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EXERCISE of EXPLANATION TEXT MODUL

Reading Text 1:
Why does The Earth’s Rotation Happen?

How do you define up and down in space? What would “vertical” mean? For the earth, we can
think of vertical as straight up and down with respect to the plane in which the Earth orbits
the Sun (called ecliptic).

Earth’s rotational axis points in this same direction relative to the stars, so the North Pole
points towards the star Polaris. Think of the Earth as a spinning top, tipped over to one side.
Over very long time periods (thousands of years) the direction of Earth’s axis slowly changes
due to precession.

The Earth rotates around once in 24 hours – that’s a rate of 1000 miles per hour ! The time it
takes for the Earth to rotate completely around once is what we call a day. It’s Earth’s
rotation that gives us night and day.

The combined effect of the Earth’s tilt and its orbital motion result in the seasons.

QUESTIONS:
1. Have you ever witnessed an earthquakes./
2. Why are the earthquakes considered as the most deadly natural hazards/
3. Did you notice anything specific about the way this text is written?
4. what kind of text is this?

Reading Text 2

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is
made of vegetable oil.

To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw
materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready
supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the production of
Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility
many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to
use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what
you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.

The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester
interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller
amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst

Exercise of Explanation Text Page 1

(for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides,
which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester
interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it
with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of a
glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical
processes for different industries.

QUESTIONS:
1. What is the text about?
2. What are interchanged in the process of ester interchange?
3. According to the text, one of the advantages in using biodiesel is…
4. “The process for converting vegetable oil…”(Paragraph 3)
The underline word is closest in meaning to…..

Reading Text 3:

An earth happens when there is sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates
seismic waves. To record earthquakes, scientists use a seismometer, also known as a
seismograph. The magnitude of san earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and
mostly obsolete Richter magnitude, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly
imperceptible and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking
is measured on the modified Mercalli scale.

At the Earth’s surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking, and sometimes

displacement of the ground. A great shaking earthquake, its epicenter located offshore, can
lead to tsunami. That is because the quake to be displaced. The shaking in earthquakes can
also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity.

In the most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event,
whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans, that generates seismic waves.
Earthquakes are not caused by volcanic activity landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear
experiments.

An earthquake’s point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The term epicenter
means the point at ground level directly above this. (P 271)

QUESTIONS:
1. What does the text about?
2. How does the earth happen?What does Paragraph 3 explains . . . .
3. “ .. . . the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami.”
(paragraph 2 )
The closest meaning of the underlined words is . . . . .
4. What is the kind of the text ?

Exercise of Explanation Text Page 2

Exercise Of PASSIVE VOICE:
I. Complete the sentences in the Passive or Active form. (use Past Tense)
1. She (sell) ______________ mangoes.
2. The apartment already (sell) ___________.
3. Most toys (make) ______________ in China.
4. Tonny (send) _________ the letters.
5. Jonny (ride) ____________his bike.
6. The building (build) __________________ in 1543.
7. his father (hospitalise) ________________ for dengue fever.
8. Donna (pick) _________ up yesterday.
9. Our softball team (defeat) ___________ by the Junior Team.
10. Fruit (keep) ___________ in the refrigerator.

II. Complete the sentences in the Passive or Active form. (use Past Tense).

1. The wall (paint) ___________ yesterday.

2. President Soekarno (design) ______________ the National Monument.
3. Tea (plant) ___________ in the mountain area.
4. In Germany, People (drive) _________ in the left.
5. Paper (make) ______________________ from wood.
6. The Herald Tribune (read) ___________ by 5 million people in the world.
7. Somebody (steal) ________ my wallet yesterday.
8. President Joko Widodo (open) ________________ the conference tomorrow.
9. When I came home, the telephone (ring) ________________.
10. The artist (paint) ____________ the paintings 30 years ago.

SPEAKING:

 Choose one of the natural phenomenon that you read it . Try to understand it well.
 After that, Tell it in 3 – 5 minutes . You can explain it by using materials, pictures: e.g Cycle of Rain . .
 Record your speech , send it to me by English Google Class / WA 0812-8038-5967.

Exercise of Explanation Text Page 3