General Requirements For Electrical Machines: Rotating

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BS 4999 : Part 101 : i987

UDC 621.313-13
C(J British Standards Instihrtion. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permiscion in writing of BSI
British Standard
General requirements for rotating
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electrical machines
Part 101. Specification for rating and performance
Règles générales pour les machines électriques tournantes

Partie 101. Caractéristiques assignées et caractéristiques de fonctionnement - Spécifications
Allgemeine Anforderungen an umlaufende elektrische Maschinen

Teil 101, Auslegung und Leistung
e
British Standards Institution
Copyright British Standards Institution
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BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
Contents
Page Page
Foreword 1 Section twelve. Co-ordination of voltages and
Committees responsible Back cover outputs
29. Co-ordination of voltages and outputs 43
Specification
Section one. Scope Section thirteen. Construstionnl requirements
1. Scope 2 30. Earth terminals 43
3 1. Shafi extension lcey 44
Section two. Definitions
2. General 2 Appendices
i, Classification of insulating materials 56
Section three. Duty and rating
3. Rules for declaration of duty and for selection of A. Measurement of final temperatures of machines:
a class of rating 5 guidance on method of extrapolation 59
4. Duty types 6 B. Information to be given by purchaser with
5. Classes of rating 7 enquiry and order 60
6. Designation 8 C. New arrangement of BS 4999 62
7. Assignment of ratings 9
8. Rated ouput 10
9. Rated voltage 10 Tables
10. Machines with more than one rating 10 i. Limits of temperature rise of machines
indirectly cooled by air 22
Section four. Operating conditions II. Limits of temperature rise of machines
1 1. Altitude, temperature and coolant 11 indirectly cooled by hydrogen 23
12. Electrical conditions 12 III. Limits of temperature of directly cooled
machines and their coolants 24
Section five, Temperature rise IV. Assumed maximum ambient temperatures 26
13. (Reserved for future use) V. Dielectric tests 28
14. Conditions during temperature-rise test 14 VI. Overspeeds 32
15. Determination of temperature rise 15 VII. Unbalanced operating conditions for
16. Limits of temperatures and temperature rises 21 synchronous machines 34
VIII. Schedule of tolerances 38
Section six. Dielectric tests IX. Weighting factors 42
i 7. Dielectric tests 27 X. Cross-sectional areas of earth conductors 44
XI. (Untitled) 56
Section seven. Miscellaneous characteristics XII. Classification of insulating materials 58
18. Occasional excess current for rotating
machines 30 Figures
19. Momentary excess torque for motors 30 1. Continuous running duty. Duty type S1 45
20. Pull-up torque 31 2. Short time duty. Duty type S2 46
2 1. Overspeed 32 3. Intermittent periodic duty. Duty type S3 47
22. Unbalanced currents of synchrononous 4. Intermittent periodic duty with starting. Duty
machines 34 type S4 48
23. Short-circuit current 34 5. Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking.
24. Short-circuit withstand and excitation of Duty type S5 49
synchronous machines 35 6. Continuous operation periodic type. Duty type
S6 50
Section eight. Commutation test 7. Continuous operation periodic duty with
25. Commutation test for direct or alternating electric braking. Duty type S7 51
current commutator machines 37 8. Continuous operation periodic duty with
related load/speed changes. Duty type S.8 52
Section nine. Tolerances 9. Duty with non-periodic load and speed
26. Schedule of tolerances on quantities involved in variations. Duty t w e S9 53
the rating of electrical machines 37 10. Weighting curve 54
11. Adjustments for maximum ambient or primary
Section ten. Rating plates coolant temperature (see Sub-clauses 16.3.3 and
27. Rating plates 39 16.3.4) 55
A. 1 Measurement of final temperature of machine:
Section eleven. Irregularities of waveform method of extrapolation 59
28. Requirements and tests 40
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BS 4999:Part 101 : 1987
Foreword e.xs 9 .,-

This Part of BS 4999 has been prepared under the direction ofthe Power Electrical Engineering Standards Committee. It .
supersedes the 1972 editions of BS 4999 : Parts 1,4,30,31,32 and 69, which are withdrawn. . = -
This standard implements CENELEC* Harmonization Document HD 53.132 (1984) and is technically equivalent to
Publication 34-1 : 1983of the International Electrotechnical Commission. For convenience, the IEC text has b&n .
reproduced in this standard with some changes to take account of the CENELEC common modifications. As a result, some
terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards. The clauses in which the IEC text
has been changed to take account of the CENELEC modifications are 1,2.23,2.28,11.3,12.2.1,15.3,15.3.3,17,24.2,27
and 31 and these are indicated by a vertical line in the margin. Any references in these clauses to CENELEC Harmonization
Documents have been changed to references to the British Standards that implement the Harmonization Documents. Also
throughout the text, references to IEC publications and IS0 standards have been changed to the technically eqùivalent
British Standards, except in the case ofthe reference to IEC Publication 38 in 12.1 and the reference to IEC Publication 279
in 15.2.4for which there are no technically equivalent British Standards. The Technical Committee has reviewed the
provisions of these two IEC publications and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard.
In IEC Publication 38 reference is made in Table 1to a nominal system voltage of 230/400 V but in the UK the
corresponding nominal system voltage is 240/415 V.
Three national appendices have been included in this standard: national appendix A ‘Measurement of the final temperatures
of machines: guidance on method of extrapolation’ was included in BS 4999 :Part 32 : 1972, which is now withdrawn. A note
has been added to 15.4.2to make reference to this national appendix. -.
National appendix B ‘Information to be given by the purchaser with enquiry and order’ was included in BS 4999 :Part 3 1 :
1972, which is now withdrawn.
National appendix C ‘New arrangement of BS 4999’ gives the arrangement that is being adopted to bring the Part numbers
into line with those of IEC Publication 34. In the new arrangement, Parts 101,102, 105 to 109, 1I1 and 112 are related to
Parts 1,2,5 to 9 , l l and 12 respectively of IEC Publication 34, the 100series of numbers having been adopted to avoid
confusion with superseded Parts of BS 4999. A gap has been left between numbers 112 and 140 to allow for the future
addition of Parts related to the future Parts of IEC Publication 34. Parts 140 to 145 are not closely related to the Parts of the
IEC Publication 34.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
* European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. --``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
British Standard
General requirements for rotating electrical machines

Part 101. Specification for rating and performance
SECTION ONE - SCOPE
1. Scope
This drt o B 4999 is applicable to all rotating machines except Lose covered by other
British Standards, as far as they exist, e.g. BS i 73 covering the performance of rotating electrical
machines for rail and road vehicles, Machines within the scope of this standard may also be
subject to superseding, modifying or additional requirements in other British Standards, for
example BS 5501 : Parts 1 to 7 covering electrical apparatus for potentially explosive
atmospheres.
- If particular clauses ofthis standard are modifiedto meet special applications, for examplemachines subject to
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Note 1.
radioactivity or machines for aerospace all other clauses apply in so far as they are compatible.
2, - The titles ofthe publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.
SECTION TWO - DEFINITIONS
2. General
For the definitions of general terms used in this standard, reference should be made to
BS 4727 : Part 2 :Group 03.
For the purposes of this Part of BS 4999, the following definitions apply:
2.1 Rating
The whole of the numerical values of the electrical and mechanical quantities with their
durations and sequence assigned to the machine by the manufacturer and stated on the rating
plate, the machine complying with the specified conditions.
2.2 Rated value

The numerical value of a quantity included in the rating.
2.3 Rated output

The numerical value of the output included in the rating.

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BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
2.4 Load
Ail the numerical values of the electrical and mechanical quantities that signify the demand
to be made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a mechanism at a given instant.
2.5 No-load (operation)

The state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal
operating conditions).
2.6 Full load

The highest value of load specified for a machine operating at rated output.
2.7 Full load power

The highest value of power specified for a machine operating a t rated output.
Note. -This concept also applies to torque, current, speed, etc.
2.8 Rest and de-energized

The complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive.
2.9 Duty
The statement of the load@) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable,
starting, electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their
durations and sequence in time.
2.10 Duty type

A continuous, short time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining
constant for the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed
vary within the permissible operating range.
2.11 Thermal equilibrium

The state reached when the temperature rises of the several parts of the machine do not vary
by more than 2 K over a period of 1 h.
2.12 Cyclic duration factor

The ratio between the period of loading, including starting and electric braking, and the
duration of the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage.
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2.13 Locked rotor torque

The minimum measured torque which the motor develops with the rotor locked and rated
voltage applied at rated frequency.
2.14 Locked rotor current

The measured steady-state root-mean-square current taken from the line with the rotor
locked with rated voltage and frequency applied.

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2.18 Cooling
A procedure by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given
up first to a primary coolant, by increasing its temperature. The heated primary coolant may
be replaced by a new coolant at a lower temperature or may be cooled by a secondary coolant
in some form of heat exchanger.
2.19 Coolant
A medium (liquid or gas) by means of which heat is transferred.
I 2.20 Primary coolant

A medium (liquid or gas) which, by being at a lower temperature than a part of a machine
and in contact with it, removes heat from that part.
2.21 Secondary coolant

A medium (liquid or gas) which, being at a lower temperature than the primary coolant,
removes the heat given up by this primary coolant by means of a heat exchanger.
2.22 Direct cooled (inner cooled) winding

A winding in which the coolant flows through hollow conductors, tubes or channels which
form an integral part of the winding inside the main insulation.
2.23 Indirect cooled winding

A winding cooled by any other method than that of Sub-clause 2.22.
Notes I. - In all cases when “indirect” or “direct” is not stated, an indirect cooled winding is implied.
I 2. - For other definitions, other than those in Sub-clauses 2.18 to 2.23, concerning cooling and coolants, reference
should be made to BS 4999 : Part 106.
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BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
2.24 Supplementary insulation

An independent insulation applied in addition to the basic insulation in order to ensure
8 protection against electric shock in the event of failure of the basic insulation.
2.25 Moment of inertia

The (dynamic) moment of inertia of a body’about an axis is the sum (integral) of the
products of its mass elements and the squares of their distances (radii) from the axis.
Note. - This quantity is designated by the letter symbol J and is exprksed in kglm2.
2.26 Thermal equivalent time constant

The thermal equivalent time constant is the time constant, replacing several individual time
constants, which determines approximately the temperature course in a winding after a
step-wise current change.
2.27 Encapsulated winding

A winding which is completely enclosed or sealed by moulded insulation.
2.28 Direction of rotation and terminal markings

_ - _ - - -
For this definition reference shall be made to BS 4999 : Part 108.
SECTION THREE - DUTY AND RATING
3. Rules for declaration of duty and for selection of a class of rating
3.1 Duty
The duty, as defined in Sub-clause 2.9, may be described by one of the duty types defined
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in Clause 4, or by the specification of another duty by the purchaser.
3.2 Declaration of duty

It is the responsibility of the purchaser to declare the duty as accurately as possible.
In certain cases, where the load does not vary or where it varies in a known manner, the
duty may be declared numerically or with the aid of a time sequence graph of the variable
quantities.
If the time sequence is indeterminate, a fictitious time sequence (duty types S2 to SS) not
less onerous than the true one, shall be selected, or the duty type S9 shall be applied.
If the duty is not stated, duty type S1 (continuous running duty) applies.
3.3 Rating
The rating, as defined in Sub-clause 2. i, is assigned by the manufacturer by selection of one
of the classes of rating defined in Clause 5. The class of rating selected shall normally be
maximum continuous rating based on duty type SI (continuous running duty) or short-time
rating based on duty type S2 (short-time duty).
If this is not possible, a periodic duty -type rating based on one of the duty types S3
to S8 (periodic duty) or the non-periodic duty type rating based on the duty type S9
(non-periodic duty) shall be selected.

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3.4 Selection of a class of rating

Where a machine is manufactured for general purposes, it shall have maximum continuous
rating and be capable of performing duty type S1.
If the duty has not been specified by the purchaser, duty type S1 applies and the class of
rating assigned shall be maximum continuous rating.
When a machine is intended to have a short-time rating, the rating shall be based on duty
type S2 as defined in Sub-clause 4.2 and as designated in Clause 6.
When a machine is intended to supply varying loads or loads including a period of no-load
or periods where the machine will be in a state of rest and de-energized, the class of rating
shall be a periodic duty type rating based on a duty type selected from duty types S3 to S8
as defined in Sub-clauses 4.3 to 4.8 and as designated in Clause 6.
When a machine is intended non-periodically to supply variable loads at variable speeds,

including overloads, the non-periodic duty type rating shall be based on duty type S9 as
defined in Sub-clause 4.9 and as designated in Clause 6.
A class of rating having been assigned to a machine on the basis of a duty type selected from
duty types S3 to S9, where a test is specified it is normally sufficient to test the machine at
an equivalent continuous rating as defined in Sub-clause 5.3.
In some cases, a test at the actual or estimated duty may be arranged by agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser but such a procedure is not generally practical.
In the determination of the rating:

- For duty types S1 to S8, the specified value(s) of the constant load(s) is taken to be the rated
output and is expressed in watts for motors and volt-amperes for generators. See
Sub-clauses 4.1 to 4.8 and period(s) “N” in Figures 1 to 8.
- For duty type S9, a suitable full load value(s) is taken as the rated output. See Sub-clause 4.9
and “CP”in Figure 9.
4. Duty types*
The duty types are as follows:
4.1 Continuous running duty - Duty type SI

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Operation at constant load of sufficient duration for thermal equilibrium to be reached (see
Figure i.).
4.2 Short-time duty - Duty type S2

Operation at constant load during a given time, less than that required to reach thermal
equilibrium, followed by a rest and de-energized period of sufficient duration to re-establish
machine temperatures within 2 K of the coolant (see Figure 2).
* Whilst the nine duty types are intended to apply primarily to motors, certain of them may also be used to define
generator duties (e.g. the duty types S1, S2).

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BS 4999: Part 101 : 1987
4.3 Intermittent periodic duty - Duty type S3 *

A sequence of identical duty cycles, each including a period of operation at constant load and
a rest and de-energized period (see Figure 3). In this duty, the cycle is such that the starting
current does not significantly affect the temperature rise.
4.4 Intermittent periodic duty with starting - Duty type S4*
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A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle including a significant period of starting, a
period of operation at constant load and a rest and de-energized period (see Figure 4).
4.5 Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking - Duty type S5*
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting of a period of starting, a period of
operation at constant load, a period of rapid electric braking and a rest and de-energized period
(see Figure 5).
4.6 Continuous-operation periodic duty - Duty type S6*

A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting of a period of operation at constant
load and a period of operation at no-load. There is no rest and de-energized period (see
Figure 6).
4.7 Continuous-operation periodic duty with electric braking - Duty type S7*
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting of a period of starting, a period of
operation at constant load and a period of electric braking, There is no rest and de-energized
period (see Figure 7).
4.8 Continuous-operation periodic duty with related loadlspeed changes - Duty type S8 *
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting of a period of operation at constant
load corresponding to a predetermined speed of rotation, followed by one or more periods of
operation at other constant loads corresponding to different speeds of rotation (carried out for
example by means of a change of the number of poles in the case of induction motors). There is
no rest and de-energized period (see Figure 8).
4.9 Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations - Duty type S9
e A duty in which generally load and speed are varying non-periodically within the permissible
operating range. This duty includes frequently applied overloads that may greatly exceed the
full loads (see Figure 9).
Note. - For this duty type suitable full load values should be taken as the basis of the overload concept.
5. Classes of rating
In assigning the rating, the manufacturer shall select one of the classes of rating defined in
Sub-clauses 5.1 to 5.5.
* The duration of a cycle is generally too short for thermal equilibrium to be reached (see Sub-clause 5.4).
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5.1 . Maximum continuotis ratiizg

The Statement of the load and conditions, assigned to the machine by the manufacturer,
at which the machine may be operated for an unlimited period while complying with the
requirements of this standard.
5.2 Sltort-tinte rating

The statement of the load, time and conditions, ,assigned to the machine by the
manufacturer, at which the machine may be operated for a limited period, starting at the
ambient.temperature, while complying with the requirements of this standard.
5.3 Equivalent continuous rating
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The statement of the load and conditions, assigned to the machine for test purposes by the
manufacturer, at which the machine may be operated until thermal equilibrium is reached,
and which is considered to be equivalent to one of the periodic duty types defined in
Sub-clauses 4.3 to 4.8 or to the duty type S9, as defined in Sub-clause 4.9, while complying
with the requirements of this standard.
5.4 Periodic duty type rating

The statement of the loads and conditions, assigned to the machine by the manufacturer,
at which the machine may be operated on duty cycles while complying with the requirements
of this standard.
This class of rating if applied shall correspond to one of the periodic duty types defined in
Sub-clauses 4.3 to 4.8.
The time for a duty cycle shall be 10 min and the cyclic duration factor shall be one of the
following values:
15%, 25%, 40%, 60%.
5.5 Non-periodic duty type rating

The statement of the varying loads over varying speed and conditions, including overloads,
assigned to the machine by the manufacturer, at which the machine may be operated
non-perio'dicaily while complying with the requirements of this standard.
This class of rating if applied shall correspond to the non-periodic duty with non-periodic
load and speed variations, as defined in Sub-clause 4.9.
6. Designation
6.1 Duty types

A duty type may be designated by an abbreviation of the terms given in Clause 4, for
example duty types S1 and S9 by S1 and S9.
For the duty type S2, the abbreviation S2 i s followed by an indication of the duration of
the duty. For duty types S3 and S 6 , the abbreviations S3 and S6 are followed by the cyclic
duration factor.
Examples: S2 60 min
S3 25%
S6 40%

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For the duty types S4 and S5, the abbreviations S4 and S5 are followed by the indication
of the cyclic duration factor and the moment of inertia of the motor (JM) and the moment
of inertia of the load (,Iext), both referred to the motor shaft.
Example: S4 25% JM = 0.15 kg m2Jext = 0.7 kg m2
For the duty type S7, the abbreviation S7 is followed by the moment of inertia of the motor
(JM)and the moment of inertia of the load (Jext), both referred to the motor shaft.
Example: S7 JM = 0.4 kg m2 Jext= 7.5 kg m2
For the duty type S8, the abbreviation S8 is followed by the moment of inertia of the motor
(JM)and the moment of inertia of the load (,Iext), both referred to the motor shaft, together
with the load, speed and cyclic duration factor for each speed condition.
Example: S8 JM = 0.5 kg m2 Jext= 6 kg m2 16 kW 740 r/min 30%

40 kW 1460 r/min 30%
25 kW 980 r/min 40%
6.2 Classes of rating

The designations of the classes of rating are as follows:
- maximum continuous rating - “cont” or “SI”.
- short time rating - duration of the operating period, e.g. “60 min” or “S2 60 min”.
- equivalent continuous rating - “equ”.

- periodic and non-periodic duty type ratings -as for the duty types. See above, for example
“S3 25%”.
The designations specified in Sub-clauses 6.1 and 6.2 follow the value of the rated output.
If no designation follows the rated output, maximum continuous rating applies.
7 . Assignment of ratings
The ratings shall be assigned in accordance with the requirements of this section and be
marked on the rating plate in accordance with Section Ten.
For machines with more than one rating, the machine shall comply with this standard in
all respects at each rating.
Where reactors are connected between machine terminals and the supply and are regarded
as an integral part of the machine, the rated values shall refer to the terminals of the reactor
on the supply side.
Note. - This does not apply to power transformers connected between the machine and the supply.
For all machines the preferred rated output values expressed in watts, shall be taken from the
R40 series of preferred numbers, rounded-off in accordance with BS 2045.
When a specific British Standard publication exists for machines of a particular type, the rated
output values shall be in accordance with any series specified in that publication.
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8. Rated output
8.1 D.C.generators
The rated output is the output at the terminals and shall be expressed in watts (W).
8.2 A.C. generators

The rated output is the apparent electric power at the terminals and shall be expressed in
volt-amperes (VA) together with the power factor.
The rated power factor for synchronous generators shall be 0.8 lagging (over-excited) unless
otherwise specified.
8.3 Motors
The rated output is the mechanical power available at the shaft and shall be expressed in
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watts (W).
Note. - It is the practice in many countries for the mechanical power available at the shafts of motors to be
expressed also in horsepower (1 h.p. is equivalent to 745.7 W, 1 ch (cheval or metric horsepower) is
equivalent to 736 W).
8.4 Synchronous condensers

The rated output is the reactive power at the terminals and shall be expressed in
volt-amperes reactive (var) in both the leading (under-excited) and the lagging (over-excited)
conditions.
9. Rated voltage
9.1 Rated voltage at the terminals

The rated voltage is the voltage between lines at the terminals of the machine at rated
output.
9.2 Generators intended for operation over a relatively small range of voltages
D.C. generators.
For d.c. generators intended to operate over a relatively small range of voltage, the rated
output and current shall relate to the highest voltage of the range, unless otherwise specified
(see Sub-clause 12.3).
A.C. generators.
For a.c. generators intended to operate over a relatively small range of voltage, the rated
output and power factor shall relate to any voltage within the range, unless otherwise specified
(see Sub-clause 12.3).
10. Machines with more than one rating
10.1 Ratings for multì-speed motors

For multi-speed motors, a definite rating shall be assigned for each speed.

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10.2 Ratings for machines with varying quantities

When a rated quantity (output, voltage, speed, etc.) may assume several values or vary
continuously within two limits, the rating shall be stated at these values or limits. This
provision does not apply to voltage variations of +_ 5% or to star-delta connections intended
for starting.
SECTION FOUR - OPERATING CONDITIONS
11. Altitude, temperature and coolant
Machines shall be designed for the following operating site conditions, unless other
conditions are specified by the purchaser.
11.1 Altitude
Height above sea level not exceeding 1 O00 m.
For machines intended for operation on a site where the altitude is in excess of 1 O00 my
see Sub-clause 16.3.
For machines intended for operation on a site where the coolant temperature is low, by
reason of high altitude, see Sub-clause 16.3.
11.2 Ambient temperature and temperature of the coolant

11.2.1 Maximum ambient and coolant temperatures
The temperature of the air at the operating site (which may be the primary or the secondary
coolant, depending on the ventilation system of the machine) is subject to seasonal variation,
but does not exceed 40 "C.
Machines intended for operation with a maximum ambient temperature other than 40 "C
are covered by Sub-clause 16.3.
For machines having water-cooled heat exchangers, the temperature of the water at the
intake to the heat exchangers shall not exceed 25 "C (see also Sub-clause 16.1.4).
11.2.2 Minimum ambient and coolant temperatures
The minimum temperature of the air at the operating site (which may be the primary or
the secondary coolant, depending on the ventilation system of the machine) is - 15 "Cythe
machine being installed and in operation or at rest and de-energized.
This applies to all machines except the following:
a) a.c. machines with rated outputs exceeding 3 300 kW (or kVA) per 1 O00 r/min, machines
with rated outputs 'less than 600 W (or VA) and all machines having a commutator or
sleeve bearings. For these machines the minimum ambient temperature is + 5 "C;
b) machines having water as a primary or secondary final coolant. The minimum temperature
of the water and the ambient air is f'5 OC.
Note. -If temperatures below those given are to be expected, the manufacturer should be informed of the minimum
ambient temperature and !t should be specified whether this applies only during transport and storage or also
after installation. Temperatures below those givenshould be the subject of an agreement between manufacturer
and purchaser.
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BSI BS*4777 P A R T * L O L 87 Lb24bbî 00b2bôB 2 =

BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
1 1.3 Characteristics of the gas used as a coolant in hydrogen-cooled machines
Hydrogen-cooled machines shall be capable of operating at a rated output under rated

conditions with a coolant containing not less than 95% hydrogen by volume.
Note. - For safety reasons, the hydrogen content should at ali times be maintained at 90% or more, it being assumed
that the other gas in the mixture is air. .
For calculating efficiency in accordance with BS 4999 : Part 102, the standard composition of
the gaseous mixture shall be 98 Yo hydrogen and 2 Yo air by volume, at the specified values of
pressure and recooled temperature, unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and
purchaser. Windage losses shall be calculated at the corresponding density.
12. Electrical conditions
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12.1 Electrical supply
A.C. machines within the scope of this standard shall be suitable for three-phase, 50 Hz or
60 Hz, with voltages derived from the nominal voltages given in I E C Publication 38: I E C
Standard Voltages.
In deriving rated voltages for machines, it is necessary to take into consideration the
differences between distribution and utilization system voltages.
Note. - For large high-voltage a.c. generators, the voltages may be selected for optimum performance.
12.2 Form and symmetry of voltages and currents

Machines shall be so designed as to be capable of operating under the conditions detailed
in Sub-clauses 12.2.1, 12.2.2 (see also Clause 22) or 12.2.3 as appropriate.
12.2.1 In the case of an a.c. motor, the supply voltage is assumed to be virtually sinusoidal as
defined in Item a ) below. In the case of a polyphase motor, the supply voltages are also
assumed to form a virtually balanced system as defined in Item b ) below.
Should the limits in Items a) and b ) occur simultaneously in service at the rated load, this
shall not lead to any deleterious temperature in the motor and it is recommended that the
excess resulting temperature rise or temperature related to the limits specified in Tables I, II
and III should be not more than approximately 10 K.
a ) The voltage is considered to be virtually sinusoidal, if, when supplying an a.c. motor at
rated load, the waveform is such that the difference between the instantaneous value and
the instantaneous value of the fundamental component does not exceed 5% of the
amplitude of the latter.
In temperature-rise testing, as specified in Section Five, such amplitude difference shall
not exceed 2.5%.

BSI B S * L l î î î P A R T * L O L 4 7 W L b 2 4 b b î 0062689 Ll
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
. b) A polyphase voltage system is deemed to form a virtually balanced system of voltages if

the negative sequence component does not exceed 1% of the positive-sequence component
of the system of voltages over a long period, or 1.5% for a short period not exceeding a
few minutes, and if tlie.voltage of the zero-sequence component does not exceed 1% of
the posi tive-sequence component.
Nofe 1. - Motors shall be able to operate with a negative sequence,component of voltage of 2 Oh; but this may iiivolve
I very severe conditions which could affect the life of motors.
In temperature-rise testing as specified in Section Five, the negative sequence component

shall be less than 0.5% of the positive-sequence component of the system of voltages, the
influence of the zero-sequence system being eliminated. By agreement between manufacturer
and purchaser, the negative-sequence component of the system of currents may be measured
instead of the negative-sequence component of the voltages, and this shall not exceed 2.5%
of the positive-sequence component of the system of currents.
Note2. - In the vicinity of large single-phase loads (e.g. induction furnaces), and in rural areas particularly on mixed
industrial and domestic systems, supplies may be distorted beyond the limits set out above. Special
arrangements will then be necessary between manufacturer and purchaser.
12.2.2 In the case of an a.c. generator, the circuit which it supplies is assumed to be virtually
non-deforming and virtually balanced as defined in Items a ) and b) below.
Should the limits defined in Items a ) and 6) occur simultaneously in service at the rated
load, this shall not lead to any deleterious temperature in the generator and it is recommended
that the excess resulting temperature rise or temperature related to the limits specified in
Tables I, II and III should be not more than approximately 10 K.
n) A circuit is considered to be virtually non-deforming if, when supplied by a sinusoidal
voltage, the current is virtually sinusoidal, that is to say, none of the instantaneous values
differ from the instantaneous value of the same phase of the fundamental wave by more
than 5% of the amplitude of the latter.
b) A polyphase circuit is considered to be virtually balanced if, when supplied by a balanced
system of voltages, the system of currents is virtually balanced, that is to say, neither the
negative-sequence component nor the zero-sequence component exceeds 5 % of the
positive-sequence component.
12.2.3 In the case of a d.c. motor supplied from a static power converter, the pulsating voltage
and current affect the performance of the machine. Losses and temperature rise will increase
and the commutation is more difficult compared with a d.c. motor supplied from a pure d.c.
power source.
Thus it is necessary for motors intended for static power converter supply to be designed
to operate under these conditions and it is often necessary to provide a d.c. motor with an
external inductance for reducing the pulsation.
In order to obtain a proper combination of d:c. motor and static power converter, the motor
manufacturer should be consulted.
12.3 Voltage variations during operation

Generators complying with these requirements shall be capable of supplying their rated
output at rated speed (and at rated power factor where separately controllable) at a voltage
e that may vary between 95% and 105% of their rated voltage.
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13
B S I BS*Li777 PARTmLOL 87 a Lb24bb7 0062b70 O
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
Motors complying with these requirements shall be capable of providing their rated output
when thcy are supplied (in the case of a.c. machines at their rated frequency) by a voltage that
may vary between 95% and 105% of their rated voltage.
In the case of continuous operation at the extreme voltage limits specified above, the
temperature-rise limits stated in Tables I and II may be exceeded by:
- 10 K for machines of outputs up to and including 1 O00 kW (or kVA);
- 5 K for machines of outputs exceeding 1 O00 kW (or kVA).
Note. - Machines should not be operated in service at loads in excess of their rated load or under conditions differing
from the rated conditions unless it is known that they are suitable for such use.
12.4 Machine neutral earthing

A.C. machines shall be suitable for continuous operation with the neutral at or near earth
potential. They shall also be suitable for operation on unearthed systems with one line at earth
potential for infrequent periods of short duration, for example as required for normal fault
clearance. If it is intended to run the machine continuously or for prolonged periods in this
condition, a machine with a level of insulation suitable for this condition will be required and
the condition shall be defined in operating instructions.
o
If the windings do not have the same insulation at the line and the neutral ends, this shall
be defined in operating instructions.
Note. -- The carthing of interconnection of machine neutral points should not be undertaken without consulting the
machine manufacturer because of the danger of zero-sequence components of currents of all frequencies
under some operating conditions and the possible mechanical damage to the winding under line-to-neutral
fault conditions.
SECTION FIVE - TEMPERATURE RISE
13. (Reserved for future use)
14. Conditions during temperature-rise test
14.1 Temperature of coolant

A machine may be tested at any convenient value of coolant temperature. If the temperature
e
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of the coolant at the end of the temperature-rise tests differs by more than 30 K from that
specified (or assumed from Sub-clause 16.3.5) for operation on site, the corrections given in
Sub-clause 16.4 shall be made.
14.2 Measurement of coolant temperature during tests

The value to be adopted for the temperature of the coolant during a test shall be the mean
of the readings of the temperature detectors taken at equal intervals of time during the last
quarter of the duration of the test.
In order to avoid errors due to the time-lag between the temperature of large machines and
the variations in the temperature of the coolant, all reasonable precautions shall be taken to
reduce these variatiom

ES1 BS*Llïïï PARTxLO.1 87 1ih24bb9 OOb2671 2
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
14.2.1 Open machines or closed machines without heat exchangers (cooled by surrounding ambient
air or gas)
The ambient air or gas temperature shall be measured by means of several temperature
detectors placed at different points around and half-way up the machine at a distance of from
1 m to 2 m from it and protected from all heat radiation and draughts.
14.2.2 Machines cooled by air or g a s p o m a remote source through ventilation ducts and machines
with separately mounted heat exchangers
The temperature of the primary coolant shall be measured where it enters the machine.
14.2.3 Closed machines with machine-mounted or internal-heat exchangers

The temperature of the primary coolant shall be measured where it enters the machine. For
machines having water-cooled or air-cooled heat exchangers, the temperature of the secondary
coolant shall be measured where it enters the heat exchanger.
15. Determination of temperature rise
15.1 Temperature rise of a part of a machine

The temperature rise of a part of a machine is the difference in temperature between that
part of the machine measured by the appropriate method in accordance with Subclause 15.3,
and the coolant measured in accordance with Sub-clauses 14.1 and 14.2.
15.2 Methods of measurement of temperature or temperature rise

Four methods of determining the temperature of windings and other parts are recognized:
a ) resistance method;
b) embedded temperature detector (ETD) method;
c ) thermometer method;
d ) superposition method.
The different methods shall not be used as a check against each other.
15.2.1 Resistance method
In this method, the temperature rise of the windings is determined from the increase of the
resistance of the windings.
15.2.2 Embedded temperature detector (ETD) method
In this method, the temperature is determined by means of temperature detectors (e.g.
resistance thermometers, thermocouples or semi-conductor negative coefficient detectors)
which are built into the machine during construction, at points which are inaccessible after
the machine is completed.
i523 Thermometer method

In this method, the temperature is determined by thermometers applied to the accessible
surfaces of the completed machine. The term “thermometer” also includes non-embedded
thermocouples and resistance thermometers provided they are applied to the points accessible
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15
E S 1 BSm4999 PARTmLOL 87 Lb2Lib69 0 0 6 2 6 9 2 4
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to the usual bulb-thermometers. When bulb-thermometers are used in places where there is
a strong varying or moving magrietic field, alcohol thermometers shall be used in preference
to mercury thermometers.
15.2.4 Superposition method
In this method the resistance measurements used for determination of temperature rises of
a.c. windings in accordance with Sub-clause 15.3.1, are made without interruption of the a.c.
load current by applying a small d.c. measuring current superposed upon the load current.
Note. - Details of this method are given in I E C Publication 279: Measurement of the Winding Resistance of an
A.C. Machine during Operation at Alternating Voltage.
15.3 Choice of method of measuring temperatures of windings
In general, for measuring the temperature of the windings of a machine, the resistance
method in accordance with Sub-clause 15.2.1 shall be applied.
The embedded temperature detector (ETD) method shall be used for a.c. stator windings of
machines having a rated output: of 5 O00 kW (or kVA) or more, unless otherwise agreed.
For a.c. machines having a rated output below 5 O00 kW (or LVA) and above 200 kW (or
kVA) the resistance method shall be used, unless the ETD method is agreed.
For a.c. machines having a rated output of 200 kW (or kVA) or less the resistance method
shall be used, unless the superposition method is agreed.
For machines rated 600 W (or VA) or less, when the windings are non-uniform or severe
complications are involved in making the necessary connections, the temperature rise may be
determined by means of thermometers (or non-embedded thermocouples). Temperature-rise
limits in accordance with Table I shall apply.
For a.c. stator windings having only one coil-side per slot, the embedded detector method
is not recognized and the resistance method shall be used (see also Sub-clause 15.3.2.2).
Note. - For checking the temperature of such windings in service, an embedded detector at the bottom of the slot
is of little value because it gives mainly the temperature of the iron core. A detector placed between the coil
and the wedge will follow the temperature of the winding much more closely and is, therefore, better for
check tests, although the temperature there may be rather low. The relation between the temperature
measured at that place and the temperature measured by the resistance method should be determined by
a temperature-rise test.
For windings of armatures having commutators and for field windings, except for field
windings in cylindrical rotors of synchronous machines, the resistance method and the
thermometer method are recognized (see also Sub-clause 15.3.3). The resistance method is
preferred.
For stationary field windings of d.c. machines having more than one layer the ETD method
may also be used.
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BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
15.3.1 Determination of teniperaiitre rise of wiiidings by the resistance method

15.3.1.1 Copper windings
The temperature-rise t2- t a may be obtained from the ratio of the resistance by the formula :
t2 + 235 = -
R2
ti + 235 Ri
where:
t2 = temperature (“C) of the winding at the end of the test
tl = temperature (“C) of the winding (cold) at the moment of the initiai resistance measurement
f , = temperature (“C) of coolant at the end of the test
R2 = resistance of the winding at the end of the test .
R I = resistance of the winding at temperature f l (cold)
For practical purposes, the following alternative formula may be found convenient :
ta = R2 - RI (235..+ t l ) , + i l - i;,
t2 - ‘
RI
When the temperature of a winding is determined by resistance, the temperature of the
winding before the test, measured by thermometer, shall be practically that of the coolant.
5.3.1.2 Non-copper windings

For materials other than copper, replace the number 235 in’the above formula with the .
of the temperature coefficient of resistance at O “C of the material. For aluminium,
. reciprocal
unless otherwise specified, the number 225 shall be used.
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5.3.2 Determination of temperature rise by the embedded teinperatirre detector ( E T D ) metltorl

When the ETD method is used, the detectors shall be suitably distributed throughout the
machine windings and the number of embedded detectors installed shall be not less than six.
All reasonable efforts, consistent with safety, shall be made to place the detectors at the
various points at which the highest temperatures are likely to occur, in such a manner that
they are effectively protected from contact with the primary coolant.
For Table I, the highest reading of ETD elements (excluding unreliable readings) shall be
used to determine compliance with requirements for temperature rise or temperature limits.
Nofe. - For Tables II and III the average of the readings may be used.
If there are two or more coil-sides per slot the detectors shall be installed in accordance with
Sub-cIause 15.3.2.1. If there is only one coil-side per slot, or if it is desired to measure the end
winding temperature,. the recommended methods of installation are given in Sub-clauses
15.3.2.2 and 15.3.2.3, but in these cases the ETD method of temperature measurement is not
a recognized method for determining temperature rise or temperatiire limits in order to verify
the compliance of the rating with this standard.
15.3.2.1 Two coil-sides per slot or more tlzan two coil-sides per slot
When the winding has two coil-sides per’ slot or more than two sides per slot, the
temperature detectors shall be located between the insulated coil-sides within the slot in
positions at which the highest temperatures are likely to occiir.

17
~
BSI
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
15.3.2.2 One coil-side per slot

When the winding has one coil-side per slot, detectors that are embedded in the slots should
be located between the wedge and the outside of the winding insulation in positions at which
the highest temperatures are likely to occur.
15.3.2.3 End loindings
The temperature detectors should be located between two adjacent coil-sides within the
external range of the end windings in positions at which the highest temperatures are likely
to occur. The temperature sensing point of the temperature detector should be in close contact
with the surface of the coil-side and be adequately insulated against the coolant influence.
15.3.3 Deternzimtiorz of temperature rise by the tlierinometer ritethod
The thermometer method is recognized in the cases in which neither'tlie ETD method nor
the resistance method is' applicable.
Use of the thermometer method is also recognized in the following cases: .
a ) When it is not practicable to determine the temperature rise by the resistance method as,
for example, with low-resistance commutating coils and compensating windings and, in
general, in the case of low-resistance windings, especially when the resistance of joints and
, connections ,forms a considerable proportion of the total resistance.
b) Single-layer windings, rotating or stationary*

c ) The measurement of temperature rise during routine tests on machines manufactured in
large quantities.
If the purchaser wishes to have a thermometer reading in addition to the values determined
by the resistance method or by the ETD method, the temperature rise determined by
thermometer, when placed at the hottest accessible spot, shall be the subject of agreement
between manufacturer and purchaser, but shall not exceed:
65 K for Class A insulation of windings
80 K for Class E insulation of windings
90 K for Class B inslilation of windings
115 K for Class F insulation of windings
140 K for Class H insulation of windings
I Now. - For the classification ofthe insulations, see appendix 1.
15.4 Correctiort of iiieasiirements taken after the rtzachiiic has COIIZC to rest aiid is de-ertergized
15.4.1 The measurement of temperatures after shutdown by the resistance method requires a quick
shutdown of the machine at the end of the temperature test. A carefully planned procedure
and an adequate number of people are required to obtain readings quickly enough to give
reliable data.
If the initial resistance reading is obtained within the time interval indicated below, this
reading shall be accepted as the temperature measurement, and extrapolation of observed
temperatures to the instant of switching off the power is unnecessary.
Rated output (P) Time delay :ifter switching off power

(kW ikVA1) (SI
P 50 < 30
50 < P a 200 90
200 < P d 5000 120
5000 < P By agreement
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B S I BS*Li999 P A R T * l O L 87 l b Z Y b b 9 00b2695 T I
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15.4.2 If the initial resistance reading cannot be made in the required length of time, it shall be
made as soon as possible afterwards and additional resistance readings be taken at intervals
of approximately 1 min until these readings have begun a distinct decline from their maximum
values. A curve of these readings shall be plotted as a function of time and extrapolated to
the time delay specified in the above table for the rated output of the machine. A
semi-logarithmic plot is recommended where temperature is plotted on the logarithmic scale.
The value of temperature thus obtained shall be considered as the temperature at shutdown.
If successive measurements show increasing temperatures after shutdown, the highest value
shall be taken. _.
Note. - See national appendix A for guidance on a method of extrapolation.
15.4.3 For machines with one coil-side per slot, the resistance method may be used if the machine
comes to a standstill within the time delays specified in the table above. If the machine takes
longer than 90 s to come to rest after switching off the power, the superposition method (see
Sub-clause 15.2.4) may be used if previously agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
15.4.4 If the initial resistance reading cannot be made until after twice the time delay time specified
in Sub-clause 15.4.1 the method of Sub-clause 15.4.2 shall only be used by agreement ,between
manufacturer and purchaser.
15.5 Duration of temperature-rise 'testfor maximum continuous rating

For machines with maximum continuous rating (duty type Si), the temperature-rise test
shall be continued until thermal equilibrium has been reached. If possible, the temperature
shall be measured both while running and after shutdown.
15.6 Temperature-rise tests for classes of rating other than maximum continuous rating
15.6.1 Short-time rating (duty type S2)

The duration of the test is that given in the rating.
At the beginning of the test, the temperature of the machine shall be within 5 "C of the
temperature of the coolant.
At the end of the test, the temperature-rise limits specified in Sub-clause 16.1.3 shall not be
exceeded.
15.6.2 Periodic duty type ratings (duty types S3 to S8)
For intermittent loads, the load cycle specified shall be applied and continued until
practically identical temperature cycles are obtained. The criterion for this is that a straight
line between the corresponding points of duty cycles has a gradient of less than 2 K per hour.
If necessary, measurements should be taken at reasonable intervals over a period of time. At
the middle of the period causing the greatest heating in the last cycle of operation, the
temperature rise shall not exceed the limits specified in Table I.
15.6.3 Non-periodic duty type rating (duty type S9)

The temperature-rise test shall be carried out in accordance with Sub-clause 15.5 at the
equivalent continuous rating assigned by the manufacturer on account of the rated load-speed
variations and overload allowances, based on the duty specified by the purchaser in
accordance with duty type S9 defined in Sub-clause 4.9.
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No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 19
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
15.1 Determination of the thermal equivalent time constant for machines for duty type S9
The thermal equivalent time constant (with ventilation as in normal operating conditions)
suitable for approximate determination of the temperature course can be determined from the
cooling curve plotted in accordance with Sub-clause 15.4.2. Its amount is 1.44, times
1
(i.e. - times) the delay between disconnecting the motor and reaching a temperature
In 2
representing a point on the cooling curve corresponding to one half of the temperature rise
of the machine.
Note. - In the case of a machine with more than one time constant, for example a d.c. machine with different time
constants for armature, field windings and commutating windings, all the time constants should be
considered and the value likely to cause the most dangerous temperature should be used for determining
temperature rise.
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15.8 Method of bearing temperature measurement
For measuring the temperature of bearings, the thermometer method (see Sub-clause 15.2.3)
and the embedded temperature detector (ETD) method (see Sub-clause 15.2.2) are recognized.
The measuring point for the determination of the temperature of bearings shall be located
as nearly as possible to one of the two locations specified in the following table:
Type of bearing Measuring point Location of measuring point
Ball or roller A In the bearing housing and at a distance* not exceeding 10 mm

from the outer ring of the bearing**
B Outer surface of the bearing housing as close as possible to the
outer ring of the bearing
-
Sleeve A In the pressure zone of the bearing shell*** and at a distance* not
exceeding 10 mm from the oil-film gap**
B Elsewhere in the bearing shell
* The distances “measuring point to the outer ring” and “measuring point to oil-film gap” are measured from the
nearest point of the ETD or thermometer.
** In the unusual case of an “inside-out’’ machine, point A will be in the stationary part not more than 10 mm from
the inner ring of the bearing, and point B will be on the outer surface of the stationary part as close as possible
to the inner ring of the bearing.
*** The bearing shell is the part supporting the bearing material which is pressed or otherwise secured in the housing.
The pressure zone is the portion of the circumference which supports the combination of rotor weight and radial
loads such as with belt drive.
For measuring the temperature of bearings, good heat transference between the temperature
detector and the object to be measured shall be ensured; any air gaps, for instance, shall be
packed with conducting paste.
Note. - Between the measuring points A and B as well as between these points and the hottest point of the bearing,
there are temperature differences which depend, among other things, on the bearing size. For sleeve bearings
with pressed-in bearing buslies and for ball or roller bearings with an inside diameter up to 150 mm, the
temperature differences arising between the measuring points A and B may be presumed to be negligible.
In the case of larger bearings, temperatures will arise at the measuring point A, higher by approximately
15 K than those arising at the measuring point B.

BSI B S * 4 ï î ï P A R T * I O L 8 7 W 3 b 2 4 b b ï 0062b97 3 W
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
16. Limits of temperatures and temperature rises
16.1 Tables of temperatures and temperature rises

Table I specifies the permissible limits of temperature rise above the operating site ambient
air temperature for machines cooled indirectly by air, when operating at rated output at the
altitude and the maximum ambient temperature stated in Clause 11 (Le., not exceeding
1 O00 m above sea level and 40 OC).
Table II specifies the permissible limits of temperature rise above the hydrogen temperature
at the outlet of the heat exchanger, for machines having windings indirectly cooled by
hydrogen where the hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger does not exceed
40 "C. (See also Sub-clauses 14.2.2 and 14.2.3.)
Table III specifies the permissible limits of temperature for machines having active parts
directly cooled by gas or liquid.
16.1.1 Machines with more than one method of cooling

In the case of a machine where one winding is indirectly cooled and another winding is
directly cooled, the limits of temperature rise or of temperature of each winding shall be in
accordance with the requirements of the appropriate table.
16.1.2 Classes of insulation

The limits of temperature rise or temperature given in Tables I, II and III apply to the classes
of insulation shown in these tables; no figures have been assigned to Class C insulation.
16.1.3 Machines with short-time rating

For machines to which a short-time rating has been assigned (see Sub-clause 5.2), and which
have a rated output of less than 5000 kW (or kVA), the limits of temperature rise specified
in Table I increased by 10 K shall not be exceeded.
16.1.4 Machines with water-cooled heat exchangers

e For a machine referred to in Table I or Table II, having a water-cooled heat exchanger, the
temperature rises shall be measured above the temperature of the primary coolant at the outlet
from the heat exchangers (see also Sub-clauses 14.2.2 and 14.2.3), and shall apply with respect
to this outlet coolant temperature providing this does not exceed 40 OC.
However, the temperature rises may, by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser,
be measured with respect to the temperature of the water at intake to the heat exchanger and
if this inlet water temperature does not exceed 25 OC, the temperature-rise limits of Tables I
or II shall be increased by 10 K. The adjustments of temperature rise dependent on altitude
and maximum coolant temperature, detailed in Sub-clause 16.3 shall be applied where they
are relevant. Where, in the case of reference to the temperature of the water at intake, an
adjustment in accordance with Sub-clause 16.3.4 has been agreed, this may be obtained from
Figure 11 by adding 15 K to the specified maximum water temperature and reading from the
curve for this value and then increasing the adjustment by 10 K.
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BSI B S * 4 9 9 9 P A R T * L O L 8 7 W L62Llbb9 O062700 T M
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
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BSI BSm4977 PARTmLOL ¿!iW l b 2 4 b b ï 00b270L L W
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
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16.1.5 Macltines with non-periodic duty type rating

It should be noted that, for machines to which a non-periodic duty type rating based on
duty type S9 has been assigned, the limits of temperature rise of Table I may be occasionally
exceeded during operation of the machine.
16.2 Stator windings for rated voltages in excess of I I O00 V
16.2.1 Machines indirectly cooled by air
For stator windings fully insulated for rated voltages in excess of 1 I O00 V, the limits of
temperature rise specified in Table I shall be reduced by the following amounts:
a ) each 1 O00 V (or part thereof) above 11 O00 V up to and including 17 O00 V:
- 1.5 K when measurements are made by thermometer,

- 1 K when measurements are made by embedded temperature detector.
b) each 1 QOO V (or part thereof) above 17 O00 V, additional 0.5 K when measurement is made
. by thermometer or embedded temperature detector.
16.2.2 Machines indirectly cooled by hydrogen

For stator windings for rated voltages in excess of I 1 O00 V, the limits of temperature rise
specified in Table II shall be reduced by the following amounts:
- 1 K per 1 O00 V (or part thereof) above 11 O00 V up to and including 17 O00 V;
- additional 0.5 K per 1 O00 V (or part theriof) above 17000 V.
16.3 Adjustments to limits of temperature rise to take account of operating conditions

The adjustments detailed in this sub-clause shall be made to the limits of temperature rise
for machines indirectly cooled by air specified in Table I to take account of specified conditions
of altitude and/or maximum ambient temperature (or resulting conditions for maximum
primary coolant temperature of a machine with water-cooled heat exchanger), at the operating
site, differing from those specified in Clause 11.
16.3.1 No adjustment is to be made to the temperature-rise limits specified in Table I when the
maximum ambient temperature is 40 "C and the altitude is between sea level and 1 O00 m.
16.3.2 If the specified or resulting maximum coolant temperature exceeds 60 "Cor is less than O OC,
the limits of temperature rise shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
16.3.3 If the specified or resulting maximum coolant temperature is between 40 "C and 60 O C , the
limits of temperature rise given in Table I shall be reduced by the amount by which the coolant
temperature exceeds 40 OC.This is illustrated in Figure I 1.

BSI BSm4999 PART*LOL 87 m Lb24667 O062702 3 m
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
16.3.4 If the specified or resulting maximum coolant temperature is between O "C and 40 O C , no
increase in the limits of temperature rise shall normally be made; by agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser, however, an increase may be made, but this shall not exceed the
difference between this maximum coolant temperature and 40 OC,with a maximum of 30 K.
This is illustrated in Figure 1 1.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
16.3.5 If the machine is to operate at an altitude between 1 O00 m and 4 O00 m and the maximum
coolant temperature is not specified, it shall be assumed that the reduced cooling resulting
from altitude is compensated by a reduction of maximum ambient temperature below 40 O C
and that the limiting total temperatures will therefore not exceed 40 "C plus the Table I
temperature rises. The specified altitude and assumed maximum ambient temperature shall
be marked on the rating plate in accordance with Clause 27.
Note. - Assuming the necessary decrease in ambient temperature is 1% of the limiting rise for every 100 m of altitude
above i O00 m, the assumed maximum ambient temperature at operating site based on a 40 "C maximum
cmbient temperature for altitudes up to 1 O00 m will be as shown in Table IV (based on the limiting rises
for Items 16) and IC) of Table I).
16.3.6 If the machine is to operate at an altitude exceeding 4000 m the maximum limits of
temperature rise shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
TABLEIV
Assumed maximum ambient temperatures
Temperature ("C)
Altitude
Class of insulation
(m)
1 O00 40 40 40 40 40
2 O00 34 33 32 30 28
3 O00 28 26 24 19 15
4 O00 22 19 16 9 3
16.4 Adjustments to limits of temperature rise to take account of altitude or ambient temperature
of test site
The adjustments detailed in this sub-clause shall be made to the limits of temperature rise
for machines indirectly cooled by air specified in Table I to take account of difference in
altitude between the test site and the operating site, or difference between the specified or
resulting maximum coolant temperature at the operating site and the coolant temperature on
test.
16.4.1 Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the test site on account of direrence in altitude
If the operating site is higher than the test site, but is not higher than 4000 m, the limits
of temperature rise on test shall be as in Table I (corrected, if appropriate, in accordance with
Sub-clauses 16.2 and 16.3) minus an adjustment calculated on the basis of a i% change in
the permitted temperature rise in Table I per 100 m of difference between the altitudes of the
test site and the operating site. For purposes of this calculation, altitudes below 1 O00 m shall
be assumed to be equal to 1 O00 m.

BSI B S * q î î 7 PART*LOL 8 7 W Lb2Llb69 0 0 6 2 7 0 3 5
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
If the test site is .higher than the operating site but is not higher than 4000 m the
corresponding adjustment shall be added, not subtracted. If this positive temperature-rise
adjustment when added to the ambient temperature at the test site, results in a total
temperature considered excessive by the manufacturer, the testing procedure shall be agreed
between manufacturer and purchaser.
16.4.2 Adjustments for diference in coolant temperatures
When the actual coolant temperature at the inlet to the machine at the completion of the
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
temperature-rise test differs by less than 30 K from the maximum temperature at the operating
site or that assumed from Sub-clause 16.3.5, no further adjustment shall be made to the limits
of temperature rise on test.
temperature-rise test is lower by more than 30 K than the maximum temperature at the
operating site or that assumed from Sub-clause 16.3.5, the limits of temperature rise on test
shall be those specified in Table I adjusted in accordance with Sub-clauses 16.1.3, 16.1.4, 16.2,
16.3.3 and 16.3.4 as relevant and then reduced by a percentage numerically equal to one-fifth of
the difference between the maximum coolant temperature for the operating site and the coolant
temperature on test.
temperature-rise test is higher by more than 30 K than the maximum temperature at the
operating site or that assumed from Sub-clause 16.3.5, the limits of temperature rise on test
shall be those specified in Table I adjusted in accordance with Sub-clauses 16.1.3, 16.1.4, 16.2,
16.3.3 and 16.3.4 as relevant and then increased by a percentage numerically equal to one-fifth
of the difference between the maximum coolant temperature for the operating site and the
coolant temperature on test.
16.5 Corrections to take account of hydrogen purity on test

For machines indirectly cooled or directly cooled by hydrogen, if the purity.of the hydrogen
during test differs from the 98% specified in Sub-clause 11.3 no corrections shall be made to
the permissible temperature rises or limits of temperature if the proportion of hydrogen lies
between 95% and 100%.
SECTION SIX - DIELECTRIC TESTS
17. Dielectric tests
17.1 The high-voltage test shall be applied between the windings under test and the frame of the
machine, with the core and the windings not under test connected to the frame. It shall be
applied only to a new and completed machine with all its parts in place under conditions
equivalent to normal working conditions and shall be carried out at the manufacturer's works.
When a temperature-rise test is carried out, the dielectric test shall be carried out immediately
after this test.
In the case of polyphase machines with rated voltage above 1 kV having both ends of each
phase individually accessible, the test voltage shall be applied between each phase and the
frame, with the core and the other phases and windings not under test connected to the frame.

__
The test voltage shall be of power-frequency, and shall be as near as possible to sine wave form.
The test shall be commenced at a voltage of not more than one-half of the full test voltage.
The voltage shall then be increased to the full value steadily or in steps of not more than 5%
o
of the-full value, the time allowed for the increase of the voltage from half to full value being
not less than 10 s. The full test voltage shall then be maintained for 1 min in accordance with
the value as specified in Table V.
During the routine testing of quantity produced machines the one-minute test may be
replaced:
- for machines up to 200 kW (or kVA) and with rated voltages up to 660 V by a test of
approximately 5 s at the normal test voltage specified in Table VIII.
- for machines up to 5 kW (or kVA) by a test of approximately 1 s at 120 O/o of the normal test
voltage in Table VIII.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
the test voltage being applied by means of prods.
The high-voltage test at full voltage made on the'windings on acceptance shall not be
repeated. If, however, a second test is made at the request of the purchaser, after further drying
if considered necessary, the test voltage shall be 80% of the voltage specified in Table V.
Completely rewound windings shall be tested at the full test voltage for new machines.
When a user and a repair contractor have agreed to carry out dielectric tests in cases where
windings have been partially rewound or in the case of an overhauled machine, the following
provisions are recommended :
a ) partially rewound windings are tested at 75% of the test voltage for a new machine. Before
the test, the old part of the winding shall be carefully cleaned and dried;
b) overhauled machines, after cleaning and drying, are subjected to a test at a voltage equal to
1.5 times the rated voltage, with a minimum of 1 O00 V if the rated voltage is equal to or
greater than 100 V and a minimum of 500 V if the rated voltage is less than 100 V.
TABLEV
Dielectric tests
-
Item Machine or part Test voltage (r.m.s.)
No.
-
1 Insulated windings of rot:tting niachines of size 500 V + twice the rated voltage
Icss than 1 kW or kVA, and of rated voltage
less than i00 V with the exception of those i n
items 4 to 8
2 Iiisulatcd windings of rotating niacliiiics of size +
I O00 V twice the rated voltage with a minimum
less tliaii i0000 kW (or kVA) with the of 1500 V (sec Note I )
exception of those in Iteiii 1 niid Itenis 4 to 8
(sec Note 2)
3 Insiilaicd windings or rotating iiiacliincs of sizc
10000 kW (or kVA) or inorc with tlic
cxccptioii of tliosc in Itciiis 4 to 8 (SCCNote 2)
Rated voltage (sec Note I):

-- lip LO 24000 V IO00 v + 2u
- above 24000 V Subject to agreement between inanufacturer and
purchaser
4 Scparalely-excited ficld windings oï d.c. niachines +
I O00 V twice the inaxiiiium rated circuit voltage
with a miniinum of I500 V

BSI B S * q î î ï P A R T * Z O L 87 L b 2 4 b b î 00b2705 9 L
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
TABLE
V (còntinued)
Machine or part Test voltage (rams.)
Field windings of synchronous generators, syn-

chronous motors and synchronous condensers
Rated field voltage:

- UP to 500 V Ten times the rated field voltage with a minimum
of 1500 V
- above 500 V 4000 V + twice the rated field voltage
When a machine is intended to be started with Ten times the rated field voltage with a minimum
the field winding short-circuited or connected of I 500 V and a maximum of 3 500 V
across a resistance of value less than,ten times
the resistance of the winding
When the machine is intended to be started 1 O00 V +twice the maximum value of the r.m.s.
either with the field winding connected across voltage, which can occur under the specified
a resistance of value equal to, or more than, ten starting conditions; between the terminals of
times the resistance of the winding, or with the the field winding, or in the case of a
field windings on open-circuit with or without sectionalized field winding between the termi-
a field-dividing switch nals of any section, with a minimum of I 500 V
(see Note 3)
Secondary (usually rotor) windings of induction
motors or synchronous induction motors if not
permanently short-circuited (e.g. if intended
for rheostatic starting)
- For non-reversing motors or motors reversible 1 O00 V +twice the open-circuit standstill voltage
from standstill only as measured between slip-rings or secondaky
terminals with rated voltage applied to the
primary windings
- For motors to be reversed or braked by 1 O00 V + four times the open-circuit standstill
reversing the primary supply while the motor secondary voltage as defined in item 6a)
is running
Exciters (except as below) As for the windings to which they are connected
Exceprion I - Exciters of synchronous motors I O00 V +

twice the rated exciter voltage, with a
(including synchronous induction motors) if minimum of 1500 V
connected to earth or disconnected from the
field windings during starting
Exception 2 -Separately excited field windings of

exciters (see Item 4)
Assembled group of machines and apparatus A repetition ofthe tests in Items 1 to 7 above should
be avoided if possible, but if a test on an
assembled group of several pieces of new ap-
paratus, each one of which has previously
passed its high-voltage test, is made, the test
voltage to bc applied to such assembled group
shall be 80% of the lowest test voltiage appro-
priate for any part of the group (see Note4)
Notes I . -For two-phase windings having one terminal in common, the voltage in the formula shall be the highest r.m.s.
voltage arising between any two terminals during operation. . .
2. -High-voltage tests on machines having graded insulation should be the subject of an agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser.
3. -Th,e voltage occurring between the terminals of the field windings, or sections thereof; under tKe specified
startingconditionsmay bemeasured at any convenient reduced supply voltage, and thevoltageso measured
' shall be increased in the ratio of the specified starting supply voltage to the test supply voltage.
4. -For windings of one or more ma'chines connected together electrically, the voltage to be considered is the
'
maximum voltage that occurs in relation to earth.
/ @ ' 17.2 For testing of insulation of bars and coils of high voltage machines, see BS 4999 : Part 144.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI BS*li777 PARTxLOL’ A ï W l b 2 4 b b 7 0 0 b 2 7 0 b O =
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
SECTION SEVEN - MISCELLANEOUS CHARACTERISTICS
18. Occasional excess current for rotating machines
No/es 1. - Tlic cxccss currciit capability of rotating mecliincs is givcn for tlic purposc of co-ordiiiaiiiig tlicsc
iiiiicliincs with coiitrol iiiid protcctivc dcviccs. Tests to dcinoiistrate these capabilities ;ire not a
rcquirciiicnt oî tliis siniidaid.
2. - Tlic Iieatirig clïcct in the iniicliinc wiiidiiigs varies approxiiii¿itely iis thc product of tlie tinie aiid the square
of thc currcnt. A currciit iii excess of tlic ratcd currciit will result in incrcascd tcmpcraturc. ünicss
otlierwisc agreed bctwcen nianufacturer and purchaser, il ciiii be assumed that the machine will not be ’
opcratcd at tlie cxccss currcnts spccificd for more than ii few short pcriods during the lifetimc of the
iliacliine.
3. - When an a.c. niecliiiic is to bc uscd as both :igciicrator and a iiiotor, tlic cxccss currcnt capability should
bc tlic subjcct or agrccnicnt bctwccn iiiaiiufacttircr and purchaser.
18.1 Occcrsìoníil excess cinreiit 10s a.c. guteraloss

A.C. generators having rated outputs not exceeding 1200 MVA shall be capable of
withstanding a current equal to 1.5 times tlie rated current for not less than 30 s.
A.C. generators having rated outputs above 1200 MVA shall be capable of withstanding
a current equal to 1.5 times the rated current for a period which shall be agreed between
manufacturer and PLirchaser, but tliis period shall be not less than 15 s.
18.2 Occtisionnl escess ciirrent ./or a.c. riiotors (except coimilitafor mo(ors)
Three-phase a.c. niotors having rated outputs iiot exceeding 3 15 kW and rated voltages not
exceeding 1 kV shall be capable of withstanding a current equal to 1.5 times the rated current
for not less than 2 min..
Nore. - For three-pliasc motors having rated outputs above 315 k\V and all single-phase motors, no occasional
excess currciit is spccificd.
18.3 Occasioiial esccss ciisreiit for c1.c. riiacliines and ci.c. conrinii[ntor motors
D.C. motors and generators and a.c. cominutator motors shall be capable of withstanding
at the highest full-field specd (rated speed of a generator) and corresponding armature voltage,
a current equal to 1.5 times the rated current for not less than 1 min.
For large machines a shorter time may be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser but
this shall be not less than 30 s.
19. Momentary excess torque for niotors

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19.1 Polyplime iiiciiiciion rirotors niid d.c. motors (excluding motors in Sub-clmsè 19.2)
The niotors shall, whatever their duty and construction, be capable of withstanding for 15 s,
without stalling or abrupt change in spced (under gradual incréase of torque), an excess torque
of 60% of their rated torque, the voltage and frequency (induction motors) being maintained
at their rated values. For d.c. motors, the torque may be expressed,in terms of. overload
ciirrent.

BSI BS*4ïîï PART*LOL-87 = L624bbï 0062707 2 M
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987 ,
Motors for duty type S9 shall be capable of withstanding momentarily an excess torque
O determined according to the duty specified.
Note. - For an approximate determination of the changes in temperature due to the course of the current-related
losses, the thermal equivalent time constant, determined according to Sub-clause 15.7, may be used. In
addition, in the case of a commutator machine, attention should be given to the limits of commutation
capability.
19.2 Induction motors f o r specìjic applications
19.2.1 Motors intended for specific applications that require a high torque (for example for
hoisting) shall be the subject of agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
19.2.2 For cage-type induction motors specially designed to ensure a starting current less than
4.5 times the rated current, the excess torque can be below the figure of 60% given in
Sub-clause 19.1 above, but not less than 50%.
19.2.3 In the case of special types of induction motors with special inherent starting properties,
e for example motors intended for use at variable frequency, the value of the excess torque shall
be the subject of agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
19.3 Polyphase synchronous motors

Unless otherwise agreed, a polyphase synchronous motor, irrespective of the duty, shall be
capable of withstanding an excess torque as specified below for 15 s without falling out of
synchronism, the excitation being maintained at the value corresponding to rated load. When
automatic excitation is used, the limits of torque shall be the same values with the excitation
equipment operating under normal conditions:
- synchronous (wound rotor) induction motors: 35% excess torque
- synchronous (cylindrical rotor) motors: 35% excess torque
- synchronous (salient pole) motors: 50% excess torque
19.4 Other motors

The momentary excess torque for single-phase, commutator and other motors shall be the
subject of agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
0
20. Puli-up torque
Unless otherwise specified, the pull-up torque of cage induction motors under full voltage
shail be at least equal to the following values:
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20.1 Single speed three-phase motors

a ) For output less than 100 kW:
0.5 times the rated torque and
0.5 times the locked rotor torque.
b) For output equal to or greater than 100 kW:
0.3 times the rated torque and
0.5 times the locked rotor torque.

5
BSI B S * 4 9 9 9 P A R T * L O L ,87 Lb24bbï 00b2708 4 m

BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
20.2 Single-phase and multi-speed three-phase motors

0.3 times the rated torque.
2 1. Overspeed
Machines shall be designed to withstand the speeds specified in Table VI.
Due to settling of laminated rotor rims, laminated poles held by wedges or by bolts etc.,
a minute permanent increase in the diameter is natural, and not to be considered as an
abnormal deformation indicating that the machine is not suitable for normal operation.
During commissioning of a hydraulic-turbine driven synchronous generator, the machine

shall be driven at the speed it can reach with the overspeed protection operating, so as to
ascertain that the balance is satisfactory up to that speed.
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TABLE
VI
Overspeeds
Item Machine type Overspeed requirement

No.
1 A.C. machines
- All machines other than those specified below: 1.2 times the maximum rated speed
a ) Water-turbine driven generators, any auxiliary Unless otherwise specified, the runaway speed of
machines connected directly (electrically or the set but not less than 1.2 times the maximum
mechanically) to the main machine rated speed
b ) Machines which may under certain circum- The specified runaway speed of the set but not less
stances be driven by the load than 1.2 times the maximum rated speed
c) Series and universal motors 1.1 times the no-load speed at rated voltage
For motors integrally attached to loads that
cannot become accidentally disconnected, the
words “no-load speed” shall be interpreted to
mean the lightest load condition possible with
the load
2 D.C. machines
a ) Shunt-wound and separately excited motors 1.2 times the highest rated speed or 1.15 times the
corresponding no-load speed, whichever is
greater
(Table c o n r i n i d )

BSI B S * q ï 9 9 P A R T * L O L 87 W 3624bb9 0 0 b 2 7 0 9 b =
BS4999:PartlOl:I987
VI (continued)
TABLE
O Item Overspeed requirement
Machine type
-
No.
2 b ) Compound-wound motors having speed 1.2 times the higher rated speed or 1.15 times the
regulation of 35% or less corresponding no-load speed, whichever is
greater but not exceeding 1.5 times the highest
rated speed
c) Compound-wound motors, having speed The manufacturer shall assign a maximum safe
regulation greater than 35% and series-wound operating speed which shall be marked on the
motors rating plate. The overspeed for these motors
shall be 1.1 times the maximum safe operating
speed. The safe operating speed marking is not
required on motors that are capable of an
overspeed of 1.1 times the no-load speed at
rated voltage
d) Permanent-magnet excited motors Overspeeds as specified in Item 2a) unless the
motor has a series winding and, in such a case,
they shall withstand the overspeeds specified in
Items 26) or 2c) as appropriate
e) Generators 1.2 times the rated speed
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

B S I BSml(777 PART*LO1 8 7 E L b 2 4 b b 7 0 0 6 2 7 1 0 2
BS4999:Part 101 : 1987
22. Unbalanced currents of synchronous machines
Unless otherwise specified, three-phase synchronous machines shall be capable of operating

continuously on an unbalanced system such that, with none of the phase currents exceeding
the rated current, the ratio of the negative sequence component of current (12) to the rated
current (IN)does not exceed the values in Table VI1 and under fault conditions shall be capable
of operation with the product of (12/1N)’ and time in seconds ( t ) not exceeding the values in
Table VII.
VI1
TABLE
Unbalanced operating conditions for synchronous machifies
Maximum (ZdZN)*f for

Item Maximum Z~/ZN
Machine type operation under
No. for continuous operation
fault conditions
Salient pole machines
Indirectly cooled
motors o. 1 20
generators 0.08 20
synchronous condensers 0.1 20
Directly cooled (inner cooled) stator

and/or field
motors 0.08 15
generators 0.05 15
synchronous condensers 0.08 15
Cylindrical rotor synchronous

machines
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Indirectly coo$d rotor

air-cooled o. 1 15
hydrogen-cookd O. 1 10
Directly cooled (inner cooled) rotor
d 350 MVA 0.08 8

> 350 d 900 MVA * **
> 900 < 1250 MVA * 5
> 1250 d 1600 MVA 0.05 5
* For these machines, the value of ZdZN is calculated as follows:
** For these machines, the value of (12/IN)’t is calculated as follows:

(I2/ZN)’t = 8 - 0.005 45 (SN- 350)
where SN is the rated apparent power in megavoltamperes.
23. Short-circuit current
Unless otherwise specified, the peak value of the short-circuit current for synchronous
machines, and turbine-type machines not covered by BS 5000 : Part 2, in the case of short circuit
on all phases during operation at rated voltage, shall not exceed 15 times the peak value or
21 times the r.m.s. value of the rated current.

BSI BSm4977 P A R T x L O L 8 7 Il b 2 4 6 6 7 00b27LL 4 W
BS 4999:Part 101 :&I987
For three-phase turbine-type machines, see BS 5000 ;Part 2. ..

The check may be carried out by calculation or by means of a test at a voltage of 50% of
the rated voltage or above.
24. Short-circuitwithstand and excitation of synchronous machines
24.1 Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines

The three-phase short-circuit test for synchronous machines shall be carried out only at the
request of the purchaser. In this case, the test shall be carried out on the machine running on
no-load with an excitation corresponding to the rated voltage unless otherwise agreed. The
test shall not be carried out with an excitation greater than that corresponding to 1.05 times
the rated voltage at no load.
The test excitation, as determined, may be reduced by agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser, in order to take into account the impedance of the transformer which may be
placed between.the machines and the system. In this latter case, it may also be agreed that
the test be made on the operating site with the over-excitation device in operation. The short
circuit shall be maintained for 3 s.
The test is considered satisfactory if no harmful deformation occurs and if the requirements of
the applied voltage dielectric test (see Clause 17, Table VI are met after the short-circuit test. For
three-phase turbine-type machines, see BS 5000 : P a s 2.
24.2 Excitation
24.2.1 Generator reserve excitation
When running at the rated operating temperature and at rated speed, generators shall be
capable of developing for a short time their rated voltage and a current equal to 125 per cent of
the rated current (at rated power factor for a.c. generators). For separately excited or self-excited
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
machines, the field winding shall be designed accordingly. For machines with direct-coupled
exciter, the exciter shall be capable of supplying the required excitation voltage.
Note 1. - The operating conditions stated above are only intended to ascertain that the reserve excitation is sufficient
and are not associated with any temperature rise condition. However, if the test is carried out after a
temperature rise test, it is recommended that its duration be limited in order to prevent winding temperatures
from exceeding the limits of temperature resulting from the values specified in Table I, II and III.
Note 2. - The above requirements shall not apply to compound generators without any voltage regulation system.
24.2.2 Ceiling voltage (U,)
The ceiling voltage of the excitation system of non-compounded synchronous generators o r synchronous
condensers is the maximum voltage at which the excitation system is capable of operation, with the field
windings of the machine at their operating temperature.
The ceiling voltage shall not be less than 1.4 times the rated excitation voltage for not less than 10 s.
24.2.3 Initial excitation system response
The initial excitation system response is the initial rate of increase in the excitation voltage
expressed by its relative value in relation to the excitation voltage for the rated conditions, of the
main machine, the temperature being stabilized and under conditions which enable the ceiling
voltage to be attained in the shortest possible time.

I-
E S 1 BS*11949 PART*LOL 8 7 W Lb24669 0 0 6 2 7 3 2 6 -
The conventional expression of the initial excitation system response is:
u p - ufn - - -P - 1
Ufn x t l 11
where:
Ufn = excitation voltage for the rated conditions of the main machine.
Up = excitation ceiling voltage.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
p' =vp
ufn
t1 = the time required for the excitation voltage Up to increase from Ufnto Uf,, + 0.632(Up- Ur,,).
The reciprocal of the initial excitation system response shall be less than 2 s.
Note. - In 24.2.1 and 24.2.3 if the operating temperature of field windings is not known it shall be considered to be 75 OC
for windings of classes A, E and B and 1 15 O C for classes Fand H.
24.2.4 Excitation response ratio
T h e excitation response ratio is the initial excitation system response (c.f. 24.2.3)calculated by replacing
the actual change in voltage by a linear variation leading to the same mean value as measured unless
otherwise agreed during the first half-second.
In the case of a measurement made during the first half-second, the excitation response ratio will be
expressed by:
4(ufn(û.5) - ufn)
um
where:
Uf,, = excitation voltage for the rated conditions ofthe main machine.
Ufn(o,5) = mean value of the excitation voltage during the first half-second.

SECTION EIGHT - COMMUTATION TEST
25. Commutation test for direct or alternating current commutator machines
A‘direct or alternating current commutator machine shall be capable of operating from

no-load to operation with the excess current or excess torque specified in Section Seven
without permanent damage to the surface of the commutator or brushes and without injurious
.sparking, the brushes remaining in the same set position. If a temperature-rise test is made,
the commutation test shall be made immediately after completion of that test.
SECTION NINE - TOLERANCES
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
26. Schedule of tolerances on quantities involved in the rating of electrical machines
Notes 1. - It is not intended that guarantees necessarily be given upon all or any of the items shown in Table VIII.
Tenders including guarantees subject to tolerances should so state, and the tolerances should be in
accordance with Table VIII.
2. - Attention is drawn to the different interpretations of the term “guarantee”.
In some countries a distinction is drawn between guaranteed viiliics and typical or declared valucs.
. 3. -Where a tolerance is stated in only one direction, the value is not limited in the other direction.

BSI B S * 4 7 î ï PART*LOL 8 7 3 6 2 4 b b ï 0062734 T
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
TABLE
VI11
Schediile of tolerances
-
Item Itcin Tolerance
No.
Eficieiicy *
By summation of losses:
- machines up to 50 kW
- machines above 50 kW
By input - output test
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Total losses* (applicable to machines above + 10% of the total losscs
50 kW)
Minimum 0.02
Power-factor for induction macliiiics Maximum 0.07
Speed 0fd.c. shunt aiid separate excitation motors kW per I O00 r/rnin
(at full load and at working tempcraturc) < 0.67 f 15%
Not less than 0.67 but below 2.5 & 10%
Not less Llian 2.5 but below I O f7.5%
I O and upwards f5%
Speed of d.c. series motors (at full load and at < 0.67 f20%
working tcmpcriiturc) Not Icss tlieii 0.67 but below 2.5 - 15%
-I-
Not Icss tliiin 2.5 but below I O f 10%
I O and upwards f7.5%
Speed of d.c. coinpound excitation motors (at full Tolerances as for Item 4h) unless otherwise agreed
load aiid at working temperature) between manufacturer and purchaser
Slip of induction motors (at full load tind a t work-

i ng t einpcra t u re)
- machines Iiaving outpul I kW (or kVA) or f 2 0 % 01' the guaranteed slip
more
- macliines Iiaving output less than 1 kW (or f30% of tlic guaranteed slip
kVA)
Speed of a.c. motors witli shunt chariictcristics (at - on the highest speed:
full load and :it working temperature) -3% of the synchronous speed
- on the lowest speed:
+ 3% of thc synchronous speed
Inherent voltage regulation of d.c. generators, f 2 0 % of the guaranteed regulation at that po'int
shunt or separately excited at any point on the
characteristic
Inherent voltage regulation of generators with f20% of the guaranteed regulation, with a mini-
compound excitatioii (at the rotcd power- muni of
factor in the case of alternating current) f 3 % of the rated voltage
(This tolerance applies to the ma'ximum deviation at
any load between tlie observed voltage at that.
loadaiid astraiglit linedrawn between thepoints
of guaranteed no-load and full-load voltage)
Locked rotor current of cage induction motors + 20% O f tlie guaranteed current (no lower limit)
witli short-circuited rotor and with any speci-
fied starting apparatus
* The determination oîcílcieticy and losscs is dealt witli in BS 4999 : Part 102.
(7uhlc cuiiriitiied.)

TABLE-
VI11 (continued)
Item Item Tolerance

No.
-
9 ’eak value of short-circuit current of an a.c. gen- f30% of the guaranteed value
erator under specified conditions
10 steady short-circuit current of an a.c. generator at f15% of the guaranteed value

specified excitation
11 Variation of speed of d.c. shunt-wound and com- *20% of the guaranteed variation with a mini-
pound-wound motors (from no-load to full mum of f2% of the rated speed
load)
12 Locked rotor torque of induction motors - 15% + 25% of the guaranteed torque
(+25% may be exceeded by agreement)
12A Pull-up torque of induction motors - 15% of the guaranteed torque
13 Pull-out torque of induction motors - 10% of the guaranteed torque except that after
. allowing for this tolerance the torque shall be
not less than 1.6 or 1.5 times the rated torque
(see Clause 19)
14 Moment of inertia f10% of the guaranteed value

15 Locked rotor torque for synchronous motors +
15% 25% of the guaranteed value
(+25% may be exceeded by agreement)
16 Pull-out torque for synchronous motors - 10% of the guaranteed value except that after
allowing for this tolerance, the torque shall be
not less than 1.35 or 1.5 times the rated torque
(see Clause 19)
17 Locked rotor current for synchronous motors +20% of the guaranteed value (no lower limit)
SECTION TEN - RATING PLATES
27. Rating plates
Every electrical machine shall be provided with a rating plate (or rating plates), containing
the following appropriate information which shall be easily legible and durable. This informa-
tion need not all be on the same plate. As far as possible the rating plate(s) shall be fixed to
the frame of the machine and, unless otherwise specified, located in such a way as to be easily
legible in the position of use determined by the type of construction of the machine (see
BS 4999 : Part 107).
1. The manufacturer’s name.

2. The manufacturer’s serial number, or identification mark, and year of manufacture.
3. The type of machine: motor or generator; shunt, series, compound, cage, etc.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

39
. -
E S 1 BS*4997 PARTmLOL 8 7 = lib2Libb9 00b27Lb 3
ES 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
4. The class of rating or the duty type according to Clauses 3 to 6 inclusive.

5. The rated output.
6. The rated voltage.
7. The rated current.
8. Type of current (d.c. or a.c. r y ).
9. For a.c. machines, the rated frequency and number of phases.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
10. The rated speed, or speed range.
11. The permissible overspeed, if applicable (e.g., turbine-type generators and hydraulic-
turbine driven generators).
12. The class of insulation or the permissible temperature rise.
13, The number and date of the standard applicable (e.g. BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987).
14. For a.c. machines, the winding connections designated by the appropriate symbols from
BS 3939 : Part 6.
15. For a.c. machines, the power-factor.

16. For synchronous machines or d.c. machines with separate excitation, the rated field
current and voltage.
17. For wound-rotor induction machines, the open-circuit voltage between slip rings and the
slip-ring current for rated conditions.
18. For hydrogen-cooled machines, the hydrogen pressure at rated output.
19. The maximum ambient temperature if the machine is designed for a maximum ambient
temperature other than 40 OC,or the maximum water temperature if the machine is
designed for a maximum water temperature other than 25 OC.
20, The altitude, if the machine is designed to be used at an altitude exceeding 1O00 m.
21. The mass of the machine shall be indicated, if greater than 30 kg when this indication is of
interest. . .
Note. - The above items are numbered for convenient reference, but the order in which they appear on the rating plate
is not standardized.
If a machine is suitable for operation in only one direction of rotation, except in the case
of a motor with the windings permanently connected so that only one direction of rotation
is possible, the direction of rotation shall be clearly indicated by an arrow. This arrow need
not be on the rating plate but shall be in an easily visible position
SECTION ELEVEN - IRREGULARITIES O F WAVEFORM
28. Requirements and tests
The requirements of this section apply only to synchronous machines of 300 kW (or kVA)
or above, intended for connection to power networks operating at nominal frequencies of
16Y3 Hz to 100 Hz inclusive, with a view to minimizing interference between power lines and
adjacent circuits.

BSI BSx11777 PARTxLOL 8 7 L b 2 4 b b 7 OOhZ737 5
B S 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
28.1 Requirements
When tested on open-circuit and at rated speed and voltage, the telephone harmonic factor
(THF) of the line-to-line terminal voltage as measured according to the methods laid down
in Sub-clause 28.2 shall not exceed the following values:
Rated output of machine THF
300 kW (or kVA) < P < 1 O00 kW (or kVA) 5%

1 O00 kW (or kVA) < P < 5 O00 kW (or kVA) 3%
5000 kW (or kVA) < P 1.5%
28.2 Tests
Type tests shall be carried out on a.c. generators to verify compliance with Sub-clause 28.1.
The range of frequencies measured shall cover all harmonics from rated frequency up to
5 O00 Hz.
Either the THF may be measured directly by means of a meter and associated network
specially designed for the purpose, or each individual harmonic shall be measured and from
the measured values the THF shall be computed using the following formula:
where:
En = r.m.s. value of n& harmonic line-to-line terminal voltage
U = r.m.s. value line-to-line terminal volfage of machine
1, = weighting factor for frequency corresponding to nth harmonic
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

41
3
' E S 1 BS*11777 PART*LOL A ? U L b 2 4 b b 7 00b27LA 7

BS 4999 : Part 1 O1 : 1987
Numerical values of the weighting factor for different frequencies shall be obtained from
Table IX, the curve in Figure 1O may be used as an aid to interpolation.
TABLE
IX
Weighting factors
Frequency Weighting Frequency Weighting

(Hz) factor (Hz) factor
16.66 0.000001 17 2 050 1.79

- 50 0.000 044 4 2 100 1.81
-
1O0 0.001 12 2 150 1.82
-
150 0.006 65 2 200 1.84
-
200 0.022 3 2 250 1.86
250 0.055 6 2 300 I .87
-
300 0.111 2 350 1.89
350 0.165 2 400 1.90
-
400 0..242
450 0.327 2 450 1.91

-
500 0.414 -
2 500 1.93
550 0.505 2 550 1.93
-
600 0.595 2 600 1.94
650 0.691 2 650 1.95
700 0.790 2 700 1.96
750 0.895 2 750 1.96
-
800 1.o00 2 800 1.97
850 1.10 2 850 1.97

900 1.21 2 900 1.97
950 1.32 2 950 1.97
-
1 O00 1.40 -
3 O00 1.97
1050 1.46 3 100 1.94
1100 1.47 3 200 1.89
1150 1.49 3 300 1.83
-
1200 1.50 3 400 1.75
1250 1.53 -
3 500 1.65
1 300 1.55 3 600 1.51
1350 1.57 3 700 1.35
1400 1.58 3 800 1.19
1450 1.60 3 900 1.O4
-1 500 1.61 -
4 O00 0.890
1550 1.63 4 100 0.740
i 600 1.65 4 200 0.610
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1650 1.66 4 300 0.496

1 700 1.68 4 400 0.398
1750 1.70 4 500 0.316
1 800 1.71 4 600 0.252
1850 1.72 4 700 0.199
1900 1.74 4 800 O. 158
1950 1.75 4 900 0.125
-
2 O00 1.77 -
5 O00 0.100

BSI BS*4999 PART*LOL 8 7 W Lb24bb9 0 0 6 2 7 3 9 '7
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
SECTION TWELVE .-- CO-ORDINATION OF VOLTAGES AND OUTPUTS
29. Co-ordination of voltages and outputs
In the case of a.c. machines, the rated output should be greater than the limits given below
in terms of the rated voltage:
Minimum rated output

(kW or $VA)
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2 < u, Q 3.3 100

3.3 < U, Q 6.6 200
6.6 < U, Q 11 I O00
SECTION THIRTEEN - CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
30. Earth terminals
Machines shall be provided with means for connecting a protective conductor or an earth
conductor, such means being identified by the appropriate syinbol or legend. This requirement
does not apply to machines with supplementary insulation, to machines with rated voltages
up to 42 V, or to machines for assembling in apparatus with supplementary insulation.
In the case of machines having rated voltages above 42 V, but not exceeding 1O00 V a.c.
or 1500 V d.c., the terminal for the earth conductor shall be situated in the vicinity of the
terminals for the line conductors, being placed in the terminal box if one is provided. Machines
having rated outputs in excess of 100 kW shall have, in addition, an earth terminal fitted on
the frame.
Machines for rated voltages higher than 1 O00 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. shall have an earth
terminal on the frame, for example an iron strap, and in addition, a means inside the terminal
box for connecting a conducting cable sheath, if any.
The earth terminal shall be designed to ensure a good connection with the earth conductor
without any damage to the conductor or terminal. Accessible conducting parts which are not
part of the operating circuit shall have a good electrically conducting connection with each
other and with the earth terminal. The shaft need not be electrically connected to the earth
terminal unless the bearings are insulated and the accessible parts of the shaft and of these
insulated bearings can be subjected to dangerous contact voltages under fault conditions.
When an earth terminal is provided in the terminal box, it shall be assumed that the earth
conductor is made of the same metal as the live conductors.
When an earth terminal is provided on the frame, the earth cond.uctor may, by agreement,
be made of another metal (e.g., steel). In this case, in designing the terminal, proper
consideration shall be given to the conductivity of the conductor.

B S I BS*K4îîî P A R T * L O L 87 m L624667 0 0 b 2 7 2 0 5 m
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
The earth terminal shall be designed to accommodate an earth conductor of cross-sectional

area in stccordance with the table below. If an earth conductor larger than the size given in
the table is used, it is recommended that it should correspond as nearly as possible to one of
the other sizes listed.
TABLE
X
Cross-sectional areas of earth conductors
~
Cross-sectional area Cross-sectional area of the earth

of the live conductors or protective conductors
(mm2) ~ ~
(mm’)
4 4
6 6
10 10
16 16
25 25
35 25
50 25
70 35
95 50
120 IO
150 IO
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
185 95
240 120
300 150
400 185
For other cross-sectional areas of live conductors, the earth or protective conductor shall
have a cross-sectional area at least equivalent to:
- that of the live conductor for cross-sectional areas less than 25 mm2;
- 25 mm2 for cross-sectional areas between 25 mm2 and 50 mm2;
- 50% of that of the live conductor for cross-sectional areas exceeding 50 mm2.
The earth terminal shall be identified in accordance with BS 5559.
3 1. Shaft extension key
When the machine shaft extension is provided with a keyway, it should be provided with a full
key of normal shape and length. Reference shall be made to BS 4999 : Part 142.

BSI BS*4ïïï PARTxLOL 8 7 W L b 2 4 b b ï 00b272L 7 W
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
e I rN1
Load
I I
Electric losses
I
Temperature
Time
N = operation at constant load
O, = maximum temperature attained
FIG.1. - Continuous running duty. Duty type S1.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI B S * 4 î î î P A R T * L O L 87 = Lb24bb7 ClOb2722 9
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
-Nl
Load
Electric losses
L
I
Temperature
-
Time
O, = maximum temperature attained during the duty cycle
FIG.2. - Short time duty. Duty type S2.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 46 Not for Resale, 12/26/2018 09:14:17 MST
BSI B S * 4 9 9 9 PART*LOII 87 m II624669 0 0 6 2 7 2 3 O m
BS 4 9 9 9 : Part 101 : 1987
'eriod of one cycle
I 4
Load .I
Electric losses
Temperature
t @max
Time
R = at rest and de-energized
O,,, = maximum temperature attained during the duty cycle
Cyclic duration factor = -. 100%

N+R
FIG.3. - Intermittent periodic duty. Duty type S3.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

47
BSI B S * 4 9 7 7 PART*LOL 87 Lb24667 00b2724 2 W
Period of one cycle

--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Load
Electric losses
Temperature I U
Time
D = starting

+
Cyclic duration factor = ' 100%

D + N + R
FIG.4. - Intermittent periodic duty with starting. Duty type S4.

BSI BS*KL(?îî
~
PART*LOL 87 = lb24bb9 00b2725 4 W
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
Period of one cycle
Load
Electric losses
Temperature
Time
D = starting
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
N = operation at coiisfant load
F = elecfric braking
R' = at rest and de-energized
O,;,, = maximum temperature attained during the duty cycle
Cyclic duration factor = D + N + F .loo%

D + N + F + R
FIG.5. - Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking. Duty type S5.

49
BSI B S U 4 7 7 7 PARTxLOL 87 Lb24bb7 00b272b b
eriod of one cycle
4
Load
Electric losses
Temperature
Time
v = operation on no load
Cyclic duration factor = -. 100%

N + V
FIG.6. - Continuous operation periodic type. Duty type S6.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI B S * 4 9 9 9 PART*LOIi 87 m Lb24667 00b2727 8 m
-
BS 4999: Part 101 : 1987
Period of one cycle
Lead
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Electric losses
Temperature
Time
D = starting
F = electric braking
O,, = maximum temperature attained during the duty cycle
Cyclic duration factor = 1
FIG.7. - Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking. Duty type S7.

51
BSI B S * 4 9 9 9 PARTmLOL 8 7 Lb24bb9 0062728 T
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
Period of one cycle
Load
Electric losses
Temperature
Speed
Time
F,Fz = electric braking
D = acceleration
NIN2N3= operation at constant loads
O,,, = maximuin temperature attained during the duty cycle
cyclic duration pdctors =

D + NI + FID ++ NNzI + Fz + N3 * 100%
FI + NZ 100%
D + NI + FI + Nz + FZ +
a
N3
Fz + N3 100%
D + NI + Fi + Nz + Fz + N,
*
FIG.8. - Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes. Duty type S8.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BSI B S * 4 î î î PART*:LOIi 8 7 m Lb24669 0 0 6 2 7 2 9 L m
BS4999:PartlOl:I987
Speed
L
Load
t
Electric losses
Temperature
Time
D = starting
L = operation under various loads
F electric braking
S = operation under overload
C, = full load
O,,, = maximum temperature attained
FIG.9. - Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations. Duty type S9.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

53
BSI B S * 4 7 7 7 P A R T * L O I i 8 7 W Lb2Llbb7 0 0 6 2 7 3 0 B
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Frequency in Hz
FIG. 10. - Weighting curve.

.
I
-
l
I
I c
L!
3
*-.
2
al
Q
E
i-
-
c
<D
O
O
o
l r
L
<D
l .-E
L
Q
L
- c
O
c
1
.-al
a
I :
.-al
t.
/ v)
o)
.-tc-.
I. Lal
I 0.
O
E,
I
.-EX
l r”
l
l
l
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

__-
B S I BS*q779 PARTmL0.L 8 7 W L b 2 4 b b 7 0 0 6 2 7 3 2 L W
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
APPENDIX I
CLASSIFICATION OF INSULATING MATERIALS
a
Table XI is valid for the classes of insulating materials and the corresponding limits of temperature.
TABLEXI
Class Temperature
Y 90 "C
A 105 "C
E 120 "C
B 130 "C
F 155 "C
H 180 "C
C Above 180°C
Table XII shows some examples of the insulating materials in the classes mentioned in Table XI. This
classification is by no means mandatory, since only experience or adequate accepted tests should
finally establish temperature limits. Moreover the data in Table XII cannot be comprehensive, since
new materials are being developed.
Further, many insulating materials are available in a number of variants of differing thermal
stability.
In the future, such insulating materials will be distributed into classes by international
recommendations, Pending their issue the use of such insulating materials as are not included in
TableXII may be permitted subject to agreement. The use of those materials under the
manufacturer's own responsibility shall be justified by tests.
The endurance of materials used for the insulation of electrical machinery is affected by many
factors, such as temperature, electrical and mechanical stresses, vibration, exposure to deleterious
atmospheres and chemicals, moisture and dirt.
It is appreciated that insulations may not withstand for an unlimited time the accepted temperature
limits as stated in Table XI. A reasonable life time for the insulating material at these temperatures is
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
nevertheless guaranteed provided there will be intervening periods of lower temperatures for long
periods of time. In assigning these temperatures limits, consideration has been given to the fact that
classes A and B for which the limits of 105 "C and 130 "C respectively have been accepted have been
used throughout the world for many years. Experience has proved that, under usual operating
conditions, a satisfactory life time is obtained for machines built in accordance with these
temperature requirements.
The expression 'usual operating conditions' takes into account that machines will generally not
work continuously under maximum temperature conditions since the temperature of the coolant is
not kept continuously to its maximum value and the actual average load is lower than the rated load.
The temperature limits stated above have been taken as a basis in establishing maximum
temperatures taking in account the existence of unknown factors and the fact that the methods of
measurement mentioned will not allow in general the determination of the hottest point of the
winding.
If use is made of an assembly of insulating materials of different classes where the insulating
material of the lowest thermal stability is used only for structural purposes, it is possible to apply the
upper temperature limit for the class of the highest thermal stability provided that the insulation
should withstand this temperature limit continuously with regard to its electrical and mechanical
properties.
An insulating material is considered to be 'impregnated' when a given substance (e.g. resin)
penetrates the interstices between fibres to a sufficient degree adequately to bond components of the
insulation structure and to provide a surface film which excludes moisture, dirt or other corrosive
substances.

I
BSI B S * 4 î ï ï
-
PART*L$L 87 W L b 2 4 b b ï 0 0 b 2 7 3 3 3 W
BS 4999 :Part 101 :1987
A winding is considered to be ‘impregnated’ when an insulating material is introduced into the

winding (e.g. by immersion or spraying) in such a way that the interstices between component wires
are substantially filled, the surfaces coated with the impregnating substance and the wires embedded
and banded with the other components of the insulation.
A winding is also considered to be ‘impregnated’ when conductors are provided with a
non-impregnated insulation (e.g. wire enamel) but bonded together and with other components of the
insulation.
For some applications, asphalt compounds or resins without solvents may be used which replace
the air in the interstices. In other applications varnishes or materials containing solvents may be used.
They provide practically continuous surface films and to a degree filling of the interstices and bonding
between components of the insulation structures.
An insulation may be considered to be ‘coated’ when it is covered with an insulating material (e.g.
varnish) which excludes moisture, dirt and other contaminants to a degree sufficient to provide
adequate performance in service.
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

57
BSI B S * 4 ï ï ï PART*LOL 87 m L624669 0062734 5 m
BS 4999 : Part 1O1 : 1987
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
TABLEXII
Classification of insulating materials

o
1 2 3 4
Class insulating material Bonding, impregnating or Impregnating substances which ma

coating substances used in the be used in the treatment of the
manufacture of the material in insulated assembly (2)
column 2 (2)
Cotton
Natural silk
Regenerated cellulose fibre
Cellulose acetate fibre
Polyamide fibre
Paper and paper products None None required
Pressboard
Vulcanized fibre
Wood
Aniline-formaldehyde resins
Urea-formaldehyde resins
Polyacrylates
Polyethylene
Polystyrene None None required
Polyvinyl chloride with or without
plasticizer
Vulcanized natural rubber
Cotton
Natural silk
Regenerated cellulose fibre
Cellulose acetate fibre
Polyamide fibre None Asphalt varnishes
Paper and paper products Drying oil-modified natural or
Pressboard synthetic resin
Vulcanized fibre Shellac, copal and other natural
Wood resins
Solutions or suspensions of cellulosc
Varnished textile based on cotton, Drying oil-modified natural or :Sters and others
natural silk, regenerate cellulose, synthetic resin varnish [nsulating and synthetic dielectric
cellulose acetate or polyamide fibre iquids
Varnished paper
Laminated wood Phenol-formaldehyde resin
Cellulose acetate film
Cross-linked polyester resins None
Wire enamel of oleo-resinous type
Polychloroprene elastomers None \Tone required
Butadiene acrylonitrile elastomers
Wire enamels based on polyvinylacetate None
with polyurethane epoxy or polyamide
resins
Cross-linked polyester resins
Acetobutyrate films
Polycarbonate films 31-modified asphalt and synthetic
Cellulose triacetate films ,esins
:ros-linked polyester resins
Mouldings with cellulose fillers Melamine formaldehyde resins !poxy resins
Cotton fabric laminates Phenol-formaldehyde resins
Paper laminates Phenol-furfural resins
ïreated textiles Polyethylene terephthalate
Ethylene-Vinyl acetate copolymers Vone qone required
Noles 1. - The materials shown in Column 3 are those used by the manufacturer ofthe insulating products listed in Column 2.
The materials listed in Column 2 are those used by the manufacturer of electrical machines for the treatment ofwindings
and other insulated parts. For any particular class he should choose from the materials in Column 4 those which are
appropriate for use together with those from Columns 2 and 3 and which belong to the same class or to a higher class.
2. - Bonding and impregnating substances shall have adequate thermal stability for the class for which they are
intended. Applications of bonding or impregnating substances may be limited by factors other than thermal stability,
such as mechanical properties at operating temperatures. For example, some epoxy and polyester resins under severe
mechanical stress may be subjected to Class A temperature limits.

BSI B S * 4 7 7 4 PART*LO~L 8 7 Lb24bb9 00b2735 7 M
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
National appendix A. NIeasurementof final temperatures of machines:

a guidance on method of extrapolation
When extrapolation is carried out the measured differencesbetween the extrapolated straight line and the
temperatures should be plotted on a logarithmic scale measured temperatures are then plotted and extrapolated
against a linear time scale. The form of the resulting plots linearly to T2, which is at the same point on the time axis
will normally be one of the three following: as i"l.
(a) The plot is a straight line (see figure A. la). The required extrapolated temperature is given by
Extrapolation to Tat the appropriate time interval is (T1 i- T2).
linear. (c) The initial part of the plot is not straight, but rises first,
(b) The initial part ofthe plot is not straight, but its then falls, i.e. its gradient changes sign (see figure A. ic).
gradient does not change sign (see figure A. lb). The The procedure is similar to that of (b) but in this case the
straight part is first extrapolated linearly back to T I .The required extrapolated temperature is given by ( T I - T2).
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
I Li
Time . Linear scale
_-
Figure A. lu
Time Linear scale

Figure A. l b
Time Linear scale

Figure A. I C

E S 1 BS*4999 PART*LO.L 8 7 m 1624669 0 0 6 2 7 3 b 9 m
BC 4999: Part 101 : 1987
National appendix B. Information to be given by purchaser with enquiry and order

When enquiring for and ordering an electrical machine the (e) Method of excitation, whether shunt, series,
following particulars should be supplied. compound, or separately excited. If separately excited,
state excitation voltage.
B . l General information for all type of machines (f) Starting torque required.
(a) Site and operating conditions. (g) Nature of load and any information regarding the
(b) British Standard number. driven machine relating to the torque required during the
(c) The type of protection (see BS 4999: Part 105). accelerating period e.g. the inertia of the moving parts to
be accelerated and the number of starts during a specified
(d) The duty of the machine. period.
(e) The maximum temperature of the cooling air in which
the machine is intended to work in ordinary service. B.4 Particular information for a.c. synchronous generator
For a machine requiring a n external supply of cooling (a) Frequency (Hz).
water, the maximum temperature of the cooling water (b) Number of phases and, in the case of polyphase
should be stated. machines, the interconnection between the phases, if any.
(f) The altitude of the place in which the machine is (c) Rated output (kVA or MVA).
intended to work in ordinary service if it exceeds 1000 m.
(d) Rated voltage and voltage range, if any.
(8) If a machine is required to operated between various
limits of voltage, current, frequency or speed, the (e) Rated power factor.
corresponding values of the voltage, current, frequency (f) Speed (dmin).
and speed respectively. (g) Direction of rotation.
(h) Method of earthing the system to which the machine (h) Whether the generator is to have its own exciter and, if
will be connected. so, the method of drive preferred; if not, the voltage of the
(i) Particulars of tests required and where they are to be separate source.
carried out (see also BS 4999 : Part 143). (i) Any other relevant operational limitations, e.g.
parallel operation, sub-transient reactance (saturated or
B.2 Particular information for d.c. generator unsaturated), unbalanced loading and stability
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) Rated output (kW). requirements.
(b) Rated voltage and voltage range, if any.
B.5 Particular information for synchronous condenser
Ifthe voltage at rated load is required to be different from
no-load voltage, full particulars should be given. (a) Frequency (Hz).
(c) Current (A). (b) Number of phases and, in the case of polyphase
machines, the interconnection between the phases, if any.
(d) If for 3-wire operation, full details of requirements.
(c) Capacity for both overexcited and underexcited
(e) Speed at no-load and at rated-load (rímin). operation (kVA or MVA).
(f) Direction of rotation. (d) Rated voltage and voltage range, if any.
(g) Method of excitation, whether shunt, series, (e) Speed (if relevant) (dmin).
compound, or separately excited. If separately excited,
state excitation voltage. (f) Direction of rotation (if relevant).
NOTE. Unless otherwise specified, the series winding of a (g) Whether the condenser is to have its own exciter and, if
compound generator is connected on the negative side of the so, the method of drive preferred; if not, the voltage of the
armature. separate source.
(h) When a d.c. generator is required to operate in parallel (h) Operating conditions to be met.
with others, the following details of existing machines
should be given: B.6 Particular information for synchronous motor,
( I ) voltage at no-load and at rated output, synchronous induction motor and salient pole synchronous
(2) kW or current at rated output, induction motor
(3) resistance of series winding including diverter, if (a) Frequency (Hz).
any, (b) Number of phases and, in the case of polyphase
(4) diagram ofconnections. machines, the interconnection between the phases, if any.
(c) Rated output (kW or MW).
(d) Rated voltage and voltage range, if any.
B.3 Particular information for d.c. motor
(e) Speed (r/min).
(a) Rated output (kW).
(f) Direction of rotation of machine and phase sequence of
(b) Rated voltage and voltage range, ifany.
supply.
(c) Speed at rated output (rev/min). If the speed at rated (g) Method of starting to be employed.
load is required to be different from the speed at no-load,
full particulars should be given. (h) Starting torque required.
(d) Direction of rotation.

BSI BS*qîîî PART*:O*L 8 7 M 3 6 2 4 b b î 0062737 O
BS 4999 : Part 101 : 1987
e (i) Nature of the load and any information regarding the

driven machine relating to the torque required during the
accelerating period, e.g. the inertia* of the moving parts to
accelerating period, e.g. the inertia* ofthe moving parts to
be accelerated and the number of starts during a specified
period.
be accelerated and the number of starts during a specified (1) Fault levels, where available and appropriate.
period,
U) Any information relating to the use ofthe motor for B,8 Pafticular information for a.c. commutator motor
supplying wattless current, Unless otherwise specified, the (a) Frequency (Hz).
machine will be designed for unity power factor at its rated
(b) Number of phases.
output,
(c) Rated voltage and voltage range, if any.
(k) Whether the machine i s to have its own exciter and, if
so, the method of drive preferred; if not, the voltage of the (d) Speed range (top and bottom speeds) for an adjustable
separate source. speed motor @/min).Approximate speed at the rated
output in the case of a constant speed motor.
(1) Fault levels, where available and appropriate.
(e) Output at the speed or speeds given under (d) (kW).
B.7 Particular information for induction motor (0 Direction of rotation and phase sequence of supply.
(a) Frequency (Hz). (g) Limitations on starting current, if any.
(b) Number of phases. (h) Nature of the load and any information regarding the
(c) Rated output (kW). driven machine relating to the torque required during the
accelerating period, e.g. the inertia* of the moving parts to
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(d) Rated voltage and voltage range, if any. be accelerated and the number of starts during a specified
(e) Speed at approximately the rated output (rlmin). period. For an adjustable speed motor, the speed setting of
(f) Direction of rotation and phase sequence of supply. the motor for starting should be stated.
(g) Rotor, whether cage or wound. NOTE. The method ofstarting is selected by the manufacturer.
(h) Type of collector ring gear, whether continuously (i) Fault levels, where available and appropriate.
rated or for starting purposes only, and whether to be fitted
with brush lifting and/or short-circuiting arrangements, B.9 Particular information for types of machines not
and if interlocks are required. classified
(i) Method of starting to be employed. The information to be submitted should be arranged with
(i) Limitations on starting current, if any. the manufacturer.
(k) Nature of load and any information regarding the
driven machine relating to the torque required during the
* The preferred way in which to state the inertia ofthe moving parts is (mass in kg) x (radius ofgyration in m)j referred to the motor shaft.
61
BSI BS*11999 PART*LÓL 87 W Lb211667 0062738 2 W
BS4999:Part 101 : 1987
National appendix C. New arrangement of BS 4999 :General requirementsfor rotating electrical machines
New Part No. Old Part No.
I
I ~
CorrespondingPart of
IEC Publication 34
101 1,4,30,31,32,69 Specification for rating and performance 34- 1
102 33 Methods for determining losses and efficiency from 34-2

tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
103 2 Specification for symbols -

105 20 Classification of degrees of protection provided by 34-5
enclosures for rotating machines
106 21 Classification of methods of cooling 34-6
107 22 Specification for symbols for types of construction 34-7

and mounting arrangements
108 3 Specification for terminal markings and direction 34-8

of rotation
~~
1o9 51 Specification for noise levels including test methods 34-9

--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
111 72 Specification for built-in thermal protection for 34-1 1

electric motors rated at 660 volts a.c. and below
112 41 Specification for starting performance of 34-12

single-speed three-phase cage induction motors
140 40 Specification for voltage regulation and parallel

operation of a.c. synchronous generators
141 10 Specification for standard dimensions
142 50 Specification for mechanical performance:

vibration
143 60 Specification for tests
144 61 Specification for the insulation of bars and coils of

high voltage machines including test methods
145 71 I Specification for winding terminations

B S I BS*4977 P A R T * L O L 8 7 W L b 2 4 b b 9 0062737 4 W
Publications referred to
d) BS 173 Method of specifying the performance of rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles
BS 2045 Preferred numbers
BS 3939 Graphical symbols for electrical power, telecommunications and electronics diagrams
Part 6 Production and conversion of electrical energy
BS 4727 Glossary of electrotechnical, power, telecommunication, electronics, lighting and colour terms
Part 2 Terms particular to power engineering
Group 03 Rotating machinery terminology
BS 4999 General requirements for rotating electrical machines
Part 102 Methods for determining losses and efficiencyfrom tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
Part 105 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures for rotating machines
Part 106 Classificationof methods of cooling
Part 107 Specificationfor symbols for types of construction and mounting arrangements
Part 108 Specificationfor terminal markings and direction of rotation
Part 142 Specificationfor mechanical performance: vibration
Part 143 Specification for tests
Part 144 Specificationfor the insulationofbars and coils of high voltage machines including test methods
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
BS 5000 Rotating electrical machines of particular types or for particular applications

Part 2 Turbine-type machines
BS 5501 Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres
Part 1 General requirements
Part 2 Oil immersion ‘o’
Part 3 Pressurized apparatus ‘p’
Part 4 Powder filling ‘q’
Part 5 Flameproof enclosure ‘d’
Part 6 Increased safety *e’
Part 7 Intrinsic safety ‘i’
BS 5559 Specificationfor identification of apparatus terminals and general rules for a uniform system of terminal marking, using an
alphanumeric notation
IEC 38 IEC standard voltages
IEC 279 Measurement ofthe winding resistance ofan a.c. machine during operating at alternating voltage

Previous page
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BS 4999 : Part I01 : 1987
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of standard, of necessary details such as symbols and size, type or
the Power Electrical Engineering Standards Committee, was grade designations. Enquiries should be addressed to the
published under the authority of the Executive Board and comes Publications Manager, British Standards Institution, Linford Wood,
into effect on 30 January 1987. Milton Keynes MK14 6LE. The number for telephone enquiries i s
@British Standards Institution, 1987 0908 320033 and for telex 825777.
ISBN O 580 15648 6 Contract requirements
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary
British Standards Institution provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible
Incorporated by Royal Charter, BSI is the independent national for their correct application.
body for the preparation of British Standards. I t i s the UK member
of the International Organization for Standardization and UK Revision of British Standards
British Standards are revised, when necessary, by the issue either
sponsor of the British National Committee of the International
Electrotechnical Commission. of amendments or of revised editions. It is important that users of
British Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of
Beyond the production of standards, BSI offers specialist services the latest amendments or editions. Information on all BSI
including the provision of information through the BSI Library and publications is in the BS/ Cataalogue,supplemented each month by
Standardline Database, Technical Help to Exporters, and other 6.9News which i s available to subscribing members of the
services. Advice can be obtained from the Enquiry Section, BSI, Institution and gives details of new publications, revisions,
Milton Keynes MK14 6LE. Telephone 0908 320066. amendments and withdrawn standards. Any person who, when
Copyright making use of a British Standard, encounters an inaccuracy or
Users of British Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in ambiguity, is requested to notify BSI without delay in order that
all BSI publications. No part of this publication may be reproduced the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
in any form without the prior permission in writing of BSI. This The following BSI references relate t o the work on this standard:
does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the Committee reference PEL/1 Draft for comment 85/22497 DC
Committees responsiblefor this British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Power ERA Technology Ltd.
Electrical Engineering Standards Committee (PEL/-) t o Technical Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales
Committee PEL/1, upon which the following bodies were Engineer Surveyors Section of the ASTMS
represented: Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association
Association of Consulting Engineers Health and Safety Executive
Association of Electrical Machinery Trades Ministry of Defence
Association of Manufacturers Allied to the Electrical and National Coal Board
Electronic Industry (BEAMA Ltd.) Power Generation Association (BEAMA Ltd.)
Association of Supervisory and Executive Engineers Rotating Electrical Machines Association (BEAMA Ltd.)
Bureau of Engineer Surveyors South of Scotland Electricity Board
Amendments issued since publication
British Standards Institution . 2 Park Street London W I A 2BS . Telephone 01-629 9000 Telex 266933 -
8701 -9-2k-B
--``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- PEL/1


General Requirements For Electrical Machines: Rotating

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BS 4999 : Part 101 : i987

Règles générales pour les machines électriques tournantes

Allgemeine Anforderungen an umlaufende elektrische Maschinen

Copyright British Standards Institution

Foreword e.xs 9 .,-

* European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. --``,,,`,`,`````,,,,,,,,,,,`,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright British Standards Institution

General requirements for rotating electrical machines

SECTION ONE - SCOPE

SECTION TWO - DEFINITIONS

2.2 Rated value

2.3 Rated output

Copyright British Standards Institution

2.5 No-load (operation)

2.6 Full load

2.7 Full load power

Note. -This concept also applies to torque, current, speed, etc.

2.8 Rest and de-energized

2.10 Duty type

2.11 Thermal equilibrium

2.12 Cyclic duration factor

2.13 Locked rotor torque

2.14 Locked rotor current

Copyright British Standards Institution

I 2.20 Primary coolant

2.21 Secondary coolant

2.22 Direct cooled (inner cooled) winding

2.23 Indirect cooled winding

2.24 Supplementary insulation

2.25 Moment of inertia

2.26 Thermal equivalent time constant

2.27 Encapsulated winding

2.28 Direction of rotation and terminal markings

For this definition reference shall be made to BS 4999 : Part 108.

SECTION THREE - DUTY AND RATING

3. Rules for declaration of duty and for selection of a class of rating

3.2 Declaration of duty

Copyright British Standards Institution

3.4 Selection of a class of rating

When a machine is intended non-periodically to supply variable loads at variable speeds,

In the determination of the rating:

The duty types are as follows:

4.1 Continuous running duty - Duty type SI

4.2 Short-time duty - Duty type S2

Copyright British Standards Institution

4.3 Intermittent periodic duty - Duty type S3 *

4.4 Intermittent periodic duty with starting - Duty type S4*

4.6 Continuous-operation periodic duty - Duty type S6*

5.1 . Maximum continuotis ratiizg

5.2 Sltort-tinte rating

5.3 Equivalent continuous rating

5.4 Periodic duty type rating

5.5 Non-periodic duty type rating

6.1 Duty types

Copyright British Standards Institution

Example: S8 JM = 0.5 kg m2 Jext= 6 kg m2 16 kW 740 r/min 30%

6.2 Classes of rating

- equivalent continuous rating - “equ”.

Copyright British Standards Institution

8.2 A.C. generators

8.4 Synchronous condensers

9.1 Rated voltage at the terminals

BSI BS4777 P A R T L O L 87 Lb24bbî 00b2bôB 2 =