5 ‫ادويـــة‬ ‫بصريات‬/‫هرحلة ثاًية‬  ‫حسي عبذ الهادي الجابري‬

‫هعقن‬ ‫تثبيط‬
Antiseptic : is a chemical compound that kills or inhibits the growth of
microorganisms when applied to a living tissue like skin and mucous membranes, etc. to
reduce the possibility of infection ‫ عذوى‬and sepsis ‫ تلوث الذم‬.

‫هطهر‬
Disinfectant : is a chemical compound that prevents infection by the destruction of
harmful micro-organisms when applied to inanimate objects‫جامذة‬ ‫اجسام‬
like forceps‫ماللط‬,
bedding ‫ االسرة‬and floor ‫ االرضيت‬.

‫تعقين‬
Sterilization : refers to a physical or chemical process that completely destroys or
removes all microbial life, including spores( ‫)االبواغ المختصت بعمليت تكاثر الفطرياث‬.

‫حفظ‬
Preservation : is the prevention of multiplication of microorganisms in formulated
products ‫ منتجاث مصاغت‬, including pharmaceuticals and foods.

Cleaning: refers to the physical removal of foreign material from a surface.

‫هبيذات للجراثين‬ ‫عوامل‬

Germicides : agents that destroy the microorganism include bactericide,
fungicide and virucide.

Antiseptic properties that should possess it: ‫خصائص الوطهرات التي يجب أى توتلكها‬
1. Chemical stability
2. Economical
3. Non-staining with acceptable color and odor ‫رائحت‬
4. High degree of germicidal potency ‫ ; فعاليت‬germicidal, not only static but capable of
destroying spores as well
5. Wider spectrum of action

An antiseptic should be-

1. Rapid in action and exert sustained lethal action ‫ممارست تأثير لاتل مستمر‬
2. Safety‫ آمنت‬of the antiseptics, they should not cause harmful effects like
hypersensitivity, tissue irritation, or interfere with healing processes
3. No systemic toxicity (Non-absorbable)
4. Active even in the presence of body fluids e.g.- blood, pus (exudate present in an
infection ‫)اإلفرازاث الموجودة في االصابت‬
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 5 ‫ادويـــة‬ ‫بصريات‬/‫هرحلة ثاًية‬  ‫حسي عبذ الهادي الجابري‬
A disinfectant should be-
1. Non-corrosive ‫غير لابل للتآكل‬
2. Good penetrating agent ‫عامل اختراق جيذ‬
3. Compatible with other organic compounds like soap ‫متوافك مع المركباث العضويت األخرى مثل الصابون‬
Indications of antiseptics use ‫هؤشرات استخذام الوطهرات‬
1. Reducing of microbial counts on the skin of patient, surgeon hands and inanimate
objects.
2. For treatment of fresh wounds or infected wounds

Factors modifying the action of antiseptics and disinfectants ‫العىاهل التي تؤثر عول الوعقوات والوطهرات‬
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Concentration of the compound
4. Time of contact with the microbes
5. Nature and amount of microbes
6. Nature of the compound
7. Nature of the surface to which they are applied
‫آليات عول بعض الوعقوات والوطهرات‬
Mechanisms of action of some antiseptics and disinfectants
Target Antiseptic/ disinfectant Mechanism of action
Cell envelope ‫غالف خليت‬ Ethanol They cause membrane
(cell wall, outer damage
membrane) Phenols disrupting the cell membrane and
leakage of cell component
Quaternary ammonium disrupt the cell membrane
compounds‫مركباث األمونيوم الرباعيت‬
Cross-linking of Formaldehyde (formalin) Cross-linking of proteins,
macromolecules RNA, and DNA
enzymes Boric acid It inhibits enzyme functioning
Oxidizing agents Peroxygens Hydrogen peroxide: activity due to
formation of free hydroxyl radicals
(·OH), which oxidize and disrupt
thiol groups in enzymes and
proteins.
Halogens (iodine, oxidize and disrupt enzymes and
chlorine) proteins
proteins Heavy metals inactivates proteins