Soil erosion and its incidence in the articles and authors who are specialists in

Valencia orange crop Valencia orange and the technological

development it has had to face this soil

problem due to other bad practices on the

Hugo Andres Arias Gomez
part of the farmer. Where this is due to

the fact that 60% of our country

Summary Colombia, the sector of this crop is not

technified, reaching work that is not in

Soil erosion has been the cause of many
accordance with the planting and
of the losses of crops worldwide, due to
marketing of the Valencia orange crop.
the lack of knowledge of the same and for

not performing GAP that contributes to

better planting in order to give vitality to Abstrac

the crop by improving its production and

Soil erosion has been the cause of many
saving costs. The objective of this
of the losses of crops worldwide, due to
document is to show how soil erosion can
the lack of knowledge of the same and for
cause multiple problems to a crop
not performing GAP that contributes to
resistant to the tropic climate such as
better planting in order to give vitality to
Valencia orange and that technological
the crop by improving its production. and
prevention developments are currently
saving costs. The objective of this
being carried out to improve the quality
document is to show how soil erosion can
of the product.
cause multiple problems to a crop

The findings presented in soil erosion for resistant to the tropic climate such as

adequate crop improvement are based on Valencia orange and that technological
prevention developments are currently physical, chemical and / or biological

being carried out to improve the quality processes. In general terms, soil

of the product. degradation causes alterations in the level

of soil fertility and consequently in its

The findings presented in soil erosion for
ability to support productive agriculture.
an adequate improvement of the crop are

based on articles and specialist authors on According to Bertoni and Lombardi Neto
the Valencia orange and the technological (1985), agricultural land gradually
development it has had to face this soil becomes less productive for four main
problem due to other bad practices by the reasons:
farmer. Where this is due to the fact that
1. Degradation of the soil structure;
60% of our country, Colombia, the sector
2. Decreased organic matter;
of this crop is not technified, reaching
3. Soil loss; and
work that is not in accordance with the
4. Nutrient loss.
sowing and marketing of the Valencia

orange crop.
These reasons are effects produced

Keywords:erosion; production; basically by the improper use and

fertilization; absorption. management of the soil and by the action

of accelerated erosion.

According to Mielniczuk and Schneider

Introduction
(1984), three are, schematically, the basic

Soil degradation means the change of one stages of soil degradation

or more of its properties to lower

conditions than the original ones, through

In stage 1 the original characteristics the farmer, due to the low productivity

(organic matter and structure) are and difficulty of machine operation due to

gradually destroyed. The land user does the existence of furrows and gullies in the

not perceive this phenomenon, because field. The time it takes for a cultivated

erosion occurs at tolerant levels and crop soil to reach stage 3 depends on the

yields are kept stable by the normal intensity of application of inadequate

application of fertilizers and amendments. management practices, its slope and

texture, which are closely related to its

In stage 2 the organic matter reaches low
resistance to water erosion. (Figure 1).
values and the soil loses structure. Due to

the intensive use of agricultural

implements, a compacted layer appears,

which prevents water infiltration and root

penetration. Erosion becomes accelerated

and crop yields are severely reduced. The

application of amendments and fertilizers

becomes less effective, either due to the Figure 1. Photo acquired from FAO

physical conditions adverse to the

Other authors also show that this problem
development of the plants, or due to the
has a degree of depth so high that other
large losses of soil and nutrients that have
profiles are derived that lead to this
occurred due to erosion, reducing their
problem of soil degradation, as mentioned
current and residual effect.
by Baker and Laflen (1983). Loss of

In stage 3 the erosion process is so violent nutrients can occur in three ways:

that the land begins to be abandoned by

by percolation in the soil profile; in extraction by plants reduce the current

solution in the runoff water; and absorbed concentration and, therefore, the possible

to the sediments carried by the runoff losses in the sediment or in the water.

water.
The location of nutrients affects their

These authors also mention that the concentration in surface runoff. When the

quantity, persistence, location in the soil nutrients are on the surface, the losses are

profile and the degree of interaction of the greater than in the cases where there was

soil (adsorption) are the most important no fertilization or where the nutrients

factors that determine the concentration were incorporated into the soil (Timmons

of a nutrient in the sediment or in the et al, 1973).

water.
Currently we can deduce with regard to

The amount in the soil profile directly soil erosion in citrus cultivation and

influences the concentration of nutrients taking into account the authors who speak

in the sediment and in the water. The of this problem that the farm studied in

amount in the soil profile, at the time of the municipality of Barrancabermeja does

application of a nutrient, for example, is not have the necessary agronomic

the sum of the amount naturally present, management for the harvesting activity

the amount applied on other occasions, since Apart from this, the climate is

and the amount being applied. always above 30 degrees Celsius and this

relationship is another way of affecting

The persistence of a nutrient affects the
the crop in its productive development.
amount of this nutrient in the soil profile.
For this reason, for this work, the object
Chemical, physical transformations and
of study related the new technological
bases of large technical companies of help the production of Valencia orange to

productivity. in valencia orange in order Despite the fact that it is a crop resistant

to show results to the farmer on how to to extreme conditions, the pertinent

improve their production conditions and technologies that large companies carry

generate income without losing land. out in order to improve their production

and profit have also been developed and

Methodology
which we now present as a means of

The sidewalk is located on the road to solving the problems posed within this

San wilder km 5 of the town of the monoculture where We find the most

municipality of Barrancabermeja located used technologies for erosion control

in the department of Santander with mentioning bioengineering, especially

coordinates 07 ° 04N 73 ° 52 07 ° 04N 73 using grasses, vetíver, bamboo or guadua

° 52O with a minimum temperature of 17 and trees; the management of runoff

° C, average 28 ° C, maximum 41 ° C ° C. water, cut-offs, channels lined in stone

Altitude 75 to 146 masl. and in concrete, streams; vegetation

barriers, organic soil laying,

Area: 1,154 square km km²
revegetalization with cabuya fiber cloth
Results and Discussion
(fique); use of bamboo with metal mesh;

For the present study, the research was the "trinchos"; slopes reinforced with

measured qualitatively based on authors geotextiles; stone gabions and sandbags;

who have touched on the subject to bring the concrete bag and the reinforced

this problem to the field with a better concrete expopods. Most of the

solution and that is why within this technologies used in Colombia are local

subject the best form of technology to adaptations. Engineering principles for

erosion control are basic, with vegetation Erosion is a phenomenon that deserves

being one of the best natural materials for more attention, from the point of view of

erosion control; however, geosynthetics soil management, conservation,

manufactured and marketed for erosion restoration and the ordering of

control applications have significantly hydrographic basins, since they have a

changed the concept of erosion control in direct relationship with the production of

the past decade. The problem of soil sediments and water pollution. Likewise,

retention, protection, they affect the infrastructure of energy

reservoirs, irrigation and municipal

conclusion
aqueducts and are related to threats from

flooding, landslides and torrential flows.

These lead us to the object of study

carried out on the farm, it is possible to

determine water stress in plants such as

the low productivity of the orange crop,

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cultivation of orange. Recovered in: and vegetable plant. - Dangers in the fruit

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from:http://usi.earth.ac.cr/glas/sp/Mango/ o.pdf

mango.htm

Beltrán Y. (2020). Fedemango.

Gómez R. List of chemical and biological
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states. Recovered
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from:https://mangoz.org.mx/images/pdf/P
Technological Model for the cultivation
LAGUICIDAS%20QUIMICOS%20Y
of mango in the Valley
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of the high Magdalena in the Department %20MANGO.pdf

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Cordial saludo tutor (a) y compañeros mi nombre es Hugo Arias UDR Barrancabermeja y
pertenezco al programa de agronomía, espero aprender mucho de este curso.
Teniendo en cuenta la guía, el ejercicio a escoger sera: