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TYPE STRUCTURE EXPLANATION

ZERO IF/WHEN + PRESENT TENSE + PRESENT TENSE For facts that are always true or facts
Simple Simple that happen as a result of something
CONDITIONAL Continuous Continuous else.
Perfect Perfect
If you heat the water at 100°, it boils.

FIRST IF + PRESENT TENSE + FUTURE TENSE Things that will probably happen in the
Simple Will future in a real situation. We are talking
CONDITIONAL Continuous Going to in the present.
Perfect Perfect
If you fall, I won’t be able to catch you!
Continuous
We use in case when we do something
in order to be ready for future
FUTURE TENSE + EXPRESSION + PRESENT TENSE
FUTURE TIME as soon as
situations/problems.

CLAUSES when I'll take an umbrella if it rains. = I won't


until take an umbrella if it doesn't rain.
unless
I'll take an umbrella in case it rains. =
after
I'll take an umbrella anyway because it
in case
might rain.
before
I will go the supermarket as soon as the
lockdown is lifted.
TYPE STRUCTURE EXPLANATION
SECOND We use second conditional sentences to
IF + PAST SIMPLE + WOULD/WOULDN’T + INFINITIVE talk about a hypothetical or imaginary
CONDITIONAL PAST CONT. COULD situation in the present or future and its
MIGHT consequences.
If I were you, I’d study for the exam.
We use third conditional sentences to talk
about a hypothetical in the past and its
THIRD IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD/WOULDN’T HAVE + PAST PAR.
consequences.

CONDITIONAL P. PERF. CONT. COULD/COULDN’T HAVE If you had studied for the exam, you
MIGHT/MIGHT NOT HAVE might not have failed.
He would have passed the exam if he had
studied enough. (No comma in this case)
We sometimes mix second and third
WOULD/WOULDN’T + INFINITIVE + PAST PERFECT conditionals if a hypothetical situation in
MIXED (We mix the second part of the 2° conditional with the first part
the past has a present or future
consequence.
CONDITIONAL of the 3° conditional).
You would be celebrating now if you had
IF + PAST SIMPLE + WOULD/COULD/MIGHT HAVE + PAST PA. passed the exam.
(We mix the first part of the 2° conditional with the second part If you wanted to buy a new car, you
of the 3° conditional) could have saved more money.

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