TABLA A .

l U n id a d e s d e l S I
[101 kPa (abs)]. Peso Viscosidad Viscosidad
específico Densidad dinámica cinemática
Temperatura r P rj
ro (kN/m3) (kg/m3) (Favs) <m2/s)
0 9.81 1000 1.75 X 10-3 1.75 X 10-6
5 9.81 1000 1.52 X 10~3 1.52 X 10-6
10 9.81 1000 1.30 X 1 0 -3 1.30 X 10-6
15 9.81 1000 1.15 X 10~3 1.15 X 10-6

20 9.79 998 1 .0 2 X 1 0 - 3 1.02 X 10- 6

25 9.78 997 8.91 X 10-4 8.94 X 10~7

30 9.77 996 8 .0 0 X 1 0 - 4 8.03 X 10~7

35 9.75 994 7.18 X 10-4 7.22 X 10“7

40 9.73 992 6.51 X 10-4 6.56 X 10"7

45 9.71 990 5.94 X 10-4 6.00 X 10~7

50 9.69 988 5.41 X 10-4 5.48 X 10"7

55 9.67 986 4.98 X 10-4 5.05 X io -7

9.65 984 4.60 X 10-4 4.67 X 10"7
60
9.62 981 4.31 X 10-4 4.39 X 1 0 '7
65
9.59 978 4.02 X 10-4 4.11 X 10-7
70
9.56 975 3.73 X 10~4 3.83 X 1 0 '7
75
9.53 971 3.50 X 10-4 3.60 X 10-7
80
9.50 968 3.30 X 10-4 3.41 X 1 0"7
85
965 3.11 X 10-4 3.22 X 10-7
90 9.47
962 2.92 X 10-4 3.04 X 10-7
95 9.44
958 2.82 X 10~4 2.94 X 10"7
9.40
100

589
 590 A p é n d ic e A Propiedades del agua

T A B L A A.2 U n id a d e s d e l S is te m a
I n g lé s ( 1 4 .7 p sia ).
Peso Viscosidad Viscosidad
específico Densidad dinámica cinemática
Temperatura r P V
(°F) (lb/pie3)' (slugs/pie3) (Ib-s/pie2) (pie2/s)

32 6 2 .4 1 .9 4 3 .6 6 X 1 0 " 5 1 .8 9 X 10~5
40 6 2 .4 1 .9 4 3 .2 3 X 1 0 " 5 1 .6 7 X 10~5
50 6 2 .4 1 .9 4 2 .7 2 X 1 0 " 5 1 .4 0 X 10~5
60 6 2 .4 1 .9 4 2 .3 5 X 1 0 - 5 1 .2 1 X 10 -5
70 6 2 .3 1 .9 4 2 .0 4 X 1 0 -5 1 .0 5 X 10-5
80 6 2 .2 1 .9 3 1 .7 7 X 1 0 - 5 9 .1 5 X 10-6
90 6 2 .1 1 .9 3 1 .6 0 X 1 0 - 5 8 .2 9 X 10-6
100 6 2 .0 1 .9 3 1 .4 2 X 1 0 - 5 7 .3 7 X 10-6
110 6 1 .9 1 .9 2 1 .2 6 X 1 0 - 5 6 .5 5 X 10 -6
120 6 1 .7 1 .9 2 1 .1 4 X 1 0 - 5 5 .9 4 X 1 0 -6
i 130 6 1 .5 1 .9 1 1 .0 5 X 1 0 - 5 5 .4 9 X 10-6
140 6 1 .4 1 .9 1 9 .6 0 X 1 0 -6 5 .0 3 X 10"6
150 6 1 .2 1 .9 0 8 .9 0 X 1 0 " 6 4 .6 8 x 10-6
160 6 1 .0 1 .9 0 8 .3 0 X 1 0 " 6 4 .3 8 x 1 0 -6
170 6 0 .8 1 .8 9 7 .7 0 X 1 0 -6 4 .0 7 X 10-6
180 6 0 .6 1 .8 8 7 .2 3 X 1 0 " 6 3 .8 4 X 1 0 -6
190 6 0 .4 1 .8 8 6 .8 0 X 1 0 " 6 3 .6 2 X 10"6
200 6 0 .1 1 .8 7 6 .2 5 X 1 0 - 6 3 .3 5 X 1 0 “ °
212 5 9 .8 1 .8 6 5 .8 9 X 1 0 " 6 3 .1 7 X 1 0 " 6
 B Propiedades de los líquidos
comunes

n B L A B .1 U n id a d e s d e l S I [1 0 1 k P a (a b s ) y 2 5 °C ]

Peso Viscosidad
Gravedad Viscosidad
específico Densidad dinámica cinemática
específica y P V v
sg (kN/m3) (kg/m3) (Pa-s) (mVs)
Acetona 0.787 7.72 787 3.16 X 10“ 4 4.02 X 10- 7
Alcohol, e tílic o 0.787 7.72 787 1.00 X 10- 3 1.27 X 10- 6
Alcohol m e tílic o 0.789 7.74 789 5.60 X 10“ 4 7.10 X 10- 7
Alcohol, p ro p ü ico 0.802 7.87 802 1.92 X 10~ 3 2.39 X 10- 6
Amoniaco h id ratad o (259c) 0.910 8.93 910 __
Benceno 0.876 8.59 876 6.03 X 10“ 4 6 .8 8 X 10- 7
Tetracloruro d e c a r b o n o 1.590 15.60 1 590 9.10 X 10- 4 5.72 X 10- 7
Acáte de ricin o 0.960 9.42 960 6.51 X 10“ ' 6.78 X 10" 4
Etilenglieol 1 .1 0 0 10.79 1 100 1.62 X 10- 2 1.47 X 10- 5
Gasolina 0 .6 8 6.67 680 2.87 X 10“ 4 4.22 X 10- 7
Glicerina 1.258 12.34 1 258 9.60 X 10“ ' 7.63 X 10" 4
Queroseno 0.823 8.07 823 1.64 X 10“ 3 1.99 X 10“ 6
Aceite de linaza 0.930 9.12 930 3.31 X 10- 2 3.56 X 10“ 5
Mercurio 13.54 132.8 13 540 1.53 X 10-3 1.13 X 10- 7
fropano 0.495 4.86 495 1.10 X 10“ 4 2.22 X 10“ 7
de mar 1.030 1 0 .1 0 1 030 1.03 X 10“ 3 1.00 X 10- 6
fa r r a s 8.53 870 1.37 X 10- 3 1.57 X 10“ 6
0.870
8.36 852 2.99 X 10- 3 3.51 X 10_t)
-rjmbustóleo. m ed io 0.852
8.89 906 1.07 X 10-1 1.18 X 10- 4
-'imbustóleo, p e sa d o 0.906

591
592 A p é n d ic e B Propiedades de los líquidos com unes

T A B L A B .2 U n id a d e s d e l S is te m a I n g lé s ( 1 4 .7 p sia y 7 7 °F ).

P eso V is c o s id a d V is c o s id a d
G ravedad e s p e c í f ic o D e n s id a d d in á m ic a c in e m á tic a
e s p e c í f ic a y P V v
sg ( l b /p i e 3) ( s l u g s / p i e 3) ( l b - s / p i e 2) (p ie 2/s )

A c e to n a 0 .7 8 7 4 8 .9 8 1 .5 3 6 .6 0 X 1 0 " 6 4 .3 1 X 10-6

A lc o h o l, e tílic o 0 .7 8 7 4 9 .0 1 1 .5 3 2 .1 0 X 1 0 - 5 1 .3 7 X 10"5

A lc o h o l, m e t ílic o 0 .7 8 9 4 9 .1 0 1 .5 3 1 .1 7 X 1 0 - 5 7 .6 5 X 10-6

A lc o h o l, p r o p ílic o 0 .8 0 2 4 9 .9 4 1 .5 6 4 .0 1 X 10-5 2 .5 7 X 10~5

A m o n ia c o h id ra ta d o (2 5 % ) 0 .9 1 0 5 6 .7 8 1 .7 7 —

B enceno 0 .8 7 6 5 4 .5 5 1 .7 0 1 .2 6 X 1 0 " 5 7 .4 1 X 10-6

T etracloru ro d e ca r b o n o 1 .5 9 0 9 8 .9 1 3 .0 8 1 .9 0 X lO " 5 6 .1 7 X 10-6
A c e ite d e ric in o 0 .9 6 0 5 9 .6 9 1 .8 6 1 .3 6 X 1 0 - 2 7 .3 1 X 10"3
E tile n g lic o l 1 .1 0 0 6 8 .4 7 2 .1 3 3 .3 8 X 10" 4 1 .5 9 X 10"4
G a so lin a 0 .6 8 4 2 .4 0 1 .3 2 6 .0 0 X 10-6 4 .5 5 X 10 -6
G licerin a 1 .2 5 8 7 8 .5 0 2 .4 4 2 .0 0 X 1 0 -2 8 .2 0 X 10“3
Q u er o se n o 0 .8 2 3 5 1 .2 0 1 .6 0 3 .4 3 X 1 0 " 5 2 .1 4 X 10"5
A c e ite d e lin a z a 0 .9 3 0 5 8 .0 0 1 .8 0 6 .9 1 X 10"4 3 .8 4 X 10~4
M ercu rio 1 3 .5 4 8 4 4 .9 2 6 .2 6 3 .2 0 X 10" 5 1 .2 2 X 10-6
P rop an o 0 .4 9 5 3 0 .8 1 0 .9 6 2 .3 0 X 10" 6 2 .4 0 X IQ-*
A g u a d e m ar ¿030 6 4 .0 0 2 .0 0 2 .1 5 X 1 0 - 5 1 .0 8 X io~-
A guarrás 0 .8 7 0 5 4 .2 0 1 .6 9 2 .8 7 X 1 0 - 5 1 .7 0 X 1 0 '5
C o m b u stó le o , m e d io 0 .8 5 2 5 3 .1 6 1 .6 5 6 .2 5 X 1 0 " 5 3 .7 9 X 1 0 ' 5
C o m b u stó le o , p e sa d o 0 .9 0 6 5 6 .5 3 1 .7 6 2 .2 4 X 10" 3 1 .2 7 X 10-3
BHBB C Propiedades comunes de
aceites lubricantes derivados
del petróleo

Viscosidad cinemática v
A 40 °C (104 °F) éF A 100 °C (212 °F)
Gravedad ----------------------------—----- ----------------------------------- índice de
Tipo específica (m2/s) /píe2/s) (m2/s) (pie2/s) viscosidad
Sistemas hidráulicos
automotrices 0 .8 8 7 3 .9 9 X 1 0 " 5 4 .3 0 X 1 0 " 4 7 .2 9 X 1 0 " 6 7 .8 5 X 1 0" 5 149

Sistemas hidráulicos
de máquinas herramientas
Ligero 0 .8 8 7 3 .2 0 > 10"5 3 .4 4 X 10"4 4 .7 9 X 1 0 " 6 5 .1 6 X 10" 5 46
Medio 0 .8 9 5 6 .7 0 ; 10~5 7 .2 1 X 1 0 " 4 7 .2 9 X 10"* 7 .8 5 X 10" 5 53
Pesado 0 .9 0 1 1 .9 6 X 1 0 " 4 2 .1 1 X 10" 3 1 .4 0 X 1 0 " 5 1.51 X 1 0 4 53
Temperatura baja 0 .8 4 4 1 .4 Q 5 1 .5 1 X 1 0 - 4 5 .2 0 X 1 0 6 5 .6 0 X 10 374

Aceites lubricantes
de máquinas herramientas ' ,
Ligero 0 .8 8 1 2 .2 0 X 1 0 " 5 2 .3 7 X 1 0" 4 3 .9 0 X 1 0 4 .2 0 x 1 0 j 40
Medio 0 .9 1 5 6 .6 0 X 1 0 " 5 . 7 .1 0 X 1 0 '4 7 .0 0 X 1 0 J 7 .5 3 x 10_^ 41
Pesado 0 .8 9 0 2 .0 0 X 1 0 " 4 ? .1 5 X 1 0 3 1 .5 5 X 1 0 ~ 1 6 7 x 10_____________ 7 3 ^

Nota: Consulte tam bién las tablas 2,4 y 2.5 del capítulo 2, para ver las propiedades de los aceites de grado SAE de motoies > ti a m isio n es.
■■■■ D Variación de la viscosidad
con la temperatura
A péndice D Variación de la viscosidad con la temperatura 595

x 1 0 -1 <

a x 10
CL,
O
CN

.5 x 10-3 i
•o
a
3
’c«
O
O

10-4 «

1 0 -5 <

-1 0 o 20 40 60 80 100 120
T em peratura T (°C )

V is c o s id a d dinám ica v e r s u s tem peratura - u n id a d e s del SI.

596 Apéndice D Variación de la viscosidad con la temperatura

100 150
T e m p er a tu r a T (°F )
V isco sid ad d in ám ica v e r s u s te m p e ra tu ra — u n id ad es del S istem a Inglés.
 E Propiedades del aire

TABLA E .1 P r o p ie d a d e s d e l a ir e
versus tem p era tu ra e n u n id a d e s d e l Peso Viscosidad Viscosidad
SI a la p resió n a t m o s f é r ic a e stá n d a r . Temperatura Densidad específico dinámica cinemática
T P y V v
(°C) (kg/m3) ( N /m 3) (Pa-s) (nr/s)
-4 0 1.514 14.85 1.51 X 10" 5 9.98 X 10- 6
-3 0 1.452 14.24 1.56 X 10" 5 1.08 X 10" 5
-2 0 1.394 13.67 1.62 X 10- 5 1.16 X 10- 5
-1 0 1.341 13.15 1.67 X 10" 5 1.24 X 10- 5
0 1.292 12.67 1.72 X 10" 5 1.33 X 10" 5
10 1.247 12.23 1.77 X 10" 5 1.42 X 10" 5
20 1.204 11.81 1.81 X 10- 5 1.51 X 10" 5
30 1.164 11.42 1.86 X 10- 5 1.60 X 10- 5
40 1.127 11.05 1.91 X 10~ 5 1.69 X 10" 5
50 1.092 10.71 1.95 X 10- 5 1.79 X 10" 5
60 1.060 10.39 1.99 X 10“ 5 1.89 X 10“ 5
70 1.029 10.09 2.04 X 10“ 5 1.99 X 10- 5
80 0.9995 9.802 2.09 X 10“ 5 2.09 X 10- 5

90 0.9720 9.532 2.13 X 10- 5 2.19 X 10~ 5

100 0.9459 9.277 2.17 X 10- 5 2.30 X 10" 5

110 0.9213 9.034 2.22 X 10- 5 2.40 X 10" 5

0.8978 8.805 2.26 X 10~5 2.51 X 10- 5

120

N o ta : Las propiedades del aire en con d icion es estándar a nivel del mar son las siguientes.

Temperatura 15 °C
P resión 101.325 kPa
D en sid ad 1.225 kg/m 3
P e so e sp e c ífic o 12.01 N /m 3
V iscosid ad dinám ica 1.789 X 10- ; , P a’s
V iscosid ad cinem ática 1.46 X 10- 5 m2/s

597
598 A p é n d ic e E Propiedades del aire

T A B L A E .2 P r o p ie d a d e s d e l a ire
versus tem p eratu ra e n u n id a d e s P eso V is c o s id a d V iscosid ad
T e m p e r a tu r a D e n s id a d e s p e c ífic o d in á m ic a cin em á tica
d e l S is te m a I n g lé s a la p r e s ió n
a tm o sfé r ic a están d ar. T P 7 V v
(°F ) ( s l u g s / p i e 3) ( l b / p i e 3) ( l b - s / p i e 2) (p ie2/ S)

-4 0 2.94 X 10 ~ 3 0.0946 3.15 X 10- 7 1.07 X 10“ 4

-2 0 2.80 X 10~ 3 0.0903 3.27 X 10- 7 1.17 x ícr 4
0 2.68 X 10~ 3 0.0864 3.41 X 10- 7 1.27 X 10-4
20 2.57 X 10~ 3 0.0828 3.52 X 10- 7 1.37 X 10“ 4
40 2.47 X 10~ 3 0.0795 3.64 X 10- 7 1.47 X 1CT4
60 2.37 X 10 ~ 3 0.0764 3.74 X 10- 7 1.58 X 10“ 4
80 2.28 X 10 ~ 3 0.0736 3.85 X 10- 7 1.69 X 10" 4
100 2.20 X 10 ~ 3 0.0709 3.97 X 10- 7 1.80 X 10-4
120 2.13 X 10 ~ 3 0.0685 4.06 X 10- 7 1.91 X 1CT4
140 2.06 X 10~ 3 0.0662 4.16 X 10- 7 2.02 X 1CT4

160 1.99 X 10~ 3 0.0641 4.27 X 10- 7 2.15 X ÍO^ 4

180 1.93 X 10~ 3 0.0621 4.38 X 10- 7 2.27 X 1CT4

200 1.87 X 10~ 3 0.0602 4.48 X 10- 7 2.40 X 10-4

4.58 X 10- 7 2.52 x íc r 4

220 1.81 X 10~ 3 0.0584
4.68 X 10- 7 2.66 X 10"4
240 1.76 X 10~ 3 0.0567
 Apéndice E P r o p ie d a d e s d el aire 599

TABLA E .3 P r o p ie d a d e s d e la a tm ó s fe r a .

Unidades SI
Unidades del Sistema Inglés
Temperatura Presión Densidad
Altitud T
Temperatura Presión Densidad
P P Altitud
(°C) T P P
f in ) (kPa) (kg/m3) (pies) (°F) (DSÍ) ( c lu o c /n ip ^J
l/lv

0 1 5 .0 0 1 0 1 .3 1.2 2 5 0 5 9 .0 0 14.69 6
200 1 3 .7 0 9 8 .9 1.202 500 5 7 .2 2 1 4 .4 3 3 2 .3 4 X 10 - 3
400 1 2 .4 0 9 6 .6 1 .1 7 9 1000 5 5 .4 3 1 4 .1 7 3 2 .2 5 X 10~3
600 11.10 9 4 .3 1 .1 5 6 5000 4 1 .1 7 12 .2 2 7 2 .0 5 X 10 - 3
800 9 .8 0 9 2 .1 1 .1 3 4 10000 2 3 .3 4 1 0 .1 0 6 1 .7 6 X 10 - 3
1000 8 .5 0 8 9 .9 1.112 15 0 0 0 5.51 8.2 9 3 1 .5 0 X 10- 3

2000 2.00 7 9 .5 1.0 0 7 20000 - 1 2 .6 2 6 .7 5 3 1 .2 7 X 10- 3

3000 -4 .4 9 7 0 .1 0 .9 0 9 3 30000 - 4 7 .9 9 4 .3 6 5 8 .8 9 X 10 - 4

4000 -1 0 .9 8 6 1 .7 0 .8 1 9 4 40000 -6 9 .7 0 2 .7 2 0 5 .8 5 X 10- 4

5000 - 1 7 .4 7 5 4 .0 0 .7 3 6 4 50000 -6 9 .7 0 1.683 3 .6 2 X 1 0 '4

2 6 .5 0 .4 1 3 5 60000 -6 9 .7 0 1.04 0 2 .2 4 X 10-4

10000 - 4 9 .9 0
0 .1 9 4 8 70000 - 6 7 .3 0 0 .6 4 4 1.38 X 10~4
15000 -5 6 .5 0 12.11
0 .0 8 8 9 80000 - 6 1 .8 1 0 .4 0 0 8 .4 5 X 10-5
20000 -5 6 .5 0 5 .5 3
0 .0 4 0 1 90000 - 5 6 .3 2 0 .2 5 1 5 .2 2 X 10-5
25000 - 5 1 .6 0 2 .5 5
0 .0 1 8 4 100000 -5 0 .8 4 0 .1 5 8 3 .2 5 X 10“ 5
30000 - 4 6 .6 4 1.20
National O ceanic and Atmospheric Administraron.
Datos tomados de U.S. S ta n d a r d A t m o s p h e r e , 1976 NOAA-S/T76-1562. W ashington, DC.
 A p é n d ic e E Propiedades del aire

60-
15

10
40- 5

20-
I— 10

^ oH
LL. -20 s
0 S3
*c«
2 O.
a
1u . -2 0 -
o -30 £
O. H
E
a
H -4 0 -1 -4 0

-6 0 - -5 0

— 60
-8 0 -

A ltitud (p ies x 1000)

J ___i___i___i___L J___I___1___I___I___I___L J___I___I___I................................. I I I l l

12 15 18 21 24 27 30
A ltitud (m x 1000)

(a) A ltitudes m ayores

70 n

60-
\- 15

50- - 10
ou
cd
-5 «3->
£ 40- a
<u
O-
E
u
-0 H
30-

. -5
20-

--10

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000
Altitud (m)
(b) Altitudes más bajas

F IG U R A E .l Propiedades de la atm ósfera estándar versus la altitud.

i ■■■ F Dimensiones de tuberías
de acero

TABLA F .l C é d u la 4 0 .

Tam año noni. Diámetro exterior Espesor de pared Diámetro interior F lu jo d e á r e a

de tubería
(pulg) (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (mm) (pies2) (m2)

% 0.405 10.3 0.068 1.73 0.269 0 .0 2 2 4 6.8 0.000 394 3.660 X 10~5
'/4 0.540 13.7 0.088 2.24 0.364 0.0303 9.2 0.000 723 6.717 X 10~5
% 0.675 17.1 0.091 2.31 0.493 0.0411 12.5 0.001 33 1.236 X 10-4
lA 0.840 21.3 0.109 2.77 0.622 0.0518 15.8 0.002 11 1.960 X 10~4
3A 1.050 26.7 0.113 2.87 0.824 0.0687 20.9 0.003 70 3.437 X 10~4

1 1.315 33.4 0.133 3.38 1.049 0.0874 26.6 0.006 00 5.574 X 10~4

1‘Á 1.660 42.2 0.140 3.56 1.380 0.1150 35.1 0.010 39 9.653 X 10"4

V/i 1.900 48.3 0.145 3.68 1.610 0.1342 40.9 0.014 14 1.314 X 10~3

60.3 0.154 3.91 2.067 0.1723 52.5 0.023 33 2.168 X 10~3

2 2.375
0.203 5.16 2.469 0.2058 62.7 0.033 26 3.090 X 10~3
2'/i 2.875 73.0
5.49 3.068 0.2557 77.9 0.051 32 4.768 X 10~3
3 3.500 88.9 0.216
5.74 3.548 0.2957 90.1 0.068 68 6.381 X 10~3
3'/2 4.000 101.6 0.226
4.026 0.3355 102.3 0.088 40 8.213 X 10~3
4 4.500 114.3 0.237 6.02
5.047 0.4206 128.2 0.139 0 1.291 X 10~2
5 5.563 141.3 0.258 6.55
6.065 0.5054 154.1 0.200 6 1.864 X 10~2
6 6.625 168.3 0.280 7.11
0.6651 202.7 0.347 2 3.226 X 10~2
0.322 8.18 7.981
8 8.625 219.1
10.020 0.8350 254.5 0.547 9 5.090 X 10~2
10 273.1 0.365 9.27
10.750
0.9948 303.2 0.777 1 7.219 X 10~2
0.406 10.31 11.938
12 12.750 323.9
1.094 333.4 0.939 6 8.729 X 10~2
0.437 11.10 13.126
14 14.000 355.6
1.250 381.0 1.227 0.1140
0.500 12.70 15.000
16 16.000 406.4
1.406 428.7 1.553 0.1443
0.562 14.27 16.876
18 18.000 457.2 0.1794
18.814 1.568 477.9 1.931
0.593 15.06
20 20.000 508.0 0.2594
22.626 1.886 574.7 2.792
0.687 17.45
24 24.000 609.6
602 A p én d ice F D im ensiones de tuberías de acero

T A B L A F.2 Cédula 80.

Tamaño nom. Diámetro exterior Espesor de pared Diámetro interior Flujo de área
de tubería
(pulg) (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (pies) (mm) (pies2) (m2)

Vs 0.405 10.3 0.095 2.41 0.215 0.017 92 5.5 0.000 253 2.350 X 10~5
Va 0.540 13.7 0.119 3.02 0.302 0.025 17 7.7 0.000 497 4.617 X 10~5
3/8 0.675 17.1 0.126 3.20 0.423 0.035 25 10.7 0.000 976 9.067 X 10~5
*/2 0.840 21.3 0.147 3.73 0.546 0.045 50 13.9 0.001 625 1.510 X 10-4
3/4 1.050 26.7 0.154 3.91 0.742 0.061 83 18.8 0.003 00 2.787 X 10-4
1 1.315 33.4 0.179 4.55 0.957 0.079 75 24.3 0.004 99 4.636 X KT4
VA 1.660 42.2 0.191 4.85 1.278 0.106 5 32.5 0.008 91 8.278 X 10~4
V/2 1.900 48.3 0 .2 0 0 5.08 1.500 0.125 0 38.1 0.012 27 1.140 X 10-3
2 2.375 60.3 0.218 5.54 1.939 0.161 6 49.3 0 .0 2 0 51 1.905 X KT3
2Vi 2.875 73.0 0.276 7.01 2.323 0.193 6 59.0 0.029 44 2.735 X 10~3
3 3.500 88.9 0.300 7.62 2.900 0.241 7 73.7 0.045 90 4.264 X 10~3
3 Vi 4.000 1 0 1 .6 0.318 8.08 3.364 0.280 3 85.4 0.061 74 5.736 X 10-3
4 4.500 114.3 0.337 8.56 3.826 0.318 8 97.2 0.079 86 7.419 X 10~3
5 5.563 141.3 0.375 9.53 4.813 0.401 1 122.3 0.126 3 1.173 X 10~:
6 6.625 168.3 0.432 10.97 5.761 0.480 1 146.3 0.181 0 1.682 X 10"
8 8.625 219.1 0.500 12.70 7.625 0.635 4 193.7 0.317 4 2.949 X 10':
10 10.750 273.1 0.593 15.06 9.564 0.797 0 242.9 0.498 6 4.632 x 10~:
12 12.750 323.9 0.687 17.45 11.376 0.948 0 289.0 0.705 6 6.555 X 10 '
14 14.000 355.6 0.750 19.05 12.500 1.042 317.5 0.852 1 7.916 x 10~:
16 16.000 406.4 0.842 21.39 14.314 1.193 363.6 1.117 0.1038
18 18.000 457.2 0.937 23.80 16.126 1.344 1.418 0.1317
409.6
20 508.0 1.755 0.1630
2 0 .0 0 0 1.031 26.19 17.938 1.495 455.6
24 24.000 0.2344
609.6 1.218 30.94 21.564 1.797 547.7 2.535
 Diámetro
exterior Espesor de pared Diámetro interior Flujo de área

(pulg* (mm)______ (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (pies) (mm) (pie2) (in2)

lÁ 3 .1 8 0 .0 3 2 0 .8 1 3 0 .0 6 1 0.00508 1.549 2.029 X 10~ 5 1.885 X 10- 6

0 .0 3 5 0 .8 8 9 0 .0 5 5 0.00458 1.397 1.650 X 10~ 5 1.533 X 10- 6
Vi 6 4 .7 6 0 .0 3 2 0 .8 1 3 0 .1 2 4 0.01029 3.137 8.319 X 10~ 5 7.728 X 10- 6
0 .0 3 5 0 .8 8 9 0 .1 1 7 0.00979 2.985 7.530 X 10~5 6.996 X 10- 6
'/4 6 .3 5 0 .0 3 5 0 .8 8 9 0 .1 8 0 0.01500 4.572 1.767 X 10~ 4 1.642 X 10~ 5
0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 0 .1 5 2 0.01267 3.861 1.260 X 10~4 1.171 X 10" 5
5/l6 7 .9 4 0 .0 3 5 0 .8 8 9 0 .2 4 3 0 .0 2 0 2 1 6.160 3.207 X 10- 4 2.980 X 10~5
0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 0 .2 1 5 0.01788 5.448 2.509 X 10- 4 2.331 X 10- 5
% 9 .5 3 0 .0 3 5 0 .8 8 9 0 .3 0 5 0.02542 7.747 5.074 X 10~ 4 4.714 X 10~ 5
0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 0 .2 7 7 0.02308 7.036 4.185 X 10~ 4 3.888 X 10" 5

xh 1 2 .7 0 0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 0 .4 0 2 0.03350 10 .2 1 8.814 X ÍO^ 4 8.189 X 10~ 5

0 .0 6 5 1.65 0 .3 7 0 0.03083 9.40 7.467 X 10~ 4 6.937 X 10~ 5

5/s 1 5 .8 8 0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 0 .5 2 7 0.04392 13.39 1.515 X 10~ 3 1.407 X 10“ 4

0 .0 6 5 1.65 0 .4 9 5 0.04125 12.57 1.336 X 10- 3 1.242 X 10- 4

1 .2 4 0 .6 5 2 0.05433 16.56 2.319 X 10~ 3 2.154 X 10- 4

3/4 1 9 .0 5 0 .0 4 9
1 .6 5 0 .6 2 0 0.05167 15.75 2.097 X 10" 3 1.948 X 10- 4
0 .0 6 5
0 .7 7 7 0.06475 19.74 3.293 X 10~3 3.059 X 10- 4
7/& 2 2 .2 3 0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4
0 .7 4 5 0.06208 18.92 3.027 X 10" 3 2.812 X 10- 4
0 .0 6 5 1.6 5
0 .8 7 0 0.07250 2 2 .1 0 4.128 X 10" 3 3.835 X 10" 4
1 2 5 .4 0 0 .0 6 5 1.65
0 .8 3 4 0.06950 21.18 3.794 X 10- 3 3.524 X 10- 4
0 .0 8 3 2.11

1.120 0.09333 28.45 6.842 X 10~3 6.356 X 10~4

l'/4 3 1 .7 5 0 .0 6 5 1.65
1 .0 8 4 0.09033 27.53 6.409 X 10~ 3 5.954 X 10" 4
0 .0 8 3 2.11

1 .3 7 0 0.1142 34.80 1.024 X 10~ 2 9.510 X 10- 4

l'/2 3 8 .1 0 0 .0 6 5 1.65
1 .3 3 4 0 .1 1 1 2 33.88 9.706 X 10" 3 9.017 X 10- 4
0 .0 8 3 2.11

1 .6 2 0 0.1350 41.15 1.431 X 10- 2 1.330 X 10-3

P/ 4 0 .0 6 5 1.6 5
4 4 .4 5
1 .5 8 4 0.1320 40.23 1.368 X 10- 2 1.271 X 10~ 3
0 .0 8 3 2.11

1 .8 7 0 0.1558 47.50 1.907 X 10" 2 1.772 X 10-3

2 0 .0 6 5 1 .65
5 0 .8 0
1 .8 3 4 0.1528 46.58 1.835 X 10" 2 1.704 X 10- 3
0 .0 8 3 2.11

603
■■■■ H Dimensiones de tubos de cobre
tipo K

Tamaño Diámetro Espesor

nominal exterior de pared Diámetro interior Flujo de área
(pulg) (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (pies) (mm) (pies2) (m2)
1
'/fe 0 .2 5 0 6 .3 5 0 .0 3 5 0 .8 8 9 0 .1 8 0 0 .0 1 5 0 4 .5 7 2 1 .7 6 7 X 1 0 ~ 4 1 .6 4 2 X l( T 5
lÁ 0 .3 7 5 9 .5 3 0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 5 0 .2 7 7 0 .0 2 3 1 7 .0 3 6 4 . 1 8 5 X 10" 4 3 .8 8 8 X 10-5
v% 0 .5 0 0 1 2 .7 0 0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 5 0 .4 0 2 0 .0 3 3 5 1 0 .2 1 8 . 8 1 4 X 10" 4 8 .1 8 9 X 1(T5
xh 0 .6 2 5 1 5 .8 8 0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 5 0 .5 2 7 0 .0 4 3 9 1 3 .3 9 1 .5 1 5 X 1 0 ~ 3 1 .4 0 7 X 10~4

5A 0 .7 5 0 1 9 .0 5 0 .0 4 9 1 .2 4 5 0 .6 5 2 0 .0 5 4 3 1 6 .5 6 2 .3 1 9 X 1 0 " 3 2 .1 5 4 X 10~4
3/4 0 .8 7 5 2 2 .2 3 0 .0 6 5 1 .6 5 1 0 .7 4 5 0 .0 6 2 1 1 8 .9 2 3 .0 2 7 X 10~3 2 .8 1 2 X 10-4
1 1 .1 2 5 2 8 .5 8 0 .0 6 5 1.651 0 .9 9 5 0 .0 8 2 9 2 5 .2 7 5 .4 0 0 X 10~3 5 .0 1 7 X 10~4
VA 1 .3 7 5 3 4 .9 3 0 .0 6 5 1.651 1 .2 4 5 0 .1 0 3 7 3 1 .6 2 8 .4 5 4 X 10"3 7 .8 5 4 X 10-4

V/2 1 .6 2 5 4 1 .2 8 0 .0 7 2 1 .8 2 9 1.481 0 .1 2 3 4 3 7 .6 2 1 .1 9 6 X 1 0 " 2 luí x nr3

2 2 .1 2 5 5 3 .9 8 0 .0 8 3 2 .1 0 8 1 .9 5 9 0 .1 6 3 2 4 9 .7 6 2 .0 9 3 X 1 0 " 2 1 .9 4 5 X 10~3
2X
A 2 .6 2 5 6 6 .6 8 0 .0 9 5 2 .4 1 3 2 .4 3 5 0 .2 0 2 9 6 1 .8 5 3 .2 3 4 X 10-2 3 .0 0 4 X 10“3
3 3 .1 2 5 7 9 .3 8 0 .1 0 9 2 .7 6 9 2 .9 0 7 0 .2 4 2 3 7 3 .8 4 4 .6 0 9 X 10"2 4 .2 8 2 X 10~3

3 lA 3 .6 2 5 9 2 .0 8 0 .1 2 0 3 .0 4 8 3 .3 8 5 0 .2 8 2 1 8 5 .9 8 6 .2 4 9 X 1 0 ~ 2 5 .8 0 6 X 10-3
4 4 .1 2 5 1 0 4 .8 0 .1 3 4 3 .4 0 4 3 .8 5 7 0 .3 2 1 4 9 7 .9 7 8 .1 1 4 X 10~ 2 7 .5 3 8 X 10“3
5 5 .1 2 5 1 3 0 .2 0 .1 6 0 4 .0 6 4 4 .8 0 5 0 .4 0 0 4 1 2 2 .0 1 .2 5 9 X 10 _1 1 .1 7 0 X 10“ 2
6 6 .1 2 5 1 5 5 .6 0 .1 9 2 4 .8 7 7 5 .7 4 1 0 .4 7 8 4 1 4 5 .8 1 .7 9 8 X 1 0 _1 1 .6 7 0 X 10-2

8 8 .1 2 5 2 0 6 .4 0 .2 7 1 6 .8 8 3 7 .5 8 3 0 .6 3 1 9 1 9 2 .6 3 . 1 3 6 X 1 0 _1 2 .9 1 4 X 10-2
10 1 0 .1 2 5 2 5 7 .2 0 .3 3 8 8 .5 8 5 9 .4 4 9 0 .7 8 7 4 2 4 0 .0 4 .8 7 0 X 1 0 " 1 4 .5 2 4 X 10-2
12 1 2 .1 2 5 3 0 8 .0 0 .4 0 5 1 0 .2 8 7 1 1 .3 1 5 0 .9 4 2 9 2 8 7 .4 6 .9 8 3 X 1 0 ' 1 6 .4 8 7 X 10-2

604
■ ■ ■ ■
I Dimensiones de tuberías
de hierro dúctil

TABLA 1.1 Clase lr>0 para presión de servicio de 150 psi (1.03 MPa).

Tam. nominal Diámetro Espesor

de tuberías exterior de pared Diámetro interior Área de flujo
ipulg) (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (mm) (pulg) (pies) (m m ) (pies2)

3 3.96 100.6 0.320 8.13 3.32 0.277 84.3 0.0601 5 .5 8 5 X 1 0 ~ 3

4 4.80 121.9 0.350 8.89 4.10 0.342 104.1 0.0917 8 .5 1 8 X 1 0 " 3
6 6.90 175.3 0.380 9.65 6.14 0.512 156.0 0.2056 1 .9 1 0 X 1 0 ~ 2
8 9.05 229.9 0 .4 1 0 10.41 8.23 0.686 209.0 0.3694 3 .4 3 2 X 1 0 ~ 2
10 11.10 281.9 0.440 11.18 10.22 0.852 259.6 0.5697 5 .2 9 2 X 1 0 ~ 2
12 13.20 335.3 0.480 12.19 12.24 1.020 310.9 0.8171 7 .5 9 1 X 1 0 ~ 2
14 15.65 397.5 0.510 12.95 14.63 1.219 371.6 1.167 0 .1 0 8 5

16 17.80 452.1 0.540 13.72 16.72 1.393 424.7 1.525 0 .1 4 1 7

18 19.92 506.0 0.580 14.73 18.76 1.563 476.5 1.920 0 .1 7 8 3

20 22.06 560.3 0.620 15.75 20.82 1.735 528.8 2.364 0 .2 1 9 6

24 26.32 668.5 0.730 18.54 24.86 2.072 631.4 3.371 0 .3 1 3 2

605
 ■■ J Areas de círculos

TA B LA J .l U n id a d e s d e l S is t e m a
Diámetro Área
I n g lé s .

(pulg) (pies) (pulg2) (pies2)

0.25 0.0208 0.0491 3.409 X 10' 4

0.50 0.0417 0.1963 1.364 X 10~3
0.75 0.0625 0.4418 3.068 X 10~3
1.00 0.0833 0.7854 5.454 X 10~3
1.25 0.1042 1.227 8.522 X 10~3
1.50 0.1250 1.767 1.227 X 10~2
1.75 0.1458 2.405 1.670 X 10~2
2 .0 0 0.1667 3.142 2.182 X 10~2
2.50 0.2083 4.909 3.409 X 10~2
3.00 0.2500 7.069 4.909 X 10~2
3.50 0.2917 9.621 6.681 X 10~2
4.00 0.3333 12.57 8.727 X 10~2
4.50 0.3750 15.90 0.1104

5.00 0.4167 19.63 0.1364

6 .0 0 0.5000 28.27 0.1963

7.00 0.5833 38.48 0.2673

8.0 0 0.6667 50.27 0.3491

9.00 0.7500 63.62 0.4418

10.00 0.8333 78.54 0.5454

12.00 1.00 113.1 0.7854

18.00 1.50 254.5 1.767

24.00 2 .0 0 452.4 3.142

606
 Apendice J Area de círculos

T 4BLA J.2 Unidades SI. ^

Diámetro Árt.a

(mm) (m) (mm2) (n r)

6 0.006 28.27 2.827 X 10"5

12 0.012 113.1 1.131 X 10~4
18 0.018 254.5 2.545 X 10~4
25 0.025 490.9 4.909 X 10"4
32 0.032 804.2 8.042 X 10~4
40 0.040 1257 1.257 X 10"3
45 0.045 1590 1.590 X 10-3
50 0.050 1963 1.963 X 10~3
60 0.060 2827 2.827 X 10-3
75 0.075 4418 4.418 X 10-3
90 0.090 6362 6.362 X 10-3
100 0.100 7854 7.854 X 10~3
115 0.115 1.039 X 104 1.039 X 10~2
125 0.125 1.227 X 104 1.227 X 10~2
150 0.150 1.767 X 104 1.767 X 10~2
175 0.175 2.405 X 104 2.405 X 10-2

200 0.200 3 .142 X 104 3.142 X 10-2

225 0.225 3.976 X 104 3.976 X 10"2

250 0.250 4 909 X 104 4.909 X 10”2

300 0.300 7.069 X 104 7.069 X 10-2

450 0.450 1.590 X 105 1.590 X 10_1

600 0.600 2.827 X 10s 2.827 X 10” '

 ■ K Factores de conversión

Nota: E n g e n e r a l, a q u í s e d a n lo s f a c t o r e s d e c o n v e r s ió n c o n tres o cuatro cifras s‘ T

v a s . E n la r e fe r e n c ia 1 d e l c a p ít u lo 1, I E E E /A S T M S ta n d a rd S I 1 0 -2 0 0 2 , se dispone d'03'*
va
lo r e s m á s p r e c is o s .

T A B L A K.1 F a c to r e s d e
Masa U n id a d e s tá n d a r d e l S I: k ilo g r a m o ( k g ) . U n id a d e q u iv a le n te : N -s2/ m
c o n v e r s ió n
1 4 .5 9 k g 3 2 .1 7 4 lb m 2 .2 0 5 lb m 4 5 3 .6 g ra m o s 2 0 0 0 lb m 1000kp

s lu g s lu g kg lbm
to n m tonelada métricam

Fuerza U n id a d e s tá n d a r d e l S I: n e w to n ( N ) . U n id a d e q u iv a le n te : k g -m /s2.

4 .4 4 8 N 10 5 d in a s 4 . 4 4 8 X 1 0 5 d in a s 2 2 4 .8 lb f

lb f N lb f kN

Longitud
3 .2 8 1 p ie s 3 9 .3 7 p u lg 12 p u lg 1 .6 0 9 k m 5 2 8 0 p ie s 6 076 pies

m m p ie s mi mi m illa náutica

Área
1 4 4 p u lg 2 1 0 .7 6 p ie s 2 6 4 5 .2 m m 2 106 m m 2 4 3 ,5 6 0 p i e s 2 104 m2

p ie s 2 m2 p u lg 2 nr acre hectárea

Volumen
1 7 2 8 p u lg 3 2 3 1 p u lg 3 7 .4 8 g a l 2 6 4 .2 g a l 3 .7 8 5 L 35.31 p ies3

p ie s 3 gal p ie s 3 m3 gal m3

2 8 .3 2 L 1000 L 6 1 .0 2 p u lg 3 lO O O cm 3 1.201 U .S . gal

g a ló n im p erial
p ie s 3 m3 L L

Flujo volumétrico
4 4 9 g a l/m in 3 5 .3 1 p ie s 3/ s 15 8 5 0 g a l/m in 3 .7 8 5 L /m in

p ie s 3/ s m 3/ s m 3/ s g a l/m in

6 0 0 0 0 L /m in 2 1 1 9 p ie s 3/m in 1 6 .6 7 L /m in 1 0 1 .9 m 3/h

m 3/s m 3/ s m 3/h p ie s 3/s

Densidad (masa/unidad de volumen)

5 1 5 .4 k g /m 3 1 0 0 0 k g /m 3 3 2 .1 7 lb m/ p i e s 3 16.018 k g /m 3

s l u g /p ie s 3 g r a m o s /c m 3 s lu g /p i e s 3 lb m /p ies3 __________ _

Peso específico (peso/unidad de volumen)

157.1 N /m 3 1 7 2 8 lh /p ie s 3
A pén dice K Factores de conversión 609

Presión ^ U n id a d están d ar d el SI: p a sca l (P a). U n id a d e s e q u iv a len te s: N /m 2 o k g /m * s2.

U 4 lb /p ie s 2 4 7 .8 8 Pa 6 8 9 5 Pa 1 Pa lO O kPa 1 4 .5 0 lb /p u lg 2
lb /p u lg lb /p ie s “ lb /p u lg 2 N /m 2 bar bar

2 7 .6 8 p u lg H 2Q 2 4 9 .1 Pa 2 .0 3 6 p u lg H g 3 3 8 6 Pa 133.3 Pa 5 1 .7 1 m m H g

lb /p u lg - p u lg H 20 lb /p u lg 2 p u lg H g mmHg lb /p u lg 2

1 4 .6 9 6 lb /p u lg 2 1 0 1 .3 2 5 kPa 2 9 .9 2 p u lg H g 7 6 0 .1 m m H g
atm . está n d a r atm . están d ar atm . están d ar atm . están d ar

N o t o : L o s fa c to r e s d e c o n v e r sió n b a sa d o s en la altura d e una c o lu m n a d e líq u id o (por

e je m p lo en p u lg H ? 0 y m m H g ), y q u e su v e z se b asan en un c a m p o g r a v ita cio n a l e s ­
tándar (g = 9 .8 0 6 6 5 m /s “), una d en sid a d d e l agua ig u a l a 1 0 0 0 k g /m 3 y una d en sid a d
d e l m erc u r io d e 13 5 9 5 .1 k g /m 3, a v e c e s recib en e l n o m b re d e v a lo r e s c o n v e n c io n a le s
para una tem peratura d e 0 °C o cerca n a a e ste valor. L as m e d ic io n e s r ea le s co n tales
flu id o s p u ed en variar, d e b id o a las d ifer e n c ia s en la g ra v ed a d lo c a l y la tem peratura.

Energía U n id a d están d ar d e l SI: jo u le (J). U n id a d eq u iv a le n te: N *m o k g*m 2/ s 2.

1 .3 5 6 J 1 .0 J 8 .8 5 lb -p u lg 1.055 kJ 3 .6 0 0 kJ 7 7 8 .1 7 p ie -lb
lb -p ie s N- • m J Btu W *h B tu

Potencia U n id a d estándar d e l SI: (W ) U n id a d eq u iv a len te : J/s o N *m /s.

7 4 5 .7 W 1.0 W 5 5 0 lb - p ie s /s 1 .3 5 6 W 3 .4 1 2 B tu /h 1.341 hp
hp N -m s hp lb - p ie s /s W kW

Viscosidad dinámica U n id ad estándar d e l SI: Pa*s o N * s/m 2 (c P = c e n tip o ise )

4 7 .8 8 P a -s lO p o is e 1000 cP lO O cP 1 cP

lb -s p ie s 2 Pa ' s Pa 's p o is e 1 m Pa*s

Viscosidad cinemática U n id ad estándar d el SI: m 2/s (c S t = c e n tisto k e )

1 0 .7 6 4 p ie s 2/s 10 4 sto k e 10 6 c S t 100 c S t 1 cSt 10 6 m m 2/s

m 2/ s m 2/s m 2/s sto k e l m m 2/s m 2/s
C o n su lte la se c c ió n 2 .7 .5 para la c o n v e r sió n a se g u n d o s S a y b o lt U n iv ersa l.

Enfoque general para aplicar los factores de conversión. A c o m o d a r lo s factores de

c o n v e r s ió n de la labia, de tal m anera que cu a n d o se m u ltip liq u e por una cantidad dada,
las u n id a d es o r ig in a le s se c a n c e le n y q u ed en las q u e se d esea n .

Ejemplo 1 Convertir 0.24 m 3/s a gal/min:

I 5 8 5 0 g a l.m in
(0.24 nv ,s ) ------------=----------- = 3804 gal/min
m (S

Ejemplo 2 Convertir 150 gal/min a m 3/s:

1 m3 s
(1 5 0 gal, m in) - - - — ¡— — = 9.46 X 10 ~ 3 m 3, s
15 8 5 0 gal/m in

Conversiones de tem peratura (consulte la sección 1.7)

D ada la tem peratura Fahrcnheit '/'/• c 11 ÜF, la tem peratura C e lsiu s 7’r en °C es

Tr - (7>, - 3 2 ) /1 .8

D ada la tem peratura T r en "C\ la temperatura 7 ,, en °F es

7/.- = 1.87; • + 32
610 A p é n d ic e K Factores de conversión

T A B L A K .1 Factores de Dada la temperatura Tc en °C, la temperatura absoluta TK en K (kelvin) es

conversión (continúa).
TK = T C + 273.15

Dada la temperatura 7> en °F, la temperatura absoluta TR en °R (grados

Rankine) es

Tr = 7> + 459.67

Dada la temperatura TF en °F, la temperatura absoluta TK en K es

Tk = (Tf + 45 9 .6 7 )/1.8 = 7 * / 1 .8
 L Propiedades de las áreas

Area de la Distancia Momento de inercia

sección al cjeT respecto del eje
Sección .4 centroidal centroidal / C

Cuadrado
n

/ / ---------- ----- — I ---- H2 Hl 2 // 4/l 2

y

Rectángulo
"I

/ / ---------------- ----- —
i _ S/y Hl 2 b / / 3/12
V
ir
u

Triángulo

BHI2 Hl 3 BH^/36
 Propiedades de las áreas (continúa)

Á rea d e la D ista n cia

M o m en to de inercia
se c c ió n a le je } ?
resp ecto del eje
S e cció n A centroidal centroidal I

Círculo

k D 2/ 4 D /2 7 lD 4/64

A n illo

K ( D 2 - d 2) D/2 7l(D 4 - ¿ 4 )
64

S em icírcu lo

7 iD 2/ 8 0.212D (6.86 x 10"J)D 4

Cuadrante

k D 2/ 1 6 0 .2 1 2 D (3.43 x 10~3)D 4
k R 2/ 4 0 .4 2 4 R (5.49 x 10~2)tf 4

Trapecio

K g -H

H(G +B) H ( G + 2 B)
3( G + B ) 36(G + B)

612
M Propiedades de los sólidos

V o lu m en D istan cia al
Forma V cen tro id e J

H! 2 desde cualquier cara

BHG B/2,H/2'OG/2
desde una cara en particular

k D 2H
 Propiedades de los sólidos (continúa)

V o lu m e n D istan cia al
F o rm a V c en tro id e y

BGH
HI4

n H ( D 2 - d 2)
H /2

rcD3
D! 2
6~

Esfera

kD 3
3 D /1 6
~TT

kD 2H
H! 4
12

614
■■■■ N Constante de los gases,
exponente adiabático y
relación de presión crítica
para gases seleccionados
Constante del gas R

pie-lb N-m
Relación de
Gas Ib-°R NK k presión crítica

Aire 53.3 29.2 1.40 0.528

Amoniaco 91.0 49.9 1.32 0.542
Dióxido de carbono 35.1 19.3 1.30 0.546
Gas natural (común, 79.1 43.4 1.27 0.551
depende del gas)
Nitrógeno 55.2 30.3 1.41 0.527
Oxígeno 48.3 26.5 1.40 0.528
Propano 35.0 19.2 1.15 0.574
Refrigerante 12 12.6 6.91 1.13 0.578

615
■■■■ Respuestas de los problemas
seleccionados

Capítulo 1 1.85 D e n s id a d = 8 8 3 k g /m 3
1.1 1 .2 5 m P e s o e s p e c í f i c o = 8 .6 6 k N /m 3
1.3 3 .6 5 X 10 6 m 3 G r a v e d a d e s p e c í f ic a = 0 .8 8 3
1.5 3 9 1 X 106 m m 3 1.87 634 N
1.7 2 2 .2 m /s 1.89 2 .7 2 X 1 0 ~ 3 m 3
1.9 2993 m 1.91 D e n s id a d = 7 8 9 k g /m 3
1.11 786 m P e s o e s p e c í f i c o = 7 .7 4 k N /m 3
1.13 7 .3 9 X 1 0 1.93 w = 3 . 5 3 6 M N m = 3 6 0 .5 M g
1.15 1 .8 3 m /s 1.95 3 .2 3 N
1.17 4 7 .2 m /s 1.97 2 .3 8 X 1 0 - 3 s l u g s /p i e 3
1.19 4 8 .7 m i/h 1.99 0 . 9 0 4 a 4 0 ° F 0 .8 6 5 a 1 2 0 °F
1.2 1 8 .0 5 X 1 0 -2 m /s 1.101 P e s o e s p e c í f i c o = 5 6 .1 lb /p ie 3
1.23 0 .2 6 4 p ie / s 2 D e n s id a d = 1 .7 4 s l u g s /p ie 3
1.25 1 0 . 8 N - m G r a v e d a d e s p e c í f ic a = 0 .8 9 9
1.27 1 .7 6 k N - m 1.103 1 4 2 Ib
1.29 3 7 .4 g 1.105 2745 cm 3
1.31 1 .5 6 m /s 1.107 1 .5 3 s l u g s /p i e 3; 0 .7 9 g /c m 3
1.33 2 6 7 0 0 p ie* lb 1.109 V o lu m e n = 1 .1 6 X 10 5 g a l
1.35 6 .2 0 s lu g s P e s o = 6 . 6 0 X 1 0 5 Ib
1.37 4 .6 3 p ie s /s 1 .1 1 1 0 .7 2 4 1b
1.39 2 .4 9 c a r r e r a s/ju e g o
1.41 1 2 9 en tra d a s Capítulo 2
1.43 3 5 4 p si 2.19 1 .5 X 1 0 3 P a - s
1.45 2 .7 2 M P a 2.23 1 .9 0 P a - s
1.47 119 p si 2.25 8 .9 X 1 0 " 6 l b - s / p i e 2
1.49 4 0 .2 5 k N 2.29 4 .1 X 1 0 - 3 lb - s / p ie
1.51 2 .2 6 p u lg 2.31 2 .8 X 1 0 —5 lb * s/ p íe
1.57 1 3 0 0 p si 8 .9 6 M P a 2.33 9 .5 X 1 0 —5 lb - s /p i e
1.59 1 8 9 0 p si 1 3 .0 3 M P a 2.35 2 .2 X 1 0 - 4 Ib - s/ p íe
1.61 — 1 .5 9 p or c ie n t o 2.55 r/ = 3 5 0 0 m P a -s : C ig ü e ñ a l a —2 0 ° C
1.63 8 8 4 lb /p u lg 17 = 6 0 0 0 0 m P a -s : B o m b e o a —3 0 °C
1.65 1 4 137 lb /p u lg v = 9 .3 X 10 -6 m 2/s a 10 0 °C m ín im o
1.67 6 2 .2 k g v = 1 2 .5 X 10 -6 m 2/s a 1 0 0 °C m á x im o
1.69 8 0 9 3 N ti = 2 .9 m P a - s a 1 5 0 ° C m ín im o
1.71 0 .2 4 2 s lu g 2.57 5 .6 0 X 1 0 -6 m 2 s 6 .0 3 X 10 -> ¡ 6 / s
1.73 5 0 .9 Ib 2.59 1 .3 6 X 1 0
-4
lb - s /p i e
1.75 m = 4 .9 7 s lu g s 2.61 0 .4 0 2 P a -s
w = 712 N 2.63 2 .0 7 X 10"4 lb -s , p ie 2
m= 7 2 .5 k g
2.65 7 8 .0 S U S
1.77 9810 N
2.66 257 SU S
1.81 1 .2 2 5 k g /m 3
2.67 871 S U S
1-83 0 .9 0 3 a 5 °C
2.68 1130 S U S
0 .8 6 5 a 5 0 °C
2.69 706 SU S

616
 Respuestas de los problemas seleccionados
617

, 70 955 S U S ^ 4.9 6 .0 5 lb
' 71 |3 4 9 m n r /s 4.11 137 k N
,-j2 ^ m n r /s 4.13 1 .2 6 M N
17? 12.5 m n r /s 4.15 Fr = 1 26 3 0 0 1 b
¿74 37.5 m m ’/s
hp = 1 0 .3 3 p ie s , d e p rofu n d id ad vertical al centro
2^75 1018 m n r /s d e p resió n
1% 113.6 m n r / s Lp = 1 1 .9 3 p ie s
4.17 Fr = 4 6 .8 k N
Capitulo 3 hp = 0 .9 3 3 m , d e p rofu n d id ad vertical al centro
12.7 psia d e p resió n
3.11
3.13 Cero p resión m a n o m é tr ic a Ln = 1.32 m
3.15 56 kPa( m a n o m é tr ic a ) 4.19 Fr = 1 .0 9 k N Lp —9 6 6 m m
3.17 - 2 3 k P a (m a n o m é tr ic a ) Lp —Lc = 13.3 m m
3.19 3S4 k P a(ab s ) 4.21 Fr = 1 7 8 7 1 b Lp 13.51 p ie s
3.21 105.4 k P a(ab s) Lp —Lc = 0 .0 1 3 6 p ie s
323 13 k P a(ab s) 4.23 Fr = 1 .2 1 3 k N Lp 1.1 2 2 m
325 8.1 p sig Lp —Lc = 5 .9 8 m m
327 - 3 . 2 p sig 4.25 Fr = 5 .7 9 k N 1 .3 7 2 m
129 5 5 .7 p sia Lp —Lc = 0 .0 6 3 7 m
3.31 15.3 psia 4.27 Fr = 1 1 .9 7 k N Lp = 1.693 m
333 1.9 psia Lp —Lc = 0 .0 2 3 5 m
3.35 4.29 F r = 3 2 9 .6 lb Lp = 4 7 .8 1 p u lg
1.05
3.37 5.5 6 p sig
Lp —Lc = 0 .4 6 9 p u lg
3-39 4.31 F r = 247 N Lp 1 9 6 .5 m m
32.37 k P a (m a n o m é tr ic a )
3.41 177.9 p sig
Lp —Lc = 0 .0 4 6 5 m
4.33 F r = 2 9 9 5 0 lb = 5 .3 3 3 p ie s
3.43 /^superficie 2 4 .7 7 k P a (a b s)
4.35 F r = 34 5861b = 6 .1 5 8 p ie s
Pfondo = 6 7 .9 3 k P a (a b s)
4.37 F r = 343 kN = 3 .0 6 7 m
3.45 61.73 p sig
3.47
4.39 Fr = 1 1 .9 2 k N = 1 .0 0 m
13.36 p ie s
3.49
4.41 F u erza sob re la b isagra = 4 .8 5 k N h acia la izq uierda
6 .84 m
Fuerza sob re el a p o y o = 2 .9 5 k N h a cia la izqu ierda
3 il 7 0 .6 k P a (m a n o m é tr ic a )
3i3
4.43 = 3 .2 9 kN
Fr
110 M Pa
Lnp - Lce = 4 .4 2 m m
3.55 —2 2 .4 7 k P a (m a n o m é tr ic a )
4.45 F r = 18261b
3.63 P % ~ P \ = —0 .2 5 8 psi
Lpe - Lce = 1.885 pu lg
3.65 Px ~ Pb = 9 6 .0 3 k P a
Fv =
4.47 F r = 4 8 .5 8 kN 3 5 .8 9 kN
3.67 Pa = 9 0 .0 5 k P a (m a n o m é tr ic a ) F h = 3 2 .7 4 kN
3.69 P a ~ P b = 2 .7 3 p si Fv =
4.49 Fr = 120 5 5 0 1 b 9 9 9 2 5 lb
3.71 P a = 0 .2 5 4 k P a (m a n o m é tr íc a ) Fh = 674371b
3.77 30.06 p u lg Fv =
4.51 F r = 959.1 kN 9 2 7 .2 kN
3.81 83 .4 4 kPa = 2 4 5 .3 kN
Fh
3.83 14.99 psia 4.53 = 8 0 .7 k N
Fr F v = 5 4 .0 kN
3.85 9 8 .9 4 k P a ía b s) F h = 6 0 .0 kN
3.87 P = - 0 . 1 3 3 p si 4.55 Fr = 6 4 .4 9 k N Fy = 4 7 .1 5 kN
P = —9 1 7 Pa pH= 4 4 .0 0 kN
3^9 P = 2 .8 8 kPa 4.57 70.1 lb hacia abajo
P = 0 .4 1 8 psi 4.59 C ero
3.91
P ~ - 2 5 . 7 p u lg Hg 4.61 70.1 lb h acia abajo
3.93 P ~ 4 .1 5 psi
P = 2 8 .6 kPa
C a p í t u lo 5
( ^ P ítu lo 5.1 Fuerza de flo ta ció n = 8 1 4 N Tensión = 556 N
4
5.3 S e hundirá
4,1 1673 lh
5.5 2 3 4 mm
4,3 125 lh 5 .7 0 .2 1 7 m 3
4-5 2 47 kN 5 .9 7 .5 1 5 X 10
4,7 22.0 kN
 Respuestas de los problemas seleccionados
618

6.47 T u b e r ía d e 6 p u lg , c é d u la 4 0 , para Q = 1 8 0 0 L m in
T u b e r ía d e 14 p u lg , c é d u la 4 0 , para 9 5 0 0 L/m in
5.11 5 .0 5 5 p ie s 3
5.13 0 .0 2 4 9 Ib 6.49 3 .0 7 5 m /s

5.15 1.041 6.51 1 0 .0 8 p ie s /s

6.53 T u bo de acero d e 3A X 0 .0 6 5 p u lg
5.17 1 4 4 7 Ib
6.55 L ín e a d e su c c ió n : tu b ería d e 5 p u lg ; o s = 1 2 .8 2 pies,s
5.19 2 8 3 .6 m 3
tu b ería d e 6 p u lg ; ü s = 8 . 8 8 pies/s
521 7 .9 5 k N /n r
523 2 3 7 m m L ín e a d e d esca rg a : tu b ería d e 3 l/2 p u lg ; od = 2 5 .9 4 pies/s
tu b ería d e 4 p u lg ; = 2 0 .1 5 pies/s
525 2 9 m m
6.57 L ín e a d e s u c c ió n : tu b ería d e 3 p u lg ; u s = 3 .7 3 m-s
5.27 1 0 .0 5 k N
5.29 135 m m tu b ería d e 3'/2 p u lg ; us = 2.61 m-s
L ín e a d e d esc a r g a : tu b ería d e 2 p u lg; vd = 7 .6 9 m /s
531 1681 Ib
tu b ería d e 2'/2 p u lg; v¿ = 5.39 m/s
533 4 .6 7 p u lg
535 3 0 0 Ib 6.59 ütubería = 7 .9 8 pieS. S ^boquilla = 65.0piC S/S

537 1 4 .3 9 Ib 6.61 3 4 .9 k P a
539 .v mc = 0 .4 8 4 4 m (in e s ta b le ) 6.63 2 5 .1 p s ig
5.41 .v mc = 8 .2 5 6 p ie s (e s ta b le ) 6.65 p A = 5 8 .1 k P a Q = 0 .0 2 1 3 m-<s
v = 4 8 8 .8 m m (in estab ' le)
'
5.43 .v'tnc 6.67 2 .9 0 p ie s 3/s
5.45 ?n,mc = 1 0.55 p u lg (in estab le)
6.69 q = 4 .6 6 X 1 0 - 3 m 3/s Pa = - 2 . 8 2 kPa

5.47 3 2 .5 0 p ie s Pr¡ = - 1 1 . 6 5 k P a
5.49 v mc = 4 3 6 m m (e s ta b le ) 6.71 1 .4 2 m
531 vmc = 9 0 .2 m m (e s ta b le ) 6.73 3 5 .6 p ie s /s
533 v mc = 4 1 0 .3 m m (e s ta b le ) 6.75 3 .9 8 X 1 0 ~ 3 m 3 s
535 vmc = 5 4 .1 8 p u lg (e s ta b le ) 6.77 1 .4 8 X 1 0 -3 m 3/s
537 Vmc = 1 3 .2 9 p ie s ( e s ta b le ) 6.79 1 .0 3 5 p ie 3/s
539 vmc = 4 6 7 m m (e s ta b le ) 6.81 3 1 .9 4 p s ig
5.61 v mc = 1 .2 8 8 m (e s ta b le ) 6.86 6 .0 0 X 1 0 ~ 3 m 3 íS
5.63 ( a ) 1 7 . 0 9 k N ( b ) 1 1 . 8 5 kN/m 3 6.90 1 .2 8 p íe
(c) In e sta b le ; vmc = 0 .8 2 2 m; y cg = 0 .9 5 0 m
6.93 1 0 .1 8 p s ig
6.95 296 s
Capítulo 6
6.97 556 s
6.1 1 .8 9 X 1 0 ~ 4 m 3 s
6.99 504 s
0 .5 5 0 m 3/s
6.101 1155 s
2 .0 8 X 1 0 -3 m 3 s
6.103 252 s
0 .2 5 0 m 3/s
6.105 1 .9 4 s
3 3 0 X lO ^ L m in
2 .9 6 X 1 0 ~ 7 m 3 s Capítulo 7
2 1 5 L /m in 3 4 .5 lb -p ie /lb
1 .0 2 p ie s 3/s 3 .3 3 X 1 0 " 2 m 3/s
5 .5 7 p ie s 3/s 1 5 .7 lb -p ie /lb
561 g a l/m in 7 2 .7
3 3 6 8 g a l/m in 1 6 .2 k W
Q = 5 0 0 g a l/m in = 1.11 p ie s 3/s = 3 .1 5 X I 0 ~ 2 m 3/s 0 .7 0 0 h p 7 0 .0 %
Q ~ 2 5 0 0 g a l/m in = 5 .5 7 p ie s 3/s = 0 .1 5 8 m 3/s hA = 3 7 .4 6 m PA = 0 .3 9 0 kW
( a ) pB = 1-07 p s ig
(b) pc = 21.8 p sig
(c ) hA = 4 8 p ie s (d) Pa = i a 9 h P
= 4 .6 8 m
Pa = 4 3 .6 W

pt = 2 .0 8 W

P0 = 1 2 .6 0 kW
 Respuestas de los problemas seleccionados

US 2 1 .1 6 hp
9.3 E n la lín ea cen tra l;U = 0 .0 1 3 3 m /s
7j 7 219.1 p sig
E n r = 8 .0 0 m m ; U = 0 .0 1 2 9 m/S
1.01 p sig
E n r = 1 6 . 0 0 m m ; U = 0 .0 1 1 9 m < s
7.41 5 .7 6 p sig
E n r = 2 4 .0 0 m m ; U = 0 .0 1 0 1 m /s
7.43 4 .2 8 hp
E n r = 3 2 .0 0 m m ; U = 0 .0 0 7 6 0 m ,s
7.45 1-26 hp E n r = 4 0 .0 0 m m ; U = 0 .0 0 4 4 2 m ;s
E n r = 4 8 . 0 0 m m ; U = 0 .0 0 0 5 3 m /s
C a p ítu lo 8 E n la pred; r = 4 8 .9 9 m m ; U = 0 .0 0 m /s
8.1 :4 9 9.5 3 2 .4 m m
gjj 7 .0 2 X 1 0 ” '’ m 3 s
9.7 E n la lín ea cen tr a l, in s e r c ió n = 8 4 .1 5 m m
(a) T u b o d e c o b r e tip o K . d e 3 p u lg (b) T u b o d e 5 p u lg E n la lín e a c e n tr a l, U= 2 .0 0 u
(c) T u b o d e >4 d e p u lg (d) T u b o d e '/s d e p u lg En r = 5 .0 m m , U= 1 .9 9 0 7 u ; 0 .4 7 % b a jo
8<9 4 .7 6 x 10 4
9.9 1 .8 4 m /s
8.11 9 .5 9 X 1 0 5 9.11 V a lo r e s s e le c c io n a d o s :
8.13 3 3 .4
8.15 5.61 x 103
y (m m ) U (m/s)
8.17 2 2 3 7 (z o n a c r ític a ) 10 0 .5 3 0
8.19 1105 30 0 .6 2 8
8J1 2 .1 2 x 104 50 0 .6 7 4
8J3 Qi = 0 .1 6 8 1 g a l m i n 1 00 0 .7 3 5
Q2 = 0 .3 3 6 2 g a l m in 300 0 .8 3 3
8.25 1 0 6 x 104 600 0 .8 9 5 = U.
8J7 px - p2 = - 4 7 1 kPa 9.13 En v = 2 .4 4 p u lg , U = u prom = 6 .0 0 p ie s /s
8 J 9 1.2 0 Ib -p ie /lb En vi = 2 .9 4 p u lg , Uy = 6 . 1 2 p i e s / s
831 p\ - P2 = 2 5 .2 k P a En v2 = 1 . 9 4 p u lg , U2 = 5 . 8 5 p ie s /s
8 3 3 4 5 .7 p ie s
835 (a) 1 2 .6 0 p ie s (b) 113 .8 hp
9 -1 5 _ N r_______________/ o / t / máx

8 3 7 4 6 .9 p si 4 x 103 0 .0 4 1 0 .7 7 5
8 3 9 (a) 8 5 3 k P a (b) 17.1 k W 1 x 104 0 .0 3 2 0 .7 9 6
8.41 8 9 .9 kP a 1 x 105 0.021 0 .8 2 8
8.43 P\ ~ P2 = 3 9 .6 p si 1 x 106 0 .0 1 8 5 0 .8 3 7
8.45 — /?2 = 4 1 1 p si 9.17 V a lo re s s e le c c io n a d o s : v = 1 0 .0 8 p ie s /s:
8 4 7 1 5 1 hp
y (p u lg ) U (p ie /s )
8.49 2 .6 4 hp
8 il Pi = H O kPa 0 .0 5 5 .8 3
8 i3 0 .0 2 7 3 0 .1 5 7 .9 8
8.55 0 .0 1 5 5 0 .5 0 1 0 .3 5
8.57 0 .0 2 1 3 1.00 11.71
8-59 0 .0 2 0 6 1 .5 0 12.51
*•61 0 .0 1 7 5 2 .0 1 3 1 3 .0 9 = UmAx
8.63 hL = 15.2 p ie s 9.19 Qcorazfl/Qlubo 2 .1 9
8.65 hL = 2 8 .5 p ie s 9.21 Quibo = 0 .3 5 3 5 p ie /s Qcoraza ~ 1.998 p ie' /s
8.67 h¡ - 3 .5 6 m 9.23 Nr = 2 .7 7 x | 0 4
8-69 (a ) h¡ = 6 1 .4 p ie s (b ) = 2 8 .3 p ie s
9.25 T u b o: NK = 1.23 x 105 C oraza: NR = 5 .0 5 x 103
9.27 T u b erías: NR = 1 .0 0 x 106 C oraza: NR = 2 .3 5 x 105
8.71 h¡ = 14.7 p ie s
9.29 Q = 0 .0 3 9 7 p ie 3/s
9.31 Nr = 5 5 2
C a p ítu lo V
9.33 Nr = 1 .1 1 2 x 10s
^ En la lín ea ce n tr a l; U = 2 1 .4 4 p ie s /s 9.35 R = 0 .0 4 7 1 p ie Q = 0 .0 1 8 1 p ie 3/s
K nr = 0 2 0 p u lg , U = 2 0 .6 4 p ie s -s 9.37 0 .7 1 3 psi
Hn r —0 4 0 p u lg , U — 1 8 2"^ pies* s 9.39 9 2 .0 Pa
F.n r —0 6 0 p u lg , U — 14 2 2 p ies, s 9.41 111 kPa
hnr =■ 0 8 0 p u lg , U = 8 6 0 p ie s .s 9.43 3 .0 2 kPa
hn r - | M p u l g , U = 1 .3 8 pie. s 9.45 3 .7 2 psi
^ l a p a r e d . r ^ 0 2 0 p u lg ,^ = 0 fK )p ie s s
 620
9.47 v = 2 3 .0 5 p ie s /s
9.49 7 .3 6 x 10 4
9.51 Q = 0 .0 5 0 7 p ie 3/s
9.53 Nr = 3 .3 0 x 10 4
Capítulo 10
10.1 0 .2 3 9 m
10.3 4 .5 5 p ie s
10.5 pi —pi = —0 .0 8 9 1 psi
10.7 0 .3 2 6 m
10.13 5 0 3 .7 k P a
10.15 0 .2 3 5 m
10.17 1.35 p ie
10.19 F a lso
10.21 0 .2 2 4 m
10.23 4 .3 2 p ie s
10.27 K = 0 .2 5 5
10.29 (a) 0 .4 5 9 m (b) 0 .2 2 9 m
(c) 0 .1 1 5 m (d) 0 .0 1 8 m
1031 2 .0 4 m
1033 1.5 8 p si
1035 7 .3 6 kP a
10.37 9 .8 7 p si
1039 0 .3 4 0 p ie
10.41 1 .2 9 m
10.43 hLl = 0 .8 5 hL, = 1-11
10.45 0 .4 3 2 m
10.47 0 .8 4 9 p ie
10.49 K = 9 .1 5 hL = 1 5 .5 p ie s
10.51 K = 0 .7 3 1 hL = 1 .2 5 p ie s
10.53 175 p si
10.55 K = 143
10.57 C c = 0 .6 1 2
10.59 Ap = 0 .7 6 4 p si
10.61 Ap = 0 .3 5 9 p si
10.63 Ap = 0 .5 6 2 p si
10.65 Ap = 4 .9 5 2 p si
10.67 Ap = 2 .2 7 3 p si
10.69 Ap = 0 .6 8 0 p si
Capítulo 11
11.1 85 .1 kPa
113 2 1 2 .8 p sig
11.5 1 2 .7 4 M P a
11.7 2 1 .7 9 k P a
11.9 3.31 m /s
11.11 1 .7 9 X 10'"3 m 3 s
11.13 (a ) 3 2 .4 4 p ie s /s
11.15 1 .9 5 x 10~ 2 m 3 „
11.17 T u b ería d e 5 p u lg , c é d u la 8 0
11.19 1.96 p ie s , m ín im o
11.21 3 .3 5 m
11.23 hA = 2 4 .2 4 p ie s
11.25 6.68 p ie s/s
11.27 - 4 8 . 4 kPa
Respuestas de los problemas seleccionados
Q= 1 8 7 g a l/m in hL = 5 1 .9 p ie s 11.29 hA = 1 9 0 .6 p ie s Pa = 11.1 hp P, = 14.6 hp
11.31 3 2 0 .6 kPa
hi = 1 .6 7 p ie 11.33 2 0 4 L /m in
hL = 3 . 14 9 m 11.35 2 9 6 g a l/m in
11.37 3 2 7 g a l/m in
11.39 3 .4 7 X 1 0 -2 m 3 s
11.41 6 .9 8 X 1 0 ” 2 m 3,s
11.43 T u b er ía d e a c e r o d e 4 p u lg , c éd u la 4 0
11.45 T u b er ía d e p lá s tic o d e 1 '/2 p u lg , c éd u la 4 0
11.47 T u b e r ía d e a c e r o d e 1lA p u lg ; / = 0 0 8 3 pule
11.49 Q = 1 3 0 .2 L /m in
Capítulo 12
12.1 0 .0 6 0 2 m 3/s
12.3 ( a ) (2a = 5 1 8 L m in (tu b ería superior)
Qb = 3 3 2 L /m in (tu b ería in ferior)
(b) 9 5 .0 k P a
12.5 K = 16 0
12.6 (a) 1 .8 4 1 p ie 3/s (b) 1 .3 8 5 p ie 3/s (c) 0 .456 pie3/s
12.7 Qe = 2 . 8 0 5 p ie s 3/s e n la tu b ería d e 6 pulg
(2e = 0 .2 0 5 p ie 3/s e n la tu b ería d e 2 p ulg
12 .1 1 F lu jo s v o lu m é tr ic o s d e s p u é s d e 6 iteraciones:
A <2 < 0 .2 5 % en c u a lq u ie r tubería
Ql = 6 .9 4 2 p ie s 3/s Q2 = 4 .7 5 1 p ie s 3 s
Q 3 = 8 .5 5 8 p ie s 3 s <24 = 2 .1 9 1 p ie s 3 s
Q5 = 3 .2 5 1 p ie s 3/s Q6 = 4 .1 7 0 p ie s 3 s
Q-j = 2 .1 5 1 p ie s 3 s <2g = 4 .3 8 8 p ies 3 s
Q 9 = 3 .2 1 0 p ie s /S Qw = 1 .4 0 2 p ie s
Qu = 1 .3 8 8 p i e 3 s < 2 u = 1 .5 9 8 p ie3, s
Capítulo 13
13.16 L a c a p a c id a d d is m in u y e a la m itad
13.17 D is m in u y e en un fa cto r d e 4
13.18 D is m in u y e e n un fa c to r d e 8
13.19 D is m in u y e 25%
13.20 D is m in u y e 4 4 %
13.21 D is m in u y e 58%
13.23 P /2 X 3 - 10
13.25 Q = 2 8 0 g a l/m in P = 2 6 hp
E f ic ie n c ia = 53% NPSHR = 10.9 p ies
13.26 C a rg a = 2 5 0 p ie s Q = 2 2 0 g a l/m in
P = 2 4 .0 h p E fic ie n c ia = 56%
NPSHr = 8 .0 p ie s
13.35 Q = 3 9 0 g a l/m in Ns = 6 1 9 Ds = 2 .9 4
13.37 7 9 5 rpm
13.39 2 6 5 9
13.41 2 4 7 5
(b) 8 1 .4 4 p ie s /s 13.51 4 .9 7 p ie s
13.53 2 0 .7 0 p ie s
13.55 3 .4 3 m
1 3 .5 7 NPSHa = - 0 . 0 2 m (c a v ita c ió n in cip ien te)
1 3 .5 9 NPSHa = 2 .6 3 p ie s
pA = 0 .1 6 9 h p 1 3 .6 1 NPSHa = - 4 . 4 2 p íe s (c a v ila c ió n )
1 3 .6 3 NPSHa = 1.02 m
1 3 .6 5 S e req u iere p = 1 6 1 7 kPa m an om étrica