CALCULATIONS 1 AND 2

1. The gases from a sulfur burner have the following analysis: 9.86% SO 2, 8.54% O2, and 81.60%
N2.After passage of the gases through a catalytic converter, the analysis is 0.605% SO 2, 4.50%
O2, and 94.9% N2. What percentage of the SO2 entering the converter has been oxidized to SO 3?
a. 80% b. 90% c.95% d. 100%
Given:
605%SO2, 4.5%02, 94.9%N2
Required: %SO2 converted
Solution:
Basis: 100kmol feed
nSO2=8.54 kmol N2in = N2out
81.6=P(.949) P=85.98524763
SO2out=.00605(85.98524763)=.5202 kmol
8.54−.5202
%= x 100=93.91 %=95 %
8.54

2. When 0.01 mole of a substance consisting of O, H, and C is burned, the following products are
obtained: 896 cm3 of CO2 at STP and 0.72 g water. It is found that the ratio of oxygen mass to
the mass of hydrogen plus carbon in the substance is 4/7. What is the chemical formula of the
substance? One mole of CO2 has a volume of 22,400 cm3 at STP.
a. C2H4O b. C5H6O2 c. C4H8O2 d. C8H16O4
Given:
0.01 mole substance (C, H, O) @STP
O 4
: 896 cm3 CO2
H+ C 7

O2 0.72 g H2O
3
1 mole CO 2 = 22,400 cm @STP

Required:
a. Chemical formula of substance
 Solution:
V1 V2
=
n1 n 2

22, 400 cm3 896 cm3

=
1 mole n2

n 2=0.04 mole CO 2
1 mole H 2 O
mole H 20=0.72 g × =0.04 mole H 2 O
18 g H 2 O
1 mole C
mole C=0.04 mole CO 2 × =0.04 mole C
1mole CO 2
2mole H
mole H =0.04 mole H 2 O× =0.08 mole H
1 mole H 2O
12 grams C
g C=0.04 mole C × =0.48 g C
1 mole C
1 gram H
g H=0.08 mole H × =0.08 g H
1 mole H
4
g O= × ( 0.48 g+0.08 g ) =0.32 g O
7
1 mole O
mole O=0.32 g × =0.02 mole O
16 g O

C = 0.04 moles Answer: C 2H4O,

H= 0.08 moles
O = 0.02 moles
0.04
C= =2
0.02
0.08
H= =4
0.02
0.02
O= =1
0.02
3. Determine the mole percent of CO 2 in the products of combustion of C8H15 when 200% theoretical air
is used.
a. 5.5% b. 6.5% c. 7.5% d. 8.5%

Given:
200% theoretical air
C8H15 + 25/2O2 8CO2 + 9H2O
Required: % CO2 in products
Solution: Basis: 100 moles C8H15

CO2: 100 mols C 8 H 18( 18molmolsC 8COH 218 )=800 mols CO 2

9 mols H 2 O
H O: 100 mols C 8 H 18 (
1 mol C 8 H 18 )
2 =900 mols H 2 O

25
O2 supplied:
100 mols C 8 H 18 (2
mols O 2
1 mol C 8 H 18 )
(200 %)=2500 mols O 2

O2 free = O2 sup-O2 used = 2500 mols O 2−100 mols C 8 H 18 ( 125/2 mols O 2

mol C 8 H 18 )
=1250 mols O 2

N2 sup = N2 in SG = 2500 mols O 2 ( 7921mol N2

mol O 2 )
=4909.7619 mols N 2

800
% CO 2= ×100=6.47 %
800+900+1250+ 4909.7619

4. Coal fired in a furnace has a heating value of 13800 Btu/lb and contains 78.05%C and 1.2%S. The
proximate analysis shows 4%M, 24%FC, 8%A and the analysis of the refuse shows 8%VCM, 25%FC and
32% ash. Calculate the % of C lost in the refuse
a. 8.0% b. 4.33% c. 9.5% d. 17.0%

Given:
78.05%C HV = 13,800 BTU/lb
1.2%S
Proximate Analysis Refuse
4%M 8% VCM
24%FC 25% FC
8%A 32 % Ash

Required:
%C lost in the Refuse: X=25 moles in refuse
Solution: FC = C in Refuse
Basis: 100 moles of coal C = 0.25(25) = 6.25 moles C

6.25 moles C∈Refuse

Ash Balance: % C Lost = x100
78.05 moles C∈Coal
8 mols Ash=0.32(X ) % C lost = 8.007
5. 250 lbs per hour of 98% H2SO4 enters an absorption tower of a contact sulfuric acid plant. If 20%
oleum is produced per hour, how many pounds of SO 3 are absorbed?
a. 70 lb/h b. 80 lb/h c. 90 lb/h d. 100 lb/h
Given: 250 lbs 98% H2SO4
Required: lbs SO3 absorbed
Solution:
Let x = SO3 absorbed
SO3 absorbed = SO3 in the converter gas
SO3 Balance:
SO3 entering = SO3 leaving

x + ( 250 ) (.98 ) ( 1 H982 SO

lb
4
)( SO 3
)( 80 lb
H 2 SO 4 SO3 )=( 250+ x ) .2+.8 (
H 2 SO 4
)( SO3
[ 98 lb H 2 SO 4 SO 3 )] )( 80 lb

lb
x=90.28 SO3 absorbed
hr

6. A stoichiometric problem was solved on the basis of 100 moles dry flue gas (DFG). The given condition
at the stack outlet are as follows 780 mmHg, 970 K and the partial pressure is 24 mm Hg. The volume of
the wet flue gas is:
a. 6.10m3 b. 8.00m3 c. 8719 L d. 7754 L
Given:
100 Moles DFG
P=780 mmHg
T= 970 K
Required: Total Volume PH20= 24 mmHg
Solution:
nH 2O P H 20
=
nTotal+ nH 20 P TOTAL
nH 2 O 24 mmHg
=
100 mol+nH 20 780 mmHg
nH20= 3.1746 mol
(PV = nRT)total
 L atm
( 100+3.1746 ) mol x 0.08205 x 970 K
mol K 1 m3
V= x = 8.0010 m3 ≈ 8 m3
780 mmHg 1000 L
atm
760 mmHg

7. Impure sulfur is burned to SO2 for conversion to SO3 in a sulfuric acid plant. Orsat analysis of the
burner shows 9.32% SO2, 6.93% O2. The charge fuel contains 48% sulfur. What percent of the sulfur
fired leaves as SO3?

a. 39.21% b. 29.91% c. 30.08% d. 35.78%

Given:
Burner Gas (Orsat)
9.32 % SO2
Burner 6.93 % O2
(83.75 % N2)
Feed
48 % S
52 % inerts

Required: %S converted to SO3

Solution: Basis: 100 kmol of Burner Gas (Orsat)

3
S+ O 2 → S O 3
2
21O 2
O2 supplied=83.75 kmol N 2
[ ]
79 N 2
=22.26 kmol O2

O2 disappearance=22.26−9.32−6.93=6.01 kmol O2

O2 disappearance=O2 used ¿ produce S O3

1 S O3
S O3 produced=6.01 kmol O 2
[ ]
3
O
2 2
=4.01 kmol S O3

4.01
%S → S O 3= x 100 %
4.01+9.32
%S → S O3=30.0825 %
8. An automobile uses a gasoline with an octane number of 85. Air is supplied 30% in excess such that
the molal ratio of CO2 to CO is 5.2 and H2 to CO is 1:1 in the exhaust gas. What is the percent of O 2 free in
the stack gas?
a. 2.95 b.7.37 c. 7.79 d. 9.51
Given:
Octane number = 85
Ratio of CO2 to CO is 5:2 and H2 to CO is 1:1
30% Excess Air
Required:
O2 free in stack gas
Solution:
Density of iso-octane is 0.6918 and n-heptane is 0.684 g/ml.
Volume Density Wt. % Wt.
C8H18 85 0.6918 58.80 85.14
C7H16 15 0.684 10.26 14.86
Total 69.06 100

Basis: 100 kg of gasoline

Wt. MW Mole At C At H
C8H18 85.14 114 0.7468 5.97 13.44
C7H16 14.86 100 0.1486 1.04 2.38
Total 7.01 15.82

1 mol O2 1 mol O 2
O2 theo = 7.01 mol C x +15.82 mol H x =10.97 mol O2
1 mol C 4 mol H
O2 supplied = 10.97 mol O2(1.30) = 14.26 mol O2
79 mol N 2
N2from air= 14.26 mol O2 x = 53.64 mol N2
21mol O 2
 1 mol CO 2 5 mol
CO2 produced = 7.01 mol x x =5.01mol CO 2
1 mol C 7 mol
1 mol CO 2mol
CO produced = 7.01 mol C x x =2.01 mol CO
1 mol C 7 mol
H2= CO= 2.01 mol H2
Free O2= (0.30)(10.97) +1+1 = 5.29 mol H2
Mol % mol
CO2 5.01 7.37
CO 2.01 2.95
H2 2.01 2.95
O2 5.29 7.79
N2 53.64 78.94
67.94 100

The O2 Free in the stack gas is 7.79%

9. If moist hydrogen containing 4% water by volume is burned completely in a furnace with 25% excess
air, calculate the percent moisture in the flue gas produced from the furnace.
a. 11.89% b. 20.90% c. 29.61% d. 41.56%
GIVEN:

Moist H2 Flue Gas

FURNACE
4% H2O O2
N2
H2O

25% excess air

REQUIRED: %H2O
SOLUTION:
H2 + ½ O2 H2O

Basis: 1 mole moist H2

½ mole O2
O2 theo = 0.96 (1 mole H2) = 0.4800 mole O2
1 mole H2
O2 supplied = 0.4800 mole O2 (1.25) = 0.6 mole O2

79 mole N2
Mole N2 = 0.6000 mole O2 = 2.2571 mole N2
21 mole O2

O2 excess = O2 free = 0.4800 mole O2 (0.25) = 0.1200 mole O2

1 mole H2O
Mole H2O = 0.96 (1 mole H2) + 0.04 mol H2O= 1 mole H2O
1 mole H2

COMPOUND MOLE %COMPOSITION

O2 0.1200 3.5533%
N2 2.2571 66.8454%
H2O 1 29.6112%
TOTAL 3.3771 100%

10. 15% oleum is to be produced using an absorbing acid, 40% H 2SO4, and a burner gas containing 884.4
kg SO3. Calculate the mass of product solution that would be obtained if the gas leaving the absorption
unit is SO3 free.
a. 1222 kg b. 1622 kg c. 1922 kg d. 2222 kg
Given: 15% oleum product
Input: 40%H2SO4
mSO3 = 884.4 kg
Required: m product
Solution:
TMB: y+884.4=x

CMB: 884.4+ ( 0.4 y H 2 SO 4 ) ( 9880g Hg SO2 SO3 4 )=(.15+.85 ( 8098 ))( X )

X = 1621 kg

11. A mixture of pure sulfur and pyrites analyzing 85% FeS 2 and 15% gangue is burned in a standard
pyrites burner. The burner gas contains 10% SO 2, 7% O2 and 83% N2 on an SO3-free basis and contains 1
mol SO3 per 100 mol SO3-free burner gas. The cinder contains 2%S as SO3. Calculate the percentage of
FeS2 in the charge.
a. 54.89% b. 73.35% c. 80.0% d. 91.23%
Required: %FeS2 in charge

Solution: Basis: 100 mol SO3-free Burner Gas

%Fe S2 ∈cinder=2 %
[
4 mol Fe S 2
(
1 mol 119.85

(
2 mol 32
mol
g
mol
Fe S2

S
)
=3.7453 %
) ]
Fe S 2 → S O 2=10 mol S O 2 (
8 mol S O 2
=5 mol )
4 mol Fe S 2
Fe S 2 → S O 3=1 mol S O 3 (
8 mol S O 3
=0.5 mol )
n Fe S 2=5.5 mol

2 mol S .98
( 1 mol Fe S .02 )
) (
n gangue=5.5 ( 0.037453 ) mol Fe S2 =20.1872 mol
2

n Fe S 2 ∈feed=20.1872 ( .85
.15 )
=114.3941 mol

5.5+114.3941
%Fe S2 ∈charge= [ 114.3941+ 20.1872 ]
( 100 )=89.0867 %

12. Coal fired in a furnace analyzes 57.1%C, 8%ash, 1.4%N, and 0.77%S. The refuse contains 24.5%C and
75.5%ash. Orsat analysis of the stack gas shows 11.21%CO 2, 1.57%CO, 7.45%O2, and 79.77%N2.
Complete the ultimate analysis of the coal.
a. 4.2%O & 28.53%H c. 4.76%O & 27.97%H
b. 5.95%O & 26.78%H d. 26.85%O & 5.88&H
Given:

Stack Gas:
Air 11.21%CO2
1.57%CO
7.45%O2
79.77%N2
Furnace

Coal:
57.1%C
Since there is no VCM in the refuse, the coal type is Coked Coal;
BASIS: 100kmol DSG

Overall Ash Balance (in kg):

0.08F = 0.755R
Carbon Balance (in kg):
153.36 + 0.245R = 0.571F
F = 281.3740kg
R = 29.8144kg

Excess O2 = 6.06kmol
Theo O2 =21.2 – 6.06 = 15.14kmol Considering the Modified Analysis of the Coked Coal:
netH = 7.01kg CW = 100 - 2.49 - 0.77 - 1.4 - 8 - 57.1 = 30.24%
7.01kg = 281.3740kg(%netH)
%netH = 2.49% O = (8/9)(30.24) = 26.85%
H = (1/9)(30.24) = 5.88%
Using Dulong’s Formula:
CV = 0.338C + 1.44netH + 0.094S
CV = 0.338(57.1) + 1.44n(2.49) + 0.094(0.77)
CV = 22.96MJ/kg

13. Determine the amount of O2 theoretically required for the combustion of 100 kmol of blast furnace
gas analyzing 25% CO, 10% CO2, 5% H2, 8% CH4, 48% N2, and 4% O2.
a. 37 kmol b. 31 kmol c. 27 kmol d. 20 kmol
Given:
Burner gas: 100 kmol
 25% CO 8% CH4
10% CO2 48% N2
5% H2 4% O2
Required: Theo O2
Solution:
1
CO + O2 CO2
2
2H2 + O2 H2O
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + H2O

1
Theo O2 =
( 25 moles CO )
2
(
mole O2
1mole CO )
+ (5 moles H 2 )
1 moles O 2
(
2 moles H 2 )
+ ( 8 moles CH 4 )
2moles O2
(
1 mole CH 4 )
= 31 moles O2.

14. A well-known reaction to generate hydrogen from steam is the so-called water gas shift reaction:
CO+ H 2 O →CO 2+ H 2
If the gaseous feed to the reactor consists of 30 moles CO, 12 moles CO 2, and 35 moles steam per hour
at 800 ˚C, while 18 moles of H2 are produced per hour, the limiting reactant is:
a. CO b.steam c. CO2 d. H2
The ratio of CO to steam is 1:1. There are 30 moles of CO and 35 moles of steam, 30<35. The limiting
reactant is CO.

15. In the preceding problem, the degree of completion of the reaction is:
a. 0.10 b. 0.60 c. 0.45 d. 0.80
mols H 2 produced
Degree of Completion =
mols H 2used ∈feed
18 mol H 2 produced
1mol H 2 = 0.60
30 mol H 20 used ∈feed ( )
1mol H 20
16. To prepare a solution of 50% sulfuric acid, a dilute waste acid containing 28.0% sulfuric acid is
fortified with a purchased acid containing 96.0% sulfuric acid. How many kilograms of the purchased
acid must be bought for a 100 kg of dilute acid?
a. 45 b. 55 c. 65 d. 75
Given:
F2 100 kg
28% H2SO4

F1 P
96% H2SO4 50% H2SO4

Required: kilograms of purchased acid, F 1

Solution:
TMB: F1 + 100=P
CMB (H2SO4 balance): F1 (0.96) + (100) (0.28) = P(0.50)
F1= 47.8261 kg

17. A solution of specific gravity 1 is 35% by weight A and the rest is B. If the specific gravity of A is 0.7,
what is the specific gravity of B?
a. 1.16 b. 1.5 c. 1.71 d. 1.8
Given:
Liquid solution: SG = 1 ; xA=0.35 ; xB=0.65
SG of A = 0.7
Required: SG of B
Solution:
Basis: 1000 kg solution
mA= 0.35X1000 = 350 kg
mB= 1000 – 350 = 650 kg
Density of liquid solution = 1x1000 = 1000kg/m 3
1000 kg
=1 m3
Volume of liquid solution = kg
1000 3
m
 350 kg 650 kg
1 m3 = +
kg ρB
700 3
m
ρ B=1300 kg /m3
1300 kg/ m3
SG of B = =1.3
1000 kg/ m3

18. You are asked what size of containers to use to ship 1000 lbs of cottonseed oil (SG = 0.926). What
would be the minimum size of drum expressed in gallons?
a. 85.6 b. 103.9 c. 129.5 d. 254.2
Given:
1000lbs cottonseed
SG=0.926
Required: minimum size of drum in gallon
Solution:
lb lb
ρ=0.926 62.4
( ft)3
=57.7824 3
ft
m 1000 lb
v= = =129.468 gal
ρ lb 1 ft 3
57.7824 3 [
ft 7.481 gal ]
19. Coal is mixed with water to form a slurry for transportation by pipelines. If 2 tons/hr of coal are
mixed with water to give a slurry containing 50% coal by weight, find the mass (tons/hr) of water.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 3.5
Given:
F = 2 tons/hr
X2 = 0.5
Required: W

Solution:
TMB:
P=F+W
P = 2+W – eqn 1
 CMB: 4 = 2+W
0.5P = 2 W = 4-2;
P = 4 tons/hr W = 2 tons/hr

20. Humid air at temperature 600 F and a total pressure of 1 atm passed through a humidifier at the
rate of 1000 ft3/min. If the partial pressure of water vapour in air is reduced from 45 mmHg to 10 mmHg.
How many pounds of water is removed per hour?
a. 1.09 b. 82.6 c. 76.3 d. 65.2

Given:

Required: lbs water removed per hour, W

Solution:
45 18 lbH 2 O
Y1 =
760−45 29( )
=0.0391
lb da

10 18 lbH 2 O
Y2 =
760−10 29( )
=8.2759 x 10−3
lb da
lbH 2O
Y1 – Y2 = 0.0308
lb da
 0.7302 ( 600+ 460 )
VH =( 291 + 0.0308
18 ) ( 1 )
ft 3 min hr
lb da 1000 ft 3 60 min )
( )(
V = 28.0415
H

lb da/hr = 2141.7488
lb H2O/hr = 0.0308 (2141.7488)
lb H2O/hr = 65.9659

21. To prepare a solution of 50% sulfuric acid, a dilute waste acid containing 28% sulfuric acid is fortified
with a purchased acid containing 96% sulfuric acid. How many kilograms of the purchased acid must be
bought for a 100 kg dilute acid.
a. 45 b. 55 c. 65 d. 75
Given:
50% sulfuric acid
96% sulfuric acid
28% sulfuric acid at 100 kg

Required: kg of 96% sulfuric acid

Solution:
Let x = kg of 96% sulfuric acid
0.5(100 + x) = 0.28(100) + 0.96(x)
x= 47.8261 kg

22. A radioactive material was originally weighed 10 grams and after 6 months, only 1.7 grams remain.
What is the half-life of the radioactive material?
a. 1.35 mos b. 2.35 mos c. 0.35 mos d. 4.35 mos
Given:
NO= 10 grams
N= 1.7 grams
t= 6 months
Required: half-life, t1/2
Solution:
ln 2 ln 2
N=N o e−kt 1.7=( 10 ) ( e(−k )( 6) )k =0.2953t 1 = k t 1 = 0.2953
2 2

t 1 =2.3473 months 2.35 months

2

23. A pressure gauge is attached and fixed to a delivery pump. The gauge reads 75.49 kPa. If the
atmospheric is assumed to as 10.8 meters of water, determine the absolute pressure of water pumped.
a. 1 atm b. 6589 kPa c. 18.48 mH2O d. 36 psi
Given: Pgage= 75.49kPa
Patm = 10.8 mH2O
Required: P abs of water
Solution:
P|¿|= P gage +P atm ¿

P 10.33 mH 2O
|¿|=75.49 kPa
[ 101.325 kPa]+10.8 mH 2 O=18.4961 mH 2O ¿

24. A high volatile bituminous coal was found to contain 6% moisture, 60% fixed carbon, 6% ash, 2.4% S
and 2.6% N with a heating value of 14000 BTU/lb. Calculate the % carbon in the coal.
a. 69.81% b. 78.10% c. 78.43% d. 83.89%
Given:
HHV = 14000 BTU/lb
Proximate Analysis:
Moisture - 6%
Fixed Carbon – 60%
VCM – 28 %
Ash – 6%
Required: % Carbon
Solution:
Using Calderwood Equation:
1.55
28
C=5.88+0.00512 ( 14000−40.5 ( 2.4 ) ) +0.0053 80−100 ( ( ))
60
C=78.2778 %

25. Calculate the % oxygen in the ultimate analysis. (Refer to no 24)

a. 2.8% b. 3.8% c. 4.0% d. 5.8%
Given:
HV= 14000 BTU/lb
6% moisture, 60% FC, 6% ash 2.4%S, 2.6 %N
Required: % O in the ultimate analysis
Solution:
% VCM=100-6-60-6=28 % VCM
100(28/60) = 46.66< 80 , use (-)
using Calderwood to solve for %C
1.55
VCM
[
C=5.88+0.00512(HHV-40.5S) + 0.0053 80−100 ( FC )]
C=78.2778% C
HHV= 145.44C +620.228(net H) +40.50 S
net H=4.0599 %
CW=100-78.2778-6-4.0599-2.6-2.4-6=0.6623% CW
HTOTAL =HNET H +HCW +HM
HTOTAL =4.0599+0.6623(2/18) +6(2/18)
HTOTAL =4.8%
%O2 = 100-4.8-78.2778-2.4-6-2.6
%O2 = 5.9222 %

26. Calculate the % hydrogen in the VCM. (Refer to no. 24)

a. 2% b. 4% c. 4.8% d. 6%
Given:
VCM =28% 6%M
N=2.6%
S=2.4%
C=78.43%
CW=0.5461%
 Net H=4.0239%
Required: % H in VCM
Solution:
1
%H ∈VCM= ( 0.5461 ) +4.0239=4 %
9

27. 100 moles of benzene are burned with 30% excess air. Assuming complete combustion, what is the
percentage of water in the flue gas?
a. 4.7% b. 6.3% c. 12.5% d. 76.5%
Given:

100 mols
C6H6 burner Flue gas

30% excess
air
15
C6 H6+ O →6 CO 2+ 3 H 2 O
2 2
Required: % water in flue gas
Solution:
6 mols CO 2
nCO =100 mols C 6 H 6
2
[ 1 mol C6 H 6 ]
=600 mols CO 2

15
nO entering=100 mols C 6 H 6
2
2
mols O2
[
1 mol C6 H 6 ]
( 1.3 ) =975 mols O2

79 mols N 2
n N =975 mols O 2 entering
2
[ 21 mol O 2 ]
=3667.8571 mols N 2

3 mols H 2 O
n H O=100 mols C 6 H 6
2
[1mol C 6 H 6 ]
=300 mols H 2 O

15
nO 2free
=975 mols O2 entering−100 mols C 6 H 6
2
[
mols O2
1 mol C6 H 6 ]
=225 mols O2

n flue gas =nCO + nN + nH O +n O =4792.8571 mols flue gas

2 2 2 2free
 300 mols H 2 O
x H O= (100 )=6.2593 %
2
4792.8571mols flue gas

28. If moist hydrogen containing 4% water by volume is burnt completely in a furnace with 25% excess
air. Calculate the percent moisture of the flue gas produced from the furnace.
a.11.89% b. 20.90% c. 29.61% d. 41.46%
Given: 25% excess air

furnace % moisture of
4% flue gas
96%

Required: % moisture of flue gas

Solution:
1
1 mol O2
H 2 + O2 → H 2 O 2
2 nO theo =0.96 mols H 2 O × =0.48 mol O2
2
1 mol H 2

nO 2 supplied =0.48 mol O 2 ( 1.25 )=0.6 mol O 2nO 2 free =0.48 mol O 2 ( 0.25 )=0.12 mol O 2

1 H2 O
79 n H O=0.6 mols O2 × +0.04=1 mol H 2 O
n N =0.6 mol O 2
2
21 ( )
=2.2571 mol O 2 2
1
2
mol O2

Composition Kmols % kmol

O2 0.12 3.5533
H2 2.2571 66.8354
H2O 1 29.6112
Total 3.3771 100

29. If a fuel is composed mainly of saturated hydrocarbon, what is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in the
fuel?
a. 0.271 b. 0.324 c. 0.613 d. 0.890
Solution:
C=1
H=4
C/H = ¼=0.25
30. A high speed diesel engine burns fuel to give an exhaust gas analyzing 7.14% CO 2, 4.28% CO, 8.24%
O2 and 80.34% N2. The cetane number of the fuel fired is
Given: Assume diesel composition to correspond to cetane
Density of cetane = 0.7751 g/mL Density of methyl naphthalene = 1.025 g/mL

AIR Exhaust Gas

7.14% CO2
Fuel 4.28% CO
ENGINE 8.24% O2
Diesel Oil
80.34% N2
Required: cetane #

Solution:
Basis: 100 moles of dry exhaust gas
21
O 2 ¿ air=80.34 x =21.356 mols
79
4.28
O 2 unaccounted for=21.356−7.14− −8.24=3.836 mols
2
at net H=3.836 x 4=15.344 mols=at total H
at C=11.42 mols
FUEL n At C At H
C16H34 x 16x 34x
C11H10 y 11y 10y

at C bal :16 x +11 y=11.42

at H bal :34 x+ 10 y=15.344
x=0.255
y=0.667
226
volume of cetane=0.255 x =74.35 m 3
0.7751
142
volume of MT =0.667 x =92.404 m3
1.025
74.35
% cetane by volume= x 100=44.58 %
92.404 +74.35
Cetane Number =44.58