Day 1 PDF

Online Workshop on LATEX
Dr. A. Sebastian Selvaraj
Guest Lecturer, Department of Mathematics,

Madurai Kamaraj University Constituent College,
Vedasandur, Dindigul. Tamil Nadu, India
sebawinselva@gmail.com arostudycircle@gmail.com
YouTube Channel : Aro Study Circle
Monday 18th May, 2020
Dr. A. Sebastian Selvaraj, GL, MKU College, Vedasandur, Dindigul Online Workshop on LATEX Monday 18th May, 2020
Outline
Introduction
Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting Texts
Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting Texts
Page Layout and Style
Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting Texts
Listing
Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting Texts
Listing
Table Preparation
Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting Texts
Listing
Table Preparation
Figure Insertion
Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting Texts
Listing
Table Preparation
Figure Insertion
Equation Writing
Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting Texts
Listing
Table Preparation
Figure Insertion
Equation Writing
New Command and Renew command
Outline
Introduction List of Contents and Index

Fonts Selection
Formatting Texts
Listing
Table Preparation
Figure Insertion
Equation Writing
Outline

Fonts Selection Additional Contents
Formatting Texts
Listing
Table Preparation
Figure Insertion
Equation Writing
Outline

Formatting Texts
Letter and Article
Listing
Table Preparation
Figure Insertion
Equation Writing
Outline

Formatting Texts
Letter and Article
Book and Report
Listing
Table Preparation
Figure Insertion
Equation Writing
Outline

Formatting Texts
Letter and Article
Book and Report
Listing
Table Preparation Bibliography
Figure Insertion
Equation Writing
Outline

Formatting Texts
Letter and Article
Book and Report
Listing
Figure Insertion Slide Preparation

Equation Writing
Outline

Formatting Texts
Letter and Article
Book and Report
Listing
Figure Insertion Slide Preparation

Equation Writing List of Plug-in and Software for LATEX
New Command and Renew command Conversion
Day-I Outline
Day-I Outline
Introduction
Day-I Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Day-I Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting the Texts
Day-I Outline
Introduction
Fonts Selection
Formatting the Texts
Page Layout and Styles
Motivation and Introduction
Purpose of this Lecture
This lecture is only designed for beginners from the very basic level.
This lecture is only designed for beginners from the very basic level. It covers the
topics such as file types, latex editor, how to use latex, symbols, lists, fonts, table,
format, etc.
Requirements
Requirements
The LATEX is the markup language used for the typesetting of the technical documents.
Requirements
To learn LATEX you must have a great idea of MS Word
Requirements
To learn LATEX you must have a great idea of MS Word and the way or method in
which you want to design your document.
Requirements
To learn LATEX you must have a great idea of MS Word and the way or method in
which you want to design your document. It also needs an understanding of
mathematics and related commands.
Word Processors vs. LATEX
The Weaknesses of Word

1. WYSIWYG programs combine composition and typesetting

a) most Word users don’t know much

b) may lose logical structure of a document

2. bibliographies, cross-references, figure labels must be completed by hand

3. different versions mean compatibility issues

4. cost!

4. cost!
5. Word is terrible at math!
The History of LATEX
• TEX
• TEX
? Donald Knuth, 1978
• TEX
? Art of Computer Programming,
• TEX
? Art of Computer Programming, realized high quality digital typesetting system was
necessary
• TEX
necessary
• LATEX
• TEX
necessary
• LATEX
? Leslie Lamport, early 1980s (manual published in 1986)
• TEX
necessary
• LATEX
? needed macro package on top of TEX
• TEX
necessary
• LATEX
? needed macro package on top of TEX
? has become the standard
The Strengths of LATEX
portability and compatibility - text files!

very flexible

very flexible
cost (free!)

very flexible
cost (free!)
consistency throughout document

very flexible
cost (free!)
allows you to focus on content

very flexible
cost (free!)
automation of tedious tasks (cross-references, bibliographies, etc.)

very flexible
cost (free!)
radical, global changes can be implemented consistently with very little work

very flexible
cost (free!)
radical, global changes can be implemented consistently with very little work
decision-making about formatting can be left to user.
The Weaknesses of LATEX
undeniable learning curve
undeniable learning curve

complex formatting may occasionally take more time than a word processor (e.g.,
tables)
What is LATEX ?
LATEX is pronounced as ’lah-tech’ or ’lay-tech.’
What is LATEX ?
It is based on TEX , a typesetting language designed for science and math.
What is LATEX ?
Both LATEX and TEX contain a variety of font styles, such as serif, typewriter, and a
set of mathematical functions.
What is LATEX ?
It is an open-source and powerful document preparation system. It is high-quality
typesetting, which can be used for any publishing.
What is LATEX ?
It is often used for scientific publications and medium to large technical documents.
What is LATEX ?
It is not a word processor or any word document, but it is an efficient way for the
publishers and the authors to organize their materials.
What is LATEX ?
It gives a unique appearance to the system. It saves the time for designing as well
as the efforts used for the documents.
What is LATEX ?
It gives a unique appearance to the system. It saves the time for designing as well
as the efforts used for the documents.
You must remember that LATEX is not a word processor! Don’t expect it to behave
like one.
Why LATEX Over Other Word Processors ?
The effort and time required in LATEX for preparing complicated and big-size documents
are quite less than those required in other word processors for simple documents.
are quite less than those required in other word processors for simple documents. LATEX
is especially well suited for scientific writing, like technical reports, articles, academic
dissertations, books, etc.
One of the major advantages of using LATEX is that manual formatting of a document,
as usually required in many word processors, can be automated in LATEX .
as usually required in many word processors, can be automated in LATEX . Therefore,
the possibility of doing any mistake in numbering and referring items (sections, tables,
figures or equations), in choosing size and type of fonts for different sections and
subsections, or in preparing bibliographic references, can be avoided.
as usually required in many word processors, can be automated in LATEX . Therefore,
the possibility of doing any mistake in numbering and referring items (sections, tables,
figures or equations), in choosing size and type of fonts for different sections and
subsections, or in preparing bibliographic references, can be avoided. Further, LATEX has
the provision for automatically generating various lists of contents, index, and glossary.
How to Prepare a LATEX Input File?
LATEX input file can be divided into two

parts

parts
1. Preamble

parts
1. Preamble
2. Body
\documentclass[]{}
.
.
parts
.
1. Preamble \begin{document}
2. Body .
.
.
\end{document}
What is Preamble ?
What is Preamble ?
\documentclass[]{}
.
.
.
\begin{document}
.
.
.
\end{document}
What is Preamble ?
\documentclass[]{}
. The simplest preamble is \documentclass{dtype},
.
.
\begin{document}
.
.
.
\end{document}
What is Preamble ?
\documentclass[]{}
. The simplest preamble is \documentclass{dtype}, where
. dtype in is a mandatory argument as the class (or type) of
. the document, such as letter, article, report or book.
\begin{document}
.
.
.
\end{document}
What is Preamble ?
\documentclass[]{}
. The simplest preamble is \documentclass{dtype}, where
. dtype in is a mandatory argument as the class (or type) of
. the document, such as letter, article, report or book.
\begin{document} \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article} for printing
. an article on A4 paper in 11 point fonts.
.
.
\end{document}
Body
Body
\documentclass[]{}
.
.
.
\begin{document}
.
.
.
\end{document}
Body
\documentclass[]{}
. The main body of a LATEX input file starts with
. \begin{document} and ends with \end{document}.
.
\begin{document}
.
.
.
\end{document}
Body
\documentclass[]{}
. \begin{document} and ends with \end{document}. The
. entire contents to be printed in the output are inserted
\begin{document} within the body, mixed with various LATEX instructions.
.
.
.
\end{document}
Body
\documentclass[]{}
. \begin{document} and ends with \end{document}. The
. entire contents to be printed in the output are inserted
\begin{document} within the body, mixed with various LATEX instructions. Any
. text entered after \end{document} is simply skipped by a
. LATEX compiler.
.
\end{document}
Standard Options to the \documentclass[]{} command
Font size 10pt (default), 11pt and 12pt

paper size letterpaper (default), a4paper, a5paper, b5paper,
legalpaper and executivepaper
Page orientation portrait (default) and landscape
Columns of texts onecolumn (default) and twocolumn
Type of printing oneside (default for article and report) and twoside
(default for book)
New chapter openright (default for book), openany
Title printing titlepage and notitlepage
Equation leqno , fleqn
Drafting final (default) and draft
Bibliography openbib
LATEX Editors
LATEX Editors
There are many open-source (free access in internet) text editors developed specifically
for preparing LATEX input files.
LATEX Editors
For both Windows and Linux:
LATEX Editors
BaKoMa TEX (http://bakoma-tex.com)
LATEX Editors
Emacs (www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html)
LATEX Editors
jEdit (http://jedit.org)
LATEX Editors
Kile (http://kile.sourceforge.net)
LATEX Editors
LyX (www.lyx.org)
LATEX Editors
LyX (www.lyx.org)
Open LaTeX Studio (http://sebbrudzinski.github.io/Open-LaTeX-Studio)
LATEX Editors
LyX (www.lyx.org)
TeXlipse (http://texlipse.sourceforge.net)
LATEX Editors
LyX (www.lyx.org)
TeXmacs (www.texmacs.org)
LATEX Editors
LyX (www.lyx.org)
Texmaker (www.xm1math.net/texmaker)
LATEX Editors
LyX (www.lyx.org)
TeXpen (https://sourceforge.net/projects/texpen)
LATEX Editors
LyX (www.lyx.org)
TeXstudio (www.texstudio.org)
LATEX Editors
LyX (www.lyx.org)
TeXstudio (www.texstudio.org)
TeXworks (https://github.com/TeXworks/texworks), etc. th
Dr. A. Sebastian Selvaraj, GL, MKU College, Vedasandur, Dindigul Online Workshop on LATEX Monday 18 May, 2020
A simple LATEX Document
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Hai Friends Its my First
document in \LaTeX
\end{document}
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Hai Friends Its my First document in LATEX.
Hai Friends Its my First
document in \LaTeX
\end{document}
LATEX Syntax
LATEX Syntax
LATEX syntax consists of
LATEX Syntax

Commands
LATEX Syntax

Commands (A LATEX command is an independent instruction used either for producing
something new or to change the form of an existing item,)
LATEX Syntax

Environments
LATEX Syntax

Environments (A LATEX environment is a structure composed of two complementary
commands, within which some particular job can be performed,)
LATEX Syntax

Packages
LATEX Syntax

Packages (Provision is also there to invoke additional commands and environments in
a document for adding extra features that are not parts of the standard document
class.
LATEX Syntax

Packages (Provision is also there to invoke additional commands and environments in
a document for adding extra features that are not parts of the standard document
class. Such commands and environments are defined in separate files, known as
packages).
Special Characters
Special Characters
Character Command
$ \$
% \%
{ } \{ \}
\_
ˆ \^\
& \&
# \#
\ $\backslash$
∼ $\sim$
< $<$
> $>$
Fonts Selection
Font Selection
Font Selection
There are three modes for processing texts in LATEX
Font Selection

1. paragraph-mode
Font Selection

1. paragraph-mode
The paragraph-mode is for producing normal texts with automatic word-splitting,
and line and page breaking to fit the texts within the area specified by the width
and height of a page.
Font Selection

1. paragraph-mode
2. LR- Mode
Font Selection

1. paragraph-mode
2. LR- Mode
It processes texts from left-to-right without any word-splitting and line breaking.
Font Selection

1. paragraph-mode
2. LR- Mode
3. Math-Mode
Font Selection

1. paragraph-mode
2. LR- Mode
3. Math-Mode
It is for writing mathematical expressions, like equations.
Text - Mode Fonts
Text - Mode Fonts
Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Family
Serif Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Family
Serif Family
Sans Serif Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Family
Serif Family
Sans Serif Family
Typewriter Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Family
Series
Serif Family
Medium Series
Sans Serif Family
Typewriter Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Family
Series
Serif Family
Medium Series
Sans Serif Family
Boldface Series
Typewriter Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Shape
Family Default
Series
Serif Family
Medium Series
Sans Serif Family
Boldface Series
Typewriter Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Shape
Family Default
Series
Serif Family Italic Shape
Medium Series
Sans Serif Family
Boldface Series
Typewriter Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Shape
Family Default
Series
Medium Series
Sans Serif Family Slanted Shape
Boldface Series
Typewriter Family
Text - Mode Fonts
Shape
Family Default
Series
Medium Series
Boldface Series
Typewriter Family Small Caps
Text - Mode Fonts
Shape
Family Default
Series
Medium Series
Boldface Series
Emphasized Shape
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape
Family Default
Series
Medium Series
Boldface Series
Emphasized Shape
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape Scriptsize
Family Default
Series
Medium Series
Boldface Series
Emphasized Shape
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape Scriptsize
Family Default Footnotesize

Series
Medium Series
Boldface Series
Emphasized Shape
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape Scriptsize

Series Small
Medium Series
Boldface Series
Emphasized Shape
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape Scriptsize

Series Small
Medium Series large
Boldface Series
Emphasized Shape
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape Scriptsize

Series Small
Medium Series large
Boldface Series Large
Emphasized Shape
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape Scriptsize

Series Small
Medium Series large
Emphasized Shape LARGE
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape Scriptsize

Series Small
Medium Series large
huge
Text - Mode Fonts
Size
Tiny
Shape Scriptsize

Series Small
Medium Series large
huge
HUGE
Math-Mode Fonts
Math-Mode Fonts
Colored Fonts
Colored Fonts
Like many word-processors, LATEX also has the provision for producing colored fonts,
supported by the color package.
Colored Fonts
This is blue text
Colored Fonts
This is blue text
{\color{blue}This is blue text}
Colored Fonts
This is blue text
Using the \definecolor{}{}{} command, various colors can be defined.
Colored Fonts
This is blue text
\definecolor{seba}{cmyk}{0.2, 0.5, 0.5, 0.2}
Colored Fonts
This is blue text
\definecolor{seba}{cmyk}{0.2, 0.5, 0.5, 0.2}
This is my color .
Formatting Texts
Formatting Texts
Formatting Texts
Automatic and Uniform Formatting
Formatting Texts

commit mistake by attempting to format a document manually
Formatting Texts

\centerline{\bf Section 1: Introduction}
Formatting Texts

\centerline{\bf Section 1: Introduction} or {\bf Theorem 4:}
Formatting Texts

\centerline{\bf Section 1: Introduction} or {\bf Theorem 4:}
Various options for automatic formatting of a document are discussed here.
Sectional Units
Sectional Units
For Article Class
Sectional Units
For Article Class
\section{ }
\subsection{}
\subsection{}
Sectional Units
For Book and Report Class

For Article Class
\section{ }
\subsection{}
\subsection{}
Sectional Units
For Book and Report Class

For Article Class
\chapter{ }
\section{ }
\section{ }
\subsection{}
\subsection{}
\subsection{}
\subsection{}
Labeling and Referring Numbered Items
Labeling and Referring Numbered Items
The labeling and referring of an item are performed through \label{rkey} and
\ref{rkey} respectively, where rkey is the assigned unique reference key of the item.
Texts Alignment
Texts Alignment
1. flushleft
Texts Alignment
1. flushleft
This is flushleft content.
Texts Alignment
1. flushleft
\begin{flushleft}
\end{flushleft}
2. flushright
Texts Alignment
1. flushleft
\begin{flushleft}
\end{flushleft}
2. flushright
This is flushright content.
Texts Alignment
1. flushleft
\begin{flushleft}
\end{flushleft}
2. flushright
\begin{flushright}
\end{flushright}
3. center
Texts Alignment
1. flushleft
\begin{flushleft}
\end{flushleft}
2. flushright
\begin{flushright}
\end{flushright}
3. center
This is center aligned content
Texts Alignment
1. flushleft
\begin{flushleft}
\end{flushleft}
2. flushright
\begin{flushright}
\end{flushright}
3. center
\begin{center}
\end{center}
New Lines and Paragraphs
The direct command for creating a new line is \newline.
The direct command for creating a new line is \newline. A new line can also be
created using a line break command (\linebreak, \\, \\\\, or one or more blank
lines) at the end of the previous line.
The direct command for creating a new paragraph is \par.
The direct command for creating a new paragraph is \par. On the other hand, the
\paragraph{} and \subparagraph{} commands can also be used for creating new
paragraphs.
Creating blank spaces
Two Columns
Two Columns
\documentclass[twocolumn]{}
Multiple Columns Related Parameters
The visual appearance of a multi-column document may be controlled by the

\columnsep, \columnseprule and \columnwidth commands. The \columnsep
command specifies the gap between two columns, while \columnseprule specifies the
width of the vertical line separating two columns.
The visual appearance of a multi-column document may be controlled by the

\columnsep, \columnseprule and \columnwidth commands. The \columnsep
command specifies the gap between two columns, while \columnseprule specifies the
width of the vertical line separating two columns. On the other hand,
\columnwidth governs the width of a column.
Generate Multiple Columns
The multicols environment, defined in the multicol package, can be used, which has
the capability of producing any number of columns(upto 10).
The multicols environment, which has the capability of an example for 3 columns
defined in the multicol producing any number of document.
package, can be used, columns(upto 10). This is
The multicols environment, which has the capability of an example for 3 columns
defined in the multicol producing any number of document.
package, can be used, columns(upto 10). This is
\begin{multicols}{3}
The multicols environment, defined in the multicol package, can be used,
which has the capability of producing any number of columns(upto 10).
This is an example for 3 columns document.
\end{multicols}
Foot Notes
1A
LT EX is a document preparation system
Foot Notes
LATEX provides the \footnote{} command for printing its argument as a foot note.
1A
Foot Notes
The command is to be inserted just after the word or phrase (usually without any gap)
against which a foot note is to be generated.
1A
Foot Notes
against which a foot note is to be generated. In the output, such words or phrases are
superscribed in Arabic numerals with the counter of the \footnote{} command.
1A
Foot Notes
against which a foot note is to be generated. In the output, such words or phrases are
superscribed in Arabic numerals with the counter of the \footnote{} command.
Consider : LATEX1 provides the footnote{} command also.
1A
Page Layout and Styles
Page Layout
Page Layout
Paper Size
Page Layout
Paper Size a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, letterpaper(default), legalpaper,

executivepaper.
Page Layout

executivepaper.
Orientation :
Page Layout

executivepaper.
Orientation : portrait and landscape
Standard Page Layout
Page Style
Page Style
LATEX provides various standard macros as well as customizing facilities for designing a
document.
Running Header and Footer
\pagestyle{}
\pagestyle{} and \thispagestyle{}
\pagestyle{} and \thispagestyle{}
Fancy Headings
Fancy Headings
Fancy Headings
Page Numbering
Page Numbering
Five types of page numbering are available
Page Numbering
Five types of page numbering are available \pagenumbering{anum}
Page Numbering
arabic 1,2,3 . . .
Page Numbering
arabic 1,2,3 . . .
roman i,ii,iii, . . .
Page Numbering
arabic 1,2,3 . . .
Roman I,II,III, . . .
Page Numbering
arabic 1,2,3 . . .
alph a, b, c, . . .
Page Numbering
arabic 1,2,3 . . .
alph a, b, c, . . .
Alph A, B, B, . . .
Page Numbering
arabic 1,2,3 . . .
alph a, b, c, . . .
Alph A, B, B, . . .
By default page numbering starts from unity.
Page Numbering
arabic 1,2,3 . . .
alph a, b, c, . . .
Alph A, B, B, . . .
By default page numbering starts from unity. Numbering can be started from any
other number using \setcounter{page}{n} in the preamble,
Thanks
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Online Workshop on LATEX

Dr. A. Sebastian Selvaraj

Guest Lecturer, Department of Mathematics,

YouTube Channel : Aro Study Circle

Monday 18th May, 2020

Introduction List of Contents and Index

Introduction List of Contents and Index

Introduction List of Contents and Index

Introduction List of Contents and Index

Introduction List of Contents and Index

Introduction List of Contents and Index

Figure Insertion Slide Preparation

Introduction List of Contents and Index

Figure Insertion Slide Preparation

The Weaknesses of Word

The Weaknesses of Word

The Weaknesses of Word

The Weaknesses of Word

The Weaknesses of Word

The Weaknesses of Word

The Weaknesses of Word

The Weaknesses of Word

portability and compatibility - text files!

portability and compatibility - text files!

portability and compatibility - text files!

portability and compatibility - text files!

portability and compatibility - text files!

portability and compatibility - text files!

portability and compatibility - text files!

portability and compatibility - text files!

undeniable learning curve

undeniable learning curve

LATEX input file can be divided into two

LATEX input file can be divided into two

LATEX input file can be divided into two

Font size 10pt (default), 11pt and 12pt

LATEX syntax consists of

LATEX syntax consists of

LATEX syntax consists of

LATEX syntax consists of

LATEX syntax consists of

LATEX syntax consists of

LATEX syntax consists of

LATEX syntax consists of

There are three modes for processing texts in LATEX

There are three modes for processing texts in LATEX

There are three modes for processing texts in LATEX

There are three modes for processing texts in LATEX

There are three modes for processing texts in LATEX

There are three modes for processing texts in LATEX

There are three modes for processing texts in LATEX

Family Default Footnotesize

Family Default Footnotesize

Family Default Footnotesize

Family Default Footnotesize

Family Default Footnotesize

Family Default Footnotesize

Family Default Footnotesize

 Automatic and Uniform Formatting

 Automatic and Uniform Formatting

 Automatic and Uniform Formatting

 Automatic and Uniform Formatting

 Automatic and Uniform Formatting

Automatic and Uniform Formatting

Automatic and Uniform Formatting

Automatic and Uniform Formatting

Automatic and Uniform Formatting

Automatic and Uniform Formatting