EUROPEAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT

NORME EUROPÉENNE FprEN 15316-4-4

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2016

ICS 91.140.10 Will supersede EN 15316-4-4:2007

English Version

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of

system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-4:
Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration
systems, Module M8-3-4, M8-8-4, M8-11-4

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Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade

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systèmes - Partie 4-4 : Systèmes de génération de chaleur, der Anlagen - Teil 4-4: Wärmeerzeugungssysteme,

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systèmes de cogénération intégrés au bâtiment, Module gebäudeintegrierte KWK-Anlagen, Modul M8-3-4, M8-8-4,

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M8-3-4, M8-8-4, M8-11-4 M8-11-4

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This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
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If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
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stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
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This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
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made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
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Centre has the same status as the official versions.

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CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
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Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
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Kingdom.
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Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
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provide supporting documentation.

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Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
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shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN 15316-4-4:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 9
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 9
4 Symbols and abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2 Subscripts........................................................................................................................................................ 12

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5 Description of the method ........................................................................................................................ 13

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5.1 Output of the method .................................................................................................................................. 13

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5.2 General description of the method ........................................................................................................ 13

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6 Description of CHP system calculation ................................................................................................. 14

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6.1 Output data ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
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6.2 Calculation time step .................................................................................................................................. 14
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6.3 Input data ........................................................................................................................................................ 15

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6.3.1 Source of data ................................................................................................................................................ 15

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6.3.2 Product data ................................................................................................................................................... 15

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6.3.3 Configuration and system design data ................................................................................................. 16

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6.3.4 Operating conditions .................................................................................................................................. 17

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6.3.5 Constants and physical data ..................................................................................................................... 17

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6.4 Calculation procedure – load profile method .................................................................................... 17

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6.4.1 Actual thermal power output .................................................................................................................. 17

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6.4.2 Electrical power output ............................................................................................................................. 17

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6.4.3 Auxiliary power ............................................................................................................................................ 18

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6.4.4 Heat losses ...................................................................................................................................................... 19

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6.4.5 Recoverable thermal losses ..................................................................................................................... 21

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6.4.6 Generation input of the mCHP appliance ............................................................................................ 21

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6.4.7 Influence of control ..................................................................................................................................... 21

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6.4.8 Influence of system configuration.......................................................................................................... 21

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6.4.9 Influence of water temperature.............................................................................................................. 21

7 Quality control .............................................................................................................................................. 22
8 Compliance check......................................................................................................................................... 22
Annex A (normative) Input data .......................................................................................................................... 23
A.1 Product data ................................................................................................................................................... 23
A.1.1 Product description data (quantitative).............................................................................................. 23
A.1.2 Product technical data (default values) ............................................................................................... 23
A.1.2.1 mCHP appliance efficiencies .................................................................................................................... 23
A.1.2.2 Standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input ................................................ 24
A.1.3 System design data ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Annex B (informative) Input data ....................................................................................................................... 25
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B.1 Product data ................................................................................................................................................... 25

B.1.1 Product description data (quantitative) .............................................................................................. 25
B.1.2 Product technical data (default values) ............................................................................................... 25
B.1.2.1 mCHP appliance efficiencies ..................................................................................................................... 25
B.1.2.2 Standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input................................................. 26
B.1.3 System design data ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 27

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European foreword

This document (FprEN 15316-4-4:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.

This document will supersede EN 15316-4-4:2007.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.

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Introduction

This standard is part of a package developed to support EPBD 1implementation, hereafter called “EPB
standards”. It supports also EED 2 implementation.
This Standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the methodology
for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “set of EPB standards”.
All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency.
All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and
references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B
with informative default choices.
For the correct use of this standard a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices.
Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.
CEN/TC 228 deals with heating systems in buildings. Subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are:

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— energy performance calculation for heating systems;

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— inspection of heating systems;

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— design of heating systems;
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— installation and commissioning of heating systems.
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This standard specifies a method for calculation of the system energy losses and the energy
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performance of building-integrated cogeneration systems.

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Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal
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requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific
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applications. These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to
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national / regional needs, but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available
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as national annex or as separate (e.g. legal) document (national data sheet).

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NOTE So in this case:

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— the regulators will specify the choices;

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— the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and
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thereby use the choices made by the regulators.

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Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same
topics can override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public regulation on the same topics
can even, for certain applications, override the use of this standard. Legal requirements and choices are
in general not published in standards but in legal documents. In order to avoid double publications and
difficult updating of double documents, a national annex may refer to the legal texts where national
choices have been made by public authorities. Different national annexes or national data sheets are
possible, for different applications.

1 Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of
buildings (recast).
2 Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency.

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It is expected, if the default values, choices and references to other EPB standards in Annex B are not
followed due to national regulations, policy or traditions, that:
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional
values, according to the model in Annex A. In this case the national annex (e.g. NA) refers to this
text;

— or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a national
annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give
national or regional values and choices.

Further target groups are parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building
energy performance for a dedicated building stock.
More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard (ISO/TR 15316-6-7).

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1 Scope
This European standard defines a method for the performance assessment of building-integrated
cogeneration units by the calculation of the electricity production, useful heat output and recoverable
losses. Such units are commonly known as micro or small scale cogeneration, or micro or small scale
CHP.
A building-integrated cogeneration, is a cogeneration unit installed to supply space heating, domestic
hot water and possibly cooling within a building. It could operate as the only heating/cooling appliance
of the building or in combination with other heat generators, such as boilers or electrical chillers. Unlike
district heating systems, where heat and electricity are generated at central plants and transmitted
through networks to a number of remote buildings, a building-integrated cogeneration unit produces
useful heat for uses within the building. The electricity produced by the integrated cogeneration unit
may be used within the building or may be exported.
This standard deals with heat generators for heating or for combined domestic hot water and heating
services.

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The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the units, defined in product standards,

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and on operation conditions such the needed heat output.

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Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the

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modular structure as set out in prEN ISO 52000-1.
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NOTE 1 In prCEN ISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the
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relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.
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NOTE 2 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module
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and one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method
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respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1.

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Table 1 — Position of EN 15316-4-4 within the modular structure

Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)

Humidification

Dehumidificati

Domestic Hot
Descriptions

Descriptions

Descriptions

automation
and control
Ventilation

production
Electricity
Building
Lighting
Heating

Cooling

water
on
sub1 M1 sub1 M2 sub1 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
1 General 1 General 1 General 15316–1 15316–1
Common terms and
Building
2 definitions; symbols, 2 2 Needs 12831–3 ?
Energy Needs
units and subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Conditions Maximum Load
3 Applications 3 3 12831–1 12831–3
without and Power
Systems
Ways to Ways to
Ways to Express

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4 4 Express Energy 4 Express Energy 15316–1 15316–1
Energy Performance

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Performance Performance

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Building Heat Transfer
Emission and

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5 Functions and 5 by 5 15316–2 15316–2
control

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Building Boundaries Transmission

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Building Occupancy Heat Transfer
Distribution

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6 and Operating 6 by Infiltration 6 15316–3 15316–3 15316–3
and control m
Conditions and Ventilation
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Aggregation of 15316–5
Internal Storage and
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7 Energy Services and 7 7 15316–5 15316–4-

Heat Gains control
Energy Carriers 3
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Solar
8 Building Partitioning 8 8 Generation
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Heat Gains
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Combustion 15316–4-
8–1 15316–4-1
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boilers 1
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15316–4- 15316–4-
8–2 Heat pumps 15316–4-2
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2 2
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Thermal solar 15316–4- 15316–

8–3 15316–4-3
Photovoltaics 3 4-3
or

On-site 15316–4- 15316

8–4 15316–4-4
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cogeneration 4 –4-4
District heating 15316–4- 15316–
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8–5 15316–4-5
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and cooling 5 4-5

Direct
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15316–4-
8–6 electrical
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15316–4-9
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heater
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15316–
8–7 Wind turbines
4-10
Radiant
8–8 15316–4-8
heating, stoves
Load
Building
Calculated Energy dispatching
9 9 Dynamics 9 15316–1
Performance and operating
(thermal mass)
conditions
Measured Measured Measured
10 Energy 10 Energy 10 Energy 15378–3 15378–3
Performance Performance Performance
11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection 15378–1 15378–1
Ways to Express
12 12 – 12 BMS
Indoor Comfort
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic 1545
14
Calculation 9–1

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2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 15316-1, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and
system efficiencies — Part 1: General

EN 50465, Gas appliances — Combined heat and power appliance of nominal heat input inferior or equal
to 70 kW

EN ISO 7345, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345)

prEN ISO 52000-1, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General
framework and procedures (ISO/DIS 52000-1)

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ISO 3046-1, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Performances — Part 1: Declarations of power,

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fuel and lubricating oil consumptions, and test methods — Additional requirements for engines for general

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use

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3 Terms and definitions
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345, prEN ISO 52000-1,
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and the following specific definitions apply.

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3.1
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cogeneration CHP
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simultaneous generation of thermal and electrical energies in one process

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Note 1 to entry: CHP = combined heat and power.

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Note 2 to entry: It may include a supplementary heat generator.

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3.1.1
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mCHP
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condensing or non-condensing CHP appliance with a maximum electrical output power below 50 kWe
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Note 1 to entry: As defined by Directive 2004/8/EC.

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3.1.2
mCHP appliance
assembly which is either delivered as a complete package or specified as the complete package to
deliver the thermal and electrical power

Note 1 to entry: comprising as relevant:

— primary heat and power generator;

— supplementary heat generator;

— flue ducts;

— thermal store

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3.1.3
mCHP appliance technologies and their sub functions
3.1.3.1
fuel cell
appliance that includes a fuel cell which produces simultaneous thermal energy and electrical energy
(electrochemical reaction), consisting typically of distinct parts

3.1.3.2
internal combustion engine
appliance that includes an internal combustion engine module which generates mechanical and thermal
energies and a generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy

3.1.3.3
stirling engine
appliance that includes a Stirling engine module which thermodynamically converts a proportion of
absorbed thermal energy to electrical energy

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3.1.3.4

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microturbine

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appliance including a micro-turbine unit which generates mechanical and thermal energy and a

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generator for converting mechanical energy into electric energy

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3.1.3.5
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organic rankine cycle

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appliance including an ORC module (Organic Rankine Cycle) which thermodynamically converts a
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portion of the energy absorbed heat into electrical energy

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3.1.3.6
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primary heat & power generator

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preferential heat generator producing thermal and electrical energies

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Note 1 to entry: comprising:

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— for fuel cell mCHP appliances: fuel processing system, fuel cell module and DC/AC
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converter and chp-control system;

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— for Stirling Engine mCHP appliances: burner/heat generator, Stirling Engine module,
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electric power generator and chp-control system;

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— for internal combustion engine mCHP appliances: internal combustion engine, electric
power generator and power conditioning and chp-control system

3.1.3.7
supplementary heat generator
heat source which is not generally used as a basis, but to meet the load peaks

3.2
efficiency
3.2.1
electrical efficiency
ratio of the net electrical power output of the cogeneration to the fuel input

3.2.2
overall efficiency
ratio of the useful heat output and the net electric power output to the fuel input
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3.2.3
thermal efficiency
ratio of the useful heat output of the cogeneration to the fuel input

3.3
operation of mCHP appliance
3.3.1
wasted heat
heat which exceeds the current heat demand of the building and cannot be stored or used

3.3.2
full load
operation state of the mCHP appliance (e.g. cogeneration unit) where the actual load requirement is
equal to the nominal (maximal) thermal power output of the device

3.3.3

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mCHP appliance controlled by the heat demand with no dumped heat

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Note 1 to entry: This does not mean that the mCHP appliance provides the whole heat demand.

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3.3.4
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input
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3.3.4.1
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electrical auxiliary energy

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electrical energy consumed by the support controls

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Note 1 to entry: e.g. pumps, fans, valves, control unit

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3.3.4.2
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energy input
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quantity of energy used in a time-step corresponding to the volumetric or mass flow rates of the fuel,
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the calorific value used being either the net or gross calorific value
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3.3.4.3
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nominal thermal input

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value of the heat input declared in the technical specifications/instructions

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Note 1 to entry: Range rated mCHP appliances operate at a nominal heat input between the maximum and
minimum adjustable heat input. Modulating mCHP appliances operate between the nominal and minimum
controlled heat inputs

3.3.5
output
3.3.5.1
electrical energy output
total electrical energy of the primary heat & power generator

3.4.5.2
electrical power output
total electrical power of the primary heat & power generator

3.3.5.3
net electrical power output
electrical total power output minus electrical auxiliary
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3.3.5.4
nominal electrical power output
electrical power output stated in the technical specifications/instructions

3.3.5.5
nominal thermal output
useful heat output power stated in the technical specifications/instructions, corresponding to the
operation of the mCHP appliance at a nominal (e.g. 80 °C/60 °C) water temperature regime

3.3.5.6
constant minimum controlled thermal output
useful heat output power that can be sustained indefinitely at minimum heat demand, which will be
obtained in practice by normal operation of the controls

3.3.5.7
useful heat output

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heat transmitted to the heat transfer fluid

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3.3.6

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preferential generation appliance

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appliance in a multi-plant generation system (e.g. cogeneration units) which is operating in priority

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4 Symbols and abbreviations
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4.1 Symbols
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For the purposes of this European Standard, the symbols given in prEN ISO 52000-1 and the specific
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symbols listed in Table 2 apply.

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Table 2 — Symbols and units

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Symbol Quantity Unit French term German term

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σ power to heat ratio -

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i index of part load conditions -

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ɛ expenditure value -
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4.2 Subscripts
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For the purposes of this European Standard, the subscripts given in prEN ISO 52000-1, and the specific
subscripts listed in Tables 3 and 4 apply.

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Table 3 — Common subscripts for the technical systems domain

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

Service Technical building Balance Balance item Destination of
system item specification recovery
Product case cgn cogeneration
description identifier
CGN_TYPE appliance th thermal
type
CGN_USE energy el electrical
service
CGN_FUEL fuel type
CGN_CE appliance

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CGN_NR preferential

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generator

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number

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Table 4 — Subscripts
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Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

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sb standby pilot pilot light

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5 Description of the method

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5.1 Output of the method

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This method covers the calculation of fuel input, auxiliary energy and recoverable losses of
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cogeneration units providing heating and/or domestic hot water and the electricity production.
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The time step of the output can be:

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— monthly;
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— hourly;
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— bin.

5.2 General description of the method

The performance of a mCHP appliance (thermal efficiency, electrical output) varies with the load and
the operation conditions, e.g. heating water temperature.
Background information is given in the Technical Report prCEN/TR 15316-6-7.
The mCHP appliance may include a supplementary boiler and thermal storage, provided it has been
tested as a whole to provide the energy performance information needed.
The generated heat is used for heating, domestic hot water and eventually for cooling, by using an
absorption chiller.

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Electrical connection components are only taken into account if they are part of the unit and tested
together with. The system boundary contains all electrical components between the manual shut-off
device (for water and fuel) and the flue outlet of the combustion circuit, but excluding:
— the primary heat and power generator;

— the circulation pump(s) for the central heating circuit.

Figures illustrating typical setups are given in the Technical Report prCEN/TR 15316-6-7.

6 Description of CHP system calculation

6.1 Output data

The output data related to the energy performance of this method are listed in Table 5.
Table 5 — Output data energy performance

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Description Symbol Catalogue Computed Validity Intended Varying

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unit unit interval destination

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module

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generation input Egen;in,cr kWh kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES
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useful heat output QCHW;gen;out kWh kWh 0…∞ M10–8 YES
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electrical energy output Eel;gen;out kWh kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES

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recoverable losses Qgen;ls;rbl kWh kWh 0…∞ M2–2 YES

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Wgen;aux
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auxiliary energy kWh kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES

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fuel type CGN_FUEL - - M3–1 NO

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The output data related to the quality control of this method are listed in Table 6.
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Table 6 — Output data quality control

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Description Symbol Unit Intended

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destination
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module
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electrical efficiency at Pth;gen;out ɳel;cgn - -

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thermal efficiency at Pth;gen;out ɳth;cgn - -

equivalent operating time at full load tcgn h -
expenditure value ɛcgn - -
power to heat ratio σcgn - -

6.2 Calculation time step

The time step of the method can be:

— monthly;

— hourly.

This calculation method is time step independent.

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6.3 Input data

6.3.1 Source of data

Data supplied by the manufacturer shall be declared according to EN 50465 or ISO 3046-1.
Default values are given in Annex A.
6.3.2 Product data

6.3.2.1 Product description (qualitative)

prCEN/TR 15316-6-7 describes typical set-ups of mCHP appliances but these types are not
differentiated in the calculation procedure.
Required descriptive product data for this calculation procedure are listed in the Table 7.
Table 7 — Product description input data

8
Description Symbol Unit Intended

-0
12
mCHP appliance type CGN_TYPE List -

6-
01
energy service CGN_USE List M10–8

2
st
fuel type CGN_FUEL
m List M3–1
ko
generator number CGN_NR - M10–8
en
je

The lists (codes) are given in Annex A.

bi
ie

6.3.2.2 Product technical data (quantitative)

at
rm

The energy performance assessment of the mCHP appliance in this standard is based on product testing
fo

according to EN 50465.
in
de

Attention shall be paid for the appliances comprising a fuel cell which may lead to special operating
or

conditions and constraints.

vo

Required product technical data for this calculation procedure are listed in the Table 8.
T
EP
C
N
O
C

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FprEN 15316-4-4:2016 (E)

Table 8 — Product technical input data

Characteristics Symbol Catalogue Computed Validity Varying

unit unit interval
useful heat output at Pth;chp_100+sup_100 kW kW [0:70] No
CHP100 %+Sup100 %
power output at Pel;out;chp_100+sup_100 kW kW [0:50] No
CHP100 %+Sup100 %
auxiliary power Paux;chp_100+sup_100 kW kW [0:20] No
CHP100 %+Sup100 %
overall efficiency at ɳchp_100+sup_100 - - [0:1.2] No
CHP100 %+Sup100 %
thermal efficiency at ɳth;chp_100+sup_100 - - [0:1] No
CHP100 %+Sup100 %

8
-0
12
electrical efficiency at ɳel;chp_100+sup_100 - - [0:0.5] No

6-
CHP100 %+Sup100 %

01
useful heat output at Pth;chp_100+sup_0 kW kW [0:70] No

2
st
CHP100 %+Sup0 % m
Pel;out;chp_100+sup_0
ko
nominal power output at kW kW [0:50] No
en

CHP100 %+Sup0 %
je

auxiliary power at Paux;chp_100+sup_0 kW kW [0:20] No

bi
ie

CHP100 %+Sup0 %
at
m

overall efficiency at ɳchp_100+sup_0 - - [0:1.2] No

r
fo

CHP100 %+Sup0 %
in

thermal efficiency at ɳth;chp_100+sup_0 - - [0:1] No

de

CHP100 %+Sup0 %
or
vo

electrical efficiency at ɳel;chp_100+sup_0 - - [0:0.5] No

T

CHP100 %+Sup0 %
EP

constant minimum controlled heat Pth;min kW kW [0:50] No

C
N

output
O
C

standby heat loss Pls;sb kW kW [0:20] No

power output in standby mode Pel;out;sb kW kW [0:20] No
auxiliary power in standby mode Paux;sb kW kW [0:20] No
permanent ignition burner heat Ppilot kW kW [0:20] No
input

Default values are given in Annex A.

6.3.3 Configuration and system design data

6.3.3.1 Process design

Required process design data for this calculation procedure are listed in the Table 9.

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Table 9 — Process design input data

Description Symbol Unit Intended

location of mCHP appliance CGN_LOC List -
hydraulic connection CGN_HCON List M10–8

The lists (codes) are given in Annex A, Table A.4.

6.3.3.2 Control

Required control type data for this calculation procedure are listed in the Table 10.
Table 10 — Control type input data

Description Symbol Unit Intended

mCHP appliance control CGN_CTR List -

8
-0
12
No specific control data are taken into account.

6-
01
NOTE Range rated mCHP appliances operate at a nominal heat input between the maximum and minimum

2
adjustable heat input.

st
m
Modulating mCHP appliances operate between the nominal and minimum controlled heat inputs.
ko
en

6.3.4 Operating conditions

je
bi

Required operating conditions data for this calculation procedure are listed in the Table 11.
ie
at

Table 11 — Operating conditions

m r
fo

Name Symbol Unit Range Origin Varying

in

Module
de
or

heat output to the heat QCHW;dis;in kWh 0...∞ M3–6 Yes

vo

distribution sub-system(s) a M8–6

T
EP

time step t h, m 1…8760 M1–9 Yes

C

duration of the standby mode tsb h 1…8760 M3–9 Yes

N
O
C

a The heat output to be supplied by the mCHP appliance excludes any wasted heat.

6.3.5 Constants and physical data

Not relevant.
6.4 Calculation procedure – load profile method
6.4.1 Actual thermal power output

The actual thermal power output is calculated with:

Pth,gen,out = min (Pth;chp_100+sup_100 ; (QCHW;gen;out / t)) [kW] (1)

6.4.2 Electrical power output

At each calculation step, the heat output of the cogeneration unit is determined.

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For each heat output, the electrical power output is calculated by a linear interpolation between the
product data values according EN 50465 (see Figure 1):

8
-0
12
6-
2 01
Key
1 primary heat and power generator
st
m
ko
2 supplementary heat generator
en

3 example
je
bi

Figure 1 — Calculation of the electrical power output

ie
at
rm

NOTE Pth;sb corresponds to the operating point and condition in standby mode. The electrical output in that
fo

operating condition, Pel;out,sb, is equal to 0, if Paux;sb is taken into account.

in
de

— For Pth;sb < Pth;gen;out < Pth;chp_100+sup_0

or
vo

Pel;gen;out = Pel;out;sb + (Pel;out;chp_100+sup_0 - Pel;out;sb) * ((Pth;gen;out - Pth;sb) / (Pth;chp_100+sup_0 - Pth;sb)) (2)

T
EP

— For Pth;chp_100+sup_0 < Pth;gen;out < Pth;chp_100+sup_100

C
N
O

Pel;gen,out = Pel;out;chp_100+sup_0 + (Pel;out;chp_100+sup_100 - Pel;out;chp_100+sup_0) *((Pth;gen,out - Pth;chp_100+sup_0) /

C

(Pth;chp_100+sup_100 - Pth;chp_100+sup_0)) (3)

The electrical energy output for the time step is calculated by:
Eel;gen;out = Pel;gen;out * t (4)

6.4.3 Auxiliary power

NOTE In EN 15316-4-4:2007 the auxiliary power was set to 0 because taken into account by applying only
the net power production (total power production minus auxiliary energy consumption). In this version, the
auxiliary power is calculated explicitly to take into account the auxiliary power at each time step, e.g. also for
standby.

At each calculation step the heat output of the cogeneration unit is determined.

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For each heat output, the auxiliary power is calculated by a linear interpolation between the product
data values according EN 50465 (see Figure 2):

8
-0
12
6-
2 01
Key
1 primary heat and power generator
st
m
ko
2 supplementary heat generator
en

3 example
je
bi

Figure 2 — Calculation of the auxiliary power

ie
at
m
r

— For Pth;sb < Pth;gen;out < Pth;chp_100+sup_0

fo
in

Paux = Paux;sb + (Paux;chp_100+sup_0 – Paux;sb) * ((Pth;gen;out - Pth;sb) / (Pth;chp_100+sup_0 - Pth;sb))

de

(5)
or

— For Pth;chp_100+sup_0 < Pth;gen;out < Pth;chp_100+sup_100

vo
T

Paux = Paux;chp_100+sup_0 + (Paux;chp_100+sup_100 – Paux;chp_100+sup_0) *((Pth;gen;out -

EP

Pth;chp_100+sup_0) / (Pth;chp_100+sup_100 - Pth;chp_100+sup_0) ] (6)

C
N
O

The auxiliary energy for the time step is calculated by:

C

Wgen;aux = Paux * t (7)

If only the net power production (total power production minus auxiliary energy consumption), is
measured and known for the test points, Paux cannot be determined at each time-step. The auxiliary
energy to consider corresponds to that of the standby mode and is limited at duration of this standby
mode: tsb
Wgen;aux = Paux ;sb * tsb (7a)

This value is brought to prEN 15316-1.

6.4.4 Heat losses

For linear interpolation, absolute values of the heat losses are used.
The power of generation heat losses, Pgen;ls;sb, at Pth;sb, are the sum of the standby heat loss and the
permanent pilot flame heat input.

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Pgen;ls;sb = Pls;sb + Ppilot (8)

The generation losses at test points are determined as follows. First the generation input is determined
by thermal efficiencies:
Pgen;in;chp_100+sup_0 = Pth;chp_100+sup_0 / ɳth;chp_100+sup_0 (9)

Pgen;in;chp_100+sup_100 = Pth;chp_100+sup_100 / ɳth;chp_100+sup_100 (10)

The heat losses at CHP_100 %+Sup_0 % and CHP_100 %+Sup_100 % are calculated with the thermal
efficiencies at these test points.
Pgen;ls;chp_100+sup_0 = (1 - ɳth;chp_100+sup_0 - ɳel;chp_100+sup_0) * Pgen;in;chp_100+sup_0 (11)

Pgen;ls;chp_100+sup_100 = (1 - ɳth;chp_100+sup_100 - ɳel;chp_100+sup_100) * Pgen;in;chp_100+sup_100 (12)

At each calculation step the heat output of the cogeneration unit is determined.

8
For each heat output, the heat losses are determined by a linear interpolation between the product data

-0
values (see Figure 3):

12
6-
2 01
st
m
ko
en
je
bi
ie
at
rm
fo
in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N

Key
O

1 primary heat and power generator

C

2 supplementary heat generator

3 example

Figure 3 — Calculation of the heat losses

— For Pth;sb < Pth;gen,out < Pth;chp_100+sup_0

Pgen;ls = Pgen;ls;sb+ (Pgen;ls;chp_100+sup_0 – Pgen;ls;sb) * ((Pth;gen;out - Pth;sb) / (Pth;chp_100+sup_0 - Pth;sb)) (13)

— For Pth;chp_100+sup_0 < Pth;gen;out < Pth;chp_100+sup_100

Pgen;ls = Pgen;ls;chp_100+sup_0 + (Pgen;ls;chp_100+sup_100 – Pgen;ls;chp_100+sup_0) * [ (Pth;gen;out - Pth;chp_100+sup_0) /

(Pth;chp_100+sup_100 - Pth;chp_100+sup_0) ] (14)

The heat losses for the time step are calculated by:
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Qgen;ls = Pgen;ls * t (15)

6.4.5 Recoverable thermal losses

Among the heat losses, only the standby losses may be recoverable depending on the mCHP appliance
location.
If the appliance is located in the heated space: CGN_LOC = INT, then:
Qgen;ls;rbl;CHW = Pls;sb * t (16)

If the appliance is not located in the heated space: CGN_LOC < > INT, then:
Qgen;ls;rbl;CHW = 0 (17)

NOTE The recoverable losses are calculated in the specific subsystem standard and not in the building need
standard.

This value is brought to prEN 15316-1.

8
-0
6.4.6 Generation input of the mCHP appliance

12
6-
01
The generation power input of the mCHP appliance is calculated with:

2
Pgen;in = Pth;gen;out + Pel;gen;out + Pgen;ls (18)
st
m
ko
The energy input of the mCHP appliance is calculated with:
en

Egen;in = Pgen;in * t (19)

je
bi

This value is brought to prEN 15316-1 and shall be accompanied by the fuel types supplying the mCHP
ie
at

appliance:
m
r
fo

If CGN_FUEL = BF, Egen;in,bf = Egen;in (20)

in

If CGN_FUEL = BG, Egen;in,bg = Egen;in (21)

de

Egen;in,bm = Egen;in
or

If CGN_FUEL = BM, (22)

vo

If CGN_FUEL = NG, Egen;in,ng = Egen;in (23)

T
EP

If CGN_FUEL = OI, Egen;in,oi = Egen;in (24)

C

6.4.7 Influence of control

N
O
C

The mCHP appliance is generally driven by the heat demand. The control module M10-8 provides the
required thermal output to the mCHP appliance. Other control criteria may influence the performance
of the mCHP appliance (e.g. when allowing control on the power demand under condition that a
thermal demand actually exists, or for control specificities of fuel cells).
6.4.8 Influence of system configuration

The presence or not of a storage tank is not taken into account in the test configuration of the
cogeneration unit and therefore in the test results (efficiency).
EN 50465 nor ISO 3046-1, does not provide any additional information.
In case of a storage tank, the losses of the storage shall be calculated separately.
6.4.9 Influence of water temperature

The influence of a water temperature different to the water temperature under test conditions is not
provided by EN 50465.

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The correction of a different ambient temperature or water flow temperature is neglected.

7 Quality control
For checking the quality of the calculation, the following values are provided:
— electrical efficiency: ɳel;cgn at Pth;gen;out

ɳel;cgn = (Pel;gen;out)* t / Egen;in (25)

— thermal efficiency: ɳth;cgn at Pth;gen;out

ɳth;cgn = Pth;gen;out * t / Egen;in (26)

— equivalent operating time at full load: tcgn

tcgn = min (1; (QCHW;gen;out /(Pth;chp_100+sup_100 * t))) * t (27)

8
-0
— expenditure value: ɛcgn

12
6-
ɛcgn = Egen;in / (QCHW;gen;out + Eel;gen;out)

01
(28)

2
st
— power to heat ratio: σcgn m
ko

σcgn = (Eel;gen;out - Wgen;aux) / QCHW;gen;out (29)

en
je

8 Compliance check
bi
ie
at

To check if the calculation procedure is applicable / was applied correctly to the installed system, check
m

the following items:

r
fo
in

— CE marked cogeneration;
de

— cogeneration type;
or
vo

— type of the supplementary heat generator (condensing/non condensing);

T
EP

— minimum operating temperatures;

C
N
O

— hydraulic isolation of the cogeneration;

C

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Annex A
(normative)

Input data

A.1 Product data

A.1.1 Product description data (quantitative)

Required product description input data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table A.1.
Table A.1 —Product description input data

Description Symbol Code Meaning

8
-0
mCHP appliance type CGN_TYPE SE stirling engine

12
6-
FCP proton exchange

01
membrane fuel cell

2
st
FCSm solid oxid fuel cell
ko
CEG combustion engine gas
en

CED combustion engine diesel

je
bi

MT microturbine
ie
at

ORC organic rankine cycle

rm
fo

energy service CGN_USE H heating

in

W domestic hot water

de
or

C cooling
vo

XY combination
T
EP

fuel type CGN_FUEL BF biofuel (oil)

C
N

BG biogas
O
C

BM biomass (wood)
NG natural gas
Ol fuel oil
generator number CGN_NR 1-X M10–8

A.1.2 Product technical data (default values)

A.1.2.1 mCHP appliance efficiencies

The mCHP appliance efficiencies shall be declared by the manufacturer according to EN 50465.
Required mCHP appliance efficiencies for this calculation procedure are listed in Table A.2.

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Table A.2 — mCHP appliance efficiencies

uni CE OR
Characteristics Symbol CEG MT SE FCP FCS
t D C
overall efficiency at ɳchp_100+sup_100
-
CHP_100+Sup_100
thermal efficiency at ɳth;chp_100+sup_10
-
CHP_100+Sup_100 0

electrical efficiency at ɳel;chp_100+sup_10

-
CHP_100+Sup_100 0

overall efficiency at ɳchp_100+sup_0

-
CHP_100+Sup_0
thermal efficiency at ɳth;chp_100+sup_0
-
CHP_100+Sup_0

8
-0
electrical efficiency at ɳel;chp_100+sup_0

12
-
CHP_100+Sup_0

6-
01
A.1.2.2 Standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input

2
st
m
The mCHP appliance standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input values shall be
ko

declared by the manufacturer according to EN 50465.

en
je

Required standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input for this calculation procedure
bi

are listed in Table A.3

ie
at

Table A.3 — Standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input
rm
fo

Characteristics Symbol unit CEG CED MT SE FCP FCS ORC

in
de

standby heat loss Pls;sb kW

or

permanent pilot flame Ppilot kW

vo

input
T
EP

A.1.3 System design data

C
N
O

Required process design data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table A.4
C

Table A.4 — Process design input data

Description Symbol Code Meaning

location of mCHP appliance CGN_LOC INT heated space
UNH unheated space
CGN mCHP appliance room
EXT external (outdoors)
hydraulic connection CGN_HCON DIR direct connection
DEC hydraulic decoupling
NCP condensation prevention pump
HEX heat exchanger

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Annex B
(informative)

Input data

B.1 Product data

B.1.1 Product description data (quantitative)

Required product description input data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table B.1.
Table B.1 —Product description input data

Description Symbol Code Meaning

8
-0
mCHP appliance type CGN_TYPE SE stirling engine

12
6-
FCP proton exchange

01
membrane fuel cell

2
st
FCSm solid oxid fuel cell
ko
CEG combustion engine gas
en

CED combustion engine diesel

je
bi

MT microturbine
ie
at

ORC organic rankine cycle

rm
fo

energy service CGN_USE H heating

in

W domestic hot water

de
or

C cooling
vo

XY combination
T
EP

fuel type CGN_FUEL BF biofuel (oil)

C
N

BG biogas
O
C

BM biomass (wood)
NG natural gas
Ol fuel oil
generator number CGN_NR 1-X M10–8

B.1.2 Product technical data (default values)

B.1.2.1 mCHP appliance efficiencies

The mCHP appliance efficiencies shall be declared by the manufacturer according to EN 50465.
Required mCHP appliance efficiencies for this calculation procedure are listed in Table B.2.

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Table B.2 — mCHP appliance efficiencies

Characteristics Symbol unit CEG CED MT SE FCP FCS ORC

overall efficiency at ɳchp_100+sup_100
- 0,73 0,78 0,70 0,96 1,02 1,05
CHP_100+Sup_100
thermal efficiency at ɳth;chp_100+sup_1
- 0,45 0,50 0,52 0,92 0,98 0,98
CHP_100+Sup_100 00

electrical efficiency at ɳel;chp_100+sup_1

- 0,21 0,30 0,13 0,04 0,04 0,07
CHP_100+Sup_100 00

overall efficiency at ɳchp_100+sup_0

- 0,90 0,95 0,95 0,92 0,90 0,95
CHP_100+Sup_0
thermal efficiency at ɳth;chp_100+sup_0
- 0,60 0,60 0,65 0,78 0,53 0,55
CHP_100+Sup_0

8
electrical efficiency at ɳel;chp_100+sup_0

-0
- 0,30 0,35 0,30 0,14 0,37 0,40

12
CHP_100+Sup_0

6-
01
B.1.2.2 Standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input

2
st
The mCHP appliance standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input values shall be
m
ko
declared by the manufacturer according to EN 50465.
en

Required standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input for this calculation procedure
je

are listed in Table B.3

bi
ie

Table B.3 — Standby heat losses and permanent ignition burner heat input
at
mr

Characteristics Symbol unit CEG CED MT SE FCP FCS ORC

fo
in

standby heat loss Pls;sb kW 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4
de

Ppilot
or

permanent pilot flame kW 0 0 0 0 0 0

vo

input
T
EP

B.1.3 System design data

C
N
O

Required process design data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table B.4
C

Table B.4 — Process design input data

Description Symbol Code Meaning

location of mCHP appliance CGN_LOC INT heated space
UNH unheated space
CGN mCHP appliance room
EXT external (outdoors)
hydraulic connection CGN_HCON DIR direct connection
DEC hydraulic decoupling
NCP condensation prevention pump
HEX heat exchanger

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Bibliography

prCEN/TR 15316-6-7, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings - Method for
calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-7: Accompanying TR to
EN 15316-4-4 (Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems)

8
-0
12
6-
2 01
st
m
ko
en
je
bi
ie
at
rm
fo
in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

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