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Titluri conexe
Despre carte
Lucrarea, rodul experienþei unui colectiv de autori foarte experimentaþi în
pregãtirea elevilor la clasã, pentru evaluãri ºi pentru concursuri, este un
auxiliar ideal de alãturat oricãrui manual de matematicã de clasa a VI-a.
Materia conþinutã în programa ºcolarã de clasa a VI-a este aprofundatã pe
teme, fiecare debutând cu un foarte sintetic breviar teoretic urmat de exerciþii
ºi probleme pentru aplicarea noþiunilor matematice. Cei care se pregãtesc
pentru concursuri ºi olimpiade ºcolare au la dispoziþie, spre rezolvare, un
capitol de probleme cu grad ridicat de dificultate. De asemenea, lucrarea
cuprinde un capitol separat de teste de autoevaluare, unele dintre ele fiind
concepute dupã modelul celor utilizate la tezele cu subiect unic.
Secþiunea finalã a cãrþii conþine rezolvãrile aplicaþiilor ºi este utilã pentru
verificarea promptã a valorii experienþei câºtigate de fiecare elev.
Despre autori
Membrii colectivului de autori care au contribuit la alcãtuirea lucrãrii,
cadre didactice de specialitate, se bucurã de competenþã profesionalã ºi o
vastã experienþã la catedrã, dublate de cunoºtinþe psihopedagogice ºi meto-
dice, punând în practicã, în activitatea didacticã de fiecare zi, conceptele
privitoare la procesul educaþional, la cel de predare-învãþare, precum ºi la
procesul de evaluare în cadrul disciplinei.
Autorii sunt foarte cunoscuþi ºi prin alte auxiliare ºcolare publicate.
ªtefan Smarandache Petre Simion
Victor Bãlºeanu Victor Nicolae
Suzana Basarabescu Aurelia Vidovici
MihaiContanu IonMarin
VictorPândaru ValericaNiþã
Matematicã
Exerciþii ºi probleme
clasa a VI-a
© Editura NICULESCU, 2010
Adresa: Bd. Regiei 6D
060204 - Bucureºti, România
Comenzi: (+40)21-312.97.82
Fax: (+40)21-316.97.83
E-mail: editura@niculescu.ro
Internet: www.niculescu.ro
ISBN 978-973-748-528-1
Toate drepturile rezervate. Nicio parte a acestei cãrþi nu poate fi reprodusã sau transmisã sub nicio formã ºi prin niciun mijloc, electronic sau
mecanic, inclusiv prin fotocopiere, înregistrare sau prin orice sistem de stocare ºi accesare a datelor, fãrã permisiunea Editurii NICULESCU.
Orice nerespectare a acestor prevederi conduce în mod automat la rãspunderea penalã faþã de legile naþionale ºi internaþionale privind proprie-
tatea intelectualã.
CUPRINS
ALGEBRÄ
⇒
⇒
1 1 + 12 =223
1 1 12 1
+ 11 341
= 111 + 11 2 = 345
12 + 21 + 11 + 22
123 231 312 12
+ + 1
1 =++ 23 24 +++ 32 34 42 43
12 1 12
1 1 1 1
12 12 1 12
1 1 11
11 12 12 1
1 1 1 11 11 1
12 1 1 2
1 11 1 12 11 2
1 2
1 12 1 2 12 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 2 1 1 11 2 1 2
11 2 1 2 11 2 1 23
123
123 1 1 123 1 12
1 1 2 1 1 2
111 2 1 3
1 12 1 23
1 12 1 2 1 1 2 1 23
12 1 1 1 12 + 21 2 1 343
1 123 + 12 + 1 2 1 3 1 12 + 1 2 1 3
12
12
12
111 12 + 21
1 234 =5 1 234 35
11 1 2
= 12 13 45 =
6 123143 56 =3
12 1 1 3 12 1 1 34
12 1 1 34
112 1 12 1 12 1 2 11 2 1 23 1 1 2 1 23
11 2 1 23
1+ = { 12 121 2 ∈2 2 32 ≠ }
14 21 = 121 5 14 3 =13
166 16
34 516 =3 1 7 84 5216 = 8 21
9 99
12 −1 345 34−
671829 = 6 5734859 = 5
2 + 1 2 + 111 + 1 2
3 22 2 3 321113 4 =
1+ 1 + 111 + 1
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 22 1
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4
5 5 5 5 6 7 5 6 7
1
12 = 1 12 = 12 = 1
2 2 2
12 = 12 12 = 12
1 1
1 21 + 3
11 − 2
1 +3
12 12
1 + 1 11 + 2
1 +3 21 +1 1 +2 1 +1
12 1
1 1
2 2 3 2
1 1 12 12 12
1 3 1 − 14 3 1 − 4536 − 15
1 21 − 3 1 −3
1 12 12 1
2 23 3 23
12 12 123 1 ⋅2 1 ⋅2
23 34 45 1 ⋅2 32
1 1 1 − 1 45 2 11 + 2 23
34 56
5 5 6 7 7 28
11 1 11 + 2 3 1 2
34 56 45
56 7 1+ 2 1 1− 6 1+7
1 45 2 1 45 2 1 1
2 45 1
6 7 67 68 16 7 8
1 3 2 56 1 1 4 2 67 3 1 4 21 67 13
78 9 2 19 23 89 2 2 8⋅ 2 8 ⋅ 2 8 ⋅
1 2 3 1 2 1 2 33
+ 4 4 3 4 4
6 7⋅ 6 7 8⋅ 21 + 4 2 51 + 62 1 +2 11
1 + 22 21 + 2
1 ⋅2
1 ⋅ 2 1 ⋅2 1 + 2+ +
3 +444 3 55
1⋅2 1 ⋅2 1 ⋅2 2+6 + 7+ +444 755
1 + 2+ 3+ 444
+ 155
1 +1 +
⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅6 8+ 444+ ⋅ 6 755
6 7 6 3 1
+
+1 +
+
1 ⋅2 + 1+ 1 ⋅2 + − 1 + ⋅2 ∈1
+ + + 3 1
1 3 1 1 2 1 2
⋅
+ ⋅ + ⋅
+ + + +
1 ⋅ 2 + − 1 + ⋅ 2 1 ⋅2 − 3
+
+2⋅ 1 2
+
1 ⋅2 + 1 ⋅2 1 ⋅ 2 + 3+2 ⋅ 1 2
1
{
=∈ 2 ∈ 114 12
2
5 =∈ 1 13∈ 2 4
2
3
−2
5
21 =∈{ 15 ∈ 112 }
623 =∈ ∈
11
{ 5 34 6
72 + 8 2
2 =∈ 1 ∈ 114 12
{ }5 =∈ ∈ 1 13 {1 4 1 +3 }5
1 +6
1
12 =∈ 16 ∈1 11+ 23 }7
13 =∈ 1 ∈1 { 6 4 1 + 25 }8
1 +2 11 + 9
11 + 2 11 + 2 11 + 2 121 + 3
1 +3 31 + 4 31 + 4 41 + 1
11 + 2 11 + 22 11 + 2
31 + 4 31 + 4 31 + 1
12 + 21 2 + 12 11 + 12 + 21 + 22
11 + 22 1 1+ 2
11 11 11 2 11 2 112
2 2 2 23 12
11+ 22 11 + 22
31 + 3 2 + 3 1 + 12 +3
123 − 1 − 2 − 3 ∈1
12 12 + 1 3
12
=1
1 +2
1 45 2 1 1
34 1 2
45 1 1
34
6 1 5 6 6 1 5 6
1
2 2 1
1 45 2 45 1
45 45
2
6 21 6 78 16 7 26 6
1 1 1 1 2 31 1 2
2 2 4 4 44 3
3 4 5 12 5 16 5 26 1 5
1 2 1 1 2 3
3 3 4 4
4 5 16 32 5 1
1 2 1 2 1 1
3 3 2
4 5⋅ 45 ⋅ ⋅
45 45 ⋅ 3 ⋅4⋅ 5 3 ⋅ ⋅4 5
1
3
2
3
1
1
4 24 3
45 65 75 156 7 6 166
1 2
+
1
+2
1
+ 2
1
+2
3
1
3 3 3 3114 134 2 13 4
12 22 2
+ 1 + 1
1
+ 23 + 4 + + + +
2 3 14 5 46 43 3 4 5 3 13 1
1 2
+ + 3
1
+ 2
+ 3
1
+2+1
45 35 36 4 25 21 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
2 2 2 ⋅
2 3 2 3 ⋅ 23 ⋅
1 1 2 2
+ 1 + 1 + +
2⋅3 2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3 3 4 ⋅⋅ 5⋅ 3 5 ⋅ 4 5
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 2
3 2
3 2
3 22
3
1 1
2 1 21
3
21 2
1
2
11
3 3 34 34
11 12 12 12 12
2 3
3
3
3
1
1 + 2 2 + 1 2
1
+21
3 4 3 3 4
1 1 1 11 1 1
2 + 3 2 + + 2 + +11
4 5 3 4 13 2 3 4
1
1
+ 2 + 43 3 + 1
+2 2 + 2
+2 +31 1
5 4 6 34 25 45 14 5 6
2 + 1 + ( 41 + 141 ) 2 1 + +3 1+ + 4 1
4 3 ( )
3 5
+ + 1 1 2 + 1+ + 3 + 1 + 1 1 ( )
( )
1 2
+ 3+
4 3 2 24 5 6
1 = 2 1 = 1 1
3 2
1 + 2 = 1 1 1 + 2 = 1 1 + 2 = 12
2 2 23
1 2 3 144 1 1 1 1
+64 + 64+ + 555 64 1155 + 2 155
64 + 3 +155+ 444 155 155
1 +1 1+ + +1555 +1 2+3 + + + 555
44
2 3 6 177 2 3 6 177
1 1 1
+ 1 1
+ 1 +
11 22 12 22 121 22 2
1 1 1
+ + + 1+ 222
1 1 1 1
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
4
3
4
4
3
4 4
3
4
4
3
4
1 1 1 1 1 2 12 2
3
2 4 3
2 4 24
3
5
24
3
56
123 4 1 2 1 1 1
32
5
6
22
3
11
3
2
4
2
13
1 1 1 1 1
2 32 2 34 1 + 2 1 3 1 1 23
1
2 4 5 15 2 4 5 4
23
1
4
+ 1
15
3 + 1 4 5 2
6 7
23 ( 1
4
+ 1
5
) 12
5
4 ( 1
6
+ 3
57
)
2 +13
( + )( ) + (
1
2 1
2
4
3
1 35
3 1 2
4 53
6 37
3 3
5 5
8 6
)( ) ( 11
4
15 6 1
) 4
16
1
5
4 1 3 1 + 1
(
12 3 4 3
6 )
1
5
3
1
1
21 3
2 5 6 ( )
1 = 1 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 1 =21 3 4 1 3 1
2 2 2 4 4 4
1 + 2 = 12 1 + 2 = 1
3 2
1 = 1
2
1
1 2
+ = 2 3
1 + 1 = 23
1 23
1
= 4 1 + 1 3 2 = 4 1
+ 1 23 = 45
2 4 5 5 6 36
(4
1 +2 +3 + + 888
4556
1 2 ( 455
) 7 7 7
+9 + + +
4 1 2 ) 7
888
455
12 12 1 12 2 3331 2
4 4 4 4
1 3 2 +1 32 1 2331 133 +1 2 2 1 2 2 1
22 111
1 2 11 2 1 2 1 2
34 34 34 34
5 5 56 56 56 56 25 25
1 1 12 12
23 34 12 34 12 12 12
34
4 5 5 6 5 6 56 75
1 2
11 34 2 12 45 3 34 2 34
1
1
34
2
12 45 3
15 6 26 7 56 5 5 56 78 67 38
1 2 3 4 5
6666 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 1 22 3 4
5 5 5 1 6 2 6 3 45
6
44444 3 13 4 5 6 6 7 8 28 7 8 47 14
1 2 33 3 4 12 12 12 12 12 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 45
5 5 5 5 3333
74
4 4 4 6 6 6
66 6 66 4 5 651 25 6 7 5 2 7 48 89
1= +1 1 +1 + + 1 222 1= 1+ 1+ 1+ + 1 222
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1= 23 4 (
+ 1+ +1
6 7
555
188
1
) 1= 1+ 2+3 + + 44
555
2 3 6 177
1 12
⋅ 2
1 23
⋅ ⋅ 3
12
⋅ 3
12 34
⋅
3 4 4 35 4 56 4 56 1 56
12 34 122 31
⋅
12
⋅ 13 ⋅
12 32
⋅
5 62 45 612 34 152 42 45
1 2 3 1 2
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅3
12
⋅ 2
⋅1
2 3 4 4 45 4 3 45 3
12 31 11 112 132
⋅ ⋅ 2
⋅3 ⋅ ⋅ 4
14 5 4 55 6 152 67 12
1
⋅ 3 2 3
1
⋅ 2 2 3
1
⋅ 2
⋅4 1
45 6 4 35 5 45 6
1
⋅ 3 2 ⋅ 42
12
⋅ 3 1 ⋅1 3
56 3 4 4 5 6
1 2
3 ⋅ ⋅ 3
1
⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 2 3 ⋅ 1
⋅4 2
4 35 4 5 45 1
1 2 1 2 1
34 2 ⋅ ⋅ 2 3 ⋅ ⋅ 2 3 ⋅ ⋅2
56 78 34 3 24 5
( 3
)⋅ +
⋅ 1
23
4
2
5
3
6
⋅( 2
) 1
3 2 4
5
1
4
6
2
7
5 6 5 ( + ) ⋅ 6
24 2 ( +) ⋅ (+ +) ⋅
1 2 3 1 1
2
1 1
3
7 7 1 2 4 3 5
( )( ⋅ ) 1 + 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1
( )
1 3 2 2 2
4 4 3 4 5
5 6 72 8 2 6 3
( 1 1 1 ) ⋅
2 6
⋅ 1 6
( + ) (+ )⋅
23 4 5 12 3 44
4 5
8 9 1
7 27 4 6 74 42 2 8
1 + 1 3 1 45 = 2
13
1
4
= 2
56
( 1 +1
4 ) 23 = 1
3
6 6 6
1 + 2 = 12
1
1 + 2 = 1 1 + = 1
2
2 2
12 2 = 13
1 2 3 144
1= 1⋅ ⋅2⋅ 3⋅ 555
144
1= 6⋅ ⋅7⋅ 8⋅ 555
149
6 7 8 699
21 2
⋅ 1
⋅ 2 22
⋅ 11
212 11 22 1 21
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 2 +3
1 2 1 2 12 1
3 3 3 4 21 3
4 5 4 5 25 2
12 2 1 23 122 32
32 4 5 4
4 5 6 7 56 37
1 2
⋅ 31 1
122 12 3
4 4
12 34 5
6 ⋅
4 5 6 51 6 7 357 78 1
1 2 3 1 2 1 2
45 ⋅ 4 ⋅3 34 4
63 7 8 35 26 2 5 6
1 1 1
2
2 3 1 2
2 4 2 3
3 2
3 1 3 4
( 1
5
+2
4
) 3 44 1 2
4
5 6 7
⋅ 3
+ 5 1
18
( 1
1
6 6
)
+ 2 2 5 34
3
1
4
3 ( 2
5
+1
4
)
2
3
1
( 1
4
+ 23 ⋅ 4 )
2
1
3
1 = 2 1
4
⋅ 1 2 1 = 3 3 ⋅ ( 1 + 1 = 2
4 ) 4
1
2
1 +11=
3
1
14
+444 3 5 +8 2+ +6 +7
13 ++72++ 9++3 444
+ 9 +5 +7+ 12 +1
444 7
444
1 5
5
16
1
2
6
2 3 4
6 6 6 777 6
3 4 8
55
199
1 1 1 1 1 4 + 2+ 2+ + 333 2
2 + + + + 333
22 2 2
( ) ( 1 ) ( ) ( 1 ) ( 11 ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1
2 34
2
22
1
2
1
2
12
3
1 ⋅ 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ⋅) ( ) ( ⋅) ⋅ ( ) ( ⋅)
2 2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 1
( ) (⋅ ) ( )⋅ (1 ) (⋅ ) ( ⋅ ) ( ) (⋅ ) (⋅ ) ⋅ ⋅ ( )
1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1
222
4 3 5 1 4 4 5 3 3 3 3
() ()1
3
2
1
3
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1) ( )1 ( ) 1
1
3
2
1
3
1
3
2
1
3 3
2
3
2
3
1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( )⋅
1
3
2
1
3
1
3
( ) ( +) ( )⋅
3
5
( ) (⋅ ) ⋅( )⋅
4 3
5 2
2 1
3
1
3
222
1
3
1
2
( )
( )
1
2
( )
1
2
1
2
( ) ()
1
2
() 1
2
1 + 1
() () ( ) ()
1
3
1
+ 2 ( 1) ( 4)1 2 +1
2 2 4 4 5 3 3 3
( ) +( ) ( +) ( )
11
33
1
3
1
3
2
( ) ( ) ⋅ ( 1 + 1 1 )
1 1
2
3
1
2
2
4 2 3
( 4 + ) ( ) ( 1) 1 12( 1) ( 2) ( )2
1 21 3
5 6
7 7 28 3333
( ) ( )
1
5 6
3
1
5
4
2
(1 + 1 + )1 ( ) 1 16 1
4 5
2 3
1 11
() ()( )
+ + + 1 + 333 ⋅ 2
2 2 2 2
() 1 + 2+ 2+ + 333
2
() ()
2 ⋅ 1+ 21 ++ 333 21 14 1+
5 5
5
5 5
() () () ++1 333
5
()
( 1) (12 ) (1 2) 12 333 2
4( )
4 4 4
1
3 + 41 ⋅ 2 1 4 2 5 3
6 3 6
1 1 1
⋅ + 12
2 3
1 2
5 6
⋅ + 73 4 21
1
3
1
4
2
+ 1 3 41 3 + 2 4 3 12
1
3
1
4
1
5 5 1 5 6 36 5 6 7
( 1
6
3
2
6
) 45 (1
3 4
6
) ⋅ ( )
2
37
56 23
1
2
4
15
1
( 1 )⋅
1
5
21
1
6
34
1 +1 12 1 + ( + )( ) (
1 11
2 3
1
4 3
1
() ⋅ ) +
45
1 1 2
3
3
3 3 5 2 6 17 5 3 15 6
( 12
1 1
4
2 () 5
3
1 1
42 ) 6
2
7
( + )( ⋅ ) +
3 2
4 5 6 6
1 2
1 1 2 2 3
1 + 1 ⋅ 2
() () 5 4 5 + 67 ⋅ 8
()
1 ⋅ 2 4 3 5 3 ( ) ()
3 2
2 6 7 38
3
()
1 4 235 4 6
3
1 + 1 ⋅ 12 4 1 5 3 ( )1 3 1 4 12
( )
7 38
9
39 6 7 8 9 9 2 5 6
1 1 13 1 +
(1 2 ) ( ) 12 3 1 3 1 + 1 4 1 ( )
4 5 6 4 5 65 12
1 2 1
⋅ 3 13 4 1 + 1 1 ⋅ 2 4 1
4 4
2
1
4
( 5 2
) 6
1 + 1 2 1 1 2
( ) ( ) 13 12
1 1 2 + 1 + 2 3 1 ( ) 3
1 ⋅ 2 3 13 1
()
4 56 71 4 8 15 4 5 6 12 2
2 1 3 1 1 ⋅ 2 3 1 4 2 1 3 1 1
( ) ( )
5 6 7 18 9
12 1
2 +1
3
( 1) 2( )1
3 3
3
() 3
45
2 4 4
+ 1
6 53 16
12 1 2 1
3
() ()
3 3
( 1 11 ) ⋅
3
5
4
6
2
7
12 1 + 1
4 34 56 ( 1 + 1 ) ⋅ 18
9 7 6
111
1 +2 +3 +4441+ 1 55
1 11
6 17 55 8 95 8 7 8 44481
( 222
1 1 1
23 24 + + ( 2
1
25++ ) 666
2 22
2177
)
8 3 4 99
12 2 3 1 43 5 61 1753 1 2 3 1 3 41 41 3
88 8 88 8 555 5555
19 199 19 1999 19 19 19 4 6 47 146 67 46 8 9
1 2 13 4 52 36 1 23 425 673 243
7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8
5 5 8 5 11 5 5 29 29 29 29 22
12 ( 1) +32( ) 1 (42
+) (1)52=5
( ) +( 1)24 +1 +555( 1) = (2 6) 1
12 31 72 89
231 − 1 123 45 6
1
23 4 5
1
14 7 6
1
2 34 ( 1)
5
1 + 23 4 +13 5 2 3 45 ( 6) 3 1 2 1 3 452
6 7 6
( 34 5 6 )6 713 (4 )6 8395
2
1
12 3 ( 4) + 5(21) 6 7 1 12 (3) 4 52
()6 4( )527 ( )4 52 8
8
( 231 + 431) ⋅ 1
5
2 1 ⋅13 42
5
12 1
4 54
34 (5)+ 34( )⋅6 77 23+ 23 ( ⋅ ) 6
1
1 2 34 ( 5 ) 12 3 451( 6 ) 23 4 + 23 ( 4) 5
6 17 6
(12 3 4 12 5 ) 6 ( 7 1 31 )
8
4
12 (3) 4 52( )5 ⋅
6
1
12 17
(
3 452 + 45 1 + 657 3 1 )
4
1
12 ( 3)+ (12)+4 ( ⋅)12 5
13
23 ()4 + 23
()5+ ()23 6 +7 + } ( 14 1
8 19
1
)
) ⋅)(1 5 13 6 7 4 1 + 1
( 231413141
6 2 8 ( )
1 + 1 = 23 4
5
1
1 + = 2
23
1 1
+ 1 = 23 1 12 = 34 ( 5)
4 3
1 1
12 = 34
5 23 ( 4 ) 1 = 1
6 5
1
12 = 34 5
6
1
21 = 34 5
6
23 1 + 1 = 24 5 2
1
1 + 34 ( 5 ) = 1 1
5 2 6
1 2
3 1 + =4
5 6
1
1 + 1 1 3 1 = 12
4 5 5
1 2
34 ( 5) 1 + 1 =
6 7
1 1 1 3 2 + 1 1 1 = 14 5 1 + 15
6 7 7
1
12 1 = 1 + 34 56
7
121+⋅ ( 1 1
13 4 (=) 5 41 1 6311 2+ +) 5 637 137 631
4
341(5 1 +64 7 ) =34 7 ( 1 + 182341
6 )
1 +1 1
+ = 1 + 2 1
+ 1 + 2 = 3 45 6 1 +
1 1 2 21 + 3
=
3 4 5 4 5 26 7 34
34 ( 1) 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 + 2 ( )
141 5 1 6
1 + 1 = 1 + 23
35 6 13 73
1
1 3 67 3 87
=
{ 9 2 4 52 4 2 41
}
1 + 1 < 1 1 1
⋅ ( 1 2 1)13
2 3 4
1
12
113 4
5
1 + 1 < 22
3 4
1
21 1 1
2
11 1 < 14 + 23
3
21 + 345 1 3 1
5
1
1
1 + 1 < 12
3 3 4
1 2 23
14 1
5 6 5
(
2 1 +1
3 ) 1 13
1
4 ( 1 + 23 4 ) < 1 + 45
23 4 1 + 1 +1 <23 5 +23 5 1 123 6
7
1 1
1
2 2
1
2
1 1
2 2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 1 1
1 = 2=
21
23 = 1 = 1
4 4 4 4
1
≠
2
1 2
= 3⇒ ⋅ =3 ⋅
1 4 2 1
4
1
2 = ⋅2
122
1
= 1
233
1 1 1
= == 111 ∈ 2 2 2 1 22 3
3 3 3
1
= 2⇒ =1 2=⋅ 3 45 789
3 1 1
1 1 1
= = = 111 ∈2 2 2 1 32 2
4 4 4
3 3 3
= 3 1 = 1 ⋅ 2 =4 5689
1 1
2
1234526 892565 9596
1 2 =
1234526 892565 6
1 23
11 22
45 34
3 6 2 1
1 1
1 23 4
5 16
1 1 1 1
23 2 34 1
4 5 5 2
1
1
7 8
3
1
45 6 ⋅
8 8 ( 2 1)
3
1 1
= 12 = 1
2 2
1 = 12 3 1 = 1
2 2 2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
= 1 34 1 = 2
1
=1 1
= 1 34 2 = 2
2 1 5 3 6 2 2 2 2 2 3 5
1
= 1
2 2
1
11
1 + 2 1 +2
11 + 2
2 22 + 11 11 2 2 22 3 1
11
= 2
32 1
1
1
+2
11 2 2
2 1 +2 12 1 + 12
1 + 2 + 1+ 22 3456
1
+2=1
2 1 2 1 7
11 +
2
++ +322 33 + 1
++89
5 67 = 2 3 1 4
1 2 3 1 2 3 2
1 2
34 1
45
23
12 3 56 42 1
5 6 6 7 72 8 72 18
1 12 4 12 3 3 123
34 56 45
256 257 7 42 8 6 126
1 2 1
3+ +1 2
34 ( 5) 2
1
4 56 4 3 4 67 5 78 6 1 2⋅ 12
34
⋅
7 8+
3 1
+ 2 31 34 ( 9 ) 6+
1 1 2⋅ 12 ⋅
4 13 3 2
1
= 1
2 2
11 1 + 2 1 2 2 1 1 + 2 1 +2
22 11 31 2 2 1 +2 1 ⋅2 1
2
1
= 1 + 2 = 11 + 1 2 = 2 1 + 12
= 2 11 + 22
=1
1 1
12 2 3 12 2 3 11 + 2 3 31 4 2 5 21 + 3 2 4
+ 2 2 = 3 4 56758769 1 + 2
11 + 2 = 2 3 456476589 1 + 1 2
1
+ 31 1 + 32 1 + 2 11 + 2
1 1 2 = 3 4 56758769 1 + 2 2
+2 21 1 2
1
= 1
1
= 2
1
= 2
1
= 1
2 3 1 3 1 3 2 3
1
= 23
1
= 12
12
= 23
1
= 1
4 1 3 4 1 4 2 3
12 12
1
= 1
1
= 2 = 1
=3
2 3 1 3 3 4 4 1
1 1 1 1
2 2
12 5 6 3 4
1
= = 1
=1
341 5 1 5 2
1
+1 12 (3) +42( ) 5
1
= 2 3
=124 +12 6
1 4 1 123
5 61
5
1+ 1 1
( 2
) = 12
4
3
5
13 ( 16 4 26 ) = 5 72 4 82
⋅(1 7 1 ) 6
2
9 ( 8 )
1 4 2
1 1 11
12 12
3 = 4 ( 234 + 235 ) = 12
1 +1 1 1 6
3
12 1 1
1
=
( 1 5 )
4
3
6
123(4) +123
( ) 5 61
( )23 7
= 1
78 5 + 78 9 3 81
8
12 ( 3) 4 1(21) 3 ⋅ 56 12 ( 7 )
= 1
= 1
1 12 ( 8) ( 354 6 35 1 7 8 ) ⋅ 23 4
9
11
= 2 1
=23 1
= 21
3 4 4 5 34 2 5
1
1 1
+ 2
1
= 2 11
= 23 3 4
=
31 24 34 5 + 346 2 5 61
2
7
1
+ 1 =2 1 23
1
⋅ 1 +1
1 4 2 3
= =
3 4 1 42 5 3 2
5
1 + 1 = 1 +2 11 2 3
= 4
1 +1 = 2
3 4 5 31 1 +3 4
= 1 + 1
1 12
1
= 23
11 2 3 4
=
2 3 1 +2 24 1 +3 5
1
= 23 + 32 11 + 22 = 3 + 1 11 + 21 = 2 3
1 2+3 ( + 2)
22 1 11 11 + 22 23 + 3
1 1 1 1 123 1 1 1
2 2 2 23 31 23 23 2
1 1
=
2 2
2
Num12 42567895 1 2 4 7
25 56 4
x 1 2 3 4
y= 2x
1 = 1 2
4 4
5 6 7
3
}
111 1
2 2 34 1 =
5 6 7 15
11 1 1
2 34 34 1 =
5 6 7 18
1 = 1
2
1 1 1
2 34 34 1 + 2 +13 =
5 6 7
1 1 1
21 2 45 16+ 27+ 78 3=
9 7
1⋅ 2⋅3 = 12
3
1222 3 =1
3
2
12345 muncitori 1 2 3 4
12345 758 12
x 1 2 4 8
1= {151672 2 34 2
1
=5262
5 }
1 = 1 121 121 134 2 =52627
5 6
{
7
} }
1 1 1
2 2
3 4 5
1 1 1
2 2 34 1 = 5
5 6 7
1 1 1
2 45 45 1 = 1
6 7 7
1 = 1
12
{ 12 22 3} 4565 1 2 1 2 1 74 1 + 2 + 3 118
8 9
= }
{9 }
{ 12 22 3} 4565 1 2 1 2 1 74 8 1 + 9 2 3 =
1 1 1
5 2 6 34 17
{ 12 22 3} 3454 1 1 1
2 2 63
8 7 9 } 1 + 2 + 3 = 117
{ 12 22 3} 3454 {18 2 19 2 1} 63 1⋅ 2⋅3 = 718
1 1
4 23 5
{ 1 + 2+2 +2 32 3 1 } 3454 {1 2 1+2 11+} 7(3+= )(
1 2 )(
2 3 ) 3 189
{ 1 + 2+2 2+ 32 1 3 } 3454 {678267++=9231 } 1 2 93
1
12
1 + 1 + 1 = 23
1 2 3
123
12311
Nota 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12345 7879
Media 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12345 7879 – – – 1 3 4 6 7 6 3
Procent
1
2
1 2345 17
1 1
8 8 =
1
− 1 2345 <7
1 1
x y x·y/x: y
+ + +
– – +
– + –
+ – –
1
1=
2 }
−23 4353 3 −6
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
1 2 = ∈5
{
1 = ∈2 1∈5 1 6 = ∈ 15−3∈ 162
2
} { } { 2
}6∈ 34 4 2 2
2
1
1 = {∈ 2 1− 5∈12}6 { = ∈5 − ∈
1 }6 3 { 3 2 1 =5 ∈ 2}− ∈
4 4 2 2 27
2 2 2
1 =∈ 15 3∈ 16 2 =∈ 23 4
{
1 =∈2 1 5∈ 1 6
2 −2
} { 5
2 +2
∈6 } { } 4 2 2
2 +3
2
16 2 23 ∈61 24
{
1 =∈ 2 1 5∈
2−3
}{
=∈ 5 3∈ 62 1=∈ 5
32 − 2 {} 4 2 2
72 + 3
1
12
1 =
{∈ 4−12 ∈ 2− 3
2
{
2 =∈ 1 1 ∈3 1 − 1 1=∈ 4 3∈ 1 2 3
1+2
1 4 }
1 +1 1 −1
1 +1
21 =∈
{
1 4∈ 5 3 1=∈
1 4 ∈ 6 2 21 + 3 1
} { }
1−2 1−2
1 −1 1+2 1 +1 1 +2 11 +2 1 −3 1
= = = +
2 3 3 4 1 2 3
11 − 2 1 1 1 +2 11 1 1 −2 1 1 +1 1 2 + 3 1−
− = + − = + − =
3 4 5 3 3 4 1 4 1 4 25 35
GEOMETRIE
1
2 45
6
⇔
∅
∅
1 1
12 =
23 12 = 13
2 2
12 1 32 32 + 12
34 = 23 42 =
4 4
34 = 12 + 32 23 42 = 12 1 32
4 4
′′′ ⇒
⇒ ′′′
⇒
1 (1123 ) 2
=
1 (1324 ) 3
′
′
′
′′′
′
′ ′′
1
2
1
2
1 (1123 )
1 (1421 ) ( 2 1) 1123 =
3
′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
⇔ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ⇒ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′ ′ ⇒ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ⇒ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′ ′ ⇒ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ⇒ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ⇒ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′ ′ ⇒ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′ ′ ⇒ ∆ ∆′ ′ ′
∆
′ ′ ′
′ ′ ′
∆ ∆
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
⇒
⇒
′ ′ ′ ′′ ′
≠ ∆
∆
≠ ∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
′ ′ ′
′ ′
′ ′ ′
′
′ ′ ′
1 2
12 = ⋅ =⋅
13 3 23 13
4 4
12 ⋅ 33′ 12 ⋅ 13 12 ⋅ 33 ′
3 = 4 = 4 =
1 1 1
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
⇒
1
12 = ⋅ 34
2
12 = 1 ⋅ 32
2
1
22
∆ ∆
TESTE PENTRU
PREGÄTIREA
CONCURSURIL O R
ÖI OLIMPIADEL O R
ÖCOL A R E
11 + 2 11 + 2
2 = 2=
3 3
1
∈1
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
=
1 + + + 222 1= + + + 222
31 33 45 13 11 14
1 1 1
< <
2 2 3
11 1 1 2 31
+ + + =
2 2 2 2 2
≠
1 +31 1+1 3+ +1 + 4+ +1+ 3 + 41 +5 + +222 + 1 3 4 222 3 667
1 2 3 4553 3 6 7 4557
( ( ) )
1557 8 2 +3+ 6+ +999 4556 +2 + 3+ +6 999 4556
12 (3)1 1+
(12) 4 ++555( )1121=6
1 2 3
= =
+
1 2 1 3 +2 3 +
1 = 1+1 1+ + + 1 222 1= +1 1 +1 + + 1
222
1⋅ 3 ⋅ 3
⋅ 4 4 5⋅ 3667 3668 1 3 4 3556
1 + 2 + 3 = 1 2 + + 3 = 1
1
2 3 1 3 2 1
1 2 3
1< + + < 2
1 +2 2 +3 3 +1
12
= 3
24
1= +1 1 1
+ + + 1 222 1 = 1
+ 1
+ 1
⋅ ⋅ 4⋅ 5 6 7⋅
1 3 888 1999 231 234 1333
1
< 1 < 1
2
1 = {1127 5 1132 5 11435666
}
1 212
1 +3 = 2
1
2
123
<3 +3 +3 + + 3
<
666
4225
3227 4 7 5 4221 4221
1= +1 1+ 1 +1 + + 1 222
34 56 51 57 86
1
<1<2
34 5
2 = 1
3
1 1 1 1
+ + + +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 1+
2 34 5 6 176 364 762 214 88 6 566 494
1 2 13 23 1
5 ⋅16
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 444<
71 181 18
1 2 3 4332 4333
5 5
47 48 97
56665 5
33 8 3317
⋅⋅⋅ ⋅
1 2 3 444 555 + 1
1 2 3 444 1666
⋅⋅⋅ ⋅ + 1
2 = { 1 2
4 45554
1 1
1 31
1
}
4
→ →
1111
2 = + + 1 2 = 1 1 1
2 3 2 4 2 3
1 + 2 + 11 < 1 + 2
1+2+2 1 + 11
1 = 1+ ⋅ 2 +1+⋅ 2 +3+ 1+⋅⋅ 2 3+ +4 +555+1 2 3 555 1671
1 +7 1 +7+ +2 +1 + 7 2 +8 + + +1 7 2 555 311
1 = 123455566655
232
1
4
1 (2 ) 2+3( ) 3 (+) 1
1 1 1
1
+ 1 ++1 +222 1=++2 2 1
33 + 1 32 +
1 + 2 1 34 = 1 1+32+ +4 = 131 2 4
4 2 1
( 1 +2 )(
1 3 2+)(3 ) +
123
11 + 2 = 12 + 3 = 13 + 1
112 2 1 2 2 132 3 1
1 1 1 2
1 + 1 + 4+ +53336+ 1
1 1
12
3 ⋅ 2 1 1+ 121+1 12++ 4441 21 = 1
5 3 6 7 8 15 5 35 ⋅ 5
1 3 123
2
1 23
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 66645
⋅ 44
< 1
7 8 9 4 1 1
(
1 1 + 1+1 + +2221
3 4 1
) (
+111(11+ +) 1+ 222
3 4 1 +1)
22 11 33
= =
+
11 3 32 32 2 + 1
3 2 + 1
+ 1 2 + 23
1
1 + 1 2 3 2 3
1 1 1
1 + 2 = 1221
TESTE DE
AUTOEV A LUA R E
1 1 1 1
2 3 2⋅ 3
2 4 4 2
1 +1
2
1 +1
21
121134
12 1113
1 +1
= 2
2
1 1 2
1 + 12 1 + 2
=
3 2
1 1 1 1 +1 1+1 3
1 2 4 + 3 13 2 5 2 2
2 2 4
11 ⋅⋅ 22 ⋅⋅ 33 1 + 1 + + 1 + 2 1 ∈1
+ +
1 +1
1
+ 1 2 1 3
1 2
⋅
3 4 5 3 4
1 + 1 = 2
3 4
1
=
2
1 = 1 333{ }
1 = ∈
2 { 1∈
2
2
}
1
2
1 1
<
2 2
1 +2= 1
2
1
+ 3 1 4 51 1 +1 ⋅ +21 +1 ⋅
2
3 6 7 ( ) ( )
6 7 86
3415
1
1
2
+ 2 1 + 33314 1
2 2
1
= 1
2 2
1
=
2
2
1
2
1
+1 1 2
2 3
2 + 14 + 1 + 1
2 5
= 1+ 1+ 1 + +1222 1 1= 1+ +2 +3 + 555 4
3 4 5 16 2 3 6 17
1 1 − 2 = 22
12 1 + 12 3 +32 1 =
425
3 1
1
2
( ) +( )
1
2
1
2
1
2
111
2
1 = 2 3 } =444
∈ 1 12 22 { }
1
2
1 12
1 +
2
=
2
1 = 1
2
123 1 2312
12 + 2
( )( ⋅ )( ⋅ ) ⋅⋅( )
12
1
4
1
12
5
1
6
12
1
7
333 12
1 1123
1 + 1 ⋅ 2
2 2
1
∈ 1
1
1
= 2
31 4
1
= 111
22
112
= 333
4 1 52
2 ⋅ 1 (
11
+1 ⋅ 13 4 1
) 1
+ 2 +3 + 454
666
5 2 5 7 7 7 7
1 1 1
2 2 2
11 2 2
= 3
1 +2 1
1 1 + 2 111
111
=
2
21 +2=
1 1
2 = 1
11
= 2
3 4
1 2 1 34 1
5 6 7
1 2
1
4
3
5
1 − 23456 = 1
7
1 = ⋅
1 2
+ 3 1 = 1 2 1
3
( 4 4
) 3
1
= 111
2
1 1 + 2 = 111
= 12 3 12 2
2
2
1 11
⋅ 3 1 4
5 6 6 7
1 1 2+
2
4 = +
23
1
5 6 7
′
123 1 1324
1 1
11 425 526 621
1 1 1
123
1
123 324 425 521
1 1 1 1
1111
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
11
11 + 1 2
21 + 22
1 1
2
2
1 +1 = 2
1 + 3 4
( 123 + 231 + 312 )112
2 = 1 ∈1 2 1 < 1 1 = 2∈ 13<1 < 1 2
{ } { }
3 3 4 2 4
1 1
2 + 1
3 4
1 1
23
4 5
11 2 3
4
1 1
3 + 4 5 4
2
( )
6 7 1+1
2 7 ( )
123 1 324 1 425 1 521
1 1 1 1
123 12 425
1 1
( 1 12 3) = 4
1 1 1
1 2
3 4
23
1
21 3 1 =
2
12 ∈ 2 2 = 1 ∈ 1 2 1 + 1 ∈ 2
{
1 = 2∈13
2 1 31
11 + 22 = 11
1 22
34
5 5
1
+ 3 = 3 + 1 21 1
11 1 1 2 3 777 44
1 +
1
1 ( ( )
155 6 1 + 2+ +3+ 777 155 + 8+2 +3 +9 ) 1 55
1 +1
2
11213
2 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 2 1 1
+ 1 = 222
2 1 3 1 2
1 2 1 1+1 + 1 ⋅ 3 4
( )
5 6 5 3 17
23 ⋅ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1 ⋅ 4
4 4 4 4
( 1 121 ) =3
1 +1 1+ 1 2 57
1
7
2 3 4
7 7 7 888 7
566
3 4 5 1 2 3 99
3 3
2
1
= 111
2
11 +2
31 + 2
RÄSPUNSURI
⇒ ⇒
⇒ ⇒
12 + 21 = 11 1 + 2 ( ) 1121 ( + + ) ⇒ ⇒
⇒ ( + )
⇒ ⇒
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 12 12 12 12
2
2
23
2
2
2
2
2
2
56 4 56 4 56 4
3
5
3
6
3
7
1 2 3
4 4
51 51 51
12 3 31323 31323 12 12 12 12 12
1 4 5 6 7 11 18 1 5
1 1 1 1 1
2
2
2
2 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅3
1 1 1 12 1
2
23
2
3
22
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒
⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒
( + )
⇒ = ∈
( + )
1
2
1 1 1 12 1 12 11 123 12 12 12 1 11
2
2
2
2