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5 CARBON DIOXIDE TOTAL FLOODING SYSTEM
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PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
This document contains proprietary information developed by and for exclusive use of Saudi Electricity
1\1 Company. Your acceptance of the document is an acknowledgement that it must be used for the identified
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purpose/application and during the period indicated. It cannot be used or copied for any other purposes nor
released to others without prior written authorization of Saudi Electricity Company. Saudi Electricity Company
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will not be responsible for misuse and/or misapplication, and any harm resulting thereftom. Saudi Electricity
Z Company also reserves the right to take any necessary actions to protect its interest against unauthorized use.
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APPROVED BY
Engr. Engr. Khalaf M.AI-Ma'ashi Engr. Abdullah M. AI-Gami

DivisionManager, Department Manager,
Engineering Support Transmission Standards &
Specifications
Date of Approval: December 03, 2008
I ...
... TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD

TESB10603RO/AJJ PAGE NO. 1 OF 46
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-B-106.03, Rev. 0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE
2.0 GENERAL
3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 System Description

3.2 System Design
3.3 Methods Of Actuation
3.4 Pipe Sizing
3.5 Safety Requirments
3.6 Functional Tests
4.0 APPLICATIONS
4.1 General
4.2 Advantages Of Carbon Dioxide
4.3 Typical Applications
5.0 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
5.1 General
5.2 Storage Sylinders
5.3 Cylinder Discharge Assembly
5.4 Discharge Nozzles
5.5 Automatic Fire Detectors
5.6 Control And Indicating Equipment
5.7 Abort Switch
5.8 Disribution Piping
6.0 ELECTRICAL WORKS
7.0 TEST AND COMISSIONING
7.1 Pressure Tests

7.2 Performance Tests
7.3 Discharge Tests
8.0 REFERENCES
TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 2 OF 46

1.0 SCOPE
The purpose of the Standard is to provide the minimum requirements for the design,
installation, testing and commissioning of carbon dioxide total flooding system of fire
suppression.
It is important that the fire protection of a building or facility shall be considered as a

whole. Carbon dioxide total flooding system forms only a part of the available fire
protection facilities, but it shall not be assumed that their adoption necessarily removes
the need to consider supplementary measures such as the provision of portable fire
extinguishers or other mobile appliances for first aid or emergency use, or to deal with
special hazards.
2.0 GENERAL
Any conflicts between the Standard and other SEC Transmission Engineering Standards
(TES), related SEC Material Standard Specifications (TMSS), Standard Drawings and
other international Codes and Standards shall be resolved by COMPANY
REPRESENTATIVE.
Any deviations or exceptions to the Standard that provide less than the minimum
requirements of this Standard shall require a written approval of COMPANY
REPRESENTATIVE.
3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 System Description
The carbon dioxide fire suppression system shall be a total flooding, fixed-pipe
engineered system. The system shall be consist of centralized cylinder storage
with a fixed piping installation to convey agent to the discharge nozzles. The
release of the carbon dioxide agent thru the discharge nozzles dilutes the
atmosphere with carbon dioxide to produce a concentration in the hazard
enclosure sufficient to extinguish fire throughout the entire volume of the
enclosed space.
The carbon dioxide total flooding system shall provide for the storage of the
extinguishing agent in pressurized cylinders at a system pressure of 5,860 kPa at
21°C (850 psig at 70°C).
The system shall have both manual and automatic means of actuation. A fire
detection and alarm system utilizing smoke detectors of the ionization and optical
types arranged in a dual-zone dependency (cross-zoning) controls the
programmed automatic actuation of the carbon dioxide total flooding system,
while manual releasing devices shall provide the emergency or manual actuation
of the system (See Section 3.3).

When required by the system design, an "Abort" switch shall be installed to stop
momentarily the discharge of the extinguishing agent. (See Section 5.7).
3.2 System Design
3.2.1 General
The design of the carbon dioxide total flooding system shall provide a
uniform concentration of CO2 agent throughout the protected enclosure,
and maintain this concentration for a sufficient period of time to
extinguish the flame and prevent reignition. The rate of application and
the time necessary to maintain the extinguishing concentration will vary
according to the type of hazard.
3.2.2 Enclosure
a. A well enclosed space is required to maintain extinguishing

concentration of carbon dioxide. The protected volume shall be
enclosed by walls, ceilings and doors with a minimum fire rating
of 1/2 hour in accordance with NEPA 251, Standard Methods of
Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.
b. All closable opening shall be arranged to close before the start of

agent discharge.
c. The area of unclosable openings shall be kept to a minimum and

these openings shall be compensated for by additional quantity of
agent. Where surface fires are involved, the following unclosable
openings are permitted:
An area, expressed in square meters, is numerically equivalent to

10 percent of the volume in cubic meters, or 10 percent of the total
area of all sides, top and bottom, in square meters, whichever
calculation gives the smaller results.
d. These openings shall be compensated for by additional agent at

the rate of 5 kg/m2 of opening (multiplied by the material
conversion factor, if necessary).
e. Where openings exceed the limitation set by Section c, the system

shall be designed to comply with the requirements of a local
application system. (See NFPA 12).

3.2.3 Carbon Dioxide Requirements for Surface Fires
a. Volume Factors
The volume factors used to determine the basic quantity of carbon

dioxide to protect an enclosure containing a material requiring a
design concentration of up to 34 percent shall be in accordance
with Table 3-1.
b. Material Conversion Factors
For materials requiring a design concentration over 34 percent, the

basic quantity of carbon dioxide calculated from the volume
factors given in Table 3-2 shall be increased by multiplying this
quantity by the appropriate conversion factors given in Table 3-2.
c. Were carbon dioxide can flow freely between two or more

interconnected volumes, the quantity of carbon dioxide shall be
the sum of quantities calculated for each volume using the
respective volume and material conversion factors.
If one volume requires greater than normal concentration, the

higher concentration shall 'be used for all interconnected volumes.
d. The volume of the enclosure shall be the gross volume. The only
permitted reductions are permanent impermeable building
elements within the enclosure.
e. Special Conditions
i. Unclosable Openings
Unclosable openings shall be compensated for gas leakage.

See section d.
ii. Ventilation System
When forced air ventilating systems cannot be shut down

and/or closed, additional carbon dioxide shall be supplied.
For calculation purposes, the volume of air removed in one
minute shall be added to the total volume of the enclosure.
The equivalent quantity of additional agent shall be
multiplied by the material conversion factor if necessary.

iii. Abnormal Temperatures
Where there are abnormal temperatures, additional

quantities of carbon dioxide shall be provided as follows:
* Where the temperature of the enclosure is above

100°C, add 2 percent carbon dioxide for each 5°C
over 100°C.
** Where the temperature of the enclosure is below -

20°C, add 2 percent carbon dioxide for each 1°C
below - 20°C.
f. For materials not listed in Table 3-2, the minimum carbon dioxide
concentration shall be obtained from same recognized source or
determined by test.
TABLE 3 - 1 VOLUME FACTORS

(NFPA – 12)
(A) Volume of B) Volume Factor (C) Calculated Quantity(kg)

Space(m³ Incl.) (m³/kg CO2 ) (kg CO2 / m³ Not Less Than
)
Up to 3.96 0.86 1.15 -
3.97 - 14.15 0.93 1.07 4.5
14.16 - 45.28 0.99 1.01 15.1
45.29 - 127.35 1.11 0.90 45.4
127.36 -1415.0 1.25 0.80 113.5
Over 1415 .0 1.38 0.72 1135.0

TABLE 3-2
Minimum Carbon Dioxide Concentration For Extinguishment
(NFPA – 12)
Material Theoretical Min. Minimum Design Material Conversion

Concentration Concentration Factor
(Percent) (Percent) (Note 2)
Acetylene 55 66 2.5
Acetone 26* 31 1.0
Benzol, Benzene 31 37 1.1
Butadiene 34 41 1.3
Butane 28 34 1.0
Carbon Disulphide 55 66 2.5
Carbon Monoxide 53 64 2.4
Coal or Natural Gas 31 37 1.1
Cyclopropane 31 37 1.1
Dowtherm 38 46 1.5
Ethane 33 40 1.2
Ethyl Ether 38 46 1.5
Ethyl Alcohol 36 43 1.3

Ethylene 41 49 1.6
Ethylene Dichloride 21 25 1.0
Ethylene Oxide 44 53 1.75
Gasoline 28 34 1.0
Hexane 29 35 1.1
Hydrogen 62 74 3.2
Isobutane 30 36 1.1
Kerosene 28 34 1.0
Methane 25 30 1.0
Methyl Alcohol 26 31 1.0
Pentane 29 35 1.1
Propane 30 36 1.1
Propylene 30 36 1.1
Quench, Lube Oils 28 34 1.0

Notes: 1. The theoretical minimum extinguishing concentrations in air for

the above materials were obtained from Bureau of Mines Limits
of Flammability of Gases and Vapors (Bulletin 503). Those
marked with an asterisk were calculated from accepted residual
oxygen values.
2. These values were calculated from Fig. 2.3.4 of NFPA 12.
3.2.4 Carbon Dioxide Requirements for Deep-seated Fires
a. The flooding factors specified in Tab1e 3-3 result from practical

tests for specific hazards under average use and storage
conditions. The quantity of carbon dioxide obtained by using
Table 3-3 is based on reasonably tight enclosures, i.e. well fitting
self-closing closures and doors that are not normally locked open,
because the concentration is required to be held for a period of not
less than 30 minutes. A much longer period of holding time may
be required in some cases to ensure that all smoulding fire is
extinguished and material is sufficiently cooled to prevent re-
ignition.
b. Special Conditions
Additional quantities of carbon dioxide shall be added to

compensate for any condition that may adversely affect the
efficiency of the extinguishing system. See Section 3.2.3.e.
TABLE 3-3 Flooding Factors for Specific Hazards

(BS 5306)
Design Flooding
Type of Hazard Concentration Factors
(percent, V/V) kg/m²
Electrical Hazards
a High voltage substation equipment (Switchgear,
Transformer, Control & Relay Panels)
b Dry electrical wiring (Cable basement and Cable
trenches)
c Electrical insulating materials
d Enclosed rotating equipment (Diesel generating 50 1.35
set, Pumps, Compressors)

Computer Installations
a Central processing area and equipment 53 1.5
Data Processing
a Tape controlled machinery & tape storage 68 2.25
Stores
a Record stores and archives for paper documents 65 2.00
NOTE: 1. Flooding factors for other deep-seated fires shall be agreed with
SEC.
2. Flooding factors shown are based on an expansion ratio of 0.52

m³/kg at 10ºC.
3.2.5 Rates of Application
a. General
The time recommended below are considered adequate for the

usual surface or deep-seated fire. When the materials involved are
likely to give a higher spread of fire, rates higher than the
minimum shall be used. Where the hazard contains material that
will produce surface and deep-seated fires, the rate of application
shall be at least the minimum required for surface fires.
b. For surface fires, the design concentration shall be achieved

within 1 minute.
c. For deep seated fires, the design concentration shall be achieved

within 7 minutes but the rate shall not be less than that required to
develop a concentration of 30 percent in 2 minutes.

3.2.6 Extended Discharge
Application
The extended discharge method involves a high initial rate of agent

discharge followed by a reduced rate for a sufficient period of time to
maintain the design concentration. The reduced rate of discharge shall be
a function of the leakage rate thru unclosable openings and the flow rate
of the ventilating system that cannot be shutdown and/or closed.
This method shall be applied to enclosed rotating electrical apparatus

such as generators and alternators and to normal total flooding systems
where suitable.
a. Rotating Electrical Machinery
For enclosed rotating machinery, the initial discharge quantity

shall not be less than 1.6 k per cubic meter of enclosed space up to
57 m³. For larger volumes, 1.3 kg per cubic meter of enclosed
space or a minimum of 91 kg (200 lb) of carbon dioxide shall be
used. The minimum design concentration shall be achieved within
the time limits specified in Section 3.2.5. A minimum 30 percent
concentration shall be maintained for the deceleration period of
the machine of not less than 20 minutes. Table 3-4 may be used as
a guide to estimate the quantity of gas needed for the extended
discharge required to maintain the minimum concentration.
The quantities are based on the internal volume of the machine

and the deceleration time assuming average leakage. For
dampered, non-recirculating type machines, 35 percent shall be
added to the quantities indicated in Table 3-4.

TABLE 3-4
Extended Discharge Gas Quantities for Enclosed Recirculation
Rotating Electrical Machines
(NFPA 12)
(Cubic Meters Protected for Deceleration Time)

3.2.7 Quantity of Carbon Dioxide
a. The amount of carbon dioxide in the system shall be that which is

sufficient for the largest single hazard to be protected, or group of
hazards to be protected simultaneously.
b. The determined quantity of carbon dioxide required for

extinguishing installation shall be available at all times and shall
not be used for other purposes.
c. Where more than one zone is protected by a bank of storage

cylinders by means of directional valves, or where there is a need
to provide protection at all times, a reserve bank of containers
shall be provided. The reserve bank shall be equal in quantity to
the primary bank and shall be permanently connected to the fixed
piping installation.
3.2.8 Multiple Hazard Protection
a. When two or more hazards may be simultaneously involved in a

fire by reason of their proximity, each hazard shall be protected
with an individual system with the combination arranged to
operate simultaneously, or be protected with a single system that
shall be sized and arranged to discharge on all hazards
simultaneously. The quantity of agent stored for fire fighting
purposes shall comply with section 3.2.7.
b. When the possibility of simultaneous fires occurring in two or

more hazard areas is nil, a single system providing a multiple risk
protection shall be sized based on the largest single hazard. A
common bank of storage cylinders containing the agent
requirement of the largest hazard zone shall be provided. The
distribution piping system shall be arranged to control and direct
the discharge of carbon dioxide to each hazard zone. This shall be
accomplished by:
i. Installation of check valve in the distribution manifold to

isolate the number of cylinders required by the smaller
zone such that the discharge of agent from the cylinders
corresponding to any zone other than the largest zone will
not actuate the rest of the cylinders.
ii. Installation of directional valve for each distribution

system protecting a hazard area to direct the discharge of
carbon dioxide agent to the appropriate zone. (See Section
5.8.5)

c. Each set of cylinders designated for each zone shall be provided

with electrically operated valve actuators per Section 5.3.2. An
alarm signal from the fire detectors monitoring a zone initiates the
opening of the directional valve controlling the zone and actuates
the release of carbon dioxide agent from the corresponding
number of cylinders.
3.3 Methods of Actuation
3.3.1 Automatic Actuation
The carbon dioxide total flooding system shall have automatic means of
actuation. The fire detection and alarm system designed in accordance
with the applicable requirements of TES-B-106.01, Fire Alarm System,
shall control the programmed automatic actuation of the carbon dioxide
total flooding system.
Automatic fire detectors arranged in a dual-zone dependency (cross-

zoning) shall initiate the automatic actuation of the extinguishing system.
The alarm signaling system shall be designed to indicate the programmed
sequence of operation of the automatic actuation as follows:
a. The operation of one or more fire detectors from one circuit

activates the two-tone warning alarm and places the extinguishing
system in the “Alarm Mode”.
b. The operation of one or more fire detectors from a second circuit

places the extinguishing system in the “Predischarge” mode,
activated the “predischarge” alarm and starts countdown of the
30-second time delay. The HVAC equipment shutdown, the
closure of fire/smoke dampers and the power supply cut-off to any
building services which may impair the performance of the
extinguishing system shall be arranged to take place at the
“Predischarge” mode.
c. The extinguishing system shall discharge immediately after the

expiration of the 30-second time delay unless stopped by the
operation of the “Abort” switch (see section 5.7). A continuous
alarm signal distinct from the predischarge” alarm signal shall
operate to indicate the “Discharged” status of the extinguishing
system. (See Section 5.6.5).

3.3.2 Manual Actuation
The manual actuation of the carbon dioxide total flooding system shall be
provided by the following:
a. A remote electric manual release unit, usually a punch-button or

key operated station housed in a break glass type of enclosure.
The operation of this device overrides cross-zoning, places the
extinguishing system at “Predischarge” mode and starts
countdown of the 30-second time delay.
b. A device similar to 3.3.2(a) except that it is mounted on the

control unit. The operation of this device shall also initiate the
manual actuation of the extinguishing system in a manner similar
to section 3.3.2(a).
c. Emergency local manual controls incorporated with the automatic

actuators of the storage cylinder valves. The operation of these
controls shall override the programmed automatic actuation and
immediately discharge the extinguishing agent.
The remote releasing for the manual actuation of the carbon dioxide total
flooding system shall be installed in an accessible location outside of the
protected area so that it shall be clearly accessible at all times, including
the time of fire.
The manual releasing device shall be clearly labeled and identified so that
it cannot be mistaken for a standard fire alarm manual station. When the
releasing devices for more than one system are located in the same place,
each device shall be properly labeled to identify the system that is
controlled by each releasing device.
3.4 Pipe Sizing
3.4.1 Hydraulic Calculations
a. The objective of the hydraulic calculations is to determine the

optimum pipe sizes and nozzle orifice sizes that will effectively
discharge the required flow rate at each nozzle and provide the
design concentration in the protected area
b. The hydraulic calculations shall be based on the following criteria:

i. The flow of carbon dioxide shall be considered a two-

phase flow. The equation below or its derived curves shall
be used for pressure drop calculations:
Where:
Q = flow rate, kg/min

D = inside pipe diameter, mm
L = total equivalent length of line, m
Y & Z are factors depending on storage and line
pressure.
The above equation can be re-arranged as:
By plotting the values of L/ D1.25 and Q/D², it is possible

to use one family of curves for any pipe size. The curves
can be used for designing the pipeline system for carbon
dioxide total flooding system and for checking possible
flow rates. (See figure 3-1 (a) and Figure 3-1(b).
ii. For high pressure system, the storage pressure to be used

for hydraulic calculations shall be 51.7 bars (750 psia),
based on a storage temperature of 21ْC (70ْF)
iii. The design nozzle pressure at 21°C storage shall not be

less than 20.7 bars (300 psia).
iv. The carbon dioxide discharge time shall be in accordance

with Section 3.2.5.
v. The equivalent lengths of container valves dip tubes,

flexible connectors, selector valves and other installed
piping equipment through which the agent flows shall be
obtained from approved laboratory listing for each
individual component. The equivalent length of standard
threaded and welded pipe fittings are listed on Table 3-6
and Table 3-7 respectively. For practical purposes the
values given may be used for both Schedule 40 and
Schedule 80 wall thickness.

vi. The elevation correction factors listed on Table 3-8 shall be

applied when there is substantial elevation changes. The
correction factor is subtracted from the terminal pressure
when the flow is upward and added to the terminal pressure
when the flow is downward.
FIGURE 3-1(a)
Pressure Drop in CO2 Pipeline for 51.7 bars Storage Pressure
(Metric Units)

FIGURE 3-1(b)
Pressure Drop in CO2 Pipeline for 750 psia Storage Pressure
(English Units)

TABLE 3-5
Values of D, D1.25 and D² for Steel Pipe Sizes
Nominal
D, mm D1.25mm1.25 D2mm2
Pipe Sizes
mm Std Wt. Sch 80 Std Wt. Sch 80 Std Wt. Sch 80
20 15.8 31.5 249.64
25 20.93 44.76 438.06
32 26.64 24.30 60.53 53.97 709.69 590.49
40 35.05 32.46 85.29 77.48 1228.64 1053.65
50 40.89 38.10 103.41 94.65 1672.00 1451.61
63 52.50 49.25 141.32 130.47 275625 2425.26
75 62.71 59.00 174.48 163.53 3932.54 3481.00
90 77.93 73.66 231.53 215.79 6073.08 5425.79
110 102.26 97.18 325.18 305.12 10457.10 9443.95
165 154.05 146.33 542.76 508.94 23731.40 21412.47
TABLE 3-6
Equivalent Length of Threaded Pipe Fittings
Nominal Elbow Std Elbow std 90° Elbow 90° long Tee (Side flow) Union coupling
Pipe Sizes 45 ° m m rad and tee m or gate wall m
mm (through flow) m
10 0.18 0.40 0.24 0.82 0.09
20 0.24 0.52 0.30 1.0 0.12
25 0.30 0.67 0.43 1.4 0.15
32 0.40 0.85 0.55 1.7 0.18
40 0.52 1.1 0.70 2.3 0.24
50 0.61 1.3 0.82 2.7 0.27
63 0.79 1.7 1.1 3.41 0.37
75 0.94 2.0 1.2 4.08 043
90 1.2 2.5 106 5.06 0.55
110 1.5 3.26 2.0 6.64 0.73
165 2.3 4.94 3.08 10.0 1.1

TABLE 3-7
Equivalent Length of Welded Pipe Fittings
Nominal Elbow Std Elbow std Elbow 90° long rad Tee (Side Union coupling
Pipe Sizes 45 ° m 90° m and tee (through flow) flow) or gate wall
mm m m m
10 0.06 0.21 0.15 0.49 0.09
20 0.09 0.24 0.21 0.64 0.12
25 0.12 0.33 0.27 0.85 0.15
32 0.15 0.43 0.33 1.1 0.18
40 0.21 0.55 0.46 1.4 0.24
50 0.24 0.64 0.52 1.6 0.27
63 0.30 0.85 0.67 2.1 0.37
75 0.37 1.0 0.82 2.5 043
90 0.46 1.2 1.0 3.11 0.55
110 0.61 1.6 1.3 4.08 0.73
165 0.91 2.5 2.0 6.16 1.1
TABLE 3-8
Elevation Correction Factors for High Pressure Systems

51.7 bars (750 psia)

TABLE 3-9
Equivalent Orifice Area for High Pressure Storage

51.7 bars (750 psia)

TABLE 3-10
Equivalent Orifice Sizes

3.4.2 Calculation Procedures
Example Problem
A. Determine the pipe size for a high pressure system distribution

piping consisting of a single line with a single discharge nozzle.
The total length from storage cylinders to nozzle is 380 meters.
The required system flow rate is 650 kg/min of CO2.
1. Data.
Q = 650 kg/min.
L = total length of pipeline is 380 meters.
2. Select a preliminary pipeline size.

Using figure 3-1(a), at minimum terminal pressure of 20.7
bars, Q/D2 = 0.26 when L/D1.25 = 1.50.
Q/D2 = 0.26
(consider a 2 inch NPS, Sch 80 pipe. D = 49.25mm)
3. Consider using a 2 – inch NPS, Sch 80 pipe.
D = 49.25mm (From Table 3-5)
D1.25 = 130.47 mm1.25
D2 = 2425.56 mm2.
From figure 3-1(a), L/D1.25 = 1.55 when Q/D2 is 0.268.and

the nozzle pressure is 20.7 bars. The allowable total
equivalent length of a 2- inch NPS pipeline La, is calculated
as:
La = 1.55 x 130.47 = 202.23 meters. This is less than the

actual total equivalent, La' of the pipeline which is
approximately 380 x 1.10 = 418 meters. (Assume 10 percent
of the total equivalent length is due to pipeline fittings and
accessories). Select the next large pipe size, 2-1/2 inch NPS.

4. Consider using a 2-1/2 inch NPS, Sch 80 pipe.
D = 59 mm
D1.25 = 163.53 mm1.25
D2 = 3481 mm2
5. Determine allowable total equivalent length, La, for a 2-1/2

inch NPS pipeline.
Using fig. 3-1(a), L/D1.25 = 3.1 at Q/D2 is 0.1867 and nozzle

pressure is 20.7 bars.
La = 3.1 x 163.52 = 506.91 meters.
6. Calculate the actual total equivalent, La', of the 2-1/2 inch

pipeline. (For this example, assume 10 percent of the
straight pipe length represents line fittings and accessories.)
La' = 380 x 1.10 = 413 meters.
La' is less than La. The 2-1/2-inch NPS pipe is acceptable.
7. Determine the actual nozzle pressure, PN.
Using figure 3-1(a), PN = 35 bars. (This is greater than the

minimum allowable terminal pressure of 20.7 bars.)
8. Calculate the required equivalent orifice size. From 3-9, the

discharge rate at 35 bars terminal pressure will be 1.308
kg/min/ mm2. The required equivalent orifice area (Ao), is
calculated as follows:

From Table 3-10 the orifice code number 32 has an

equivalent orifice area of 506.45 mm2. The standard nozzle
with an equivalent orifice area nearest the calculated value
shall be selected. If the selected orifice area is larger than
the calculated, the flow rate will be slightly higher and the
nozzle pressures will be slightly lower than 35 bars.
B. If the pipeline above terminates into two branches each with

a discharge nozzle, determine the branch line size and the
orifice size. Length of branch line is 20 meters.
1) Consider using a 1-1/2-inch NPS. Sch 80 pipe.
D = 33.10 mm
D1.25 = 94.654 mm1.25
D2 = 1451.61 mm2.
650 / 2
Q/D² = = 0.224
1451.61
2) Determine the equivalent L/D1.25 for a single line, 1-1/2-inch
NPS originating from the storage cylinders to the end of the
main line.
Using Figure 3-1(a), L/D1.25 is 1.65 when Q/D2 is 0.224 and

the terminal pressure at main line is 35 bars.
3) Calculate the allowable L/D1.25 for this line if the nozzle

pressure is 20.7 bars and Q/D2 is 0.224. Using Figure 3-
1(a), L/D1.25 =2.20
4) Determine the allowable total equivalent length, Lb, due to

the branch line.
L/D1.25 due to branch = 2.20 – 1.65 = 0.55

Lb = 0.55 x 94.65 = 52.05 meters.
The actual total equivalent length of the branch line, Lb,

based on a 1-1/2-inch NPS line is 22 meters. (For this
example, assume 10 percent of the total length represents
the equivalent length of line fittings and accessories).
Lb’ is less than Lb. Branch line size of 1-1/2-inch NPS is

acceptable.

5) Determine the nozzle pressure, PN, based on a 1-1/2-inch

NPS branch line.
22
Lb’/D1.25 = = 0.232
94.55
Total L/D1.25 = 1.65 + 0.232 = 1.882
Using Figure 3-1(a), PN = 29.6 bars.
6) Determine the required equivalent orifice size.
From Talbe 3-9, the discharge rate at a nozzle pressure of

29.6 bars is 1.096 kg/min/mm2. The equivalent orifice area,
Ao, is calculated as follows:
325
Ao = =296.53 mm2
1.096
From Table 3-10-, the orifice code number 24 with an
equivalent orifice area of 285.03 mm2 will be selected.
3.5 Safety Requirement
3.5.1 General
Suitable safeguards shall be provided to protect persons in areas where the

atmosphere maybe made hazardous by the leakage or discharge, either
planned or accidental, of carbon dioxide from the fire extinguishing
system.
3.5.2 Safety Lock-off Controls
The control system of the fire suppression system shall be equipped with a
lock-off control which can render the extinguishing system operable only
by manual control. Entry into the protected space for maintenance or
inspection purposes shall normally be made after the system has been
placed under manual control. The system shall be returned to fully
automatic control after completion of maintenance and/or inspection work.
The lock-off control shall not interrupt the operation of the detection
equipment and the fire alarm sounders.

3.5.3 Protection from Accidental Release of Gas
a. In order to guard against accidental release of the CO2 gas from the
storage cylinders, the carbon dioxide supply shall, where
practicable, be isolated by means of a normally closed, monitored
automatic valve in the feed line. This valve shall open only on
signal from the automatic detection equipment or the manual
release system.
b. Manual release push-buttons and pull-handles shall be housed in

breakglass type of enclosures. For greater protection, the release
shall be a key-operated switch with the operating key retained in an
adjacent breakglass enclosure.
3.5.4 Audible and Visual Alarms
a. Hazard area protected by carbon dioxide total flooding system shall

be provided with a staged alarm signaling system and a 30-second
time delay to permit the safe evacuation of personnel from the
occupied area prior to the discharge of the system. (See Section
5.6.5).
b. Warning and instructional signs, in both English and Arabic

languages, shall be posted at each entry into the protected area
indicating the area is protected by CO2 total flooding system and
explaining the meaning of the alarm signaling system.
c. A visual indication of the extinguishing system status shall be

provided at all entrances of the hazard area protected by CO2 total
flooding system (See Section 5.6.4).
3.5.5 Area Ventilation
A means of ventilating protected areas after a discharge of CO2 shall be

provided. Care shall be taken to ensure that post-fire atmosphere is not
ventilated into other parts of the building.

3.5.6 Exits
Escape routes and exits shall be provided, clearly identified, properly

illuminated and kept clear at all times in accordance with the Life Safety
Code, NFPA 101. Emergency exits shall be marked by door "Exit" signs
and access to the exits shall be marked by directional "Exit" signs (signs
with directional arrows) whenever the exit is not readily visible to the
building occupant. The placement of directional signs shall be such that the
exit shall not be more than 30 meters from the nearest visible sign.
The door "Exit" signs and all directional "Exit" signs shall have the
appropriate wording, in both English and Arabic, written in plain legible
letters not less than 152 mm high and the principal strokes of letters not
less than 191 mm wide. All signs shall be suitably illuminated by a reliable
primary power supply and connected to the emergency lighting system
which shall provide automatically the required illumination in case of
failure of the primary power supply.
3.5.7 Electrical Clearances
Where carbon dioxide total flooding systems are to be installed in

substations buildings containing high-voltage equipment (control building,
switchgear building, transformer room) the required clearances per TES-P-
119.16, Substation Clearances, and the National Electrical Safety Code,
ANSI C2 must be complied with.
3.5.8 Grounding of Piping System
To minimize the risk of electrostatic discharge, all carbon dioxide

pipework shall be effectively grounded in accordance with Article 250 of
the NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.
3.5.9 Services
All services within the enclosure, e.g. fuel supplies, heating appliances, and
paint spraying, that are likely to impair the efficiency of the extinguishing
system, shall be shut down prior to the discharge of the carbon dioxide
agent.

3.5.10 Personnel Training
All personnel working in the area shall be made familiar with the following
information on carbon dioxide total flooding system:
a. the sequence of operation including the operation of the control unit

and other control devices such as the "Abort" switch, the "Disable"
switch and the emergency release units.
b. the meaning of the alarm signaling system as described in Section

5.6.5.
c. the emergency steps to be taken to confront a fire situation, i.e., the

use of appropriate portable fire extinguishers, notification of outside
fire fighting units and evacuation procedures.
d. the steps for evacuating the protected areas as soon as the agent
discharges, the time exposure limitation to carbon dioxide agent
and the exposure hazards.
Personnel training can be achieved by conducting seminars and

training programs, by the use of instructional signs posted on
strategic locations and by conducting regular fire drills. These
problems shall be coordinated with the COMPANY
REPRESENTATIVE.
3.6 Functional Tests
The CO2 total flooding system shall have the capability for fully testing the
complete installation including the detection and alarm signaling functions,
supervisory functions, agent release controls, power supplies, HVAC equipment
shutdown and other auxiliary functions associated with the system. The system
shall be designed in such a manner that the functional test can be performed
without the actual discharge of the extinguishing agent or disconnection of the
agent supply.

4.0 APPLICATIONS
4.1 General
Carbon dioxide total flooding systems are suitable for installations in hazard areas
with enclosures complying with Section 3.2.2.
Types of fires that can be effectively extinguished by carbon dioxide total flooding
systems are:
a) surface fires involving flammable liquids, gases and solids.
b) deep seated fires involving solids subject to smouldering.
4.2 Advantages of Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide systems are generally considered useful for the following types of
hazards:
a) where a clean agent is required.
b) where an electrically nonconductive agent is required due to the presence

of live electrical or electronic circuits.
c) where the hazard area contains a process or equipment of high value and
the use of conventional extinguishing agents might cause extensive damage
and downtime.
4.3 Typical Applications
Carbon dioxide total flooding systems are commonly employed to provide

protection for the following specific hazards:
a) Electrical and Electronic Equipment
1) Turbine Drive and Hydro-generators
2) Oil Circuit Breaker Rooms
3) Transformer Rooms
4) Switchboard Rooms

5) Master Control Rooms
6) Regulator Rooms
7) Communication Rooms
8) Computer Rooms
b) Carbonaceous Materials
1) Record Vaults
2) Tracing Storage Room
3) Blueprint Vaults
c) Flammable Liquids
1) Paint Storage and Spray Booths
2) Oil Storage and Oil Purification Rooms
3) Diesel-Generating Sets
4) Pump Rooms

5.0 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
5.1 General
5.1.1 All components of the carbon dioxide total flooding system including the
agent storage and distribution equipment, fire detection and alarm
equipment, actuation devices and accessories shall be listed and approved
by accredited testing organizations acceptable to SEC.
5.1.2 All operating devices necessary to control the flow of the extinguishing
agent and to operate associated equipment shall be designed for the
intended service and shall not be readily rendered inoperative or
susceptible to accidental operation. These include storage cylinders,
valves, directional valves, automatic and manual controls, pressure trips
and switches, discharge nozzles and associated instrumentation and control
devices.
5.1.3 All equipment shall be normally designed to function properly in the

temperature range - 0˚C to 55˚C and 100 percent relative humidity.
5.1.4 All devices, especially those with external moving parts, shall be located,
installed or suitably protected so that they are not subject to mechanical,
chemical or other injury that will render them inoperative.
5.1.5 Depending on the system design, the fire alarm system operating voltage
shall be either 24 volts or 12 volts dc. All electrically operated components
and control devices of the system such as fire detectors and manual
stations, manual release units, valve actuators, audible and visual alarm
devices, abort switches and pressure switches shall have electrical ratings
compatible with the system operating voltage.
5.2 Storage Cylinders
5.2.1 Construction
The cylinders shall be rechargeable and suitable for high pressure storage
of carbon dioxide equivalent to 5,860 kPa at 21˚C (850 psig at 70˚F).
The cylinders shall have a service rating of 19,000 kPa (2755 psi). They
shall be of welded construction, fabricated of high-strength alloy steel, in
accordance with the US Department of Transportation Specifications DOT-
3A, 3AA-1800 and the ASME Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels. The
cylinders shall be color coded in accordance with TES-H-107.02.

5.2.2 Cylinder Charge
The cylinder charging pressure shall be 5,860 kPa at 21˚C (850 psig at
70˚F) with a filling density of not more than 68 percent of its water
capacity.
5.2.3 Installation
a. Each cylinder in a multiple cylinder installation shall be fitted with

an extra-heavy flexible hose for connection to the manifold shall be
provided with a check valve to enable individual cylinders to be
removed from the system without the loss of agent and interruption
of protection.
b. The storage cylinders, including all valves, release mechanism and

other accessories, shall be located in a room not exposed to fire, but
as near as possible to the hazard or areas to be protected.
c. The storage cylinders shall be protected from direct sunlight and

unauthorized interference.
d. The general ambient storage temperatures shall not exceed 46˚C or

be less than 0˚C.
e. The storage cylinders shall be mounted securely with brackets or

cylinder frames. The mounting frame for multiple cylinder
installation shall incorporate a weighing facility to permit weighing
of each cylinder from the manifold. Cylinders manifolded together
shall be of the same size and weight.
5.3 Cylinder Discharge Assembly
5.3.1 Cylinder Valve
The cylinder valve shall be a pressure-operated discharge vavle of the

pressure seat type. The valve body shall be designed for a working pressure
of 19,000 kPa (2755 psi). The valve body shall be of forged brass
construction with pressure seat, a discharge outlet, pressure safety relief
and a filling inlet, each being separate and independent of the others. The
cylinder valve shall have provisions for attachments of automatic or
manual types of actuating mechanism and field recharge of the cylinder.
The cylinder valve shall be listed by Underwriter Laboratories Inc. (UL)
and approved by the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FM).

5.3.2 Valve Actuator
In installation of one or two cylinders, one of the cylinder discharge valves

shall be fitted with an electrically operated valve actuator called "control
head". The electrically operated actuator or "control head" interfaces with
the fire detection equipment for the automatic release of the system. The
valve actuator shall be compatible with the control unit.
The valve actuator shall be continous duty type. It shall incorporate a

device to permit manual release of the system which can override the
program autmatic actuation. The valve actuator shall be UL listed and FM
approved.
The multiple cylinder installations (installation with more than two

sylinders), two sylinders shall be provided with electrically operated
"control heads". The release of the CO2 agent from the two "control
cylinders" triggers the dicharge valves of the rest of the cylinders.
5.4 Discharge Nozzle
5.4.1 Selection of Nozzles
Discharge nozzles for use in total flooding systems shall be capable of

discharging high volume of the CO2 agent at low velocity without agent
freezing. The nozzles shall be UL listed and approved for their intended
applications in carbon dioxide total flooding system of fire suppression.
5.4.2 Construction
The orifice and associated horn, shield or baffle shall be of adequate

strength to withstand expected working pressures. The orifice shall be
constructed of corrosion resistant material. The threaded inlet connection
shall be in accordance with ANSI B2.1
5.4.3 Nozzle Sizes
Total flooding discharge nozzles such as baffle nozzles and multidischarge

nozzles shall be sized to deliver the proper flow rate requirements of the
system. The nozzles shall be permanently marked to identify the nozzle and
show the equivalent single orifice diameter regardless of shape and number
of orifices.

5.4.4 Nozzle Accessories
Discharge nozzles shall be provided with frangible discs or blow-out caps

to prevent clogging. These devices shall provide an unobstructed opening
upon system operation.
5.4.5 Nozzle Installation
The spacing, positioning and installation of the discharge nozzles for

carbon dioxide total flooding system shall be in accordance with their listed
performance characteristics.
5.5 Automatic Fire Detectors
5.5.1 General
The fire detectors shall be compatible with the control and indicating unit
and shall be wired in Class A circuits. Fire detectors of different types shall
be compatible for wiring in the same circuit.
5.5.2 Smoke Detectors
Smoke detectors shall comply with the applicable requirements of UL 268

and/or EN 54: Part 7 (published as BS 5445: Part 7). Smoke detectors shall
be equipped with a thermostatic element with a fixed temperature setting of
57.2˚C (135˚F).
a. Ionization smoke detectors shall be of the dual-chamber type.
b. Optical smoke detectors shall be of the light-scattering principle.
5.5.3 Selector Switch
The selector switch shall be a two-pole double-throw switch in a surface-

mounted sheet metal enclosure with indications of the primary and reserve
switch positions of the CO2 cylinder banks. The selector switch is
employed to direct the detection equipment signals to either the primary or
reserve supply.

5.6 Control and Indicating Equipment
5.6.1 Control Unit
a. The control unit shall be listed by the Underwriters' Laboratory Inc.

(UL) and approved by the Factory Mutual Research Corp. (FM) for
carbon dioxide total flooding system. It shall comply with the
applicable requirements of TES-B-106.01, Fire Detection and
Alarm Systems and UL 864.
b. The control unit shall be modular in construction and suitable for

multizone application with adequate number of fire detector
circuits, alarm device circuits and extinguishing release circuits.
The control unit shall be capable of operating fire detectors wired in
a cross-zone configuration. The control unit shall be compatible for
Class A wiring of fire detector circuits and extinguishing release
circuits.
c. The control unit shall incorporate a solid state field programmable

time delay which is adjustable from 0 to 60 seconds, and a fully
supervised "Abort" switch of the momentary type.
d. The control unit shall be equipped with a supervised key-operated

manual release to initiate the manual actuation of the extinguishing
system. The operation of the manual release immediately places
the system at "Predischarge" mode and starts the count down of the
30-second time delay.
e. The control unit shall be provided with a supervised key-operated

container "Disable" switch. The operation of the device isolates the
extinguishing release circuits but does not interfere with the
detector circuits and alarm device circuits.
The "Disable" switch facilitates testing and maintenance of the

system without discharging the extinguishing agent. The operation
of the "Disable" switch actuates the supervisory trouble buzzer.
f. The control unit shall be equipped with the following control

devices in addition to those mentioned above:
i. A "Reset" switch for resetting the control unit from the

alarm or fault condition to normal condition. The operation
of the "RESET" shall restore the system to normal
supervisory condition.

ii. A "Silence Alarm" switch, which when closed, shall

disconnect the fire alarm devices and automatically transfer
the signal to the supervisory buzzer which shall continue to
sound until the system is reset or silenced by the "Trouble
Silence" switch.
iii. A "Trouble Silence" switch to silence the audible trouble

signal. The operation of the "Trouble Silence" switch shall
not cancel the visual indication of a fault condition which
remains lighted until the trouble is corrected and the system
is returned to normal. Fault signals caused by troubles in the
extinguishing releases and associated circuits and by the
operation of the release "Disable" switch shall not be
silenced by the "Trouble Silence" switch. All other troubles
shall be silenceable.
iv. A "Disconnect" switch to prevent transmission of a fire

alarms signal to the main fire alarm control panel (if any)
and/or the remote manned central station whenever a
communication to such station is provided.
The control devices listed above shall be key-operated

switches with the key removable only in the normal
position. The control devices shall be mounted on the
control panel facia and shall be accessible without opening
the control panel. The operation of these control switches to
the non-normal position during normal supervisory
condition shall actuate the supervisory trouble buzzer.
v. A "Fire Drill" switch to activate general alarm when

conducting a fire drill. The operation of this key-operated
switch shall not actuate the extinguishing release
mechanism of the agent containers.
vi. A "Lamp Test" switch for testing all fire, fault and function
lamp indicators. The operation of this momentary type
switch shall turn on simultaneously all LED lamp indicators.
g. The control unit shall have provisions for HVAC equipment

shutdown, fire damper closure and other smoke control systems.
h. The control unit shall have provisions for interfacing with the main
fire alarm control panel and/or the remote manned central station.

i. The control unit shall provide full supervision of all fire detector
circuits, alarm device circuits, extinguishing release devices and
associated circuits, CO2 system pressure, abort switches and trouble
circuitry. The control unit shall include provision for supervision of
ground faults and open circuits on all field wiring. In addition, the
alarm output loop shall be supervised for shorts. Automatic
indication of these troubles shall be given in accordance with TES-
B-106.01, Fire Detection and Alarm Systems.
j. The control unit shall have a nominal input power supply rating of
220V/127V ac, single phase, 60 hertz.
The control unit shall be equipped with an automatic standby

(emergency) power supply consisting of sealed lead-acid secondary
batteries and a matching battery charger to supply the power
requirements of the system in case of failure of the normal ac
power. The standby power supply shall be of sufficient capacity to
operate the system including the detection, alarm, actuation and
supervisory functions for a period of not less than 72 hours.
k. The control unit shall be enclosed in surface mounted sheet steel

cabinet with a key-locked hinged over. The cabinet shall be sized
so that the batteries may be located in the same enclosure. All
terminal strips which have more than 24 volts dc such as power
supply input and auxiliary relays shall have protective covers for
personnel protection. The ac power input within the panel shall be
protected by a circuit breaker. Fuses are unacceptable.
5.6.2 Remote Manual Release Unit
The manual release unit shall be either the push-button or key operates
station enclosed in a surface-mounting type of enclosure with a break glass
front. The release unit shall be compatible with the control unit and shall be
UL listed or FM approved. The operation of the manual release unit shall
override cross-zoning and immediately places the extinguishing system in
the “Predischarge” mode.
The unit shall be installed in an accessible location outside of the protected

area and prominently labeled “Manual Tripping of Carbon Dioxide
System”.

5.6.3 External Response Indicator
Fire detectors installed in concealed spaces such as false floors and

ceilings, cables ducts, air ducts and switchgear cabinets shall be provided
with remote response indicators to indicate their operation. Access panels
shall be provided in the vicinity of detectors that are mounted in ceiling or
floor spaces to allow for maintenance and inspection
The external response indicator shall be capable of parallel indication of up

to four fire detectors. The unit shall have a molded plastic housing for
surface mounting.
5.6.4 Overdoor Indicator
The overdoor indictor shall be of the surface-mounting type and shall be

installed on each door of the protected room to give visual indication of the
following extinguishing system status:
System on Automatic/Manual
System on Manual
CO2 Discharged
The lighting fixture shall be red in color with the warning signs written
both in English and Arabic languages. The overdoor indictor shall include
an alarm device to give audible indication of the “discharged” condition of
the CO2 system.
5.6.5 Alarm Signaling Devices
The alarm signaling system for a carbon dioxide total flooding system shall
include at least three audible alarm circuits to give a clear indication of the
extinguishing system status, i.e., “Alarm”, “Predischarge” and
“Discharged” modes. The following types of audible alarm devices shall b
used to indicate a distinctive signal for each level of alarm:
a. The “Alarm” mode shall be given by an alarm horn with a two-tone

capability. The alarm horn shall have a minimum sound power level
of 97 db (A) measured at 1.0 meter.
b. The “Predischarge” mode shall be indicated by an alarm bell with a

continuous ringing. The alarm bell shall have a 250 mm gong and
shall have a minimum sound power level of 97 db (A) measured at
1.0 meter.

c. The “Discharge” mode shall be indicated by an alarm horn with a

continuous tone. The alarm horn shall have a minimum sound
power level of 100 db (A) measured at 1.0 meter.
The above audible alarm devices shall be located inside the protected area
preferably adjacent to the control and indicating unit. They shall be
compatible with the control and indicating unit and shall be UL listed
and/or FM approved.
The audible alarm device circuits shall be wired in supervised class B

circuits.
5.6.6 Remote annunciator Unit
A remote annunciator unit of the surface mounting type shall be installed in

a constantly manned location within the premises to give audible and visual
indications of fire and fault signals. The remote anunciator shall be UL
listed. It shall be equipped with a silencing switch to cancel the audible
signal but not the visual indication. The visual indication shall be cancelled
only be resetting the fire suppression control unit.
5.6.7 Zone Drawings
Zone drawings shall be provided and installed adjacent to the fire

suppression system control unit showing the physical arrangement of the
protected zone(s) and the location of detectors and control devices for
quick assessment of an alarm or fault condition. The zone drawings shall
be color coded, suitably protected and mounted in an aluminum frame with
clear glass front.
5.7 Abort Switch
The “abort” switch shall be of the "dead-man" type, fully supervised and UL
listed. It shall be capable of preventing discharge of the extinguishing agent if held
in the “abort” position. An indicating light shall be integral with the abort switch to
indicate clearly that the hazard area is in the “abort” mode. Audible and visual
alarms shall operate at the control panel upon any “abort” condition or fault in the
“abort” circuitry.
The abort switch shall be prominently labeled and installed in an accessible

location inside the protected area if the protected area is normally occupied. It shall
be employed to stop the discharge of the extinguishing agent in cases of:
1. False alarm.
2. Rapid detection and control of incipient

5.8 Distribution Piping
5.8.1 General
a. Piping shall be noncombustible and able to withstand the expected

pressures and temperatures without damage.
b. Pipe and fittings for high-pressure supply system shall have a

minimum bursting pressure of 34,475 KPa (5000 psig).
c. Threaded steel pipe and fittings shall be galvanized inside and out.
d. Piping shall be painted per TES-H-107.01 and color coded per

TES-H-107.02.
5.8.2 Pipe
Closed sections of the Piping System for high-pressure supply system shall
be in accordance with the following schedule:
a. Carbon steel, ASTM A-53 or ASTM A-106, schedule 40for sizes

up to 25mm. When used with threaded fittings, the minimum pipe
wall thickness shall be schedule 80.
b. Carbon steel, ASTM A-53 or ASTM A-106, schedule 80 for other

sizes.
5.8.3 Open-ended Sections of Piping System.
a. Carbon steel, ASTM A-53 or ASTM A-106, Schedule 40, for sizes
up to and including 25mm. When used with threaded fittings, the
minimum pipe wall thickness shall be schedule 80.
b. Carbon steel ASTM A-53 or ASTM A-106, Schedule 80 for larger

sizes.

5.8.4 Fittings
a. Closed Sections of Piping System
i. Forged Steel fittings, threaded, class 3000, per ANSI

B16.11 for sizes up to and including 40mm.
ii. Forged steel fittings, socket weld, class 3000, per ANSI
B16.11, or but weld fittings per ANSI B16.9, for larger
sizes.
b. Open-ended Sections of Piping Systems.
i. Malleable iron threaded fittings, class 300lb, per ANSI

B16.3 for sizes up to and including 32 mm.
ii. forged steel fittings, threaded, class 2000, per ANSI B16.11
for larger sizes.
5.8.5 Flanges
Flanges shall be carbon steel, socket weld, raised faced, ASTM A-105 per
ANSI B16.5, class 900 lb for closed sections of the piping system and class
300 lb for the open-ended sections.
5.8.6 Directional Valves
The directional valve shall be pressure-operated stop valve equipped with

an electrically operated valve actuator with a manual control.
The electrically operated valve actuator shall initiate the opening of the
directional valve upon the reception of "firing" signals from the control
unit when fire detectors or manual release units are operated. The agent
release circuitry shall be arranged such that the operation of the directional
valve actuator completes the electrical circuitry to operate the "control
cylinder" valve actuator(s).
The directional valve shall be listed for CO2 total flooding applications.
The valve body shall be rated for minimum working pressure of 19,000
kPa (2,755 psig). The valve size shall be selected to meet the flow and
frictional loss criteria of the piping system.

5.8.6 Welding
a. The qualification of the welding procedure, welders and welding

operators shall comply with the requirements of AWS D10.9,
Standard for Qualification of Welding Procedures and Welders for
Piping and Tubing.
b. Field welding, when permitted, shall comply with NFBA 51B,

Welding and Cutting Processes.
5.8.7 Threaded Joints
a. Threaded pipe and fittings shall have threads in accordance with

ANSI B2.1, Pipe Threads (Except Dry seal).
b. Suitable thread joint compound or Teflon tape shall be applied to

pipe threads in making the joint.
5.8.8 Pipe anchors
Pipe anchors and sway braces shall be installed in the distribution piping to
ensure the integrity of the piping system during a period of maximum
stress which usually occurs during a system discharge.
The pipe anchors and sway braces must be designed to resist the maximum
expected thrust loads without failure, distortion or deformation of the
piping and the dislocation of discharge nozzles which will impair the
efficiency of the extinguishing system.
5.8.9 Pipe Hangers
All pipe hanger equipment shall comply with the requirements of UL 203,
Pipe Hanger Equipment for Fire Protection Service. The recommended
maximum spacing between supports shall be in accordance with Table 5-1.

TABLE 5-1
PIPE HANGERS SPACING
Nominal Pipe Size Maximum Span

mm meters (feet)
20 1.50
25 1.80
32 2.10
40 2.40
50 2.70
63 3.40
75 3.50
90 3.70
110 4.30
165 4.60
210 4.60
6.0 ELECTRICAL WORK
6.1 All electrical equipment and wiring associated with the fire detection and alarm
system shall be listed by accredited testing organizations acceptable to SEC.
6.2 All electrical installation shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA
70, National Electrical Code, and the Vendor's recommended instructions with the
emphases on electrical supervision of circuits.

7.0 TESTS AND COMMISSIONING
7.1 Pressure Tests
7.1.1 The closed sections of the piping system including the piping manifold
shall be subjected to a field pressure test of 16,824 kPa (2440 psig) for a
duration of 2 hours.
7.1.2. The open sections of the piping system shall be subjected to a field
pressure test of 7,757 kPa (1,125 psig) for a duration of 2 hours.
7.1.3 After the completion of the pressure tests, the piping system shall be
completely cleaned and removed of hydrotest water.
NOTE: A closed section of pipe is the section between two valves which
may be intentionally or unintentionally closed, between valves and the
agent storage cylinders including the filling and gas balance lines. An open
section of pipe is the section between a valve and the open nozzles that
cannot be under a continuous pressure.
7.2 Performance Tests
The fire detection and alarm system equipment shall be tested in accordance with
TES-B-106.01, Fire Detection and Alarm Systems. The following functional tests
shall be performed:
a) Control panel functions
b) All detection circuits
c) All actuating circuits
d) Audible and visual alarms
e) Manual release units
f) Abort switches
g) HVAC equipment shutdown

7.3 Discharge Tests
7.3.1 Partial Discharge Tests
Partial gas discharges shall be made into each enclosure to insure that the
piping is continuous and the discharge nozzles are not blocked. Test Gases
may be air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Care shall be taken to avoid hazard
to personnel conduction these tests.
7.3.2 Full Discharge Test
A full discharge test shall be conducted with carbon dioxide to prove that a
uniform concentration and an adequate soaking time will be achieved. The
test shall be conducted in accordance with the Vendor's written instructions
as approved by the COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE.

8.0 REFERENCES
TITLE AUTHOR PUBLICATION
a) Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems NFPA 12
b) Auxiliary Protective Signaling Systems NFPA 72B
c) Local Protective Signaling System NFPA 72A
d) Proprietary Protective Signaling Systems NFPA 72D
e) Remote Station Signaling Systems NFPA 72C
f) Automatic Fire Detectors NFPA 72E
g) National Electrical Code NFPA 70
h) Fire Protection Handbook NFPA FPH
i) Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems NFPA 90A
j) Portable Fire Extinguishers NFPA 10
k) Standard Methods of Fire Tests of NFPA 251

Building Construction and Materials
l) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code ASME Section

VIII
m) Code for Power Piping ANSI B31.1
n) Safety and Fire Protection Practices TES TES-P-119.13
o) Fire Detection and Alarm Systems TES TES-B-106.01
p) Fire Extinguishing Installations and BSI BS 5306: Part 4

Equipment on Premises-Carbon Dioxide Systems
q) Components of Automatic Fire Detection BSI BS 5445: Part 7

System-Specification for Point-Type Smoke
Detectors Using Scattered-Light, Transmitted
Light or Ionization

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1

a ~ l:t.Jo4S:U~~ ,.tt ~~t

Engr. Engr. Khalaf M.AI-Ma'ashi Engr. Abdullah M. AI-Gami

... TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD

3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

3.1 System Description

5.0 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

6.0 ELECTRICAL WORKS

7.0 TEST AND COMISSIONING

7.1 Pressure Tests

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 2 OF 46

It is important that the fire protection of a building or facility shall be considered as a

3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

3.1 System Description

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 3 OF 46

3.2 System Design

a. A well enclosed space is required to maintain extinguishing

b. All closable opening shall be arranged to close before the start of

c. The area of unclosable openings shall be kept to a minimum and

An area, expressed in square meters, is numerically equivalent to

d. These openings shall be compensated for by additional agent at

e. Where openings exceed the limitation set by Section c, the system

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 4 OF 46

3.2.3 Carbon Dioxide Requirements for Surface Fires

The volume factors used to determine the basic quantity of carbon

b. Material Conversion Factors

For materials requiring a design concentration over 34 percent, the

c. Were carbon dioxide can flow freely between two or more

If one volume requires greater than normal concentration, the

Unclosable openings shall be compensated for gas leakage.

ii. Ventilation System

When forced air ventilating systems cannot be shut down

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 5 OF 46

iii. Abnormal Temperatures

Where there are abnormal temperatures, additional

* Where the temperature of the enclosure is above

** Where the temperature of the enclosure is below -

TABLE 3 - 1 VOLUME FACTORS

(A) Volume of B) Volume Factor (C) Calculated Quantity(kg)

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 6 OF 46

Material Theoretical Min. Minimum Design Material Conversion

Ethyl Alcohol 36 43 1.3

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 7 OF 46

Notes: 1. The theoretical minimum extinguishing concentrations in air for

2. These values were calculated from Fig. 2.3.4 of NFPA 12.

3.2.4 Carbon Dioxide Requirements for Deep-seated Fires

a. The flooding factors specified in Tab1e 3-3 result from practical

Additional quantities of carbon dioxide shall be added to

TABLE 3-3 Flooding Factors for Specific Hazards

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 8 OF 46

2. Flooding factors shown are based on an expansion ratio of 0.52

3.2.5 Rates of Application

The time recommended below are considered adequate for the

b. For surface fires, the design concentration shall be achieved

c. For deep seated fires, the design concentration shall be achieved

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 9 OF 46

3.2.6 Extended Discharge

The extended discharge method involves a high initial rate of agent

This method shall be applied to enclosed rotating electrical apparatus

a. Rotating Electrical Machinery

For enclosed rotating machinery, the initial discharge quantity

The quantities are based on the internal volume of the machine

TESB10603R0/AJJ Date of Approval: December 03, 2008 PAGE NO. 10 OF 46

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