Al Nahda National Schools - Boys TERM II Academic Year 2019 - 2020

Biology Department Grade 11

Student Name: Khalid Zein __________________ Section: __E____

Chapter 30: How Animal Move
No. of Pages: 03 Date: 31 / March / 2020

Question 1:
A) Label the Structure of an arm bone
 B) Compare the two types of bone marrow according to their location and function.

Bone Marrow: Yellow bone marrow Red bone marrow

Location: Central cavity Spongy bones (at the ends of bones)

Function: Storing fats Making of red blood cells

C) Define osteoporosis.
A bone disease characterized by low bone mass and structural disorientation
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D) How do exercise and adequate calcium intake help prevent osteoporosis?

High levels of calcium in diet
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Sufficient intake of vitamin D
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Quit smoking, exercise daily
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E) Describe the differences between normal bone and bone osteoporosis? according to the figure below

Normal bone Osteoporosis

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Smaller holes Wider holes
More density Low density
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Strong interconnected plates Rod-like structure
Strong and durable Weak and fragile
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F) Describe the graph (page 656, figure 30.5B, textbook), and explain why do females become more prone to

bone fractures after menopause?

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The figure 30.5B shows that the bone mass the early years increases this is
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because the body is at active growth state. When the body becomes about 30
years old, this is where the mass of bones reaches its peak, means that the bones
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are strongest at this stage but they stop growing. As the body becomes older, the
bone mass decreases because the body becomes weaker. Rapid loss of bone
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mass starts in females when the enter menopause, as the body decreases the
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secretion of hormones needed for the maintenance of bone mass. The graph also
shows that males’ bone mass is always greater than females, because the nature
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of the male body is stronger and more durable than females
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The levels of estrogen responsible for the maintenance of bone mass, decreases
after menopause. Thus, low bone mass in females contributes to osteoporosis
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resulting in more chances of fractures
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G) Using your own words list the steps for First aid bone fractures.

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In children’s cases, if the fracture is minor, their bones heal quicker than
adults so a splint or a fiberglass cast. In severe cases, plates, rods, and
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screws are inserted surgically to hold the broken pieces together.
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However, in certain cases bones are beyond repairing and must be
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replaced.
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