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Almost all forms of energy, fossil fuels, wind or biomass, were or are
driven by solar energy. When managed sustainable, i.e. harvest does
not exceed growth, biomass is a renewable energy. Through the
mechanism of photosynthesis solar energy is bound into chemical
energy in the plants. Thereby it gets usable for humans in form of
eating or burning.
Briquetting or pelletizing is the process to improve the characteristics
of biomass as a renewable energy resource by densification.
Densification means less volume needed for the same amount of
energy output. Figure 1 visualises the magnitude of the differences
of bulk density. Each column has the same energy content and
represents the volume needed to obtain the equivalent energy of
one litre of fossil heating oil. Wood pellets have the highest energy
content per volume within the solid biomass examples here listed.
The tannery industry is renowned for the huge amount of toxic solid
and liquid waste generated from the cleaning, fleshing, splitting,
tanning, shaving and buffing of raw materials. Biomass briquettes are
a proven way of generating energy from waste. This study
investigates the development and characterization of biomass
briquettes from tannery solid wastes (TSWs). TSWs, which comprise
hair, flesh, chrome shavings and buffing dust, were collected from a
tannery in Kano, Nigeria, to formulate and characterize six
briquettes. Scanning electron microscopy and proximate analysis
were carried out on the samples. The six briquettes, comprising
varying ratios of hair, flesh, chrome shavings and buffing dust, were
molded and characterized. Thermal efficiency, durability and
compressive strength, among other properties, were determined for
the six briquette formulations. The briquettes developed had calorific
values between 18.632 and 24.101 MJ/kg. Durability of the
briquettes ranged from 98.12% to 99.77%. The energy values were
within the range of 17.462–24.101 MJ/kg, which was comparable to
other fuel sources such as sub-bituminous coal (20.000–24.730
MJ/kg). This shows that TSWs can be used for fuel briquette
production, which is a source of sustainable energy generation. It is
environmentally friendly, cost effective and affordable compared to
fossil fuel.
Scope:
Bio Fuel Briquettes is Widely Used for any type of thermal application
to replace Fossil Fuel.
Scope of Briquettes
There are many advantages of using Bio Fuel Briquettes:
Clean Energy: It’s not producing ash and smoke while burning so it’s
a clean energy source.
Cost-Effective: It’s cheaper than other fossil fuel because its made
from waste which is easily available.
At present, in India, the Biomass Fuel industry is generally at a more
advanced level. The world's large enterprises are mainly
concentrated in Asia. Meanwhile, foreign companies have more
advanced equipment, strong R and D capability, and leading
technical level. With the development of India Biomass Fuel industry
production technology, their share in the international market is
increasing, and competitiveness in the international market gradually
increases. The demand for industrial biomass briquette and pellets
for energy production is driven, in significant part, by governmental
policies and incentives. India has become a large international
consumption country of Biomass Fuel industry in 2016.
Deep water is essential for shipping wood resources, with most ports
requiring about 12 to 13 meters. "There are a limited number of
deepwater ports that have handling or bulk handling capabilities and
you have to have those combinations.
But many agree that the limitations are not insurmountable and
won't stop the market from developing. There's such an incredible
demand in India that there's going to be biomass wood chip and
pellet export opportunities and it's going to grow over the next five
to 10 years".
Biomass Briquettes Market: Trends and Opportunities
Currently, various trends seen in the market that has risen the
demand for biomass briquettes are its advantages over other fuels,
low ash content as compared to charcoal and coal, cost-effective,
and is sulfur free. Moreover, low environmental effect, uniformity in
combustion, higher boiler efficiency due to low moisture content and
high density has increased its demand across the globe. The
popularity of piston or ram press and screw extrusion machines are
the most preferred technologies used for producing high-pressure
biomass briquettes. Biomass briquettes have a high potential to
substitute coal in most boiler and power applications and have a high
combustion rate that has increased its demand on a large scale.
Sales tax exemption- Biomass briquettes are exempted from sales tax
in different states including Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi,
Maharashtra and Rajasthan. Looking at the benefits and people’s
interest in new technology, other states are also trying to make
briquetting sales tax free. Many states have offered subsidy in rural
areas to contribute in rural development.
This is one of the most rewarding businesses, where experts say that
one can get back total investment just in 1 year. This is one of the
only industries with constant income.
Biomass Briquette
Biomass Pellet
The Biomass Briquette Market Size by Applications:
Thermal Energy
Power Generation
Other
The literature review and market research uncovered sufficient
markets for the inputs and outputs of a biomass briquetting
enterprise in India. Biomass, packaging materials, equipment and
briquette machine manufacturers are all available within Kenya. The
principal challenge is to obtain enough biomass, at a low enough
price, to produce a sufficient volume of biomass briquettes (i.e. 21
tons per month). While there is a reportedly significant market
opportunity for the outputs of biomass briquettes, the comparative
low cost of biomass in India presents a constraint.
Most of the briquetting industries in the past and present have used
or are using imported technologies mainly from India and China.
They are very expensive, and make briquetting unfeasible and lead to
local adaptation and fabrication, reducing the capital costs. Locally
fabricated machinery/equipment is comparatively cheap making
briquetting business more feasible. Therefore, locally made, cheap
technologies need to be promoted rather than imported ones. This
will make briquetting business more feasible.
If previously only rice husk was use as raw material for briquetting,
now the scope of briquetting has widened because research and
development has shown that many new raw materials can be used
for briquetting. Some of them are Tite pati, Dhungri Phool, banana
waste, bamboo waste, water hyacinth, etc. They are available free of
cost and also found to be a problem for agricultural activities and
forestry propagation. There are many more such waste biomasses,
which can be potential raw materials for briquette production. The
cost involvement is only the labor cost for collection. It can be seen
from the above chapter on biomass situation that the list of waste
biomass is in exhaustive.
Country wise Raw Material Availability
Palm husk , Saw Dust, Rice Husk, Rice husk char , Wood
Malaysia
Chips,
Labakshi, Lantana, Banmara, Saw Dust, Cotton shells,
Nepal Cotton Husk , Cotton Stalk, Katra Grass, Agerntum ,
Thakalkanda, Ficus
Natherlands Saw dust, Other Agro waste,
Thailand Corn cob , Corn cob waste
U.K. Ceder cones, Sow dust, Wood Chips
Saw dust, Wood Chips, Rice Husk, bark, chips and woody
U.S.A. materials, Oliveyard waste, Vineyard waste, Straw and
Husk,
Rice husk , Saw Dust, Rubber Wood Dust , Rice char
Vietnam
[ash] , Rice stem, Rice Busha
Amla Seed , Almonds, Babool, Bagasse, Bamboo dust
briquette, Coffee husk, Castor seed shell, Cashew shell,
Coir pith, Coconut shell, Cotton shells, Rice husk, Paddy
India
Straw, Saw dust, Tea waste , Soyabean husk, Jute waste,
Tobacco waste, Groundnut Shell, Cotton Stalks / Chips,
Mustard Stalk, etc.
With respect to chippers, the main components are: the feeding roller and
platform, the chipping chamber, the cutting blade, the sieve grate and the
recovery platform.
In terms of maintenance, the main components subject to severe wear are the
grinding elements (hammers, blades); despite being built with highly resistant
materials (typically steel), a frequent check up on their condition is important
(and replacement in case of low performance), together with the prevention of
metallic elements or stones from entering into the crushing and chipping
chambers.
The grates and sieves must also be inspected regularly to ensure that there are no
obstructions to the crushed or chipped biomass outlet, which affects the output
of the process as well as potentially damaging the grate or sieve.
Dryer:
Briquetting:
The major components of briquetting piston units (figures 12 and 26) are:
• Biomass hopper: where the crushed biomass is stored, ready to be compacted
into briquettes. Automated valves control the amount of biomass to be dispensed
into the compacting cylinder to manufacture briquettes in batches.
• Pressing cylinder, piston and matrix: the chamber where the densification of the
briquette takes place by the pressing action of a piston. At the end of the cylinder,
a matrix with the desired shape of the briquettes is fixed.
• Flywheel: the rotating element that drives the piston movement. The flywheel is
used to store kinetic energy to support continuous and stable operation.
Manufacturing Process of Biomass
Briquettes
Drying: The material used in the briquetting plant must have moisture
content less than 10%, if the moisture content is higher, you need to
remove the excess moisture from the material by using the biomass
material drying machine.
Crushing: If the size of the raw material is larger than 200 mm, briquetting
plant demands to convert into smaller pieces between 3-5mm. The
biomass material crusher is used to prepare suitable size raw material for
the biomass briquetting plant. The selection of the crushing machine is
solely depending upon the size of the raw material. To get the support and
solution concerned with crushing machine, contact us.
Disadvantages of Biomass
Biomass fuels are mainly burned on inefficient open fires and
traditional stoves.
In many cases, the demand for biomass fuels far outweighs
sustainable supply. This can contribute to deforestation, land
degradation and desertification.
Unclean burning leads to emissions.
Dwindling resources lead to an additional workload for women
and children as they have to spend more time searching for
firewood. The fuel they find is often of a lower grade and thus
burns with more smoke and less heat.
Every year, the smoke from open fires and traditional stoves -
leading to Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) - kills about 4.3 million
people.[4] Thus, every 8 seconds, someone (mostly women and
children) is dying due to inefficient use of biomass fuel.
Fuelwood is often collected on a daily basis and has no time to
dry before use. This makes the use less efficient as some heat is
wasted to drive the moisture out of the wood. Moist fuelresults
in more smoke.
Technology: