.13 - 0.47
Perlite aggregate ......................... 45 75 1.5 - 0.B7 -
Sand aggregate ........................... 105 75 5.6 - 0.18 -
Sand aggregate ..................... ~ in. 105 75 - 11.10 - 0.09
Sand aggregate ..................... % in. 105 75 - 9.10 - 0.11
Sand aggregate on metal lath ........ ~ in. - 75 - 7.70 - 0.1
Sand ag~regate on wood lath ............... - 75 - 2.50 - 0.40
Vermicu ate aggregate .................... 45 75 1.7 - 0.69 -
ROOFING Asbestos-cement ahinglee .................... 120 75 - 4.76 - o.et
Asphalt roll roofing ......................... 70 75 - 6.50 - 0.15
Asphalt shin~les ............................ 70 75 - 2.27 - 0.44
Built-up roo ng ...................... Ys in. 70 75 - 3.00 - 0.88
Slate ......................... ; ...... ~ in. - 75 - 20.00 - 0.05
Wood shingles .............................. - 75 - 1.06 - 0.94
SIDING Shi~t::tos-cement .......................... O.Bl
MATERIALS 120 75 - 4.76 -
(ON FLAT SURFACE) Wood, 16 in. 7~-in. exposure .............. - 75 - 1.15 - 0.87
Wood, double, 16-in., 12-in. er.sure ....... - 75 - 0.84 - 1.19
Wood, plus insul. backer boar ....... '/ .. in. - 75 - 0.71 - 1.40
Siding O.Bl
Asbestos-cement, ~ in., lapped ............ - 75 - 4.76 -
Asphalt roll siding ........................ - 75 - 6.50 - 0.16
Asphalt insulating siding (~ in. bd.) ........ - 75 - 0.69 - 1.45
Wood, drop, 1 X 8 in ..................... - 75 - 1.27 - 0.79
Wood, bevel, ~ X 8 in., lapped ............ - 75 - 1.23 - 0.81
Wood, bevel, ~ X 10 in., lapaed ........... - 75 - 0.95 - 1.06
Wood, rlywood, Ys in., lappe ............. - 75 - 1.59 - 0.59
Structura glass ............................ - 75 - 10.00 0.10
WOODS Maple, oak, and similar hardwoods ........... 45 75 1.10 - 0.91 -
Fir, pine, and similar softwoods .............. 32 75 0.80 - 1.B5 -
Fir, pine, and similar softwoods ....... "'/32 in. 32 75 - 1.02 - 0.98
" ..... 1% in. 32 75 - 0.49 - B.OS
....... 2%in. 32 75 - 0.30 - S.B8
'" .... 3% in. 32 75 - 0.22 - 4.55 • Representa tive values for dry materials at n F mean temperature • selected by the ASH RAE Technical Committee on Ineuletlou. 'they are intended .. design (not specification) values for materials of building construction in normal uee. For conductivity of a particular product. the user may obtain the value supplied by tho m't,nufacturer Or eeeure the results of unbiasad tests.

Air space resistanoe values shown here are for spaces Iaced both sides with ordinary nonreflective materialJ (. _ 0.90 and E _ 0.82) and are baaed on followill& conditions: Winter-50 F mean tempersture and 20 deg temperature difference. Summer-90 F mean temperature and 10 deg temperature difference except for borisontal air space with heat How downward which is baaed on 20 deg temperature difference.

~ Resistance value. are the reciprocllis of C before rounding C off to two decimal pillces.

See also Insulating Material s, Board .

• Include. paper backing and facing if .. ny. In ceeee where the insulation forma .. boundary (highly reflective Or otherwioo) of an air .pace. refer to Table 3. Sec!tions B end C. to obtain the insulating value of the air apace for the appropriate effective emiaoivity and temperature conditiolll of the lpace.

. ' Insulating values of acoustical tile vary depending on density of the board and on the type. sile. and depth of the perforationa. An averale conductivity Ie value IS 0.42.

• Tbe U" S. Department of Commerce. Simplified Practic. Rtcommend4tiDn lor Th ... mal Conduclanc .. Facloro lor Prolormed Abov&-Dtclc Rool I ..... lation. No.

R 257-55. recognizps the epecificatton of roof ineu lat ion on the basis of the C valuee sbown. Roof insulation is made in thickneaae~ to meet theee values. Therefore, thick"e .. supplied by different manufacturers may vary depending on the conductivity Ie value of the particular material.

9

HEAT TRANSMISSION TABLES

COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION

WOOD SIDING (CLAPBOARD)

25"

32 INSULATING BOARD SHEATHING, STUDS

TABLE 5

INTERIOR FINISH

"u" FACTOR

Wood lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster

1/2" insulating board, plaster Wood lath & plaster

Wood lath & plaster

Wood lath & plaster

Metal lath & plaster



Gypsum lath, plastered

Gypsum lath & plaster



INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS

None None None

1" blanket

2" blanket 3-5/8" rock wool 1" blanket

2" blanket 3-5/8" rock wool None

1" blanket

2" blanket 3-5/8" rock wool

.19 .20 .15 .11 .09 .07 .12 .09 .07 .19 .11 .09 .07

•

WOOD SIDING (CLAPBOARD)

2511

32 WOOD SHEATHING, STUDS

TABLE 6

INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS "u" FACTOR
Wood lath & plaster None .25
Metal lath & plaster None .26
1/211 insulating board, plaster None .19
Wood lath & plaster 111 blanket .13
Wood lath & plaster 2" blanket .10
Wood lath & plaster 3-5/8" rock wool .08
Metal lath & plaster 1" blanket .l3
Metal lath & plaster 2" blanket .10
Metal lath & plaster 3-5/8" rock wool .08
Gypsum lath, plastered None .25
Gypsum lath, plastered 1" blanket .l3
Gypsum lath, plastered 211 blanket .10
0 Gypsum lath, plastered 3-5/811 rock wool .08 10



WOOD SHINGLES SIDING,

25"


TABLE 7

INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS "U" FACTOR
1/2" insulating board, plastered None .13
Gypsum lath & plaster 1" blanket .10
Gypsum lath & plaster 3-5/8" rock wool .06
Gypsum lath & plaster None .16 WOOD SHINGLES

25"


TABLE 8

INTERIOR FINISH

INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS "U" FACTOR
None .25
None .26
plastered None .19
None .25
I" blanket .13
2" blanket .10
3-5/8" rock wool .08
1" blanket .13
2" blanket .10
3-5/8" rock wool .08
1" blanket .13
2" blanket .10
3-5/8" rock wool .08 Wood lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster 1/2" insulating board, Gypsum lath, plastered Wood lath & plaster Wood lath & plaster Wood lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster Gypsum lath & plaster Gypsum lath & plaster Gypsum lath & plaster

11



STUCCO EXTERIOR

2511


TABLE 9

INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS IIUII FACTOR
Wood lath & plas ter None .22
1/211 insulating board, plastered None .17
Wood lath & plaster 3-5/811 rock wool .07
Gypsum lath & plaster 3-5/8" rock wool .07 •

STUCCO EXTERIOR

2511


TABLE 10

INTERIOR FINISH

IIU" FACTOR

Wood lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster

1/2" insulating board, plastered Gypsum lath, plastered

Wood lath & plaster

Wood lath & plaster

Wood lath & plaster








None None None None

111 blanket

211 blanket 3-5/8" rock wool 111 blanket

211 blanket 3-5/8" rock wool I" blanket

211 blanket 3-5/811 rock wool

.30 .32 .22 .30 .14 .10 .08 .15 .10 .08 .14 .10 .08

12



MASONRY WALLS

SOLID BRICK

TABLE 11

THICKNESS "u"
OF BRICK INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION FACTOR
8" None None .50
8" Plaster on brick None .46
8" Metal lath, plaster, furred None .32
8" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred None .30
8" 1/2" insulating board, furred None .22
811 1/2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .22
811 Gypsum lath, furred, plaster 1" blanket .14
1211 None None .36
1211 Plaster on brick None .34
12 " Metal lath, plaster, furred None .25
1211 Gypsum lath, plaster, furred None .24
12" 1/ 2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .19
12" Gypsum lath, furred, plaster 1" blanket .13
16" None None .28
1611 Plaster on brick None .27
1611 1/ 2" insulating board, furred None . 17
1611 1/211 insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .16
1611 Gypsum lath, furred, plaster 111 blanket .12 13

•



4" BRICK VENEER MASONRY WALLS

TABLE 12

"u"
BACKING INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION FACTOR
8" concrete None None .44
blocks Plaster on block None .41
gravel Metal lath, plaster, furred None .29
aggregate Gypsum lath, plaster, furred None .28
1/2" insulating board, furred None .21
1/2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .21
Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 1" blanket .14
cinder Metal lath, plaster, furred None · 2::>
light Metal lath, plaster, furred None .23
weight Gypsum lath, plaster, furred None .22
aggregate 1/2" insulating board, furred None .18
6" poured None None .59
concrete Plaster on concrete None · 54
Metal lath, plaster, furred None .35
Gypsum lath, plaster, furred None .33
8" poured None None · 54
concrete Plaster on concrete None · 50
1/ 2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .23
Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 1" blanket .15 14



4" BRICK VENEER MASONRY WALLS

TABLE 13

"u"
6" hollow None None .35
tile Plaster on tile None .34
Gypsum lath, plaster, furred I" blanket .13
tile Plaster un tile None .32
1/2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None , .18
Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 1" blanket .13 I

t,

15



•

4" BRICK VENEER

25"


TABLE 14

INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION BETWEEN STUDS "u" FACTOR
1/2" insulating board, plastered None .16
Gypsum lath & plaster 3-5/8" rock wool .07 •

4" BRICK VENEER

25"


TABLE 15

INTERIOR FINISH


"u" FACTOR

Wood lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster 1/2" insulating board, Gypsum lath & plaster Wood lath & plaster Wood lath & plaster Wood lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster Metal lath & plaster Gypsum lath & plaster Gypsum lath & plaster Gypsum lath & plaster

None
None
plastered None
None
1" blanket
2" blanket
3-5/8" rock wool
1" blanket
211 blanket
3-5/8" rock wool
111 blanket
211 blanket
3-5/8" rock wool 16

.27 .28 .20 . 2 7 .14 .10 .08 .14 .10 .08 .14 .10 .08



CUT STONE MASONRY WALLS

TABLE 16

THICKNESS IIU"
OF STONE INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION FACTOR
811 None None .70
811 Plaster on stone None . 64
811 Metal lath, plaster, furred None .39
811 1/211 insulating board, furred None .26
811 Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 111 blanket .16
1211 None None .57
1211 Plaster on stone None .53
1211 1/ 211 insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .23
12 II Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 111 blanket .15
1611 None None .49
1611 Plaster on stone None .45
1611 1/2" insulating board, furred None .22
1611 1/2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .22
2411 None None .37
24 " Plaster on stone None .35
2411 1/2" insulating board, furred None .19
2411 Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 1" blanket .13 17

,

)

)



4" CUT STONE VENEER MASONRY WALLS

TABLE 17

"u"
1/ 2" insulating board, furred None .19
6" poured None None . 63
concrete Plaster on tile None .58
8" ·poured None None .57
concrete Plaster on tile Nune .53
Gypsum lath, rlaster, furred None .33
1/ 2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .23



4" CUT STONE VENEER MASONRY WALLS

TABLE 18

"U"
blocks Plaster on blocks None .44
gravel Metal lath, plaster, furred None .30
cinder Metal lath, plaster, furred None .25
light Metal lath, plaster, furred Nune .23
weight Gypsum lath, plaster, furred None .22
aggregate 1/2" insulating board, furred None . 18

- --_ ._-_._-- ---.----~--.~~~--

"""» "

•

•

•



MASONRY WALLS - HOLLOW TILE

STUCCO EXTERIOR FINISH

TABLE 19

THICKNESS "u"
OF TILE INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION FACTOR
8" None None .40
8" Plaster on tile None .37
8" Metal loath, plaster, furred None .27
8" 1/2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .20
b" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 1" blanket .13
10" None None .39
10 " Plaster on tile None .37
10" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 1" blanket .13
12" None None .30
12 " Plaster on tile None .28
12" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred Nune .2l
12" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred I" blanket .12
16" None None .24
16" Plaster on tile None .24
16" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 1" blanket . 11 20



POURED CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS

TABLE 20

THICKNESS "u"
OF CONCRETE INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION FACTOR
6" None None .79
6" -P'Las t e r on concrete None .71
6" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 1" blanket .16
8" None None .70
8" Plaster on concrete None .64
10" None None .63
10" Plaster on concrete None .58
10" 1/2" insulating board lath, plasteI; furred None .24
12" None None .57
12 " Plaster on concrete None .53
12" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred I" blanket . 15 )

21



HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY WALLS

TABLE 21

THICKNESS "u"
OF BLOCK INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION FACTOR
GRAVEL
AGGREGATE
811 None None .56
8" Plaster on block None . 52
8" 1/211 insulating board, furred None .24
1211 None None .49
1211 Plaster on block None .46
1211 Metal lath, plaster, furred Nune .32
12" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 111 blanket .14
CINDER
AGGREGATE
811 None None .41
811 Plaster on block None .39
8'i 1/211 insulating board, furred None .21
8" 1/211 insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .20
8" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred 111 blanket .13
1211 None Nune .38
12 " Plaster vn block None .36
12" Metal lath, plaster, furred Nune .26
1211 1/ 211 insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .19
1211 Gypsum lath, plaster, furred I" blanket .13 22

HEAT TRANSMISSION TABLES COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION

HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY WALLS

TABLE 22

THICKNESS "u"
OF BLOCK INTERIOR FINISH INSULATION FACTOR
LIGHT
WEIGHT
AGGREGATE
8" None None .36
8" Plaster on block None .34
8" 1/ 2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None .19
1211 None None .34
12" Plaster on block None .33
12" 1/2" insulating board lath, plaster, furred None . 18
12" Gypsum lath, plaster, furred I" blanket .13 )

COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION - "u"

MASONRY PARTITIONS OR INTERIOR WALLS

TABLE 23

THICKNESS
OF MASONRY NO FINISH PLASTER PLASTER BOTH SIDES
(INCHES) PLAIN WALLS ONE SIDE SAND AGGREGATE

Hollow clay tile 3" .46 .44 .42
4" .40 .39 .37
Hollow gypsum tile 3" .37 .35 .34
4" .33 .32 .31
Hollow Cinder 3" .45 .43 .41
concrete A_ggregate 4" .40 .39 .37
or tile Light weight 3" .38 .36 .35
blocks Aggregate 4" .35 .34 .32
Common brick 4" .46 .44 .42 23


COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION - "u"

FRAME PARTITIONS OR INTERIOR WALLS

TABLE 24

SINGLE PARTITION

DOUBLE PARTITIONS FINISH ON BOTH SIDES OF STUDS

1" BLANKET BETWEEN
FINISH ON ONE NO INSULATION STUDS - ONE AIR
SIDE OF STUDS BETWEEN STUDS SPACE
Metal lath & plaster .67 .39 .16
3/8" gypsum board .60 .34 .15
Wood lath & plaster .57 .32 .15
Gypsum lath, plastered . 57 .32 .15 TABLE 2 5 COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION (U) OF PITCHED ROOFS C«~itxls aTl exp,used "' Bt" per (ho",) (SgMIJ" fool) (FGh,tnhtit dtvtt differ."" in ttmper"'",. btlult ... the atr "" the tVlO sides). aM art b as td "" atl oKlsidt Vlind vdocit), of 16 mph.

TYPE OF CEILING (APrLlKD DIUCl'LT TO Roor R.uTa .. )

0.081 0~21 0.15

0.11

0.084 0.551 0.10

IN.tJLlTlOII B,.,....,.&II Run ..

-------------------1--------------------------

F

None

liD. 2 In. 3 In.

0.11

0.085

WOOD SHINGLES (011 1 • 4 WOOD 8TJupeo S'ACID 2 III. A'UT)

ASPHALT SHINGLES OR ROLL ROOFING (011 SoLID WOOD SBUTBllla)'

SLATE OR TILE> (011 SoLID WOOD SSKATBINO)'

INOtJLlTlOII BITWU" P ... PTIlUI

IIIBOUTlO" BITWUN RAPTIlUI

1----~-----------I---~-----------I---~-----------I=

e

z

A

1 In. 2 ID. 3 ID.

E

lIn. 2 In. 3 In.

B

NODe

Blankel or Bat (Thielr.o ... Below)

Blank.1 or Bat (Thiem .. Belo,,)

NOD"

Blank.t or Bat (ThiekD" Below)

No Celli Appllod 10 RaIt 0.481 0.15

0.10

G·

-------------------1--------------------------

Molal Lath and PIut ....... _ ................................................................. _ ... ______ 0.31 0.14 0.10 0.081 0.33 0.15 0.10 0.083 0.34 0.15 0.10 0.083 2
='W.~(M.:~.~~~:::~ .. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::====--= 0.30 0.14 0.10 0.080 0.32 0.15 0.10 0.082 0.33 0.15 0.10 0.083 I
0.29 0.14 0.10 0.080 0.31 0.14 0.10 0.081 0.32 0.15 0.10 0.082 4
GJllIURI Lath 0\ in.) PIut .. "" ............................................... _ ... _._ .. _____ 0.29 0.14 0.10 0.079 0.31 0.14 0.10 0.081 0.32 0.15 0.10 0.082 I -------------------1--------------------------

Plywood (~ In.) Plain or OllCOftlod .....................•............•.........•.•...•..• _____ 0.29 0.14 0.1)99 0.079 0.30 0.14 0.10 0.081 0.31 0.15 0.10 0.081 •
I_latlng Boud (li ID.) PIaln or O __ lod ................... _ ....•.............• ___ . ___ 0.22 0.12 O.()g() 0.072 0.23 0.12 0.091 0.074 0.24 0.13 0.092 0.074 7
I_latlng Boud Lath (li in.) PIaaI«od' ........................................ _ ... ___ . ____ 0.22 0.12 0.088 0.072 0.22 0.12 e.oso 0.073 0.23 0.12 0.091 0.074 •
I_latl ... loud Lath (1 in.) PIut .. od •....................... _ ....................... _______ 0.16 0.10 0.078 0.004 0.17 0.10 0.079 O.OM 0.17 0.10 0.080 0.060 • ·Coefficients corrected for frarning on basil of 15 per cent area, 2 in. :z: 4: in. (nominal). 16 in. on centers,

·Fi&ur es in Columns 1.1. K and L may be used with .uJlicient accuracy Ior ri&ld aab .. tOl ohlnd .. on wood .heathin&. Layer or a1ater·. relt nedected. 'Sheathin& and wood atripe a .. umed .~ In. thick.

'Plaater aaaumed ~ in. thick .

• Plaater aaaumed J.i in. thick.

INo air .pace Included In I-A. l-E or 1·1; aU other coelllclenl.l hued on one air _ceo

24


TABLE 26 COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION (U) OF FLAT ROOFS COVERED WITH BUILT-UP ROOFING. WITH LATH AND PLASTER CEILINGSa

(See Table 29 for Flat Roofs with No Ceilings)

These coefficients are ezpressed iN 1!'u'per (hour) (square fool) (Fahrenheit degree difference ill 'empnar",. between Ihe air 011111, two sides), and are based on an outside wind rJdocUy of IS mph.

INSULATION ON TOP OF DECK
(COVERJ:D WITU BUILl'-UP RooIINO)
TUICXNU8 No
lNsut.,· IN8uLATING BOARD CORDOARD :I
TYPE OF ROOF O. TlON (TbicknCIIII Below) (Thick,,,",, Below)
DECK Roo. DccJ: !
(INcus) Z
~I,. I I,. 1)410. 2 I,. I I,. IHh. 210.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
A B C 0 E F a H
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- -
Flat Metal Roof o.ck
IHJtJl.ATIO"/
"OOfll" 0.46 0.27 O.U 0.15 0.12 O.1S 0.14 0.11 12
" rI~T'1. !
I '~~~ ...
c:tlL-Hill
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- -
Pncut Cement TU.
/~UT
".,IN'J ... L lJi Ill. 0.43 0.26 0.19 0.15 0.12 O.1S 0.14 0.11 13
~ ' .. :-:.:.: ..
.... ~·/UrtO .. T.I_,L.
(UL1K.'
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- -
Concrete
rJOLATlO~
.. uri 6 J 2 In. 0.(2 0.26 0.19 0.14 0.12 O.IS 0.14 0.11 14
4 in. 0.40 0.25 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.17 0.13 0.11 15
~~ ..... : . ';;7,: 'J 6 ie. 0.37 0.24 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.11 "
COtlC~~TI:. till
C~IL\I1G7
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- -
G1JlIIum Fiber Coo-
crete> on ~ In.
G:rPlum oard
Itt/UL~"I07 2HiD. 0.27 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.14 0.12 17
,.,"'," " 0.097
3Hin. 0.23 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.097 0.13 0.11 0.091 18
r '''N''.': , .. :: .. ;{
~"P.Jv1'\ &,Art.p
c£,'I-"IiG" .....
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- -
Wood'
11i:~L'nol1l
R.IFlltJ 1 iD. 0.31 0.21 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.12 0.10 11
I~in. 0.26 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.14 0.11 0.095 20
mwo,p m 2 in, 0.24 0.17 O.H 0.11 0.097 0.13 0.11 0.092 Z1
3 in • 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.087 0.11 0.095 0.082 22
c1:rLiI1G .. )

=Calculatlons baaed on metal lath and plaster ceilings. but coefficients may be used with aufliciellt accuracy for gypoum lalh or wood lath and plaster ceilings. It is assumed that there il all air apace between the under side of the roof deck and the upper side of the ceiling.

>S7~ per cFnt IYpsum. 12~ per cent wood fiber. Thickness Indicated Includes H In. IYPlum board. 'Nomlnal thlckn ..... specified-e-actual thlckn_es used III calculations.

)

25


TABLE 27 COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION (U) OF F .lAME CONSTRUCTION CEILINGS AND FLOORS

Coefficients art (xprlssed in Btu P" (hour) (.square foot) (Fahrenheit delTa difftrtna in trm turature between the air on the two sideJ) and art baud on still air (no u,ind) conditions on both sides.

A

I .. ulating Board on Topol Joista

Blanket or Bat Inaulctlonr Be-tween Joists-

Vermiculite Insula- Mineral WooilnsuJation Between Joists· tion Between JoistaG

Single Wood Floo"

Double Wood Floor'

~In. lin. lin. 2 In. 3 In.

TYPE OF CEILING (ApPLU:D DIBJ:CTLT TO Roo. !UPT&Ils)

INSULATION BETWEEN. OR ON TOP OF. JOISTS (No FLOORING ABOVl)

WITH FLOORING' (ON Top or CEILING JOISTS)

NODe

No C.llIng ... """ ..... """" .. """""""" .. " .. ".

B C 0 E F G H K L M N
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- ---- -
0.37 0.24 0.4S 0.34
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- ---- -
0.26 0.19 0.19 0.12 0.093 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.093 0.077 0.30 0.25
0.26 0.18 0.19 0.12 0.092 0.18 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.092 0.077 0.30 0.24
0.25 0.18 0.19 0.12 0.091 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.091 0.076 0.28 0.24
0.25 0.18 0.19 0.12 0.091 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.091 0.Oi6 0.28 0.24 M.tal Lath .nd PI .. t ..... " .. """ .. "" .... """ .. " .. """"""".

Wto~L.~h~rndd (i;f.~~~/.I .. i~ .. o.r .. ~.e~~'. .. t~:::::::::::::

Gypsum L.th (Yo in.) PI.st.rOO·"""""""

0.69 0.67 0.62 0.61

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- ---- -
Plywood (Yo in.) Plain or OoooralOO .. """"""""""""" . __ ..............................•.. _.- .. 0.S9 0.24 0.18 0.19 0.12 0.091 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.091 0.076 0.28 0.23 6
Insulating Board (~ in.) Plain or O ... rated.. .. """."" .. "" ........... __ .............•...............•... _ .... _ 0.36 0.19 O.IS 0.16 0.10 0.082 0.14 0.12 0.097 0.10 0.082 0.069 0.22' 0.19' 7
Insulating Board Lath (~ in.) Plasl.r.d· ...................................... __ .................. _ ..... __ ............ O.3S 0.19 O.1S 0.15 0.10 0.081 0.14 0.11 0.096 0.10 0.081 0.068 0.21 0.18 8
Insulating Bo.rd Lath (1 in.) Plasl.roo· ................................ ........ __ ...... _ .................. _ .. _ .•....... 0.23 O.IS 0.12 0.12 0.089 0.072 0.12 0.097 0.084 0.089 0.072 0.061 0.16 0.14 9 TABLE 28 COMBINED COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION (U) OF PITCHED ROOFS. AND HORIZONTAL CEILINGS-BASED ON CEILING AREAb

C(j.~l'!t:ients are rxpresud in Btu per (hour) (sQuare/oot of ctiling area) (Fahrenheit dtgree diffeunce ;1S temperature bawetn the air on the tu.'o sides), an crt based on cn outside wind velocity oj 15 mph.

TYPE OF ROOFING AND ROOF SHEATHING
WOOD SUINGLES ON WOOD STRIPs. ASPBALT SUINGLES' OR ROLL ROOrINO
CE1LIKG ON WOOD SHUTflINO'
COEFFI- ..
..
OlENTI No Rool ~ In. Insu- 1In.lnsu- No Roof ~ In. Insu- I In. Iaeu- a
(FROId
fABLE 27 Insulation lating Board 1ating Board Itaulation I.ting Board lating Board Z
(Raft ere on Under Side on Under Side (Rafte .. on Under Side OD Under Side
Exposed} DC Rafte .. DC RaCte .. Expoeed) DC Raltera DC Ralte ..
(Dr - 0.48) (Dr - 0.22) (Ur - 0.16) CUr - 0.53) (Ur - 0.23) (Ur - 0.17)
A B C 0 E F
0.10 0.085 0.073 0.066 0.087 0.074 0.067 18
0.11 0.092 oms 0.07 0.094 0.079 0.071 20
0.12 0.099 0.082 0.074 0.10 0.083 0.075 21
0.13 0.11 0.087 O.o7S 0.11 0.088 0.079 22
0.14 0.11 0.091 O.OSI 0.11 0.093 0.083 23
0.16 0.12 0.096 0.084 0.12 0.097 0.086 24
0.16 0.13 0.10 0.087 0.13 0.10 0.089 25
0.17 0.13 0.10 0.000 0.13 0.10 0.092 21
O.IS 0.14 0.11 0.093 0.14 0.11 0.095 27
O.U 0.14 0.11 0.095 0.15 0.11 0.098 28
0.20 0.15 0.11 0.098 0.15 0.12 0.10 28
0.21 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.12 0.10 30
0.22 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.17 0.12 0.11 fI
0.23 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.17 0.12 0.11 IZ
0.24 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.18 0.12 0.11 33
0.25 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.18 0.13 0.11 M
0.26 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.19 0.13 0.11 35
0.27 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.19 0.13 0.12 31
0.28 0.19 0.14 0.12 0.19 0.1f 0.12 J7
0.29 0.19 O.1( 0.12 0.20 0.1f 0.12 311
0.30 0.20 0.14 0.12 0.20 0.1f 0.12 3t
0.34 0.21 0.15 0.12 0.22 0.15 0.13 40
0.35 0.22 0.15 0.13 0.22 0.15 0.18 41
0.36 0.22 0.15 0.13 0.23 0.15 0.13 42
0.37 0.23 0.15 0.13 0.23 0.16 0.13 43
0.45 0.25 0.17 0.13 0.26 0.17 0.14 44
0.59 0.29 0.18 0.14 0.30 0.19 O.1S 45
0.61 0.29 0.18 0.15 0.31 0.19 0.15 41
0.62 0.30 0.19 0.15 0.31 0.19 0.15 47
0.67 0.31 0.19 0.15 0.33 0.20 0.16 48
0.69 0.31 0.19 0.16 0.33 0.20 0.16 41 ·Calculatlons based on ~ pitch roof (n - 1.2) using the lollowing lormu1a:

o, X U"" U - Ur + U.., n

U - combined coefficient to be used wllh cellin, area, U, - coefficient of transmission of the roof.

Uce - coefficient or transmission of the ceiling.

n - the ratio of the area 01 the roof to the area of the ceUln,.

·Ule ceilina: area (not roof area) with these coefficiecta.

'Coefficienta in Column. D. E and F may be used with ,ufficient accuracy Cor tile. 11at. and rigid aabe.tOl ahina:les on wood eheatblng,

• Based on 1 x 4 in, stripe spaced 2 ID. apart. 26

'Sheathing aeeumed ,~ in. thick.


TABLE 29 COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION (U) OF FLAT ROOFS COVERED WITH BUILT.

UP ROOFING. No CEILING-UNDER SIDE OF ROOF EXPOSED

(See Table 26 for Flat Roofs with Ceilings)

These coefficients art expressed in Btu per (hour) (square jool) (Fahrenheit degru difference in tern perature between Ihe air on lilt two sidesv, and are bastd on an outside wind 1'docily of 15 mph.

TYPE OF ROOF DECK

Il-ilo.

No INSULA-

TSICXNl:SB TION

or

Roor DECK (INCH")

A

I:-ISULATIO:-I ON TOP OF DECK (COVERED WITH BCJL'f.UP ROOFIN'O)

)

B

INSULATING BOARD (Thick", .. Below)

)1 10. 1 10. 1j1 10. 2 In.

c

D

CORKBOARD (Thickness Below)

F

G

:l

..

" "

Z

1.06

0.84

0.82 0.72 0.65

0.38 0.31

0.39

0.37

0.36 0.34 0.33

0.24 0.21

0.24

0.24

0.24 0.23 0.22

0.18 0.16

27

0.18

0.17

0.17 0.17 0.16

0.14 0.13

E

I 10. IJ1 In. 2 In.

H

Flat Metal Roof Deck.

-------1----1--- --- --- --- --- - __ - _

!HfULAT10N MOflt{~

0.14

0.23

0.17

0.13

Prec .. t Cement Tile

------1----1--- -- -- -- ---- __ - __

0.14

0.22

0.16

0.13

Concrete

-----·1---1-- ------------ _

------1----1--- -- ---- ---- _

210. 4 in, 610.

Gypsum Fib er Coocrete6 on 4 in. Gypsum Board

IN/ULA'l'10",

R&lDFING /_

2>110. 3>1 in.

l·"JV'-;:·:":,·',J 6YPJ1JM. MA~P

0.14 0.13 0.13

0.12 0.11

0.22 0.21 0.21

0.17 0.15

0.16 0.16 0.15

0.13 0.12

0.13 0.12 0.12

3 4 5

0.11 0.10

------1----1--- -- -- - _

Wood·
INIV~ATIO~ 110. 0.40 0.23 0.20 0.15 0.12 0.19 0.14 0.12 8
UOflN~ Ij110. 0.37 O.U 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.11 9
2 in. 0.32 0.22 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.16 0.12 0.10 10
3 in. 0.23 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.096 0.13 0.11 0.091 11
w,oP/
I =Coefficient of transmission of bare corrugated iron (no roofing) is 1.50 Btu per (hourr(square foot of projected areaHFahrenheit degree difference in temperature) based on an outside wind velocity of 15 mph.

'87~ per cent gypsum. 12)1 per cent wood fiber. Thickness indicated include. j1 in. gypsum board. 'Nominal thicknesses speclfied+-actual thicknesses used in calculations.

TABLE 31


TADLE 30 COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION (U) OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION FLOORS AND CEILINGS

Coefficients are expressed in Btu per (hour) (sQuare foot) (Fahrenheit degree difference in temperature betwctn the air on the two sides). ond are based on still air (no wind) conditions on bolh sides.

TYPE OF CEILING TYPE OF FLOORING
~"""'
TUICKr.."ESS THea or y, In. Parquet= Double "
No A.pbalt Flooring "
OF Terrazzo Wood !il
CO!"CRETEV Flooring Flooring Tile' In Floor p
(h;CDES) (Concrete on Directly Mastic on Z
. Bare) Concrete on on Sleepers"
Concrete Concrete
HG --- --- --- --- ---
A B C 0 E
--- --- --- --- -
3 0.68 0.65 0.66 0.45 0.25 1
No Ceiling .. . ....................... 6 0.59 0.56 0.58 0.41 0.23 2
10 0.50 0.48 0.49 0.36 0.22 3
--- --- --- --- -
Yo in. Plaster Applied to Underside of 3 0.62 0.59 0.60 0.43 0.24 4
6 0.54 0.52 0.53 0.39 0.22 5
Concrete .. .......................................... 10 0.46 0.44 0.45 0.34 0.21 6
--- --- --- --- -
Metal Lath and Plastere-r-Suspended or 3 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.30 0.19 7
6 0.35 0.34 0.35 0.28 0.18 8
Furred. ............................. 10 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.26 0.17 9
--- --- --- --- --- -
Gypeum Board (% in.) and Pl as ler/- 3 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.28 0.19 10
6 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.27 0.18 11
Suspended or Furred .................................. 10 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.24 0.17 12
--- --- --- --- -
lnswatin[! Board Lath (H in.) and Plasterr 3 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.21 0.15 13
6 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.15 14
Suspended or Furred ... 10 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.19 0.14 15 «Thickness of tile assumed to be 1 in. 'Conductivity of Asphalt Tile assumed to be 3.1.

"Thickness of wood assumed to be I!U In.; thickness of mastic. Va in. (k - 4.5). Col. D may also be used {or concrete covered with carpet.

cI Based on 2~ in. yellow pine or fir sub-flooring and 13M in. hardwood finish flooring with an air space

between sub-floor and concrete.

'Thickness of plaster assumed to be ~ in. /Thickness of plaster assumed to be Yo in. qFor other thicknesses of concrete, interpolate.

HEAT LOSS OF CONCRETE FLOORS AT OR NEAR GRADE

LEVEL PER FOOT OF EXPOSED EDGE

Outdoor design temperature

OF

-20 to -30

-10 to -20

o to -10

HEAT LOSS PER FOOT OF EXPOSED EDGE, BTU/HR

RECOMMENDED

~~ NO EDGE INSULATION

75

65

60

2" EDGE INSULATION

1" EDGE INSULATION

1" EDGE INSULATION

50

55

60

45

50

55

40

45

50

i:This construction not recommended, shown for comparison only

"'There panel heating coils Llre embedded in slcb near Grade, use double these figures for reverse panel loss.

28


COEFFICIENTS OF TRANSMISSION "U"

DOORS, WINDOWS, SKYLIGHTS AND GLASS BLOCK WALLS

TABLE 32

SINGLE PANE 1.13

STORM SASH .45

T HERMO PANE .61

THICKNESS THICKNESS "u" "u"
INCHES INCHES EXPOSED WITH GLASS
SOLID NOMINAL ACTUAL DOOR STORM DOOR
WOOD 1" 25/32" .69 .42
DOORS 1-1/4" 1-1/16" .59 .38
1-1/2" 1-5/16" .52 .35
1-3/4" 1-3/8" .51 .35
2" 1-5/8" .46 032
2-1/2" 2-1/8" .38 028
3" 2-5/8" .33 025 TABLE 33

"U" "u"
STILL AIR STILL AIR INSIDE
DESCRIPTION BOTH SIDES 15 MPH OUTSIDE
Smooth surface glass blocks
HOLLOW
GLASS 7-3/4 x 7-3/4 x 3-7/8 inch thick .40 .49
BLOCK
Ribbed surface glass blocks
WALLS
7-3/4 x 7-3/4 x 3-1/8 inch thick .38 .46 29

INFILTRATION FACTORS

TABLE 34

5 I 10 I 15 I 20 I 25 1 30

-3- -8-1-14- 20127135

-1 -21-3--4-151-6-

-2- -0-1-11- --1-7-123--'30

-7-1~~I~T-~-~--:-!-:-

4 13 'I 2-1 I 36 40=1 G3-

Total for ~r1y fitted window. non-weather- I I:

"'if-pod. l{,·,n. crack and l{,·io clearance 27 60 III • '.1 19'1 1 21 '1

Inc udcI wood (rame leaka.lt __ ._ .. . l_~_, __ ' _! __ '-

0'''0 ..... tbmtrippcd__ ... ·1 6 19 3·' 51 1 71 I !!2

Douhle·Hung Non- wee tberetripped.Tocked ...... __ .. _... 20 ~ -;:0- 961125 IIM-

1\1 eta I Nee- ... atberartipped. uoloeked_._. _'" 20 47 74 104 1:17 \ 170

__ Windows lI'eatbmtnppcd. uoloeked._._ ..... _...... _6 _ _2:_ ~ ~ _!~ I 76

r". 0' I\' "DOW I R .........

I Around frame Ie m!L!oory waU-Dot calked

I Around frame ill WUOIlTY .. all-call.ed._ ... Around fro-me in 1II'0od frame cooatruCllOo ".

Double-Hung) Total (or .",ract. w.adcw. non-weather-

Vv' ood Sash 1 I!tfltlped. "'-III crack end ~-iD. clearauce.

Windows Included .. ood frame leakage. ._._. __

<Unlocked) D,lto ..... tberatnpped .... _ .... _ ... ..

INFILTRATION TBROt:GH \\'11.;00\\'5

Ex tn e ssed in Ckbic Fed pr:r Foot of Creek ptr /lour

Rolled Section Steel Sash Windows

Induatrial pivoted. !1.-iD. crack. . . .. _ .. _

Architectural projected. !.tz·in. cracI_ .. _ ... Architectural projected. ~·iD. Cf3Ck .. _. __ Residential caeemeet. ~·iD. crack __ . __ ._ .. _

n:i~;n~:e~-:~e~~'l;~~:Dp~~j:c~td·. '~~iD'n:~!~k c'al;~m~~t"e~'c'1;~~~--'9~'~J~~'t~(i" ~::;o-

crack. _ _ _ .

52 108 176 2H :l01 372
15 36 62 86 112 1:19
20 li2 88 116 152 IS:!
o IS 33 47 60 il
14 32 52 76 100 128
3 10 18 20 3G 48 8 24 3~ 54 ri 92

30T88145186 121 m

Hollow Metal, vertically pivoted window ..........

TABLE 35 INFILTRATION THROUGH WALLSa &presse4 i. ,ubi, !e" per square [oo! per hou,

WIND VELOCITY. MILES PER HOCR
TYPE OF WALL
5 10 15 20 25 30
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
872 in. Brick Wallb .. ~ Plain .............. 2 4 8 12 19 23
Plastered c ...... 0.02 0.Q4 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.24
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
13 in. Brick Wallb._. {~::~~~·;~dC:::::: 1 4 7 12 16 21
0.01 0.Ql 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.10
Plastered'[ ...... 0.03 0.10 0.21 0.36 0.53 0.72
---- ---- ---- ---- ---
Frame Wall, with lath and plastere .. 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.26 e'The values given in tbl, tabJe are 20 per cent less than test values to allow for building ur of pressure

in rooms and are based on te.t data reported in the papers Jisted in chapter footnotes. bConstructed of porous brick and lime mortar-workmanship poor.

·Two coat. prepared eYpsum plaster on brick.

dFurrinlt. lath. and two coats prepared &YP8um plaster on brick.

eWaU construction: Bevel sidine painted or cedar Ihinglel. sheathing, buiJdina: pape-r. wood lath and three coat. gypsum plaster.

30

DESIGN TEMPERATURES AND AVERAGE WIND VELOCITIES

Ci "
Ci W Z
~ Z 0:: H
H ::> ~
::> ~ E--< ><
E--< >< Z~ WE--<
Z~ WE--< c.!>H
c.!>H c.!>W ~g
c.!>W ~g Hp...
Hp... (1);:8 w...:l
(1);:8 W...:l WW >W
WW >W CiE--< <>
CiE--< <> 31

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

FIREPIACES

Fireplaces must have a tight damper. No loss is considered for a fireplace with a tight damper. A tight damper is an economic must fur the saving of fuel.

BASEMENTS

When the boiler and heating p~p~ng is in an unheated basement, no heat loss is sidered for the floor above, as the stray heat will rise to basement ceiling. tion should be installed in basement recreation and laundry rooms.

conRadia-

CRAWL SPACES

No heat loss is considered for a floor over a closed crawl space if the uncovered heating piping is in this space.

If the crawl space is ventilated, the piping must be covered and a heat loss considered for the floor above.

)

BATHROOMS

It is recommended that 20% be added to the bathroom radiation for comfort.

JALOUSIE WINDOWS

It is recommended that a factor of 35 BTU per lineal foot of all horizontal and vertical cracks be used, in the absence of any data on this type of window.

33

PROBLEM #1

HEAT LOSS TWO-STORY HOUSE (See Plan on Pages 41-43)

Construction details of the residence used in this example are as follows:

Temperature Diffe rence 800 (700 to _100)

Walls:

Wood siding, 25/32" wood sheathing, studs, wood lath and plaster.

Ceiling:

Second floor, also first floor bay windows. Lath and plaste r ins ulated with 3- 5/ 8" rock wool, no floor above, attic space above.

Floor: Full basement with boiler and heating system.

Windows: Single pane, weathe r- stripped.

Doors: Weather-stripped (Doors are considered as windows)

Ceiling Heights: First floor and second floor 8 feet.

On the B&G Heating Calculation Sheet in the upper right hand corner enter the above.

There are eight columns across this worksheet. Each column is to be used for a room.

The first line in each of the eight columns is for a room title. As an example, the first vertical column could be entitled "Kitchen", the second "Dining Room", etc.

Afte r "Dimensions Ft. 'I ente r the room dimensions, length and width, in each room column.

The next line is "Running Feet Exposed Wall". Enter for each room in its column, the measured feet of wall exposed to the cold outside temperature. Include exposed walls of closets which open into the rooms.

EXAMPLES:

Dining Room:

The exposed wall includes the meas ured length of the bay windows.

Li ving Room:

The me a s u r e d length of the exposed wall is straight through the fireplace and also includes the measured length of the bay window.

Family Room:

The measured length of the exposed wall includes the exposed wall of the closet.

34

Bedroom # 1

Bedroom #2

Bedroom #3

Bedroom #4

(PROBLEM #1 Continued)





Ente r "Ceiling Height" for each room. In our example problem this is 8 feet.

Enter "Gross Area Exposed Wall" for each room. This IS measured length multiplied by ceiling height.

EXAMPLES:

Living Room

Dining Room

Bedroom #1

North Wall East Wall South Wall

North Wall

West Wall North Wall

131-0"
231-0"
151-0"
51'-0" X 81-0" - 408 Sq. Ft.
-
151-0" x 81-0" 120 Sq. Ft. ):
101-011
201-011 (Including Closet)
30'-0" x 810" 240 Sq. Ft. Enter for each room under the "Area or Crack" column the square feet of window and doors in the outside exposed walls.

EXAMPLE:

Living Room

This room has n i n e "B" windows which are 11-6" x 51-0".

Each window has an area of 7. 5 sq. ft. So, 7 • 5 x 9 = 68

sq. ft. This is entered under the "Area or Crack" column for the Living Room.

Each room is treated in a similar manne r ,

Enter "Net Wall" for each room under the "Area or Crack" column. This is the "Gross Wall Area" minus the glass area.

EXAMPLE:

Living Room

Gross Wall Glass & Door

408 Sq. Ft. 68 Sq. Ft. 340 Sq. Ft.

35

"Partitions"

"Cold Floor"

"Cold Ceiling"

EXAMPLES:


This line is used if there is a partition between the room being heated and an unheated room or space.

If this condition exists the square feet of this partition would be entered in the "Area or Crack" column fo r the room.

The entire first floor is over a full basement, with the boile r and heating piping, in the basement. Therefore, no heat loss will be calculated through the floor.

Enter for each room under the "Area or Crack" column the square feet of ceiling exposed to the colder outside. In our example problem the attic is ventilated and would be the same temperature as outside. Therefore, all the second floor rooms would have cold ceilings. Also, the first £loor bay windows would have cold ceilings.

Living Room and Dining Room each has a bay window which has a ceiling area of 12 sq. ft. Ente r this un de r the "Area or Crack" columns for these rooms.

Bedrooms:

Infiltration:

All of the four bedrooms have closets and the ceiling areas are added to their respective bedrooms.

Wind pressure causes a movement of air through a building from the windward to the leeward side. Heated inside air is thus displaced by cold outside air, by leakage through the cracks around the doors and windows. This leakage of air must be considered in calculating the heating loss.

Since the strength of the wind has a mate rial effect on the amount of infiltration, the average wind velocity for the locality should be dete rmined. The amount of c rack used for computation should not be less than half the crack in the outside walls of the room. In the room with one exposed wall take all the c rack; with two exposed walls, take the wall having the most crack; with three or four exposed walls, take the wall having the most crack; but never take

l e s s than half the total crack.

Measurement of crack should be as follows: Double hung windows, 3 times the width plus 2 times the height; wood casement windows, 2 times the width, plus 2 times the height; metal pivoted sash, total perimeter of the movable or ventilating section.

Enter these figures under the "Area or Crack" column for each room.

All of the windows, with the exception of the basement, are double hung.

36


Ente r fo r each room unde r the" Area or C rack" column the c rackage of windows and doo r s ,

EXAMPLE:

Living Room

The north wall of the Living Room has four 11-6" by 5'-0" double hung windows. The crack for one of these windows is 3 times the width (11-6") or 4. 5 feet, plus 2 times the height (5'-0") or 10 feet. So, 4.5 feet plus 10 feet equals 14. 5 feet. Howeve r, the re are four of these windows on the north wall. Therefore, 14.5 feet multiplied by 4 equals 58 feet.

The south wall has five of the se same windows so 14. 5 feet multiplied by 5 equals 73 feet.

As the south wall 73 feet is the larger, we will enter this under the "Area or Crack" column and under Living Room.

Kitchen

The north wall has two 2' x 2' double hung windows on the north wall. Each has crackage of 10 feet. So, we have 2 times 10 feet or 20 feet of crackage on the north wall. The west wall has a door 3' x 71 which has crackage of 20 feet (perimeter of door).

So, each wall has crackage of 20 feet. Therefore, we can use eithe r one, as they are equal. Ente r 20 in the "Area or C rack" column unde r Kitchen.

All of the rooms are treated in a similar manner.

The "U" factors are entered in column marked "Factor"

Windows

Table 32 tells us that the "U" factor for single pane windows is 1. 13. This is for one square foot of area and for one degree tempe rature diffe rence between the outside surface

and the inside surface. This factor 1. 13 is entered on the worksheet in the "Factor" column and after Windows. However, this 1. 13 is for only one degree temperature difference and we are using 80 deg rees tempe rature diffe r e n c e , So, we multiply 1. 13 by 80 degrees which is 90.4. This, is entered in the "Multiplier" column, after 1. 13. This, then means that for every square foot of window pane we lose 90.4 BT UH by transmission to the colder outside.

37


Walls:

Table 6 gives us the "U" factor as .25. This is for one square foot of area and for one degree te rrrpe r a.tu r e difference between the outside surface and the inside surface . This factor. 25 is entered on the worksheet in the "F'ac to r!' column and after IINet Wa l.l!", However, this. 25 is for only one dgree temperature difference and we are using

an 80 degree tempe rature diffe renee.

........ ,

So, we multiply. 25 by 80 degrees which is 20. This is ente red in the "M ultiplier" column, afte r . 25. This means that for every square foot of net wall we lose 20 BTUH, by transmis sion to the colde r outside.

Ceiling:

Table 27 and c ol urnn IlL" gives us the IIUII factor as .076, which we will round out to .080. This is entered after IICeilingl1 and in the "F'ac to r Co l umn!' , Again, this is only for one degree we multiply this. 08 by 80 degrees which is 6.4 and this is entered in the "Mul ti pl i e r!' column after. 08. (Attic is ventilated)

Floor:

The boiler and heating plpmg is m a full basement so there is no heat lost through the first floor to the basement.

There is no heat lost through the second floor to the first floor, as the first floor is heated.

Infiltration:

Weather-stripped windows and doors and a 15 MPH wind. Table 34 shows that every hour 24 cubic feet of air infiltrates for each foot of crack. This figure (24) is entered under IIFactorl' column and after "Lnfi.l t r afi o n'", One cubic foot of air is raised one dgree, per hour, by .018 BTU. Therefore, for an 80 degree temperature difference we must multiply the factor, (24) by .018 times 80 degrees which is 34. 6. This 34. 6 is entered in the "Mul ti pl i e r!' column afte r 'IInfiltrationl'.

We now have the "F'ac to r'", "Mul ti pl i e r!' and "Az e a or Crackll columns completed for each room.

Windows & Doors For each room in the "Wiridows & Doorsll line

multiply the figure unde r the "A're a or C r ac k!' column by the "Mul ti pl i e r!' (90.4) and enter the figure in the BTUH column for each room.

EXAMPLES:

_,:'!

Kitchen:

29 sq. ft. multiplied by 90.4 which is 2,622 BTUH. Enter this under the BTUH column for Kitchen and after 29 sq. ft.

38

Living Room

Net Wall

EXAMPLES:

Kitchen

Living Room

Cold Ceiling

EXAMPLES:

Bedroom #1

Living Room

Infiltration

EXAMPLES:

Kitchen


68 sq. ft. multiplied by 90.4 which is 6,147 BTUH. Enter this under the BTUH column for Living Room and after 68 sq. ft.

For each room in the "Net Wall" line multiply the figure under the "Area or Crack" column by the "Multiplier" (20) and ente r the figure in the B TUH column for each room.

Net wall 143 sq. ft. multiplied by 20 (Multiplier) is 2,860 BTUH. Enter this under the BTUH column for Kitchen and after 143 sq. ft.

Net Wall 340 sq. ft. multiplied by 20 (Multiplie r) is 6, 800 BTUH. Enter this under the BTUH column for Living Room and afte r 340.

For each room in the "Cold Ceiling" line multiply the figure under the "Area or Crack" column by the "Multiplier" which is 6.4 and ente r thi s figure in the B TUH column for each room.

Has a ceiling area (including closet) of 200 sq. ft. Multiply 200 sq. ft. by the "Multiplier" (6.4) and arrive at 1,280 BTUH. Enter this under the BTUH column for Bedroom #1, and after 200.

The bay window has a ceiling area of 12 sq. ft. Multiply 12 sq. ft. by the "Multiplier" (6.4) and arrive at 77 BTUH. Enter this under the BTUH column for Living Room and after 12.

For each of the rooms in the "Infiltration Ft. Crack", multiply the figure under the "Area or Crack" column by the "Multiplier" which is 34.6 and enter this figure in the B TUH column for each room.

Has 20 ft. of crack. Multiply 20 ft. by the "Multiplier" (34.6) and this is 692 BTUH. Enter this under the BTUH column for Kitchen and after 20 ft.

39


Li ving Room

The crack is 73 ft. Multiply 73 ft. by the "Multiplier" (34.6) which is 2,536 BTUH. Enter this under the BTUH column for Living Room and afte r 73.

The Kitchen BTUH column would read as follows:

Glass

Net Wall Infiltration

Heat Loss of Kitchen

2,622 BTUH 2,860 BTUH 692 BTUH

6, 174 BTUH

The Living Room B TUH column would read as follows:

Glass

Net Wall Ceiling Infiltration

6, 147 BTUH 6,800 BTUH 77 BTUH 2,526 BTUH

Heat Loss of Living Room 15,550 BTUH

Afte r each room heat los s is calculated add these figures and this will be the heat loss for the entire house.

We will add 20% to the bathroom total so that this room may be raised to a higher temperature for bathing.

40

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45

PROBLEM #2

HEAT LOSS ONE-STORY HOUSE ON CEMENT SLAB (Example Plan Page 50)

The location is Chicago. The standard design condition in Chicago is 800• This means we calc ulate a heat loss to keep the house at 700 when it is _100 outside. The ave rage wind velocity in Chicago is 15 MPH.

The example house construction is:

Windows:

Single pane, double hung, weathe r- stripped {doors are cons ide red as windows}.

Walls:

Wood siding - 25/32" wood sheathing - studs - wood lath and plaste r.

Floor:

Cement slab on grade.

Ceilings:

Wood lath and plaste r - 4" rock wool.

These descriptions are entered in the proper places at the top of the worksheet.

We now find the "U" factors for these different constructions.

Windows:

Table 32 tells us that the "U" factor for single pane windows is 1. 13. This is for one square foot of area and for one degree temperature difference between the outside surface and the inside surface. This factor 1. 13 is entered on the worksheet in the" Factor Column" and afte r "Windows". However, this 1. 13 is for only one degree temperature diffe rence and we are using an 800 temperature difference. So, we multiply 1. 13 by 800 which is 90.4. This is entered in the "Mul ti.pl i e r!' column of the worksheet. This then means that for every square foot

of window pane we lose 90.4 BTUH, by transmission to the colder outside.

Walls:

Table 6 gives us the IIUII factor as 0.25. This is for one square foot of area and for one degree temperature difference between the outside surface and the inside surface.

This factor 0.25 is entered on the worksheet in the IIFactor Col umn!' and after "Net Wa.l l.'", However, this 0.25 is for only one degree temperature difference and we are using an 800 temperature difference. So, we multiply 0.25 by 800 which is 20. This is entered in the ".Mul ti pl i e r!' column of the worksheet. This means that for every square foot of net wall we lose 20 BTUH, by transmission to the colder outside.

46

Ceiling:

Floor:

Infiltration:


Table 27 and column "L" gives us the "U" factor as 0.076, which we will round out to 0.08. This is entered after "Ceiling" and in the "Factor" column. Again, as this is only for one degree, we rnul ti ply this 0.08 x 800 which is 6.4 and this is entered in the "Multiplier" column. (Attic is ventilated)

Cement slab on grade. Table 31 tells us that with 1" edge insulation and at _100 we lose 50 BTUH for every

foot of exposed edge. This (50) is entered in the "Multiplier" column and after "Cold Floor".

Weathe r-stripped windows and doors and a 15 MPH wind. Table 34 shows that every hour 24 cubic feet of air infiltrates for each foot of crack. This (24) is entered under "Factor" column and after "Infiltration". One cubic foot of air is raised one deg ree, pe r hour, by O. 018 BTU. Therefore, for an 800 temperature difference, we must multiply the factor (24) by 0.018 x 800 which is 34. 6. This 34.6 is entered in the "Multiplier" column after

"Infiltra tion" •

Now that we have our "Multipliers", we measure the exposed areas in the house room by room.

Bedroom #1

Using dimensions, we find the room as 10' by 13'. Closets opening into rooms are conside red as part of these rooms and are calculated as such. Enter this under BEDROOM #1 on the worksheet. Therefore, we have 23 feet of exposed wa.Il , Enter this on worksheet.

Ceiling height is 8 feet. Enter this on worksheet. Gross wall area is 23' x 8' or 184 square feet. Enter this on worksheet.

We have two windows 3' x 5' or 30 square feet. Enter this on worksheet under "Area or Crack". The "Multiplier" for windows is 90.4 which is for one square foot. So, multiplying 30 square feet by 90.4, we arrive at 2,712 BTUH which is the heat lost by transmission through these two windows. Enter this 2,712 in the BTUH column for Bedroom #1.

We have 184 squa re feet of wall. Subtract the window areas, 30 square feet, from this and we have left 154 square feet

of net wall. Our multiplie r for one square foot is 20. So, we multiply 154 square feet by 20 BTUH and have 3,080 BTUH which is the heat lost by transmission through the walls. Enter this in the BTUH column under Bedroom #1.

47


To determine the heat loss for "Cold Floor". We have

10 ft. plus 13 ft. or 23 ft. as exposed edge for this room. Enter this (23 ft.) in the "Area or Crack" column after "Cold Floor". Now, multiply 23 ft. by the multiplie r

(50 BTUH) and we have 1,150 BTUH as the floor edge heat loss. Enter this 1,150 in the BTUH column.

The dimensions of this room 10 ft. by 13 ft., so we have 130 sq. ft. exposed ceiling area. Ente r this (130) unde r "Area or Crack". Our multiplier is 6.4. So, multiply 130 sq. ft. by 6. 4 B TUH and arrive at 832 B TUH which is the heat lost through the ceiling. Enter this in the BTUH column.

The back of the worksheet tells us that to find the crack on double hung windows use three times the width plus two times the height. As the windows in this room are 3 ft.

wide and 5 ft. high, we have 3' x 3' plus 2' x 5' or 19 ft. of crack. Furthermore, the back of the worksheet states that in a room with windows on two exposed sides use the wall with the largest crack. In this room we have two exposed walls with windows. Each wall has a window with 19 ft. of crack, so either one can be used. Enter 19 ft. in the "Area or Crack" column after "Infiltration or Crack". The "Multiplier" is shown as 34.6. Multiply 19 ft. by 34.6 BTUH and arrive at 657 BTUH as heat lost by infiltration. Enter this in the BTUH column. Now add up the figures in the BTUH column for this room (2,712 plus 3,080 plus

1,150 plus 832 plus 657) and find the heat loss of this room to be 8,431 BTUH. Enter this figure under the Bedroom #1 column and after "Total BTUH Room Loss" .

. ,,~.

48


The heat loss of the remaining rooms is calculated in the same manner.

The rear entry will be considered as part of the kitchen. The kitchen is 17 ft. by 10 ft. and the entry is 4 ft. by 3 ft. Exposed wall would be 17 ft. plus the measured length through the entry which is 13 ft., which would give us 30 ft. of exposed wall.

C rackage would be:

North Wall Window No rth Wall Window East Wall Window East Wall Door

39'

4' X 5' :. 22' 3' x 4' = 17' 3'x5' = 19' 3' x 7' = 20'

39'

We would use the wall with the largest crack or 39 ft. Ceiling area would be 17 ft. x 10 ft. plus 3 ft. x 4 ft. or 182 sq. ft.

Bedroom #2 will be calculated for ceiling as two areas. The bedroom itself which is 10 ft. by 11 ft. has 110 sq. ft. of ceiling area and the closet area is 5 ft. by 8 ft. and has 40 sq. ft. of ceiling area. Adding 110 sq. ft. and 40 sq. ft. we have 150 sq. ft. of ceiling area.

The heat loss of each room is calculated and entered in line "Total BTUH Room Loss". These totals are then added and give the total heat loss of the house. In our problem this is 47.984 BTUH which must be replaced by our heating system.

49

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PRINTED IN U.S.A. 10·67

FLUID HANDLING ITT TRAINING & EDUCATION DEPT.

8200 N. Austin Ave .• Morton Grove, IL 60053 ITT FLUID TRANSFER DIVISION

Heat Loss Calculation Guide

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BELL & GOSSETT