Modeling and Simulation of Single Phase Shunt Active

Power Filter for Harmonics Mitigation in Nonlinear Loads

Moe Moe Oo, Thet Tin
Department of Electrical Power Engineering
Mandalay Technological University

Abstract- Non-linear loads are increasing day by day due to conversion techniques and control involved in the power
invention of much electrical and electronic equipment not electronic devices such as rectifier, chopper, cyclo-
only in industries but also in domestic applications. Due to converter etc. The harmonics and reactive power are the
wide use of nonlinear single phase power electronic devices in cause various problem which includes overheating of
domestic loads has increased harmonic pollution in the
transformers, excessive neutral current, distortion of
power system to the larger extent. Improving power quality
has become the biggest challenge for electrical engineers. feeder voltage, low power factor, damages to power
This work presents a single phase shunt active power filter electronic devices and malfunction of sensitive equipment.
was modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK using triangular
current controller. Simulation results are presented to II. VARIOUS TOPOLOGY OF ACTIVE POWER FILTER
demonstrate performance of single phase shunt active power APF’s are basically categorized into two types,
filter during presence ofnonlinear load. namely, single phase (two-wire connection), three-phase
(three wire and four-wire connection) configurations to
Keywords– Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter, meet the requirements of the nonlinear loads in the
Harmonics, MATLAB/SIMULINK, Triangular distribution systems. Single-phase loads, such as domestic
Current Controller, Nonlinear Load.
lights, TVs, air conditioners, and laser printers behave as
I. INTRODUCTION nonlinear loads and cause harmonics in the power
In recent years both power engineers and consumers system.Many configurations, such as the active series
have been giving focus on the “electrical power quality” filter, active shunt filter, and combination of shunt and
i.e. degradation of voltage and current due to harmonics, series filter has been developed. The above mentioned
low power factor etc. Nearly two decades ago majority APF’s either based on a current source inverter (CSI) with
loads used by the consumers are passive and linear in inductive energy storage or voltage source inverter (VSI)
nature, with a few non-linear loads thus having less impact with capacitive energy storage devices.
on the power system. However, due to technical
A. Single Phase Shunt Active Power Filter
advancement in semiconductor devices and easy
To eliminate the harmonics in the power system, active
controllability of electrical power, non-linear loads such as
power filters (APF) are installed at PCC. APF injects
SMPS, rectifier, chopper etc, are more used. The power
compensating current at PCC to cancel out the harmonics
handling capacity of modern power electronics devices
and to make source current sinusoidal. By installation of
such as power diode, silicon controlled rectifier (SCR),
APF, harmonic pollution as well as low power factor in
Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), Metal oxide
the power system can be improved. Though APFs are
semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) are very
widely used in three phase system, by little modification in
large, so the application of such semiconductor devices is
the control strategy it can be implemented in thesingle
very popular in industry as well as in domestic purpose.
phase system, thus harmonic pollution can be reduced at
Whilst these advantages are certainly good but there lies of
low voltage system.
such excessive use of power electronic devices a great
problem, i.e. generation of current harmonics and reactive
power in the power system network. To provide clean
power at the consumer-end active power filter (APF) is
used. Due to use of non-linear loads, the load current is
highly nonlinear in nature. The compensating current
which is output of the APF is injected at PCC, so the
harmonic cancellation takes place and the current between
sources to PCC is sinusoidal in nature. The active power
filter (APF) is a popular approach for cancelling the
harmonics in power system. The main objective and aim
of this paper is to reduce harmonic distortion in current
Fig .1. Block diagram for active power filter connected system
and voltage waveforms.The term ‘Harmonic’ refers to a
component with a frequency that is an integral multiple of B. Power Circuit Diagram Of Single Phase Shunt Active
the fundamental frequency. Harmonics in power system Power Filter
arises due to wide use of nonlinear loads. The major Single phase shunt active filter consists of
causes of current and voltage harmonics are due to energy IGBT/MOSFET based inverter shunted with DC link
capacitor. It is connected to point of common coupling
through AC link reactor. The power circuit diagram of
single phase shunt active power filter connected system is
shown in the Fig.2.It consists of single phase supply
utility, single phase bridge rectifier, singlephase IGBT
based voltage source inverter, controller and load.
Fig.2. Power circuit diagram of single phase APF connected system
C. Design of Controller
The heart of the active power filter system is its
controller. Proper control scheme enables active power
filter to carry out harmonic elimination as well as reactive
power compensation.
1. Outer DC link Voltage Controller
2. Hysteresis Current Controller
3. Triangular Carrier Current Controller
In this model used Outer DC link Voltage Controller
and Triangular Carrier Current Controller.
1. Outer DC Link Voltage Controller
To control DC bus voltage, it is required to take care of
little amount of power flowing into DC capacitor, thus
compensating for switching and conduction losses. The dc
link voltage control loop does not require being as fast as
it responds to steady state operating condition. The actual
DC link voltage is compared with a reference DC link
voltage and passed through a PI controller. To maintain
dc-link voltage at a fixed reference value, the dc-link
capacitorrequires a certain amount of real power, which is
directly proportional to the difference between the
reference and actual voltages. The control signal coming
from PI controller toregulate DC link voltage can be
expressed as
Where, Kp and Ki are proportional and integral gains of
the PI controller. By increasing proportional gain (K p)
reduces rise time and steady-state error but it causes
increase in the overshoot and settling time. Similarly
increase of integral gain (Ki) reduces steady state error but
it increases overshoot and settling time. The block diagram
is shown in the Fig.3.
Fig.3. DC link PI controller
2. Triangular Carrier Current Controller
In this method the current error is compared with the
fixed frequency and fixed amplitude of triangular carrier
wave. The current error is passed through a proportional
integral (PI) controller before comparison with the
triangular carrier wave. When the carrier wave
(Triangular wave) is smaller than the error signal, the gate
signal is positive and upper switch will be turned on and
lower switch will become turned off. When the carrier
wave (Triangular wave) is larger than the error signal, the
gate signal is zero, and upper switch will become turned
off and lower switch will become turned on. This results in
a gate pulse with variable width. Increasing proportional
gain (Kp) decreases rise time and steady-state error but
increases the overshoot and settling time. Increasing
integral gain (Ki) reduces steady state error but increases
overshoot and settling time. The frequency of the carrier
wave determines the switching frequency. As switching
frequency is known, switching losses can be predicted.
Block diagram of triangular carrier current controller is
depicted in the Fig.4.
Fig.4.Triangular Carrier Controller implemented in MATLAB/
SIMULINK
TABLE I
NONLINEAR LOADS AND ITS RATINGS
S.No. Nonlinear loads Ratings
1 Television set 50W
2 Personal computer 100W
3 Battery Charger 12V; 3A
4 CFL lamp 2 x 55W
5 cooling/heating 5/5 A;
Air conditioner
IP = 1100/1100 W
6 Refrigerator 190 liters;1 door; 4.4A
 III. SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULT WITHOUT SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER
Without use of filter the total harmonic distortion is very high.

Fig.5.Simulation model of nonlinear loads (without APF)

Fig.7. FFT analysis of source current without

Fig.6. FFT analysis of source voltage without Shunt active power filter (nonlinear loads)
Shunt active power filter (nonlinear loads)

Fig.8.Simulation result of voltage, current, power and reactive power of source (without APF)
 IV.SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULT WITH SHUNT TABLE II
VARIOUS PARAMETER USED FOR SIMULATION TABLE
ACTIVE POWER FILTER
S. No System parameter value
Shunt active power filters were used to improve THD
1 Source voltage 230V(r.m.s)
and this make the supply current more sinusoidal.Single
phase shunt active power filter system is simulated in 2 Source kVA rating 5kVA
MATLAB/SIMULINKenvironment. Various parameter 3 Source inductance 5mH
used for simulation is given in the Table II.The model 4 Filter inductance 1mH
wasrun for 0.2 second without connecting active power 5 DC link capacitor 4700uF
filter to PCC of power circuit and thenactive power filter 6 DC link ref. voltage 400 V
was connected to the power circuit. At the time connecting 7 Sampling frequency 20kHz
active powerfilter to the power circuit, there is large 8 DC link PI controller Kp=25,Ki=20
increase in source current.

Fig.9. Simulation model of nonlinear loads (with APF)

Fig.10. FFT analysis of source voltage with Fig.11. FFT analysis of source current with
Shunt active power filter (nonlinear loads) Shunt active power filter (nonlinear loads)
 Fig.12.Simulation result of voltage, current, power and reactive power of source(with APF)

V. SIMULATION RESULTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A simulation of single phase shunt active filter is The author would like to express special thanks to his
simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation use supervisor, U Thet Tin and Dr. Yan AungOo, the head of
single phase system 230V, 50Hz. Department Of Electrical Power Engineering, Mandalay
Technological University for their valuable suggestion and
TABLE III sharing their experience to write this paper. And also, the
READINGS TAKEN FROM SIMULATION author is also thankful to the members and all of his
Ord
Harmonic components(% of fundamental)
teachers from Department Of Electrical Power
er
Engineering, Mandalay Technological University.
of
Without Shunt Active Filter With Shunt Active Filter REFERENCES
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VI. CONCLUSION Harmonics Mitigation. Diss.2011.
A comparative study using shunt active power filters &
without using shunt Active Power Filter are used. When
no filters were used the total harmonic distortion (THD)
was very high 29.40%.Higher THD leads to a poor power
factor and lowers the efficiency of equipment’s.But
according to IEEE standard THD should be below 5%,
therefore active filters were used. On using shunt active
filter THD reduced to 2.52%. Hence it is proved that by
using active power filter for single phase system is giving
better results and supply current is more sinusoidal and
less of harmonics.