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Classical Period
Prepared by: Daniel M. Alcazarin
Science Teacher I
Talangan Integrated National High School
What does “Classical” mean?
• From 1750 on artists, musicians, and
architects wanted to get away from the
complexity of the Baroque period and
replicate the clean, uncluttered style of
Classical Greece.
5
The Classical Period of Western music
followed the Baroque period. Lasting a
relatively short period of time, (70 years)
the dates of the Classical period are
approximately 1750 to 1820.
MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
(1750-1820)
• Also called “AGE OF REASON”.
• Dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of
musicians and artists.
• Instrumental music was patronized primarily
by the nobility.
• French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars
occurred.
• American Declaration of Independence in
1776 and The American Revolution.
oThe term “classical” denotes conformity
with the principles and characteristics of
ancient GREECE and ROMAN literature and art
which is formal, elegant, simple, freed and
dignified.
oHarmony and Texture are homophonic in
general.
oThe Dynamics of loud and soft were clearly
shown through the extensive use of
crescendo and diminuendo.
oA style of broken chord accompaniment
called ALBERTI BASS was practiced.
The Piano
• Hammered strings
• Louder than
harpsichord
• Pedals
Baroque vs. Classical Period Music
Despite the fact that the music of these two periods
of musical history are characterized by distinct differences
in musical style, there are still many similarities between
music of the Baroque period and music of the Classical
period. There is also considerable overlap between the
two periods.
That said, some of the general differences between
Baroque and Classical period music are detailed
on the following slides.
Baroque vs. Classical
Period Music
1. In the mid-1700s, a
new, more expressive
instrument, the piano,
gradually replaced the
harpsichord. A great deal of
music was written for the
solo piano during the
Classical period, which
paved the way for the
phenomenon of the "piano
virtuoso" to develop. Painting of young Mozart by
Saverio dalla Rosa (1745-1821)
Painting of
Ludwig van Beethoven
composing at the
piano
• He experimented in all
kinds of music and
composed over 700
works.
• Unfortunately, due to
mismanaged finances he
lived his life in poverty and
died young, and was
buried in an unknown
grave.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• His works:
- The Marriage of Figaro
- Don Giovanni
- The Magic Flute
- Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
- Piano Sonata no.11 in A
major (“Rondo”) 3rd mov.
1. The Marriage of Figaro
2. Don Giovanni
3. The Magic Flute
4. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
5. Piano Sonata no.11 in A
rd
major (“Rondo”) 3 mov.
Ludwig Von Beethoven
He began to go deaf in
1796 but continued
composing through the
help of an assistant and
hearing gadget.
1. Missa Solemnis
2. Symphony no.5, Op.67,Cm
3. Piano Sonata no.14 in C#
Minor (Moonlight Sonata)
4. Fur Elise
COMPOSERS
• Vienna
• Was one of the centers of music in Europe during the
classical period and Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven all
worked there
• Aristocrats from all over the world spent the winter in
Vienna and they often brought their musicians to
entertain them
• Music was an important part of life in the court and
having a good orchestra was a sign of prestige
70
1. SONATA
- A multi-movement work for solo
instrument.
- It came from the word “sonare”
which means “to make a sound”.
This term is applied to a variety of
works for a solo instrument such as
keyboard or violin.
Movements of Sonata
1st Movement:
ALLEGRO – fast movement
2nd Movement:
ANDANTE – slow movement
3rd Movement:
MINUET – It is in the three-four
time in a moderate or fast
tempo.
Example:
Sonata no.16 in C Major K545
by W.A. Mozart
1st Movement: ALLEGRO
2nd Movement: ANDANTE
3rd Movement: MINUET
SONATA ALLEGRO
- The most important form that
developed during the classical era
which consists of three sections.
Three sections:
1. Exposition – the first part of a
composition in sonata form that
introduces the theme.
2. Development – is the middle
part of the sonata-allegro form
wherein themes are being
developed.
3. Recapitulation – repeats the
theme as they first emerge in the
opening exposition.
Example:
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by
W.A. Mozart
2. CONCERTO
- Is a multi-movement work designed
for an instrumental soloist and
orchestra.
- It is a classical form of music
intended primarily to emphasize the
individuality of the solo instrument
and to exhibit the virtuosity and
interpretative abilities of the
performer.
Three movements:
1. Fast – sonata allegro form with
expositions of the orchestra and
then by the soloist.
2. Slow – has more ornamentation
than the first movement.
3. Fast – Finale: usually in a form
of rondo.
3. SYMPHONY
- Is a multi-movement work for
orchestra.
- The “symphony” is derived from the
word “sinfonia” which literally
means “ a harmonious sounding
together”.
- It is a classical music for the whole
orchestra, generally in four
movements.
Four movements:
1. Fast – sonata allegro form
2. Slow – gentle, lyrical
3. Medium/ Fast – uses a dance
form
4. Fast – Typically rondo or sonata
form
The Symphonic
Orchestra
4. CLASSICAL OPERA
- Opera is a drama set to music where
singers and musicians perform in a
theatrical setting.
Two Styles of Opera
1. Opera Seria (serious opera) – usually
implies heroic or tragic drama that
employs mythological characters,
which was inherited from the
Baroque period.
Ex. Idomeneo by Mozart
2. Opera Buffa (comic opera) – from
Italy made use of everyday characters
and situations, and typically employed
spoken dialogues, spiced with gags,
naughty humor and social satire.
Ex. – The Marriage of Figaro
- Don Giovanni
- The Magic Flute
The Opera
The type of opera audiences preferred during this period was the comic opera.
Also known as light opera, this type of opera often tackles light, not so delicate subject
matter where the ending often has a happy resolution. The term opera usually implies a
heroic or tragic drama. This was formerly called opera seria (serious opera) or grand
opera. These kind of opera employs mythological characters.
COMPARISON between BAROQUE
and CLASSICAL OPERA
TALANGAN INTEGRATED
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Talangan, Nagcarlan, Laguna