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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 22

Chapter 22 Alkanes and Alkenes

Test Yourself 22.1 (page 429)

1. 2x + 2 = 26. Therefore, x = 12.

2. 1 and 2

Test Yourself 22.2 (page 432)

1. 1 mol of the alkane → 2CO2 + 3H2O


Therefore, 1 mol of the alkane contains 2 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms. The molecular
formula of the alkane is C2H6.

2. 3 mol of chlorine is required to react with 1 mol of methane.


UV light
CH4(g) + 3Cl2(g) CHCl3(g) + 3HCl(g)

3. X is ethane.

Y is methylpropane (or 2-methylpropane).

Z is butane.

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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 22

Test Yourself 22.3 (page 435)

1. (a) C3H6
(b)

(c) ‘Dot and cross’ diagram of propene:

2. (a) They contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.


(b) P belongs to the alkane homologous series. Q and R belong to the alkene homologous series.
(c) Q and R have the same number of carbon atoms. They each contain one carbon–carbon double
bond. (Any one answer)
(d) Q and R are isomers. They have the same molecular formula, C4H8. However, their double
bonds are in different places, giving them different structural formulae.

Test Yourself 22.4 and 22.5 (pages 441–442)

1. (a) P, methylpropene Q, methylpropane

(b) Isomers of P:

But-1-ene But-2-ene

Isomer of Q:  

Butane

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 22

2. It can be prepared by the addition of HCl to ethene.

→  

3. (a) Bromination. P is propene.


(b) Substitution reaction. Q is ethane.
(c) Hydration. R is ethene.

4. (a) (i) X is C8H18.


(ii) Y is C3H6.
(iii) Z is H2.
(b) (i) X
(ii) Y

Test Yourself 22.6 (page 443)

(a) P is ethane.

Q is ethene.

(b) P contains only carbon–carbon and carbon–hydrogen single bonds, but Q contains a carbon–carbon
double bond.

Test Yourself 22.7 (page 444)

1. Add aqueous bromine to each of the compounds. Aqueous bromine remains unchanged when
added to saturated fats, but is decolourised when added to polyunsaturated fats.

2. Margarine is produced by the hydrogenation of vegetable oil at a temperature of 200°C in the


presence of a nickel catalyst.

Get it Right (page 445)

(a) False. Alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only carbon–carbon single
covalent bonds.
(b) False. Butane and butene are not isomers. They have different chemical formulae.
(c) True
(d) False. The reaction of alkanes with bromine is a substitution reaction.
(e) False. The first member of the alkene homologous series is ethene.
(f) True
(g) False. The catalytic cracking of long-chain alkanes produces short-chain alkenes and short-chain
alkanes or hydrogen.
(h) False. Alkenes (but not alkanes) react rapidly with bromine water at room temperature.
(i) False. Polyunsaturated fats contain two or more carbon–carbon double bonds.
(j) True

© 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

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