EXAM 22 + 23

Definitions

Apron: A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for the
purposes of loading/unloading passengers, mail or cargo, refuelling, parking and
maintenance.

Flight: From the moment the aircraft first moves for the purpose of taking off, to the
moment it comes to rest after landing.

Visibility: The greatest distance at which a black object situated near the ground can be seen
and recognised when observed against a bright background.

Aircraft: Power driven, heavier than air. Lift acquired from aerodynamic forcesof fixed
surfaces.

Manoeuvring area: Part of aerodrome to be used for T/O, landing and taxying excluding the
apron.

Night: 15minutes before sunrise to 15minutes after sunset

General notes

 Formation flying:
o Must be prearranged among PIC of involved aircraft
o Formation acts as single aircraft
o Separation of aircraft is responsibility of flight leader and other PIC’s
o Spacing is not to exceed 100ft vertically and 1000m horizontally

 Aerobatics:
o Not to exceed 60 ̊ bank or 30 ̊ pitch without parachutes
o No aerobatic flight over cities or settlements
o Not over an open air assembly of people
o Not below 1500ft
o Minimum vis 5km (3m)
o Not in controlled airspace without consent from ATSU

 Semi circular rule - Above 3000ft AGL

 Low flying :

o No flying below 1000ft over game parks

o 1500ft over any obstacle within 600m radius over congested areas, cities and towns.
o Not over or within 3000ft of an open air assembly of 1000 people or more.
 o Not below 500ft exept for T/O & landing, aerial work and police work.

 VMC minima:
o T/O 5km vis, 1500ft ceiling
o Enroute 5km vis, 1000ft vertically from cloud, 1500m horizontally from cloud.
Above 10000ft, 8km vis, 100ft vertically from cloud, 1500m horizontally from cloud.
o SVFR 1.5km vis, 500ft ceiling, clear of cloud.

 Enroute altitudes
o 2000ft within 8km of mountainous terrain
o 1000ft more than 8km of mountainous terrain

 Enroute distances
o (Turbine) Distance flown in 60min at 1engine in operative
o (Piston) Distance flown in 120min at 1engine in operative speed or 300nm.
Whichever is less.

 Cat 2 and 3 pilot authorisation and validation

o Must hold CPL with instrument rating or ATPL
o Hold category or class type rating for the aircraft
o Shall have at least 50hrs night PIC
75hrs IF
250hrs cross country

 Landing distance requirements

o (turbine) 60% of the runway
o (piston) 70% of the runway

 Right of way on the ground

o Aircraft being overtaken has right of way
o Aircraft overtaking must do so on the left
o Aircraft overtaking is responsible for spacing

 Right of way in the air

o Overtaking must be done so on the right unless in a right hand circuit
o Aircraft with other aircraft on its right must give way

 Line features. Follow to the right of the feature

 Children occupying seats. PIC shall ensure that all passengers over the age of 2 years old
occupy an approved seat/berth with seatbelt and shoulder harness if available, for take off
and landing.
 Revised ETA’s for IFR.
PIC must notify ATSU when
o TAS changes by 5%
o ETA changes by 3 minutes

 Suspended license
o Cease flying immediately
o Return license within 14 days

 Special airport qualification aerodromes

o An aerodrome where pilots need special training within previous 12months to
operate from.
o N/A during daylight hours, 5km vis and 1000ft ceiling

 Permanent oxygen is required for all people on board when cabin altitude is over 13000ft

 Communication established. When flying into controlled airspace comms must be

established by 4miles and under 2500ft

 PIC may not use autopilot

o Enroute below 500ft

o 50ft below DA or DH on approach
o Category 3 approach without approval of authority

 Take off run and Take off distance

o (Run) Not to exceed runway length
o (Distance) Not to exceed runway length plus clearway length. Clearway length for
calculation may not exceed half the runway length. (So TOD cannot be more than
1.5X runway length)

 Medical certificate
o ATPL/CPL over 40years 6months
o PPL over 40years 24months
o PPL over 50years 12months

 Certificate of validation
o Valid for one year
o Will not be valid for longer than the license it is validated on
 Instructors rating
o Valid for 2years
o Instructor can log 8hours of instruction per day

 Category 2 Approach
o RVR 200m DA 200ft
o (ICAO) DA 100ft- 200ft RVR 300m

 IFR rules immediately apply to

o Night flights
o All flights above F150

 Take off alternates in event of engine failure

o (2 engine) within 60minutes flight time at 1 engine cruising speed
o (3-4 engine) within 120minutes flight time at 1 engine failed cruising speed

 Climb gradients (where the critical engine fails after reaching V1, to continue take off you
need to clear all obstacles by: )
o (Turbine) Height of 9.1m (35 feet)
o (Piston) Height of 15.2m (50 feet)
o (BOTH) 60m (200ft) horizontally within aerodrome. 90m (300ft) outside of
aerodrome.