Forced Vibration Experiment - Resonance of Spring PDF

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Programme : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons)

Course : Applied Mechanics Lab
Code : MEC 424
Lecturer : DR. AHMAD KHUSHAIRY MAKHTAR
Group : EMD4M5B
MEC 424 - LABORATORY REPORT
TITLE: Forced Vibration Experiment – Resonance Of Spring-

Dashpot System With Spring
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ABSTRACT
The experiment is study the for the spring-dashpot system where we to study
the effect of damping on the system. Through the experiment, we are to study the
damped frequency and relate it to the natural frequency as well study the occurrence of
resonance and its effect on the system. The experiment were carried out by using
Control Unit to control the Universal Vibration Systems Apparatus. The desired
frequency was adjusted to 5 Hz to 14 Hz. The experiment were then repeated with the
damper to off condition. The oscillation were recorded with the mechanical recorder
for oscillation with damper with length 150mm and 550mm. The damper distance will
give impact to the behaviour of the amplitude and its value. The resonance occur when
the applied frequency is same with natural frequency of the object. The natural
frequency is also been calculated in order to achieve the objectives. The knowledge of
the calculating the resonance frequency and natural frequency is very important in order
to prevent catastrophic disaster.
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….1
LIST OF FIGURE……………………………………………………………………3
LIST OF TABLE……………………………………………………………………..4
1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..5
2.0 THEORY…………………………………………………………………………6
3.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE……………………………………………….7
3.1 Apparatus Setup…………………………………………………………………..7
3.2 Procedure…………………………………………………………………………8
3.2.1 Condition 1: No Damped (650mm)…………………………………………….8
3.2.2 Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm)………………………………………..8
3.2.3 Condition 3: Damped – Close (150mm)………………………………………..9
3.2.4 Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)………………………………………9
4.0 RESULT…………………………………………………………………………10
4.1 Theoretical Result …………………………………………………………….....11
4.1.1 Condition 1: No Damped (650mm) …………………………………………...11
4.1.2 Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm) ………………………………………12
4.1.3 Condition 3: Damped – Close (150mm) ………………………………………13
4.1.4 Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm) …………………………………… ..13
4.2 Experimental Result……………………………………………………………...14
4.2.1 Condition 1: No Damped (650mm)……………………………………………14
4.2.2 Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm) ……………………………………....15
4.2.3 Condition 3: Damped – Close (150mm) ………………………………………16
4.2.4 Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm) …………………………………… .17
4.3 Percentage Error……………………………………………………………….....18
5.0 DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………65
6.0 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………….70
7.0 REFERENCE…………………………………………………………………….75
8.0 APPENDICES AND RAW DATA………………………………………………76
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: Overall Amplitude…………………………………….11
Table 2: No Damped (650mm)…………………………………14
Table 3: Damped - Open (150mm)……………………………..15
Table 1: Damped - Close (150mm)…………………………….16
Table 2: Damped - Closed (550mm)…………………………...17

LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1: Control Unit (TM150)………………………………………8
Figure 2: Universal system vibration………………………………….8
INTRODUCTION
The experiment of Forced Vibration for Resonance of Spring-Dashpot system
with spring is a vibration that takes place under excitation of external forces. The system
will vibrate at the excitation frequency when the excitation is oscillatory. Resonance
will occur if the frequency of excitation coincides with one of the natural frequencies
of the system and dangerously large oscillations may result. The failure of major
structures such as bridges, buildings, or airplane wings is an awesome possibility under
resonance. This experiment aims to determine the resonance of Spring-Dashpot System
in different damping conditions.
There are two different types of force can be imposed upon the system: one arising from
a base excitation, the other from a rotating unbalance. Many of the physical parameters
of the system can be changed, and the influence of these changes on the system’s
response can then be studied. The system is instrumented such that the absolute motion
of the mass and its motion relative to the base can be measured. Particular attention is
given to the phenomenon of resonance, the influence of damping, and the phase
relationship between input and output terms.
In engineering practice, we are almost invariably interested in predicting the response

of a structure or mechanical system to external forcing. For example, we may need to
predict the response of a bridge or tall building to wind loading, earthquakes, or ground
vibrations due to traffic. Another typical problem you are likely to encounter is to
isolate a sensitive system from vibrations. For example, the suspension of your car is
designed to resolve features a few nano meters in size. If the specimen vibrates with
amplitude of only a few nano meters, it will impossible to see. Great care is taken to
isolate this kind if instrument from vibrations. That is one reason they are almost always
in the basement of a building: the basement vibrates much less than the floors above.
Spring-mass system is used as a model of real engineering system.
THEORY
In order to define the resonance of the system, we need to determine the natural
frequency of the system in free vibration state. Thus, we may know the theoretical value
of the natural frequency. The exciter will be used to create a desired force to the system.
The exciter is a device that capable of create a different kind of signal such as sine,
cosine, rectangular and triangular.
The effect of damping is create a limit of maximum response amplitude and reduce the
sharpness of resonance, which can be defined as occurring when the drive frequency
equals to natural frequency of the system.
Based on our knowledge about resonance, the phenomenon only happens if the
frequency of the excitation coincidence with the frequency of the system. As the
reaction of the phenomenon occurs in a short period, the suitable frequency interval
need to be defined to record the amplitude that occurs.
From the theoretical data of natural frequency, frequency of the system need to generate
in order for the further progress of the experiment. A table consists of frequency input,
and the amplitude generated from the exciter need to create for analyse. From that a
discussion can be made according to this experiment.
The experiment is repeated with 2 conditions, both with closed damped condition but
with difference distance between the damper and the initial points of the moments.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Figure 1: Control Unit (TM150)
Unbalanced Mechanical Suspension Beam

Exciter recorder Spring
Damper Cylinder
Frame Table
Figure 2: Universal system vibration

Condition 1: No Damped (650mm)
1. The apparatus was set up except the damped.

2. The mechanical recorder was set up at the centre of the graph using adjuster.
3. The motor was run after the control unit was set 0Hz.
4. The vibration wave was plotted on the graph paper.
5. The data was taken from the graph.
6. The step 3-5 was repeated for 1Hz until 14Hz but between 8Hz until 9Hz, the
frequency was follow with 8.1Hz until 8.9Hz.
Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm)
1. The apparatus was set up.

2. The distance of damped was set up 150mm from the beam fulcrum.
4. The bolt of damped was opened before run the motor.
5. The control unit was set 0Hz and the motor was run.
Condition 3: Damped – Close (150mm)
1. The all apparatus was set up.

4. The bolt of damped was closed before run the motor.
Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)
1. The all apparatus was set up.

4. The bolt of damped was closed before run the motor.
4.0 RESULT Mohd Amirul Amri bin Ramli (2019801876)
Experimental result for undamped, damped (open needle 150mm), and damped
(closed needle 150mm), damped (closed needle 550mm).
Amplitude (mm)
Frequency
(Hz) Damped Damped Damped
Undamped
(Open),150mm (Closed),150mm (closed),550mm
0 0 0 0 0
5 0.3 1 0.65 2.5
6 0.5 3 4 5
7 0.8 3.1 3 1
8 2 1.5 1.5 8
8.1 2.3 1.5 1.5 8
8.2 3 1.5 1.25 9
8.3 4 1.4 1.25 9
8.4 4.5 1.4 1.25 8
8.5 8 1.25 1.25 7
8.6 8.2 1.1 1.25 6
8.7 17 1.1 1 8
8.8 13 1 1 5
8.9 8.5 1 1 4
9 7 1 1 4
10 2 0.95 1 2
11 1.1 0.75 0.75 1.5
12 1 0.75 0.75 1.5
13 0.8 0.75 0.75 1
14 0.8 0.75 0.65 0.8
Table 3: Overall Amplitude
Mass beam = 1.68 kg

Mass unbalance = 0.772 kg
Beam length, L = 700 mm @ 0.7 m
a = 650 mm @ 0.65 m
Spring constant, K = 3.0 N/mm @ 0.003 N/m
4.1 Theoretical Result
4.1.1 Condition 1: No Damped (650mm)
Angular natural frequency, 𝝎𝒏
𝟑𝐤𝓵𝟐
𝛚𝐧 = √
𝐈𝟎
𝟑(𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝟐
𝛚𝐧 = √
𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟐(𝟎. 𝟕𝟐 )
𝛚𝐧 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔𝐫𝐚𝐝/𝐬
Natural frequency, 𝒇
𝟏
𝐟= 𝛚
𝟐𝛑 𝐧
𝟏
𝐟= (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
𝟐𝛑
𝐟 = 𝟗. 𝟎 𝐇𝐳
Period time, T
𝟏
𝐓=
𝐟
𝟏
𝐓=
𝟗. 𝟎
𝐓 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐬
Unbalanced Force, F0
𝐅𝐨 = 𝐮𝐧𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 × 𝓵 × 𝛚𝟐
𝐅𝐨 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 × (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)𝟐
𝐅𝐨 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝐤𝐍
4.1.2 Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm)
Moment of Inertia, I0
𝐦𝐥𝟐
𝐈𝐨 =
𝟑
(𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟐)(𝟎. 𝟕)𝟐
𝐈𝐨 =
𝟑
𝐈𝐨 = 𝟎. 𝟒 𝐤𝐠𝐦𝟐
Damping ratio,
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
𝟐𝐈𝐨 𝛚𝐧
(𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
Natural frequency, 𝝎𝒅
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
4.1.3 Condition 3: Damped – Close (150mm)
Damping ratio,
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
(𝟏𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
4.1.4 Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)
Damping ratio, 
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
(𝟏𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟓𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − ( 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏)𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟕 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
4.2 Experimental Result
Frequency,f Amplitudes,x 𝝎 𝝎𝒏 𝝎 𝑭𝒐
(Hz) (mm) (𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔) (𝐫𝐚𝐝/𝐬) 𝝎𝒏 (𝒌𝑵)
0 0 0 0
5 0.3 31.41 0.56
6 0.5 37.70 0.67
7 0.8 43.98 0.78
8 2 50.27 0.89
8.1 2.3 50.89 0.90
8.2 3 51.52 0.91
8.3 4 52.15 0.93
8.4 4.5 52.78 0.94
8.5 8 53.41 0.95
56.26 1.588
8.6 8.2 54.03 0.96
8.7 17 54.66 0.97
8.8 13 55.29 0.98
8.9 8.5 55.92 0.99
9 7 56.55 1.005
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.1 69.11 1.23
12 1 75.40 1.34
13 0.8 81.68 1.45
14 0.8 87.96 1.56
Table 4: No Damped (650mm)
𝛚 = 𝟐𝛑𝐟𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 1 31.41 0.56
6 3 37.70 0.67
7 3.1 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.5 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.4 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.4 52.78 0.94
8.5 1.25 53.41 0.95
56.26 1.588
8.6 1.1 54.03 0.96
8.7 1.1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 0.95 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.75 87.96 1.56
Table 5: Damped - Open (150mm)
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 0.65 31.41 0.56
6 4 37.70 0.67
7 3 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.25 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.25 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.25 52.78 0.94
8.5 1.25 53.41 0.95
56.26 1.588
8.6 1.25 54.03 0.96
8.7 1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 1 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.65 87.96 1.56
Table 6: Damped - Close (150mm)
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 2.5 31.41 0.56
6 5 37.70 0.67
7 1 43.98 0.78
8 8 50.27 0.9
8.1 8 50.89 0.91
8.2 9 51.52 0.92
8.3 9 52.15 0.93
8.4 8 52.78 0.94
8.5 7 53.41 0.95
55.97 1.588
8.6 6 54.03 0.96
8.7 8 54.66 0.98
8.8 5 55.29 0.99
8.9 4 55.92 1
9 4 56.55 1.01
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.5 69.11 1.23
12 1.5 75.40 1.35
13 1 81.68 1.46
14 0.8 87.96 1.57
Table 7: Damped - Closed (550mm)
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
4.3 Percentage Error
No Damped (650mm)
𝛚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 −𝛚𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥
Percentage error (%) = | | × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝛚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
Damped – Open (150mm)
𝝎𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 −𝝎𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍
𝝎𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
Damped – Close (150mm)
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
Damped – Closed (550mm)
(55.97 56.55)
  100
(55.97)
 1.036%
Graph Presentation
amplitude vs frequency
18
16
14
12
10
0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
amplitude ratio vs frequency ratio

4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

9
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
4.0 RESULT
MOHD FAKHRUL NA’IM BIN HASNUL ‘SHAM (2019689486)
Experimental result for undamped, damped (open needle 150mm), and damped (closed
needle 150mm), damped (closed needle 550mm).
Amplitude (mm)
Frequency
Undamped
0 0 0 0 0
5 0.3 1 0.65 2.5
6 0.5 3 4 5
7 0.8 3.1 3 1
8 2 1.5 1.5 8
8.1 2.3 1.5 1.5 8
8.2 3 1.5 1.25 9
8.3 4 1.4 1.25 9
8.4 4.5 1.4 1.25 8
8.5 8 1.25 1.25 7
8.6 8.2 1.1 1.25 6
8.7 17 1.1 1 8
8.8 13 1 1 5
8.9 8.5 1 1 4
9 7 1 1 4
10 2 0.95 1 2
11 1.1 0.75 0.75 1.5
12 1 0.75 0.75 1.5
13 0.8 0.75 0.75 1
14 0.8 0.75 0.65 0.8
Mass beam = 1.68 kg

a = 650 mm @ 0.65 m
𝟑𝐤𝓵𝟐
𝛚𝐧 = √
𝐈𝟎
𝟑(𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝟐
𝛚𝐧 = √
𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟐(𝟎. 𝟕𝟐 )
𝛚𝐧 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔𝐫𝐚𝐝/𝐬
𝟏
𝐟= 𝛚
𝟐𝛑 𝐧
𝟏
𝐟= (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
𝟐𝛑
𝐟 = 𝟗. 𝟎 𝐇𝐳
Period time, T
𝟏
𝐓=
𝐟
𝟏
𝐓=
𝟗. 𝟎
𝐓 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐬
𝐅𝐨 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 × (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)𝟐

𝐅𝐨 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝐤𝐍
𝐦𝐥𝟐
𝐈𝐨 =
𝟑
(𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟐)(𝟎. 𝟕)𝟐
𝐈𝐨 =
𝟑
𝐈𝐨 = 𝟎. 𝟒 𝐤𝐠𝐦𝟐
Damping ratio,
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
(𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
Damping ratio,
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
(𝟏𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
Damping ratio, 
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
(𝟏𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟓𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − ( 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏)𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟕 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
0 0 0 0
5 0.3 31.41 0.56
6 0.5 37.70 0.67
7 0.8 43.98 0.78
8 2 50.27 0.89
8.1 2.3 50.89 0.90
8.2 3 51.52 0.91
8.3 4 52.15 0.93
8.4 4.5 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 8 53.41 0.95
8.6 8.2 54.03 0.96
8.7 17 54.66 0.97
8.8 13 55.29 0.98
8.9 8.5 55.92 0.99
9 7 56.55 1.005
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.1 69.11 1.23
12 1 75.40 1.34
13 0.8 81.68 1.45
14 0.8 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 1 31.41 0.56
6 3 37.70 0.67
7 3.1 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.5 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.4 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.4 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 1.25 53.41 0.95
8.6 1.1 54.03 0.96
8.7 1.1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 0.95 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.75 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 0.65 31.41 0.56
6 4 37.70 0.67
7 3 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.25 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.25 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.25 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 1.25 53.41 0.95
8.6 1.25 54.03 0.96
8.7 1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 1 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.65 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 2.5 31.41 0.56
6 5 37.70 0.67
7 1 43.98 0.78
8 8 50.27 0.9
8.1 8 50.89 0.91
8.2 9 51.52 0.92
8.3 9 52.15 0.93
8.4 8 52.78 0.94
55.97 1.588
8.5 7 53.41 0.95
8.6 6 54.03 0.96
8.7 8 54.66 0.98
8.8 5 55.29 0.99
8.9 4 55.92 1
9 4 56.55 1.01
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.5 69.11 1.23
12 1.5 75.40 1.35
13 1 81.68 1.46
14 0.8 87.96 1.57
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
No Damped (650mm)
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(55.97 56.55)
  100
(55.97)
 1.036%
Graph Presentation
18
16
14
12
10
0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

9
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
4.0 RESULT MOHD ASYRAAF BIN MD DIWI 2019893516
Amplitude (mm)
Frequency
Undamped
0 0 0 0 0
5 0.3 1 0.65 2.5
6 0.5 3 4 5
7 0.8 3.1 3 1
8 2 1.5 1.5 8
8.1 2.3 1.5 1.5 8
8.2 3 1.5 1.25 9
8.3 4 1.4 1.25 9
8.4 4.5 1.4 1.25 8
8.5 8 1.25 1.25 7
8.6 8.2 1.1 1.25 6
8.7 17 1.1 1 8
8.8 13 1 1 5
8.9 8.5 1 1 4
9 7 1 1 4
10 2 0.95 1 2
11 1.1 0.75 0.75 1.5
12 1 0.75 0.75 1.5
13 0.8 0.75 0.75 1
14 0.8 0.75 0.65 0.8
Mass beam = 1.68 kg
a = 650 mm @ 0.65 m
3kℓ2
ωn = √
I0
3(3000)(0.65)2
ωn = √
2.452(0.72 )
ωn = 56.26rad/s
1
f= ω
2π n
1
f= (56.26)
2π
f = 9.0 Hz
Period time, T
1
T=
f
1
T=
9.0
T = 0.111 s
Fo = unbalance mass × ℓ × ω2
Fo = 0.772 × 0.65 × (56.26)2
Fo = 1.588kN
ml2
Io =
3
(2.452)(0.7)2
Io =
3
Io = 0.4 kgm2
Damping ratio,
cl2
=
2Io ωn
(5)(0.15)2
=
2(0.4)(56.26)
 = 2.5 × 10−3
ωd = ωn √1 − 2
ωd = (56.26)√1 − (2.5 × 10−3 )2

ωd = 56.26 rad⁄s
Damping ratio,
cl2
=
2Io ωn
(15)(0.15)2
=
2(0.4)(56.26)
 = 7.5 × 10−3
ωd = ωn √1 − 2
ωd = (56.26)√1 − (7.5 × 10−3 )2

ωd = 56.26 rad⁄s
Damping ratio, 
cl2
=
2Io ωn
(15)(0.55)2
=
2(0.4)(56.26)
 = 0.101
ωd = ωn √1 − 2
ωd = (56.26)√1 − ( 0.101)2
ωd = 55.97 rad⁄s
0 0 0 0
5 0.3 31.41 0.56
6 0.5 37.70 0.67
7 0.8 43.98 0.78
8 2 50.27 0.89
8.1 2.3 50.89 0.90
8.2 3 51.52 0.91
8.3 4 52.15 0.93
8.4 4.5 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 8 53.41 0.95
8.6 8.2 54.03 0.96
8.7 17 54.66 0.97
8.8 13 55.29 0.98
8.9 8.5 55.92 0.99
9 7 56.55 1.005
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.1 69.11 1.23
12 1 75.40 1.34
13 0.8 81.68 1.45
14 0.8 87.96 1.56
ω = 2πfexperimental
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 1 31.41 0.56
6 3 37.70 0.67
7 3.1 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.5 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.4 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.4 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 1.25 53.41 0.95
8.6 1.1 54.03 0.96
8.7 1.1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 0.95 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.75 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 0.65 31.41 0.56
6 4 37.70 0.67
7 3 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.25 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.25 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.25 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 1.25 53.41 0.95
8.6 1.25 54.03 0.96
8.7 1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 1 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.65 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 2.5 31.41 0.56
6 5 37.70 0.67
7 1 43.98 0.78
8 8 50.27 0.9
8.1 8 50.89 0.91
8.2 9 51.52 0.92
8.3 9 52.15 0.93
8.4 8 52.78 0.94
55.97 1.588
8.5 7 53.41 0.95
8.6 6 54.03 0.96
8.7 8 54.66 0.98
8.8 5 55.29 0.99
8.9 4 55.92 1
9 4 56.55 1.01
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.5 69.11 1.23
12 1.5 75.40 1.35
13 1 81.68 1.46
14 0.8 87.96 1.57
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
No Damped (650mm)
ωtheoretical −ωexperimental
Percentage error (%) = | | × 100%
ωtheoretical
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
𝜔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 −𝜔𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
Percentage error (%) = | 𝜔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
| × 100%
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
𝜔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(55.97 56.55)
  100
(55.97)
 1.036%
Graph Presentation
18
16
14
12
10
0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Mohd Amirul Asyraaf Bin Mohd Hizam (2019813794)
4.0 RESULT
Experimental result for undamped, damped (open needle 150mm), and damped
(closed needle 150mm), damped (closed needle 550mm).
Amplitude (mm)
Frequency (Hz) Damped Damped Damped
Undamped
0 0 0 0 0
5 0.3 1 0.65 2.5
6 0.5 3 4 5
7 0.8 3.1 3 1
8 2 1.5 1.5 8
8.1 2.3 1.5 1.5 8
8.2 3 1.5 1.25 9
8.3 4 1.4 1.25 9
8.4 4.5 1.4 1.25 8
8.5 8 1.25 1.25 7
8.6 8.2 1.1 1.25 6
8.7 17 1.1 1 8
8.8 13 1 1 5
8.9 8.5 1 1 4
9 7 1 1 4
10 2 0.95 1 2
11 1.1 0.75 0.75 1.5
12 1 0.75 0.75 1.5
13 0.8 0.75 0.75 1
14 0.8 0.75 0.65 0.8
Mass beam = 1.68 kg

a = 650 mm @ 0.65 m
𝟑𝐤𝓵𝟐
𝛚𝐧 = √
𝐈𝟎
𝟑(𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎. 𝟔𝟓)𝟐
𝛚𝐧 = √
𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟐(𝟎. 𝟕𝟐 )
𝛚𝐧 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔𝐫𝐚𝐝/𝐬
𝟏
𝐟= 𝛚
𝟐𝛑 𝐧
𝟏
𝐟= (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
𝟐𝛑
𝐟 = 𝟗. 𝟎 𝐇𝐳
Period time, T
𝟏
𝐓=
𝐟
𝟏
𝐓=
𝟗. 𝟎
𝐓 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐬
𝐅𝐨 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 × (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)𝟐
𝐅𝐨 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝐤𝐍
𝐦𝐥𝟐
𝐈𝐨 =
𝟑
(𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟐)(𝟎. 𝟕)𝟐
𝐈𝐨 =
𝟑
𝐈𝐨 = 𝟎. 𝟒 𝐤𝐠𝐦𝟐
Damping ratio,
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
(𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
Damping ratio,
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
(𝟏𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
Damping ratio, 
𝐜𝐥𝟐
=
(𝟏𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟓𝟓)𝟐
=
𝟐(𝟎. 𝟒)(𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)
 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏
𝛚𝐝 = 𝛚𝐧 √𝟏 − 𝟐
𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − ( 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏)𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟕 𝐫𝐚𝐝⁄𝐬
0 0 0 0
5 0.3 31.41 0.56
6 0.5 37.70 0.67
7 0.8 43.98 0.78
8 2 50.27 0.89
8.1 2.3 50.89 0.90
8.2 3 51.52 0.91
8.3 4 52.15 0.93
8.4 4.5 52.78 0.94
8.5 8 53.41 56.26 0.95 1.588
8.6 8.2 54.03 0.96
8.7 17 54.66 0.97
8.8 13 55.29 0.98
8.9 8.5 55.92 0.99
9 7 56.55 1.005
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.1 69.11 1.23
12 1 75.40 1.34
13 0.8 81.68 1.45
14 0.8 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 1 31.41 0.56
6 3 37.70 0.67
7 3.1 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.5 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.4 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.4 52.78 0.94
8.5 1.25 53.41 56.26 0.95 1.588
8.6 1.1 54.03 0.96
8.7 1.1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 0.95 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.75 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 0.65 31.41 0.56
6 4 37.70 0.67
7 3 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.25 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.25 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.25 52.78 0.94
8.5 1.25 53.41 56.26 0.95 1.588
8.6 1.25 54.03 0.96
8.7 1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 1 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.65 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 2.5 31.41 0.56
6 5 37.70 0.67
7 1 43.98 0.78
8 8 50.27 0.9
8.1 8 50.89 0.91
8.2 9 51.52 0.92
8.3 9 52.15 0.93
8.4 8 52.78 0.94
8.5 7 53.41 55.97 0.95 1.588
8.6 6 54.03 0.96
8.7 8 54.66 0.98
8.8 5 55.29 0.99
8.9 4 55.92 1
9 4 56.55 1.01
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.5 69.11 1.23
12 1.5 75.40 1.35
13 1 81.68 1.46
14 0.8 87.96 1.57
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
No Damped (650mm)
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(55.97 56.55)
  100
(55.97)
 1.036%
Graph Presentation
18
16
14
12
10
0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

9
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

9
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
4.0 RESULT MOHD FIRDAUS BIN MOHD ROSLI 2019660514
Amplitude (mm)
Frequency
Undamped
0 0 0 0 0
5 0.3 1 0.65 2.5
6 0.5 3 4 5
7 0.8 3.1 3 1
8 2 1.5 1.5 8
8.1 2.3 1.5 1.5 8
8.2 3 1.5 1.25 9
8.3 4 1.4 1.25 9
8.4 4.5 1.4 1.25 8
8.5 8 1.25 1.25 7
8.6 8.2 1.1 1.25 6
8.7 17 1.1 1 8
8.8 13 1 1 5
8.9 8.5 1 1 4
9 7 1 1 4
10 2 0.95 1 2
11 1.1 0.75 0.75 1.5
12 1 0.75 0.75 1.5
13 0.8 0.75 0.75 1
14 0.8 0.75 0.65 0.8
Mass beam = 1.68 kg
a = 650 mm @ 0.65 m
3kℓ2
ωn = √
I0
3(3000)(0.65)2
ωn = √
2.452(0.72 )
ωn = 56.26rad/s
1
f= ω
2π n
1
f= (56.26)
2π
f = 9.0 Hz
Period time, T
1
T=
f
1
T=
9.0
T = 0.111 s
Fo = unbalance mass × ℓ × ω2
Fo = 0.772 × 0.65 × (56.26)2
Fo = 1.588kN
ml2
Io =
3
(2.452)(0.7)2
Io =
3
Io = 0.4 kgm2
Damping ratio,
cl2
=
2Io ωn
(5)(0.15)2
=
2(0.4)(56.26)
 = 2.5 × 10−3
ωd = ωn √1 − 2
ωd = (56.26)√1 − (2.5 × 10−3 )2

ωd = 56.26 rad⁄s
Damping ratio,
cl2
=
2Io ωn
(15)(0.15)2
=
2(0.4)(56.26)
 = 7.5 × 10−3
ωd = ωn √1 − 2
ωd = (56.26)√1 − (7.5 × 10−3 )2

ωd = 56.26 rad⁄s
Damping ratio, 
cl2
=
2Io ωn
(15)(0.55)2
=
2(0.4)(56.26)
 = 0.101
ωd = ωn √1 − 2
ωd = (56.26)√1 − ( 0.101)2
ωd = 55.97 rad⁄s
0 0 0 0
5 0.3 31.41 0.56
6 0.5 37.70 0.67
7 0.8 43.98 0.78
8 2 50.27 0.89
8.1 2.3 50.89 0.90
8.2 3 51.52 0.91
8.3 4 52.15 0.93
8.4 4.5 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 8 53.41 0.95
8.6 8.2 54.03 0.96
8.7 17 54.66 0.97
8.8 13 55.29 0.98
8.9 8.5 55.92 0.99
9 7 56.55 1.005
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.1 69.11 1.23
12 1 75.40 1.34
13 0.8 81.68 1.45
14 0.8 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 1 31.41 0.56
6 3 37.70 0.67
7 3.1 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.5 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.4 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.4 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 1.25 53.41 0.95
8.6 1.1 54.03 0.96
8.7 1.1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 0.95 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.75 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 0.65 31.41 0.56
6 4 37.70 0.67
7 3 43.98 0.78
8 1.5 50.27 0.89
8.1 1.5 50.89 0.90
8.2 1.25 51.52 0.91
8.3 1.25 52.15 0.93
8.4 1.25 52.78 0.94
56.26 1.588
8.5 1.25 53.41 0.95
8.6 1.25 54.03 0.96
8.7 1 54.66 0.97
8.8 1 55.29 0.98
8.9 1 55.92 0.99
9 1 56.55 1.005
10 1 62.83 1.12
11 0.75 69.11 1.23
12 0.75 75.40 1.34
13 0.75 81.68 1.45
14 0.65 87.96 1.56
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
0 0 0 0
5 2.5 31.41 0.56
6 5 37.70 0.67
7 1 43.98 0.78
8 8 50.27 0.9
8.1 8 50.89 0.91
8.2 9 51.52 0.92
8.3 9 52.15 0.93
8.4 8 52.78 0.94
55.97 1.588
8.5 7 53.41 0.95
8.6 6 54.03 0.96
8.7 8 54.66 0.98
8.8 5 55.29 0.99
8.9 4 55.92 1
9 4 56.55 1.01
10 2 62.83 1.12
11 1.5 69.11 1.23
12 1.5 75.40 1.35
13 1 81.68 1.46
14 0.8 87.96 1.57
ω  9  2π
ω  56.55 rad/s
No Damped (650mm)
ωtheoretical −ωexperimental
ωtheoretical
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
Percentage error (%) = | 𝜔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
| × 100%
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(56.26- 56.55)
  100
(56.26)
 0.515%
(55.97 56.55)
  100
(55.97)
 1.036%
Graph Presentation
18
16
14
12
10
0
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

9
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
5.0 DISCUSSION
Mohd Amirul Amri bin Ramli (2019801876)
From this experiment, the objective is to determine the resonance of Spring-Dashpot

System in different damping conditions. The damper has two types which are close and open
damper conditions. The natural frequency, resonance frequency, frequency ratio and amplitude
ratio are obtained from this experiment. The frequency that calculated is 9.0 Hz. The resonance
will occur if the frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the system. The theoretical
value of the natural frequency of the system are obtained. Then, tabulate the table of data using
the value the value that obtained. The occurrence of the resonance happens such a short time.
Then, resonance amplitude is recorded.
However, the are several errors during the experiment conducted. It might affect the
data that obtained in this experiment. The apparatus that recorded the amplitude in this
experiment was no precise as it may lead to miscalculations of data. Besides, the actual natural
frequency may vary from our theoretical value. This will affect the percentage error. The
condition and surrounding may affect the system during this experiment occur. Apart from
that, the graph also plotted with the amplitude versus frequency.
DISCUSSION
MOHD FAKHRUL NA’IM BIN HASNUL SHAM (2019689486)
Based on the experiment that have been conducted, we manage to determine the
natural frequency and resonance of spring-Dashpot system in different damping condition.
It is found that the higher amplitude of sinusoidal graph for the no damper condition is
17.0 mm at 8.7 Hz frequency. Then, when we applied open damper with distance 150 mm
from the vibrator, 6.61mm at 0.78 Hz frequency is the highest amplitude for the
experiment. Then, closed the damper with distance 150 mm, we get the higher amplitude
of the experiment is 3.78 mm at 0.78 Hz frequency. Lastly, for the closed damper with
further distance 550 mm, produce the higher amplitude of the experiment is 7.55 mm at
0.93 Hz.
After data was taken, we calculate the damping ratio and non-dimensional amplitude
from this different conditions of damper. Hence, after get the value we compare the
condition in the graph. Thus, we assume that we can decrease the vibration of the object
by adding damper. Then, the theory is right that when the frequency is equal with natural
frequency, the resonance occur.
Lastly, we use damper to absorb the vibration. The application has been use wisely.
For the example in civil engineering to build bridge, they need to use damper to absorb the
resonant portions at the whole wave frequencies band with the help of so called mass
dampers.
DISCUSSION
MOHD ASYRAAF BIN MD DIWI 2019893516
From the experiment result that we obtained, we can know that the external force did
not affect the natural frequency for the same system. From the result that we got, the vibration
will become slightly overwhelming when the frequency approaches the natural frequency of
the system and make the amplitude will be slightly increase. When the frequency is only at 8.0
to 9.0 we can see the increasing of this amplitude. But, the graph will be drop after the
frequency passed through the natural frequency of the system. This is happen because of the
vibration become steadier as it passes the natural frequency.
Based on our experiment, we also found that there are no vibration occurs throughout
the experiment. This happen at the condition 4 damped 550 mm (closed). We found there is no
vibration occurs because the damper is to close with the source of the vibration. This will cause
the damper absorbs the vibration and reduce the amplitude of the vibration. Besides of that,
when the damper in close needle valve condition, the value of amplitude is highly reduced. So,
the result only straight line will be recorded for the graph during experiment.
However, there are several errors occur that affect the result of the experiment. For
example we can say that the error occur when we try to set the frequency. This may happen
because the control unit for the frequency is very sensitive and it may change the frequency
automatically during the experiment. Besides that, parallax error also occur in this experiment.
It happens when we measure the amplitude response.
So, there are several precautions that can be take. Make sure to use the sharper marker
so that it can react smoothly with the vibrations. Lastly, make sure there is no external vibration
occur during the experiment that will cause the increasing the vibration towards the table. If
this happens, it may affect the result.
DISCUSSION
Based on the experiment, the main objective which is to determine the resonance of Spring-
Dashpot system in different damping conditions were obtained and achieved. First of all,
resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when the frequency at which a force is periodically
applied is equal or nearly equal to one of the natural frequencies of the system. Because of that,
it will cause the system to oscillate with larger amplitude compared when the force is applied
at other frequencies. Them amplitude for each condition had been recorded and the values of
resonance also had been calculated.
The value of resonance that had been calculated in theoretical and experimental show some
different. However, this value affects the percentage error between theoretical and
experimental value which is %. Therefore, it shows that there have some error occurred during
the experiment that affects the value of the resonance.
The error that occurred during the experiment is systematic error which is cause by the spring
that has lost its stiffness overtime thus decreasing the natural frequency of the system. This
happen because of the whole system is repeated used by other student for the lab experiment.
Next, human error also occurred during the experiment when counting the time to stop and this
can cause unstable frequencies. Lastly, the stiffness of the spring also effect the experiment
because it will affect the absorption of vibration.
DISCUSSION
MOHD FIRDAUS BIN MOHD ROSLI 2019660514
From the result obtain, the resonance of spring have been determined. In this
experiment, the resonance for frequency 5.0Hz to 14Hz was determined. To be detailed, the
frequency 8.0Hz to 9.0Hz was determined each 0.1Hz, until it reach 9.0Hz.
It was tested for no damper, damper with 150 mm closed and open needle and 550 mm
closed. The amplitude for without damper shows that it maximum amplitude was at 8.5Hz
which is 1.9 cm. While for 150 mm closed and open needle both shows it maximum amplitude
at 9.0Hz which is 1.850 cm and 1.800 cm respectively.
The result shows that the resonance becomes higher in the middle of 8.0Hz to 9.0 Hz. However,
it drops when the frequency was set at 10.0Hz. For the 550 mm closed damp, there is no sign
of resonance and it may be occurred in small value. This is maybe occur due to the damper was
close to the mechanical recorder. So the vibration that produced by the unbalance exciter have
been absorbed by the damper.
While carried out this experiment, there are some errors that occur. Firstly, the pen position
(the resonance marker) was not in fixed position. The holder was loose and the marker tend to
move when the unbalance exciter vibrate. Second, since we are using two device to obtain the
resonance, the volume or density of oil in the tank damper maybe not in same state. The effect
of the absorption may not equal.
Another error that may occur is parallax error, this error occur when we want to measure the
amplitude. The amplitude was so small and there is no specific measuring tools to measure it.
The position of eye may affect the reading.
6.0 Conclusion
Mohd Amirul Amri bin Ramli (2019801876)
Based from the experiment, the experiment is a success although the graph is slightly
different from the theoretical graph. This experiment had achieved the objective and improve
the understanding about this topic. The objective of this experiment which is to determine the
resonance of Spring-Dashpot System in different damping conditions. To get the resonance
frequency, the applied frequency and the natural frequency of the object must be the same. The
formula that is need to be used in this experiment are need to derive. From this experiment, the
resonance frequency and natural frequency can be calculated. However, the precaution steps
must be improved to avoid more errors.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the main objective of the experiment had been achieved. However, there are
some differences values between theoretical and experimental. In addition, this error also can
be minimized by some adjustment to the system of the experiment. Furthermore, the
recommendation for this experiment is to replace the old material in the system to better quality
of material which can retain their stiffness even it had been used often. Next, control unit such
as valve should be installed to the damper. The function is to control the amount of pressure
that needs to be added on the system to avoid an over reduction of the system of the system
natural frequencies.
CONCLUSION
MOHD ASYRAAF BIN MD DIWI 2019893516
As conclusion, the resonance of Spring-Dashpot System in different damping condition

are determined. We manage to find the value of 𝜔𝑛 and 𝜔𝐷 for every experiment. Next, through
calculation we obtained values for 𝜔𝑛 = 56.26 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠 followed by 𝜔𝐷 = 56.26 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠 for
experiment 2, 𝜔𝐷 = 56.26 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠 for experiment 3, and 𝜔𝐷 = 55.97 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠 for experiment
4. We can conclude that the experiment was a success because the error of this experiment is
below than 10%.
CONCLUSION
MOHD FAKHRUL NA’IM BIN HASNUL SHAM (2019689486)
In this experiment, we want to know the resonance phenomenon, the concept of the
natural frequency, damped frequency and all the parameters concerned during this experiment.
We need to know and do some revision concerning all the idea of this experiment before it
conducted. Based on our results, maybe it will achieve our objectives. The most important
things are the understanding of the concept involve approach to practice in prefer way. The
equipment used for this experiment is well maintained for our use. Besides that, we tend to use
completely different angles so as to ascertain the various result that we tend to get.
Besides that, the information that we tend to calculated might vary from the theoretical
values. For the future, an improved understanding concerning the equipment and theory
involved is important for obtaining precise and correct result. The surrounding environment
also disturb the natural frequency of the system. Apart from that, time management is
extremely vital throughout this experiment conducted.
However, all errors that occurred throughout this experiment result in differing of real
and theoretical results. So a deeper understanding on a way to practice using the given formula
is extremely important. Then, this experiment will be done with success supported the
procedure and facilitate from the supervisor. We can conclude that this experiment had
achieved overall objectives and we had a better understanding about this subject.
The experimental approach that we've used is to use the concept of natural frequency,
resonance phenomenon and the damped frequency. We've minimized the increment value of
frequency was start from 6.5 to 8.5 to get the resonance because the resonance happens in a
very short time. For the future studies, I believe that the equipment should more economical
and user friendly like the marker pen and the paper or even we can use the computer recording
information in order that the information that we tend to get is more precisely.
CONCLUSION
MOHD FIRDAUS BIN MOHD ROSLI 2019660514
In a nutshell, after performing this experiment, we are able to identify the phenomenon of
resonance of Spring-Dashpot System in four different damping condition. When there is no
damper, the vibration will continue until the frequency almost reaches the state of resonance.
The nearer the damper located with the most affected vibration area, it will have a very short
amplitude as it is being absorbed by the damper itself. Therefore, it is highly recommended
that this experiment completed by connecting the apparatus to a laptop with Measurement &
Automation Explorer to obtain a better results in future.
REFERENCE
1. Zamri, A.R., “Vector Dynamics and Vibration”, Forced Vibration, 2nd ed.,
Universiti Teknologi Mara, 2008.
2. Meriem, J.L., Kraige, L.G., “Engineering Mechanics Dynamics”, Forced
Vibration System, 5th ed., Wiley, 2002
3. World Wide Web, “http://www.idspackaging.com”, Testing Machines, Retrieved
26 November 2011.
4. Mechanics of Materials, 8th Edition in SI Units, Pearson by R.C. Hibbeler.
5. World Wide Web, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance.
APPENDICES AND RAW DATA
Appendix B: (iii) Summary of result for M3

.
Teamwork Assessment Form
Name
1 : MOHD FAKHRUL NA’IM BIN HASNUL ‘SHAM
2 : MOHD AMIRUL AMRI BIN RAMLI
3 : MOHD AMIRUL ASYRAAF BIN MOHD HIZAM
4 : MOHD ASYRAAF BIN MD DIWI
5 : MOHD FIRDAUS BIN MOHD ROSLI
1 2 3 4 5
Scale
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You will rate yourself and your team members on the following criteria
Earned Assessment
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I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5
I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5
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I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5
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Total 50 50 50 50 50
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Member 1: EXCELLENT WORK

Name
1 : Mohd Amirul Asyraaf Bin Mohd Hizam (2019813794)
2 : Mohd Amirul Amri Bin Ramli (2019801876)
3 : Mohd Asyraaf Bin Md Diwi (2019893516)
4 : Mohd Fakhrul Na’im Bin Hasnul Sham (2019689486)
5 :Mohd Firdaus Bin Mohd Rosli (2019660514)
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Name
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2 : Mohd Amirul Asyraaf bin Mohd Hizam (2019813794)
3 : Mohd Asyraaf bin Md Diwi (2019893516)
4 : Mohd Fakhrul Na’im bin Hasnul ‘Sham (2019689486)
5 : Mohd Firdaus bin Mohd Rosli (2019660514)
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FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Programme : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons)

MEC 424 - LABORATORY REPORT

TITLE: Forced Vibration Experiment – Resonance Of Spring-

REPORT SUBMISSION: 31/05/2020

Table 1: Overall Amplitude…………………………………….11

Table 2: No Damped (650mm)…………………………………14

Table 3: Damped - Open (150mm)……………………………..15

Table 1: Damped - Close (150mm)…………………………….16

Table 2: Damped - Closed (550mm)…………………………...17

In engineering practice, we are almost invariably interested in predicting the response

Figure 1: Control Unit (TM150)

Unbalanced Mechanical Suspension Beam

Figure 2: Universal system vibration

1. The apparatus was set up except the damped.

Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm)

1. The apparatus was set up.

1. The all apparatus was set up.

Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)

1. The all apparatus was set up.

Mass beam = 1.68 kg

Angular natural frequency, 𝝎𝒏

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

4.1.4 Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − ( 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏)𝟐

Damped – Open (150mm)

Damped – Close (150mm)

Damped – Closed (550mm)

Condition 1: No Damped (650mm)

Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm)

amplitude ratio vs frequency ratio

Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)

amplitude ratio vs frequency ratio

Mass beam = 1.68 kg

Angular natural frequency, 𝝎𝒏

𝐅𝐨 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 × (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

4.1.4 Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − ( 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏)𝟐

Damped – Open (150mm)

Damped – Close (150mm)

Damped – Closed (550mm)

Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm)

Condition 3: Damped – Close (150mm)

Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)

amplitude ratio vs frequency ratio

Angular natural frequency, 𝝎𝒏

ωd = (56.26)√1 − (2.5 × 10−3 )2

ωd = (56.26)√1 − (7.5 × 10−3 )2

4.1.4 Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)

Damped – Open (150mm)

Damped – Close (150mm)

Damped – Closed (550mm)

Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm)

Mass beam = 1.68 kg

Angular natural frequency, 𝝎𝒏

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − (𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 )𝟐

4.1.4 Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)

𝛚𝐝 = (𝟓𝟔. 𝟐𝟔)√𝟏 − ( 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏)𝟐

Damped – Open (150mm)