FORM NO. MMEC-FRM-32 B (REV. NO.

01)
M.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE - MULLANA LABORATORY MANUAL
MMEC PRACTICAL EXPERIMENT INSTRUCTION SHEET
EXPERIMENT TITLE : To Verify KCL & KVL

EXPERIMENT NO. : EE-103-E-01 ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE :

REV. DATE : ---- REV. NO. : 0 DEPTT. : ELECTRICAL ENGG.
LABORATORY : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER : 1ST PAGE : 1 OF 3

APPARATUS:-

S NO. NAME RATING QUANTITY

1 Ammeter 0-2.5 A (MI) 02
2 Ammeter 0-5 A (MI) 01
3 Voltmeter 0-5 V (MI) 02
4 Voltmeter 0-10 V (MI) 01
5 Rheostat 100 ohm ,(1.8 A) 03
6 DC Supply 30 V, 5A 01

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PREPARED BY : APPROVED BY :
FORM NO. MMEC-FRM-32 B (REV. NO. 01)
M.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE - MULLANA LABORATORY MANUAL
MMEC EXPERIMENT TITLE :
PRACTICAL EXPERIMENT INSTRUCTION SHEET

To verify Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL).

EXPERIMENT NO. : EE-103-E-01 ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE :

REV. DATE : REV. NO. : DEPTT. : ELECTRICAL ENGG.
LABORATORY : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER : PAGE : 2 OF 3

THEORY:-

KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW (KCL):-

It states that algebraic sum of current meeting at a junction is zero. If there are six currents I 1, I2, I3, I4, I5 and I6 meeting
at a junction. Assuming that current entering into the junction as positive and current leaving as negative. Equation can
be written as
k
Σ Ij = 0
j=1

It is not more than restatement of principle of conservation of charge. Since the accumulation of electric charge at a
junction is not possible, the amount of charge entering into a junction at any instant must be same as amount of charge
leaving.

KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW (KVL):-

It states that at any time the algebraic sum of voltage around the circuit or loop is zero i.e.
For a closed circuit leaving K elements
k
ΣVj=0
j=1

where Vj is equal to voltage drop of elements.

The equation can be written as,
V1 + V2 + V3 + ------------------ + Vk = 0
The statements simply tell us that if we start from a particular junction and go around a closed circuit and come back to
the same junction, the net potential drop across the circuit is zero because we have come back to the same potential.
To apply KVL, mark the polarity of voltage across each element. In a resistor, the polarity depends upon the assumed
direction of current. The end (of a resistor) into which current enters is marked positive and other marked as negative.
On the other hand, in a battery if the current is flowing from negative terminal to positive terminal it is taken as rise in
potential whereas if current flows from positive to negative terminal of a battery is taken as fall in potential. The rise in
potential is taken as positive and fall in potential as negative.

PROCEDURE:-

KIRCHOFF’S CURRENT LAW (KCL):-

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 1.

2. Set all three rheostat to their maximum value.
3. Set all values to it’s null position (minimum).
4. Switch on DC supply and adjust the value to give required voltage.
5. Note down the readings of ammeter A1, A2 & A3. Check that sum of the readings of A2 & A3 is equal to A1.
6. Change the settings of rheostat to get different readings in all three ammeter. Note down the readings and
check as said in point 4.
7. Repeat the step 5 for five different settings of rheostats.
PREPARED BY : APPROVED BY :
FORM NO. MMEC-FRM-32 B (REV. NO. 01)
M.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE - MULLANA LABORATORY MANUAL
MMEC EXPERIMENT TITLE :
PRACTICAL EXPERIMENT INSTRUCTION SHEET

To verify Kirchoff’s current law(KCL) and Kirchoff’s voltage law(KVL).

EXPERIMENT NO. : EE-103-E-01 ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE :

REV. DATE : REV. NO. : DEPTT. : ELECTRICAL ENGG.
LABORATORY : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER : PAGE : 3 OF 3

KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW (KVL):-

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 2.

2. Set all three rheostats to their maximum value.
3. Switch on DC supply and set all values to it’s null position (minimum).
4. Adjust the voltage to appropriate positions.
5. Take the reading of all three voltmeters and check that the sum of the readings of V2 and V3 is equal to A1.
6. Change the settings of rheostat to get different readings in all three voltmeter. Note down the readings.
7. Repeat the step 5 for five different settings of rheostats.

Observation Table:
KCL:

S.no. I1 I2 I3 I1=I2+I3 ERROR

KVL:

S.no. V1 V2 V3 V1=V2+V3 ERROR

PRECAUTIONS:-

The following precautions should be observed as follows:-

1. All the connection should be as shown in the figure and tight.

2. The measuring instrument used should be of proper range.
3. Before switching on the supply zero settings of all the elements should be checked.
4. The terminals of the rheostat should be connected properly.
5. At no instant of time the values of current through the rheostat should increase it’s rated current value.

RESULT:-

PREPARED BY : APPROVED BY :