10 - NB-IoT Air Interface and Key Technology

NB-IoT Air interface And Key
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Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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 NB-IoT supports control plane CIoT EPS optimization(CP) process and user plane CIoT
EPS optimization(UP) process. The CP solution is a mandatory solution while UP
solution is optional.
 The S1 control plane interface is called S1-Lite interfaces, is a simplified version of S1-C
interface. It only need to support the necessary S1-AP message and CIoT related
process of Ies message.

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 RRC_IDLE
 PLMN selection
 System information broadcast
 Paging
 Cell selection and reselection
 RRC context not stored on the eNodeB
 RRC_CONNECTED
 The UE has an RRC connection with the E-UTRAN.
 UE context stored on the E-UTRAN
 The E-UTRAN receives messages from and transmits messages to the UE.
 RRC_SUSPENDED
 UE context stored on the E-UTRAN
 UE context stored on the eNodeB
 RRC_SUSPENDED mode is a mode similar to the RRC_IDLE mode, except
that UE context is stored.
 EPS Connection Management (ECM)

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 The access flow of NB-IoT UP solution is quite complicated. If the signaling overhead is
too high for the NB-IoT services, will not meet the requirements of the low-power terminal.
 To simplify the access procedures of UP solution, NB-IoT introduced the UE suspend
and resume flow.
 eNodeB sends a UE Context Suspend Req to MME (may carry Information on
Recommended Cells and eNodeBs for Paging, Cell Identifier and Coverage
Enhancement Level). MME will decode and save these two IE related
information and will be used for coverage level paging
 MME sends a Release Access Bearer Req message to the SGW to release all
UP bearers. After the process is end MME will still retain the eNodeB user
plane information, enters IDLE state, and recorded as Suspend. Send eNodeB
a S1AP UE context Suspend Response.

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 Layer 2 consists of the following sub-layers: Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link
Control (RLC), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)
 Asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is applied in the uplink and
downlink.
 ROHC (Robust Header Compression): ROHC is a kind of algorithm to compress the
header of various IP packets.

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 Huawei NB-IoT eNodeBs support control plane and user plane CIoT EPS optimization.
Whether to use only the control plane CIoT EPS optimization function, both of them, or
neither of them needs to be configured based on the MME's capability of supporting EPS
optimized transmission for NB-IoT, which is specified by the
MmeCapInfo.NbCiotEpsOptCap parameter.

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 Uplink
 Two transmission modes
 Single-tone (One UE uses one carrier for low-speed transmission)
 Multi-tone (One UE occupies multiple carriers for high-speed
transmission. Only the 15-kHz subcarrier spacing is supported.)
 Downlink OFDMA
 Occupies a bandwidth of 200 kHz. (A 10 kHz guard band is reserved on each
side, and therefore the actual bandwidth is 180 kHz. Occupies a bandwidth of
180 kHz in LTE in-band deployment, that is, occupies an RB)

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 There are three types of downlink physical channels for NB-IoT:

 Narrowband Physical Broadcast Channel (NPBCH): Responsible for
transmitting master information blocks (MIBs)
 NPDCCH: Responsible for carrying the downlink control information (DCI)
 NPDSCH: Responsible for carrying downlink data.
 There are two types of uplink physical channels for NB-IoT:
 NPUSCH: Responsible for carrying uplink data
 NPRACH: Responsible for carrying random access messages

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 NB PUSCH Format1 bears uplink service transmission, Format 2 bears downlink NB

PDSCH ACK/NACK feedback message.

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 Setting RSRP and the coverage level mapping through MOD RACHCFG

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 For example, if three coverage levels, CL0, CL1, and CL2 are configured, the
CellRachCECfg.PrachRepetitionCount parameter for these three coverage
levels is set to REP_2(REP_2), REP_4(REP_4), and REP_32(REP_32),
respectively, and the RACHCfg.NbCyclicPrefixLength parameter is set to
66DOT7(66DOT7), the PRACH occupation duration for CL0, CL1, and CL2 is 5.6
x 2 ms, 5.6 x 4 ms, and 5.6 x 32 ms, respectively. The offset for CL0 is 8 ms.
Accordingly:
 The offset for CL1 must be greater than 48 ms (the sum of the offset for
CL0 (8 ms) and MAX {40 ms, 5.6 x 2 ms}). The smallest value in the
value range that meets this condition is 64 ms, which is then used as the
offset for CL1.
 The offset for CL2 must be greater than 104 ms (the sum of the offset for
CL1 (64 ms) and MAX {40 ms, 5.6 x 4 ms}). The smallest value in the
value range that meets this condition is 128 ms, which is then used as
the offset for CL2.
 The PRACH transmission interval must be greater than the sum of the
PRACH occupation duration and offset for the highest coverage level.
The PRACH occupation duration is 5.6 x 32 ms, and the offset is 128 ms,
so the PRACH transmission interval must be at least 307.2 ms.

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The default PUSCH repetition times：

 CoverageLevel is set as 0：REP_1(Repeat 1 time)；
 CoverageLevel is set as 1：REP_2(Repeat 2 times)；
 CoverageLevel is set as 2：REP_32(Repeat 32 times)

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 In normal CP, reference signal for antenna port 0 and 1 will be transmit in each slot, 5 th
and 6th symbol
 Other than antenna port and location in time domain, the location in frequency domain
also affected by cell physical ID to avoid interference among neighboring cell
 NRS is added in every 6 subcarriers in the frequency domain.
 Figure shows NRS signal distribution for in-band scenario.

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 narrowband primary synchronization signal (NPSS)

 narrowband secondary synchronization signal (NSSS)
 Resource conflicts with the LTE PDCCH should be avoided.

 The NPSS and NSSS are punctured by the LTE CRS.
 The PSCH is used for synchronization between the eNodeB and UE. The signals on the
PSCH can be categorized into two types: NPSS and NSSS. The NPSS is used for cell
detection, subframe and symbol alignment, and frequency synchronization in carriers and
sampling frequencies. The NSSS is used for time synchronization at the frame level and
also indicates the physical cell identifier (PCI).
 The NPSS occupies subframe 5 of each radio frame, and therefore is transmitted every
10 ms. The NSSS occupies subframe 9 of each even-numbered frame, and therefore is
transmitted every 20 ms.
 UEs need to demodulate NPSS and NSSS to achieve synchronization with the network.
Therefore, the minimum average interval for UEs to receive data is 40 ms.

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The NB-PBCH mainly carries the MIB. The scheduling period for the
MIB is fixed at 640 ms. The MIB is transmitted eight times in a scheduling period. Each MIB
is scheduled in every subframe 0 of eight consecutive radio frames. The MIBs transmitted in
each consecutive 80 scheduling periods have the same contents but use different MCSs.
 The MIB does not exceed 34 bits in length. Together

with 16 cyclic redundancy check (CRC), the actual
length of the MIB is less than 50 bits.
 It takes at least 80 ms for UEs to receive the MIB.
 Resource conflicts with the LTE PDCCH should be avoided.

 The NB-PBCH is punctured by the LTE CRS and NB-RS.

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 Narrowband Physical Broadcast Channel (NPBCH): Responsible for transmitting master

information blocks (MIBs)
 To fulfill the requirement, the NPBCH resource is start mapped at subframe

0 of a radio frame, skipping the NRS resource and the subframe 0’s content is repeated
in the every subframe 0 of the following 7 radio frame.

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 The PDSCH transmits SIB1 messages.
 NB-IoT SIB1 resources are always mapped onto subframe 4. The specific frame
number can be determined based on the period, number of repetitions, and PCID.
 Resources occupied by LTE PDCCH should not be used by NB-IoT.

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 The PDSCH transmits SIB1 messages.
 NB-IoT SIB1 resources are always mapped onto subframe 4. The specific frame
number can be determined based on the period, number of repetitions, and PCID.
 Resources occupied by LTE PDCCH should not be used by NB-IoT.

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 NB-PDCCH occupied 12 sub-carrier in one subframe. Not REG is used to carry DCI
message but CCE. The CCE here is different from LTE definition. The size of the CCE is
half a PRB pair. 6 frequency domain (subcarrier) with higher number will as one CCE
while another 6 lower number frequency domain (subcarrier) will as another CCE. Support
2 CCE aggregation level, AL=1CCE and AL=2CCE.
 The two CCE that grouping AL=2 will located at the same subframe and the re-
transmission only support AL=2.
 NB-IoT basically is using re-transmission technology to enhance its coverage, therefore
mostly use CCE aggregation level AL2.
 For the CSS, the aggregation level is 2;
 For USS, initial aggregation level for coverage level 0 is AL=1; Initial aggregation level for
coverage level 1 or 2 is AL=2

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 UE will determine the position of the NB-PDCCH resources according to the NB-
PDCCH’s scheduling information and at the same combine the candidate set to perform
blind decoding to obtain the required PDCCH information.
 UE will not search from 2 search space (CSS1 ，CSS2 and USS) at the same time.

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 Period factor G ：{1.5,2,4,8,16,32,48,64}； Maximum repetition Rmax : (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,

64, 128, 256, 512, 1024,2048)
 The Rmax and G of the PDCCH at each coverage class are configured separately, to get
period of each coverage level (Period0, Period01, Period02), which is used to control the
PDCCH resources of each coverage level.

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 Period factor G ：{1.5,2,4,8,16,32,48,64}； Maximum repetition count, Rmax : (1, 2, 4, 8,

16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024,2048)
 The Rmax and G of the PDCCH of each coverage class are configured separately, to get
period of each coverage level (Period0, Period01, Period02), which is used to control the
PDCCH resources of each coverage level.

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 DC1 Format N1(2)：NPDCCH order, trigger random access for uplink synchronization

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 Gap will not triggered in 2 conditions:

 NPDCCH setting, Rmax < GapThreshold
 NPDSCH send BCCH data.
 Gap: If the downlink resources are allocated to NDPCCH and NPDSCH of an enhanced
coverage type terminal, the downlink of the other terminal devices (non-enhanced
coverage type) will be congested and will caused the uplink congested too. It will be a
waste of uplink resources.

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 Three types of CCE search space.

 UE-specific search space (USS): user UL and DL data transmission scheduling
information.
 Type1 common search space (CSS1): RAR/Msg3 retransmission/Msg4
scheduling information
 Type2 common search space (CSS2): paging scheduling information
 In normal CP, reference signal for antenna port 0 and 1 will be transmit in each slot, 5th
and 6th symbol

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10 - NB-IoT Air Interface and Key Technology

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NB-IoT Air interface And Key

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 There are three types of downlink physical channels for NB-IoT:

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 NB PUSCH Format1 bears uplink service transmission, Format 2 bears downlink NB

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The default PUSCH repetition times：

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 narrowband primary synchronization signal (NPSS)

 Resource conflicts with the LTE PDCCH should be avoided.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 The MIB does not exceed 34 bits in length. Together

 Resource conflicts with the LTE PDCCH should be avoided.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Narrowband Physical Broadcast Channel (NPBCH): Responsible for transmitting master

 To fulfill the requirement, the NPBCH resource is start mapped at subframe

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 The PDSCH transmits SIB1 messages.

 Resources occupied by LTE PDCCH should not be used by NB-IoT.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 The PDSCH transmits SIB1 messages.

 Resources occupied by LTE PDCCH should not be used by NB-IoT.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Period factor G ：{1.5,2,4,8,16,32,48,64}； Maximum repetition Rmax : (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,