MinrûydEA¡Jffii

WrÞård\ilil#¡Afich
qb. rESr coDE Ol2l202O
FORM TP 2011005 rANUARy2oll

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS C OUNCIL

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION

CHEMISTRY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours and 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of SIX compulsory questions in THREE sections.

2. Write your answer to EACH question in the space provided in this answer
booklet.

3. Where appropriate,ALLWORKING MUST BE SHOWN in this booklet.

4. Return this booklet at the end of the examination.

5. The use of silent, non-programmable calculators is allowed.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright O 2010 Caribbean Examinations Council.

All rishts reserved.
O I2T2O2O I JANUARY/F 20 II
 'L-

SECTION A

Answer ALL questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet'

Do NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1'

1. It is possible to determine the end point of an acid-base reaction by measuring the temperature
changes when different volumes of a strong acid react with a strong base. Table 1 shows the
volumes of sulphuric acid used to react with2s cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide and the
temperature changes that occurred. Figure 1 shows the thermometer readings for the addition
of 10 cm3 and20 cm3 of the H"SO^.

TABLE, 1,: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Volume of HrSOo Added Temperature

(cmt) ("c)
0 22.5

J 29.5

6 36.0

l0
15 38.0
20
25 13.5

Addition of Addition of
L0 cm3 H2SO4 20 cm3 H2SO4

42"C

25.50C

24.5"C

Figure 1. Thermometer readings for acid-base reactions

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

 -3-

45

40

35

^30
O
o

À25

15

10

0 2 4 6 I 10 L2 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

Volume of HrSOo (cm3)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
O 12 I2O2O I JANUARY/tr 20 I 1
 (Ð Differentiate between a 'strong acid' and a 'weak acid'

( 2 marks)

(iÐ Suggest ONE other base that could be used instead of NaOH'

( lmark)

(iiÐ Using the thermometer readings in Figure 1, complete Table 1 by recording the
temperature for the addition of 10 cm3 and 20 cm3 of the HrSOo'
( 2 marks)

(iv) Plot the points for temperature against volume of acid added using the axes on
page3. ( 3marks)

(v) Draw the TWO lines of best fit through the points in (iv) above where the
temperature is increasing and where the temperature is decreasing and hence
determine the end point of the reaction'

Volume of HrSOo at end Point

( 3 marks)

(vi) Write a balanced equation for this reaction'

( 2 marks)

(vii) calculate the number of moles of NaoH used in the reaction.

( lmark)

(viii) Calculate the concentration of H"SO^ in mol dm-3

( 2 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

II
-f

-J-

(b) Paul conducted two experiments in the laboratory to identify carbon dioxide and
ammonia. Figure 2 shows the experimental arrangement of the procedures that he used
to test for the sases.

Test for Carbon Dioxide Test forAmmonia

Damp red lÍtmus

Ttrbe 1
Ammonium nitrate
Calcium and
carbonate Solution X dilute sodium hydroxide
and
nitric acid

Figure 2. Experimental arrangement for tesfing of gases

(i) Identify Solution X.

( lmark)
(iÐ Identify ONE flaw in the procedure that Paul used for carrying out EACH test.

( 2 marks)

(iiÐ Write a balanced equation for the reaction occurring in Tube 1.

Balanced equation:

( 2 marks)
(iv) Explain why nitric acid instead of sulphuric acid is used in the experiment in
Tube 1 in order to obtain a positive test result.

( 4 marks)
Total25 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

OI2T2O2O I JANUARY/F 20 11
 -6
J A group of students set up Experiments I and II as shown in Figure 3.

Experiment I Experiment II
Beaker B

50 cm3 water
50 cm3 water

KMnOo

Figure 3. Diagrams of Experiments I and II

(a) (Ð What changes would be observed in Beakers A and B over aZ{-hour period?

( 2 marks)

(iÐ How do the changes in Beaker A differ from that Beaker B?

( lmark)
(iiÐ Account for any differences in the observations (a) (ii) above.

( 3 marks)

(b) The students conducted a third experiment, Experiment III, to determine the heat of
solution of ammonium nitrate by mixing 8 g of ammonium nitrate with 50 cm3 water at
ïoom temperature. The temperature before and after the ammonium nitrate was added
to the water is given as:

Initial temperature = 27"C

Final Temperature = 19"C

(Ð State whether the process in Experiment III is exothermic or endothermic.

The process is
( lmark)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

O I212O2O I JANUARY/F 20 11
 -t-

(iÐ Draw a labelled energy profile diagram to show the heat changes involved in
Experiment IIL

( 3 marks)
(iiÐ Calculate the heat change when 8 g of ammonium nitrate is dissolved in 50 cm3
of water.

[RelativeAtomic Mass: N = 14; H = 1; O = 16; the specific heat capacity of the

solution is 4.2k1kg-t 1ç-t' densþ of water is 1.0 g cmrl

( 2 marks)
(iv) State ONE assumption necessa-ry in your calculation in (b) (iii) above.

( lmark)
(v) From your answer to (b) (iii), calculate the heat change when 1 mole of
ammonium nitrate dissolves in water.

( 2 marks)
Totål 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

01212020 I J ANUARY/F 20 11
 (a) Compound A (C3H6) and Compound B (C3H8) are hydrocarbons. Draw the FULLY
displayed structures and state the names of BOTH compounds.

CompoundA Compound B

Name: Name:
( 4 marks)

(b) One of these compounds feacts with bromine dissolved in trichloroethane.

(Ð State the observation for this reaction.

Observation:
( lmark)
(ii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

Equation:
( 2 marks)

(iiÐ Draw the FULLY displayed structure of the product in the equation in (b) (ii)
above and state the name of this product.

Structure

Name:
( 2 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

O 12I2O2O I JANUARY/F 20 11
-t

-9-

(c) The fully displayed structures of Compounds X, Y and Z are shown below:

HIIH
lrt
H-C-C-C-OH
++
tt,z7
H-C-C-C
o HHH
ttt
H-C-C-C-C
zzo
ttt \o ttt tott
HHH ti ti -cH, HHH

x Y Z

(Ð Wiite the names of the homologous series to which EACH of these three
compounds belongs.

CompoundX:

CompoundY

Compound Z:
( 3 marks)
(iÐ State which TWO of these compounds are soluble in water, and give a reason
for your choice.

TWO compounds: and

( 2 marks)
Reason:

( lmark)
Total L5 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

O T2I2O2O I JANUARY/F 20 11
 -10-

SECTION B

Ans,wer ÄLL questions in this section.

Write your anstyers in the space provided after EACH question tn this ails\rer booklet"

4. (a) The production of sugar from sugar cane is important to the Caribbean oeonomy. The
process of extracting suçrose from the juice of sugar cane involves several sfeps . Two
of these steps are:

(Ð Clarifying

(ii) Crystallizing

Outline what happens in EACH step. ( 4 marks)

(b) Table 2 shows selected properties of four Group II elements.

TABLE 2: ATOMIC RADIIAND IONISATION ENERGIES

OF SOME GROUP II ELEMENTS

Group II Element AtomicRadius þm) Ionisation Energy (kJ mol Ð

Magnesium 160 747
Calcium 197 s96
Strontium 215 558
Barium 2t7 512

(i) Outline the reason for the change in atomic radius from magnesium to barium.
( 2marks)
(iÐ 'With refe¡ence
Barium reacts more readily with wâter than magnesium doos.
to the data in Tâble 2, explain this observation. ( 2 marks)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

07272020 I J ANUARY/F 20 11
 - 11 -

(c) Two samples of aqueous sodium bromide are treated with chlorine gas and solid iodine
as shown in Experiments 1 and2in Figure 4.

ctr(Ð
-)>
in

Sodium bromide solution

Experiment 1: Bubbling chlorine gas Experiment 2: Stirring solid iodine

into an aqueous solution of sodium bromide in an aqueous solution of sodium
bromide

Figure 4. Experiments 1 and,2

(Ð State whether a reaction would take place in EACH case. ( 2 marks)

(ii) Write a balanced equation, where appropriate, for the reaction occurring in
(c) (i) above. ( 2marks)

(d) Sodium oxide and sulphur dioxide were each dissolved in water to form colourless
solutions.

(i) Describe a test that can be used to identify the solution formed with sulphur
dioxide. ( 2marks)

(iÐ 'Write ( Lmark)

a balanced equation to support the use of this test.

Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

OI2I2O2O I JANUARY/F 20 I I
 -t2-
Write your answer to Question 4 here.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

0 r2t2020 I JANUARY/F 20 1 I
 -14-

5. (a) Sulphuric acid is prepared industrially via the Contact Process represented in Figure 5.

r^-. r Stepr,
ffilr^r steprrr.
Steprr,
| oreum
^ I Stepr\'-ffi]
"-i.il-
lsurphurl#lAl+lIJ;;ä;lril | I *-l |

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the Contact Process

(Ð Describe the processes involved in converting sulphur to sulphur trioxide. In

your response,

a) identify A from Figure 5

b) include TWO balanced chemical equations for the reactions taking place
at Steps I and II

c) include the necessary reaction conditions for Step II. ( Smarks)

(iÐ Explain why concentrated H,SO, is used instead of pure water in Step III of
Figure 5. ( 2marks)

(iiÐ When sulphur trioxide gets into the atmosphere, it can form acid rain which can
destroy buildings made from limestone. Write an ionic equation which BEST
represents the chemical reaction taking place when acid rain reacts with lime-
stone. ( 2marks)

(b) Study Figure 6 which shows the structures of graphite and diamond.

Strong covalent
bonds

j+:¿;:; tt I

Graphite

Figure 6. Structures of graphite and diamond

With reference to this figure, explain why diamond is used for cutting and graphite is
not. ( 3 marks)

Total 15 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

Ti

-15-
Write your answer to Question 5 here.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

O I2I2O2O /J ANUARY/F 20 11
a

-t7-

SECTION C

Answer this question.

Write your answer in the space provided after the question in this booklet.

6. (a) Starch is a major constituent of wheat flour. Identify ONE OTHER major constituent
of wheat flour. ( Lmark )
(b) Baking powder and yeast can both be used as raising agents in bread making.

(Ð State ONE similarity and ONE difference in the way they act as raising agents.
( 3 marks)
(ii) Explain how the action of yeast during bread-making causes the dough to rise.
Include TWO chemical equations and the reaction conditions.
( 6 marks)
(c) Tamarinds grown in the Caribbean are a good source of Vitamin C which is acidic. They
can be used as tamarind drinks or as stewed tamarinds. Vy'hen preparing tamarind drink,
sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO' is often added. However, this is not necessary
when stewing tamarinds. Suggest a possible explanation for this practice. Write ONE
chemical equation to support this practice. ( 5 marks)

Total 15 marks
Write your answer to Question 6 here.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

OT2I2O2O I JANUARY/F 20 11
-

-18-

Write your answer to Question 6 here.

END OF TEST
O I2I2O2O I JANUARY/F 20 T I