• Characteristics of good research and researcher

• It gathers new knowledge or data from primary or first-hand

sources.
• It places emphasis upon the discovery of general principles.
• It is an exact systematic and accurate investigation.
• It uses certain valid data gathering devices.
• It is logical and objective.
• The researcher eliminates personal feelings and preferences.
• It endeavors to organize data in quantitative terms.
• Research is patient and unhurried activity.
•Process of a research
• Hypothesis
A tentative supposition or provisional guess “It is a tentative supposition or
provisional guess which seems to explain the situation under observation.” –
James E. Greighton

A Lungberg thinks “A hypothesis is a tentative generalisation the validity of

which remains to be tested. In its most elementary stage the hypothesis may be
any hunch, guess, imaginative idea which becomes the basis for further
investigation

hypothesis is defined as a statement for the tentative relationship of two or

more variables.
• Types of Research
• Action Research
• Exploration Research
• Experimental Research
• Analytical Research
• Conceptual Research
• Fundamental /Pure research
• Diagnostic Research
• Qualitative Research
• Quantitative Research
Action Research
• The action research project does not contribute in the fund of
knowledge but it improves and modifies the current practices.
• It is an objective oriented method.

Exploration Research
• Exploratory research is a research conducted for a problem that has not been studied

more clearly, intended to establish priorities, develop operational definitions and improve

the final research design. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design,

data-collection method and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions

only with extreme caution

Conceptual Research
• Conceptual research is defined as a methodology wherein research is
conducted by observing and analyzing already present information
on a given topic. Conceptual research doesn't involve conducting any
practical experiments. It is related to abstract concepts or ideas.

Diagnostic Research
• Diagnostic research refers either to an active process or to the conclusion
reached through that process. The meaning of diagnostic research is serving to
indicate the value of diagnosis. Modern diagnostic research in the active sense.
• Scientific Method of Research
• The scientific method is a standardized way of making observations,
gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions, and
interpreting results.
• STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
• Selecting the topic & identifying the research problem Defining the
objectives of the study.
• Reviewing the literature from theory & other related studies.
• Defining concepts & variables to be studied.
• Stating hypothesis about expected observations or phenomenon to
be studied.
• Correlation Study
• Correlational research is a type of non experimental research in
which the researcher measures two variables and assesses the
statistical relationship (i.e., the correlation) between them with
little or no effort to control extraneous variables.
Research Proposal
REPORT WRITING
• Research reports are the product of slow, painstaking,
accurate inductive work. The usual steps involved in writing
report are
(a)logical analysis of the subject-matter
(b)preparation of the final outline
(c) preparation of the rough draft
(d)rewriting and polishing
(e)preparation of the final bibliography
(f) writing the final draft.
• Types of Data
• Data collection Method
• Variables
• Tools of Data Collection
• Enlist the characteristics of a good researcher.
• Briefly explain the research ethics and its importance in research.
• Write short notes :
• i)Dependable Variable
• ii)Independent Variable
• iii)Qualitative Research
• iv)Quantitative research
• v) Research Ethics
• Define the term ‘Hypothesis’. Explain the nature and functions of a
hypothesis in a research process.
• Explain the importance of literature review in research.